高考英語一輪復習課件語法專題13構(gòu)詞法

1、語法專題十三構(gòu)詞法-2-高考感悟考點歸納1.(2018全國,語篇填空)Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.scientist前面有冠詞a,所以此處要用單數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)后面的who可知,填scientist。2.(2018全國,語篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.global此處修飾名詞短語fertilizer consumption

2、,其前需用形容詞修飾,故填global。-3-高考感悟考點歸納3.(2018天津改編)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.possibility句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命這種可能性一直激勵著科學家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠刻?。根?jù)前面的the可知,所填的詞應是名詞形式。故填possibility。4.(2016浙江改編)A sudden stop can be a very frighten

3、ing experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.especially句意:突然停住可能是很嚇人的經(jīng)歷,特別是如果你正在高速行駛的時候。這里用副詞修飾句子,強調(diào)尤其是在高速行駛時。-4-高考感悟考點歸納5.(2015江蘇改編)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.adjustments動詞make之后應該接賓語,由于沒有冠詞,所以空格處應該填寫復數(shù)形式adjustments。句意:一些學校將

4、不得不做出調(diào)整,以適應國家足球改革。6.(2015安徽改編)They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.personally分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填副詞并與through their companies構(gòu)成并列狀語。句意:他們親自或通過公司向敬老院捐款。-5-高考感悟考點歸納7.(2015福建改編)It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.consid

5、erate句意:邁克爾想得很周到,他通知我們他耽擱的事情,以免我們擔心。considerate“考慮周詳?shù)?體貼的”,本句應用了句型“It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。8.(2015湖北改編)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.gradually分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處需要副詞gradually來修飾動詞短語“getting active”。句意:這個女

6、孩過去很靦腆,但現(xiàn)在逐漸地積極參加集體活動,也更樂意表達自己了。-6-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-7-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-8-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四合成法就是由兩個或更多的詞合成一個詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符“-”連接,有的直接連寫在一起,還有的分開寫。1.合成名詞-9-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-10-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四2.合成形容詞 -11-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-12-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四3.合成副詞 -13-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四4.其他合成詞 -14-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四轉(zhuǎn)化法就是一個單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性而詞形不變。-15-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四派生

7、法就是給一個詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個詞。1.前綴-16-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-17-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-18-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四2.后綴 -19-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-20-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-21-高考感悟考點歸納一三二四-22-.單句填空1.The (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.successful句意:這位成功的漁夫邀請長官來陪伴觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填詞位于名詞前做定語,故用形容詞。2.Its not really (surprise) that

8、reading became her vocation.surprising本句中的it指代后面that從句的內(nèi)容;根據(jù)句意用以修飾一件事情,所以使用動詞-ing形式轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞surprising “令人驚訝的”做表語。-23-3.Its so (comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.uncomfortable根據(jù)空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判斷前面應填 “不舒服的”,Its后應用形容詞做表語,故填uncomfortable。4

9、.It was a little far to her car and it was a (fog) day yesterday in Missouri.foggy此處為形容詞做定語,修飾名詞day,故用foggy。5.Before we end this program,lets take a (glance) at the sports news briefly.glance句意:在結(jié)束這個節(jié)目之前,讓我們簡要瀏覽一下體育新聞。-24-6.According to a UN report,one third of the world population have no (access)

10、to clean drinking water and health care.access句意:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國的一則報告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干凈的飲用水,得不到好的醫(yī)療保健。7.I cant tell you how much the precious painting is worth,but it is (rough) assessed at $100 million.roughly句意:我沒法告訴你這幅珍貴的畫值多少錢,但是它大致可估價1億美元。roughly“粗略地”。8.Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n)

11、 _ (regular) life.irregular從前面的Getting up at noon可知,他的生活不規(guī)律,因此用regular的反義詞irregular。-25-9.The naughty boy entered the classroom (caution), fearing that his teacher would blame him.cautiously句意:這個頑皮的男孩害怕老師會責備他,小心翼翼地走進教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”。10.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise)

12、young players of great potential for better performances in the coming mising句意:為了下個賽季有更好的表現(xiàn),籃球教練員們抓緊時間去尋找有巨大潛力的年輕球員。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。-26-11.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something (usual).Can someone have got in?unusual句意:當女售貨員走進商店的時候,她察覺到了異常的情況,可能有人進來過了嗎?這里用usual

13、的反義詞unusual,表示“不尋常的”。12.His confidence built up (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.gradually句意:隨著教學經(jīng)驗的不斷增加,他的信心逐漸增強。gradually“逐漸地,漸漸地”。13.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at in the end.agreement句意:經(jīng)過長時間熱烈的討論,終于達成了最后協(xié)議。final是形容詞,其后要用名詞,故用agreem

14、ent。-27-14.Although she brushed the old pot (thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very upset.thoroughly句意:盡管她把這個舊罐子徹底清洗了,但還是沒有把它完全洗干凈,這讓她很心煩。根據(jù)句意可知應用thoroughly,表示“徹底地”,修飾brushed。15.The river(wide) as it flows.widens句意:這條河越流越寬。句子缺少謂語,因此要用動詞。wide的動詞形式是widen,又因主語是the river,因此

15、用第三人稱單數(shù)widens。16.It is (evidence) that he has lost the chance of going abroad to study.evident句意:很明顯他失去了出國留學的機會。根據(jù)前面的is可知,所填的詞是形容詞形式,所以用evident。-28-17.Since the (adopt) of the new working method, production has gone up.adoption句意:自從采用新的工作方法以來,產(chǎn)量有所提高。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞是名詞形式,所以用adoption。18.The weather at t

16、he moment is not (type) for July.typical句意:現(xiàn)在的天氣并不是七月份常有的。根據(jù)is可知,所填的詞是形容詞。19.Each of us is likely to develop a personal (prefer) for certain types of entertainment.preference句意:我們每個人都可能對某些娛樂產(chǎn)生偏愛。根據(jù)前面的a可知,所填的詞是名詞形式。-29-20.A good salesperson has to be (aggression) in todays highly competitive market.a

17、ggressive句意:在當今競爭激烈的市場上,好的銷售員應該有進取精神。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞修飾名詞,所以用形容詞形式。-30-.短文改錯(2018湖北省重點高中聯(lián)考)During the vacation,I quarrelled with my mother and then we begin to overlook each other.Anyway,when that was time for me to go back to school,she went up to me with a box of homemade pancake in her hand.Patting

18、me on shoulder,she said gently,“Take this on case you feel hungry on the train.Sweetheart,youre always my good girl.” Still feeling a bit of angry,I refused her but quietly turned away.Had nothing to do on the train,I couldnt help thinking about the scene of leaving and felt terrible sorry.What I wish I could have said sorry to her sincerely before I left!-31-32-1.beginbegan根據(jù)上下文可知,此處講述的是過去發(fā)生的事情,故用動詞的過去式形式。2.thatitit is time for sb.to do sth.“某人該做某事了”,是固定句型。3.pancakepancakes