高考英語(yǔ)一輪復(fù)習(xí)課件語(yǔ)法專題13構(gòu)詞法

1、語(yǔ)法專題十三構(gòu)詞法-2-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納1.(2018全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)Im a (science) who studies animals such as apes and monkeys.scientist前面有冠詞a,所以此處要用單數(shù)名詞。且根據(jù)后面的who可知,填scientist。2.(2018全國(guó),語(yǔ)篇填空)According to the World Bank,China accounts for about 30 percent of total (globe) fertilizer consumption.global此處修飾名詞短語(yǔ)fertilizer consumption

2、,其前需用形容詞修飾,故填global。-3-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納3.(2018天津改編)The (possible) that there is life on other planets in the universe has always inspired scientists to explore the outer space.possibility句意:宇宙中其他行星上存在生命這種可能性一直激勵(lì)著科學(xué)家們?nèi)ヌ剿魍獠刻?。根?jù)前面的the可知,所填的詞應(yīng)是名詞形式。故填possibility。4.(2016浙江改編)A sudden stop can be a very frighten

3、ing experience,(especial) if you are travelling at high speed.especially句意:突然停住可能是很嚇人的經(jīng)歷,特別是如果你正在高速行駛的時(shí)候。這里用副詞修飾句子,強(qiáng)調(diào)尤其是在高速行駛時(shí)。-4-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納5.(2015江蘇改編)Some schools will have to make (adjust) in agreement with the national soccer reform.adjustments動(dòng)詞make之后應(yīng)該接賓語(yǔ),由于沒(méi)有冠詞,所以空格處應(yīng)該填寫復(fù)數(shù)形式adjustments。句意:一些學(xué)校將

4、不得不做出調(diào)整,以適應(yīng)國(guó)家足球改革。6.(2015安徽改編)They gave money to the old peoples home either (personal) or through their companies.personally分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知,空格處需要填副詞并與through their companies構(gòu)成并列狀語(yǔ)。句意:他們親自或通過(guò)公司向敬老院捐款。-5-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納7.(2015福建改編)It was (consider) of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.consid

5、erate句意:邁克爾想得很周到,他通知我們他耽擱的事情,以免我們擔(dān)心。considerate“考慮周詳?shù)?體貼的”,本句應(yīng)用了句型“It is/was considerate of sb.to do sth.某人想得很周到,做了”。8.(2015湖北改編)The girl used to be shy,but is (gradual) getting active in group work and is more willing to express herself.gradually分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知此處需要副詞gradually來(lái)修飾動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)“getting active”。句意:這個(gè)女

6、孩過(guò)去很靦腆,但現(xiàn)在逐漸地積極參加集體活動(dòng),也更樂(lè)意表達(dá)自己了。-6-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-7-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-8-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四合成法就是由兩個(gè)或更多的詞合成一個(gè)詞。詞與詞之間有的用連字符“-”連接,有的直接連寫在一起,還有的分開(kāi)寫。1.合成名詞-9-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-10-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四2.合成形容詞 -11-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-12-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四3.合成副詞 -13-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四4.其他合成詞 -14-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四轉(zhuǎn)化法就是一個(gè)單詞由一種詞性轉(zhuǎn)化為另一種詞性而詞形不變。-15-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四派生

7、法就是給一個(gè)詞根加上前綴或后綴構(gòu)成另一個(gè)詞。1.前綴-16-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-17-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-18-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四2.后綴 -19-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-20-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-21-高考感悟考點(diǎn)歸納一三二四-22-.單句填空1.The (success) fisherman invited the officer to accompany him and observe.successful句意:這位成功的漁夫邀請(qǐng)長(zhǎng)官來(lái)陪伴觀察。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知所填詞位于名詞前做定語(yǔ),故用形容詞。2.Its not really (surprise) that

8、reading became her vocation.surprising本句中的it指代后面that從句的內(nèi)容;根據(jù)句意用以修飾一件事情,所以使用動(dòng)詞-ing形式轉(zhuǎn)換的形容詞surprising “令人驚訝的”做表語(yǔ)。-23-3.Its so (comfort) to be in that condition of self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt.uncomfortable根據(jù)空后的self-doubt or self-criticism and guilt判斷前面應(yīng)填 “不舒服的”,Its后應(yīng)用形容詞做表語(yǔ),故填uncomfortable。4

9、.It was a little far to her car and it was a (fog) day yesterday in Missouri.foggy此處為形容詞做定語(yǔ),修飾名詞day,故用foggy。5.Before we end this program,lets take a (glance) at the sports news briefly.glance句意:在結(jié)束這個(gè)節(jié)目之前,讓我們簡(jiǎn)要瀏覽一下體育新聞。-24-6.According to a UN report,one third of the world population have no (access)

10、to clean drinking water and health care.access句意:根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)的一則報(bào)告,世界上三分之一的人喝不到干凈的飲用水,得不到好的醫(yī)療保健。7.I cant tell you how much the precious painting is worth,but it is (rough) assessed at $100 million.roughly句意:我沒(méi)法告訴你這幅珍貴的畫值多少錢,但是它大致可估價(jià)1億美元。roughly“粗略地”。8.Getting up at noon is part of his routine.He leads a(n)

11、 _ (regular) life.irregular從前面的Getting up at noon可知,他的生活不規(guī)律,因此用regular的反義詞irregular。-25-9.The naughty boy entered the classroom (caution), fearing that his teacher would blame him.cautiously句意:這個(gè)頑皮的男孩害怕老師會(huì)責(zé)備他,小心翼翼地走進(jìn)教室。cautiously“小心翼翼地”。10.Basketball coaches waste no time in searching for (promise)

12、young players of great potential for better performances in the coming mising句意:為了下個(gè)賽季有更好的表現(xiàn),籃球教練員們抓緊時(shí)間去尋找有巨大潛力的年輕球員。promising“有前途的,有希望的”。-26-11.When the salesgirl walked into the shop,she sensed something (usual).Can someone have got in?unusual句意:當(dāng)女售貨員走進(jìn)商店的時(shí)候,她察覺(jué)到了異常的情況,可能有人進(jìn)來(lái)過(guò)了嗎?這里用usual

13、的反義詞unusual,表示“不尋常的”。12.His confidence built up (gradual) as he gained more and more experience in teaching.gradually句意:隨著教學(xué)經(jīng)驗(yàn)的不斷增加,他的信心逐漸增強(qiáng)。gradually“逐漸地,漸漸地”。13.After a long and heated discussion,the final (agree) was arrived at in the end.agreement句意:經(jīng)過(guò)長(zhǎng)時(shí)間熱烈的討論,終于達(dá)成了最后協(xié)議。final是形容詞,其后要用名詞,故用agreem

14、ent。-27-14.Although she brushed the old pot (thorough),she could not make it completely clean,which made her very upset.thoroughly句意:盡管她把這個(gè)舊罐子徹底清洗了,但還是沒(méi)有把它完全洗干凈,這讓她很心煩。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)用thoroughly,表示“徹底地”,修飾brushed。15.The river(wide) as it flows.widens句意:這條河越流越寬。句子缺少謂語(yǔ),因此要用動(dòng)詞。wide的動(dòng)詞形式是widen,又因主語(yǔ)是the river,因此

15、用第三人稱單數(shù)widens。16.It is (evidence) that he has lost the chance of going abroad to study.evident句意:很明顯他失去了出國(guó)留學(xué)的機(jī)會(huì)。根據(jù)前面的is可知,所填的詞是形容詞形式,所以用evident。-28-17.Since the (adopt) of the new working method, production has gone up.adoption句意:自從采用新的工作方法以來(lái),產(chǎn)量有所提高。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞是名詞形式,所以用adoption。18.The weather at t

16、he moment is not (type) for July.typical句意:現(xiàn)在的天氣并不是七月份常有的。根據(jù)is可知,所填的詞是形容詞。19.Each of us is likely to develop a personal (prefer) for certain types of entertainment.preference句意:我們每個(gè)人都可能對(duì)某些娛樂(lè)產(chǎn)生偏愛(ài)。根據(jù)前面的a可知,所填的詞是名詞形式。-29-20.A good salesperson has to be (aggression) in todays highly competitive market.a

17、ggressive句意:在當(dāng)今競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激烈的市場(chǎng)上,好的銷售員應(yīng)該有進(jìn)取精神。分析句子成分可知,所填的詞修飾名詞,所以用形容詞形式。-30-.短文改錯(cuò)(2018湖北省重點(diǎn)高中聯(lián)考)During the vacation,I quarrelled with my mother and then we begin to overlook each other.Anyway,when that was time for me to go back to school,she went up to me with a box of homemade pancake in her hand.Patting

18、me on shoulder,she said gently,“Take this on case you feel hungry on the train.Sweetheart,youre always my good girl.” Still feeling a bit of angry,I refused her but quietly turned away.Had nothing to do on the train,I couldnt help thinking about the scene of leaving and felt terrible sorry.What I wish I could have said sorry to her sincerely before I left!-31-32-1.beginbegan根據(jù)上下文可知,此處講述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情,故用動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式形式。2.thatitit is time for sb.to do sth.“某人該做某事了”,是固定句型。3.pancakepancakes