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1、PAGE PAGE 11有限元基礎(chǔ)理論報(bào)告 學(xué) 院: 班 級(jí): 姓 名: 學(xué) 號(hào): 任課老師:二一一年十二月 題目一:三維托架實(shí)體受力分析題目:1、三維托架實(shí)體受力分析:托架頂面承受50psi的均勻分布載荷。托架通過有孔的表面固定在墻上,托架是鋼制的,彈性模量E=29106psi,泊松比v=0.3.試通過ANSYS輸出其變形圖及其托架的von Mises應(yīng)力分布。 題目1的分析:先進(jìn)行建模,此建模的難點(diǎn)在對(duì)V3的構(gòu)建(既圖中的紅色部分)。要想構(gòu)建V3,首先應(yīng)將A15做出來,然后執(zhí)行Main MenuPreprocessorModelingOperateBooleansAddVolumes命令,

2、將所有的實(shí)體合并為一個(gè)整體。建模后,就對(duì)模型進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格的劃分,實(shí)行Main MenuPreprocessorMeshingMeshTool,先對(duì)網(wǎng)格尺寸進(jìn)行編輯,選0.1,然后點(diǎn)Meshing,Pick all進(jìn)行網(wǎng)格劃分,所得結(jié)果如圖1.1。劃分網(wǎng)格后,就可以對(duì)模型施加約束并進(jìn)行加載求解了。施加約束時(shí)要注意,由于三維托架只是通過兩個(gè)孔進(jìn)行固定,故施加約束應(yīng)該只是針對(duì)兩孔的內(nèi)表面,執(zhí)行Main MenuSolutionDefine LoadsApplyStructrualDisplacementSymmetry B.COn Areas命令,然后拾取兩孔的內(nèi)表面,單擊OK就行了。施加約束后,就可以

3、對(duì)實(shí)體進(jìn)行加載求解了,載荷是施加在三維托架的最頂上的表面的,加載后求解運(yùn)算,托架的變形圖如圖1.2。圖1.1、托架網(wǎng)格圖圖1.2輸出的是原型托架和施加載荷后托架變形圖的對(duì)比,虛線部分即為托架的原型,從圖1.2可看出,由于載荷的作用,托架上面板明顯變形了,變形最嚴(yán)重的就是紅色部分,這是因?yàn)槠潆x托板就遠(yuǎn),沒有任何物體與其分擔(dān)載荷,故其較容易變形甚至折斷。這是我們?cè)趹?yīng)用托架的時(shí)候應(yīng)當(dāng)注意的。圖1.2、托架位移變形圖圖1.3為托架的應(yīng)力分布圖,由圖可看出主要在兩孔處出現(xiàn)應(yīng)力集中,也就是說這些地方所受的應(yīng)力的最大的,比較容易出現(xiàn)裂痕。我們?cè)趹?yīng)用托架的時(shí)候,應(yīng)當(dāng)注意采取一些設(shè)施,以便減緩其應(yīng)力集中。特別是

4、在施加載荷時(shí),絕對(duì)不能夠超過托架所能承受的極限,否則必將導(dǎo)致事故的發(fā)生。文后附上建模分析時(shí)所執(zhí)行的命令流。圖1.3、托架應(yīng)力分布圖1.指定分析標(biāo)題1選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | File | Change Jobname,將彈出Change Jobname (修改文件名)對(duì)話框。2在Enter new jobname (輸入新文件名)文本框中輸入文字“bracket”,為本分析實(shí)例的數(shù)據(jù)庫文件名。單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕,完成文件名的修改。3選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | File | Change Title,將彈出Change Title (修改標(biāo)題)對(duì)話框。4在E

5、nter new title (輸入新標(biāo)題)文本框中輸入文字“press analysis of bracket structure”,為本分析實(shí)例的標(biāo)題名。單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕,完成對(duì)標(biāo)題名的指定。2.定義單元類型1選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Element Type | Add/Edit/Delete,將彈出Element Types (單元類型定義)對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的按鈕,將彈出Library ofElement Types (單元類型庫)對(duì)話框。2在左邊的滾動(dòng)框中單擊“Structural Solid”,選擇結(jié)構(gòu)殼單元類型。在右邊的滾動(dòng)框

6、中單擊“Quad 10node 92”,在對(duì)話框中單擊“OK”按鈕,完成對(duì)這種單元的定義。3.指定材料特性1選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Material Props | Material Models,將彈出Define Material Model Behavior (材料模型定義)對(duì)話框。2依次雙擊Structural, Linear ,Elastic 和Isotropic,將彈出1 號(hào)材料的彈性模量EX 和泊松比PRXY 的定義對(duì)話框。3在EX文本框中輸入2.9E11,PRXY文本框中輸入0.3。定義材料的彈性模量為2.9E6 N/m2,泊松比為0.

7、3。單擊“OK”按鈕,關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。4在Define Material Model Behavior (材料模型定義)對(duì)話框中,選取路徑Material | Exit,完成對(duì)材料模型的定義。5單擊ANSYS10.0 的ANSYS Toolbar (工具條)上的“SAVE”按鈕,保存數(shù)據(jù)庫文件4.建立托架的有限元模型1選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create | Volume|Block|By Dimensions,將彈出Create Block by Dimensions(根據(jù)坐標(biāo)創(chuàng)建體)對(duì)話框。在對(duì)話框輸入:X1,X2 X-coordin

8、ates:-1,1Y1,Y2 Y-coordinates:-1.5,1.5Z1, Z2 Z-coordinates:0,1/8然后單擊“APPLY”按鈕,再次在對(duì)話框輸入:X1,X2 X-coordinates:-1,1Y1,Y2 Y-coordinates:1.5,1.625Z1, Z2 Z-coordinates:0,32選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Operate |Booleans|Add|Volumes將彈出Add Volumes(體相加)對(duì)話框,在對(duì)話框單擊“PICK ALL”按鈕完成體相加操作。3在執(zhí)行顯示keypoint的操

9、作之后,執(zhí)行顯示line的操作,選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create |Lines|Lines|StrainghtLine將彈出Create Straight Line對(duì)話框,然后選擇關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)5、13生成L13直線,單擊“OK”按鈕完成操作。4選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create |Area|Arbitrary|By Lines將彈出對(duì)話框Create Area By Lines然后選擇直線L1,L9,L13,L20,L24,L25,單擊“OK”即可生成面A4。5選取路徑Mai

10、n Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling |Operate|Extrude|Areas|Along Normal彈出對(duì)話框Extrude Area by選擇面A4單擊“OK”按鈕,將彈出另一個(gè)對(duì)話框,在Length extrusion項(xiàng)輸入“-1/8”,單擊“OK”6選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling |Create|Areas|Circle|Solid Circle將彈出Solid Circular Area對(duì)話框,在WP x,WPy,Radius項(xiàng)分別輸入0,-0.5,0.25單擊Apply,再次輸入0,0.5,0.25然

11、后單擊“OK”按鈕。然后選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling |Operate|Extrude|Areas|Along Normal彈出對(duì)話框Extrude Area by選擇其中一個(gè)圓面單擊“Apply”按鈕,將彈出另一個(gè)對(duì)話框,在Length extrusion項(xiàng)輸入“1”,單擊“OK”7選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Operate |Booleans|Subtract|Volumes將彈出Subtract Volumes(體相減)對(duì)話框,選擇兩個(gè)圓柱體所在的體,單擊“Apply”按鈕,然后選擇

12、兩個(gè)圓柱體,單擊“OK”按鈕,完成體相減操作。5.網(wǎng)格劃分1選取路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling|Meshing|MeshTool將彈出MeshTool對(duì)話框,單擊“Mesh”按鈕,彈出另一對(duì)話框,再次單擊“PICK ALL”按鈕完成網(wǎng)格劃分。6.施加約束,載荷并求解1選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Loads | Define Loads | Apply | Structural |Displacement | On Areas,將會(huì)彈出拾取對(duì)話框,選擇兩圓孔,單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕。完成施加約束操作。2選取菜單

13、路徑Main Menu | Solution | Define Loads | Apply | Structural |Pressure |On Areas將會(huì)彈出拾取對(duì)話框,選擇面A10,A19單擊“OK”按鈕,彈出另一對(duì)話框,在Load PRES value項(xiàng)輸入“50”單擊“OK”3選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Solution |Solve|Current LS彈出Solve Current Load Step對(duì)話框,單擊“OK”開始求解,求解結(jié)束后,關(guān)閉相應(yīng)對(duì)話框。4選取菜單路徑Main Menu |General Postproc|Plot Results|Contour P

14、lot|Nodal Solu將彈出Contour Nodal Solution Data對(duì)話框,選擇Nodal Solution|DOF Solution|Displacement vector sum將得到如位移圖(1.2):5選取菜單路徑Main Menu |General Postproc|Plot Results|Contour Plot|Nodal Solu將彈出Contour Nodal Solution Data對(duì)話框,選擇Nodal Solution|Stress|von Mises Stress將得到如應(yīng)力圖(1.3):命令代碼/BATCH /COM,ANSYS RELEAS

15、E 10.0 UP20050718 22:40:46 12/25/2011/input,menust,tmp,1 /GRA,POWER/GST,ON/PLO,INFO,3/GRO,CURL,ON/CPLANE,1 /REPLOT,RESIZE WPSTYLE,0/REPLOT,RESIZE /FILNAME,bracket,0 /TITLE,press analysis of bracket structure /PREP7 !* ET,1,SOLID92!* !* MPTEMP, MPTEMP,1,0 MPDATA,EX,1,2.9E11 MPDATA,PRXY,1,0.3 SAVEBLOC

16、K,-1,1,-1.5,1.5,0,0.125,BLOCK,-1,1,1.5,1.625,0,3, FLST,2,2,6,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,-2 VADD,P51X /PNUM,KP,1 /PNUM,LINE,0/PNUM,AREA,0/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,0/PNUM,TABN,0/PNUM,SVAL,0/NUMBER,0 !* /PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOT !* /USER, 1 /FOC, 1, 0.426937526219 , 0.284687479101E-01, 1.50000000000/REPLO /VIEW,

17、1, -0.685695940356 , -0.239135898222 , 0.687484617690/ANG, 1, 32.4319615731 /REPLO /DIST,1,1.37174211248,1 /REP,FAST LSTR, 5, 13 KPLOT LSTR, 5, 13 LPLOT /REPLOT,RESIZE /PNUM,KP,0 /PNUM,LINE,1/PNUM,AREA,0/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,0/PNUM,TABN,0/PNUM,SVAL,0/NUMBER,0 !* /PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOT !* /VIEW, 1, -0.

18、952211750124 , 0.300073577176 , 0.569967648888E-01/ANG, 1, 32.0511294406 /REPLO FLST,2,6,4 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,9 FITEM,2,13 FITEM,2,20 FITEM,2,25 FITEM,2,24 AL,P51X !* VOFFST,4,-0.125, , FLST,2,2,6,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,1 FITEM,2,3 VADD,P51X CYL4,0,-0.5,0.25CYL4,0,0.5,0.25 /VIEW, 1, -0.838435866138 , -0.4864

19、92678643 , -0.245662720003/ANG, 1, 110.788655111 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.339515832571 , -0.244809226022 , 0.908183595034/ANG, 1, 148.821882503 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.169220232114 , -0.436660961201 , 0.883567608056/ANG, 1, 155.910318084 /REPLO APLOT /PNUM,KP,0 /PNUM,LINE,0/PNUM,AREA,1/PNUM,VOLU,0/PNUM,NODE,0

20、/PNUM,TABN,0/PNUM,SVAL,0/NUMBER,0 !* /PNUM,ELEM,0/REPLOT !* /VIEW, 1, -0.356932359698 , 0.418686141168 , -0.835045630965/ANG, 1, 164.296465953 /REPLO !* VOFFST,1,1, , !* VOFFST,2,1, , FLST,3,2,6,ORDE,2 FITEM,3,1 FITEM,3,3 VSBV, 2,P51X SAVEMSHAPE,1,3D MSHKEY,0!* CM,_Y,VOLU VSEL, , , , 4 CM,_Y1,VOLU C

21、HKMSH,VOLU CMSEL,S,_Y !* VMESH,_Y1 !* CMDELE,_Y CMDELE,_Y1 CMDELE,_Y2 !* /VIEW, 1, -0.652379214562 , 0.404126372088 , -0.641157730820/ANG, 1, 173.444855067 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.718566728584 , -0.549002447693 , -0.426917051662/ANG, 1, 127.572346282 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.250722452157 , -0.220015610285 , 0.

22、942725507884/ANG, 1, -126.433951714 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.741650378061 , -0.647024764325 , -0.176956692645/ANG, 1, -164.332458487 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.726982073059E-01, -0.684396398504 , -0.725476767629/ANG, 1, -123.526629341 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.847903267631 , -0.525698501156 , 0.685648205956E-01/ANG, 1,

23、 167.194661055 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.113423569061 , -0.671620487334 , 0.732161877575/ANG, 1, 116.907681077 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.487887008769 , -0.358700944031 , 0.795801419593/ANG, 1, 88.1380999294 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.460990414590 , -0.659822304086 , 0.593398992825/ANG, 1, 128.316223859 /REPLO /VIEW, 1,

24、 0.538728473488 , -0.595964192786E-01, 0.840368906292/ANG, 1, 173.548320689 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.240462593018 , 0.884057268801 , -0.400774858043/ANG, 1, 104.119168548 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.474239226951 , 0.125690467896 , 0.871377680401/ANG, 1, -166.643976861 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.204217750817 , -0.1031046

25、93497 , 0.973480627661/ANG, 1, -166.861024332 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.741952188949 , -0.235810095554 , 0.627614968072/ANG, 1, -174.240926054 /REPLO /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.92402108647

26、2,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST /DIST,1,1.08222638492,1 /REP,FAST /DIST,1,0.924021086472,1/REP,FAST FLST,2,8,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,32 FITEM,2,-39 !* /GO DA,P51X,ALL,/UI,MESH,OFFFINISH /SOL

27、/FOC, 1, 0.418573847761 , 0.297747333940E-01, 1.51037804137/REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.180639560046 , 0.943374983299 , 0.278231900097/ANG, 1, -172.828760970 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.718675672835 , 0.664655129651 , -0.204300846557/ANG, 1, 59.6792321571 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.549109948518 , 0.339722745197 , -0.7635880

28、57027/ANG, 1, 39.8661168064 /REPLO /VIEW,1,-1/ANG,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW,1,-1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW,1,-1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW,1,1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.513943738079E-01, 0.392084352748 , 0.918492503329/ANG, 1, -0.805763212351 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.469100628317E-01, 0.140512077166 , 0.988967037962

29、/ANG, 1, 0.707117230855 /REPLO SAVE/VIEW, 1, 0.920945285577E-01, 0.709098745829 , 0.699069071318/ANG, 1, 3/REPLO /FOC, 1, 0.426868143929 , 0.248207777677 , 1.28771841669/REPLO /FOC, 1, 0.438683492913 , 0.400639817640 , 1REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.233232217141 , 0.533036859761 , 0.8

30ANG, 1, -11.2605268445 /REPLO /VIEW,1,1 /ANG,1 /REP,FAST /VIEW, 1, -0.654877885119E-01, 0.439621381744 , 0.895792604496/ANG, 1, -0.913231139758 /REPLO FLST,2,2,5,ORDE,2 FITEM,2,18 FITEM,2,26 /GO !* SFA,P51X,1,PRES,50 /STATUS,SOLUSOLVE FINISH /POST1 !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, U,SUM, 0,1.0/VIEW,

31、 1, 0.903525456941E-01, -0.365932262484 , 0.926245106200/ANG, 1, 1/REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.427084783599 , -0.316917580685 , 0.846854081097/ANG, 1, -7.62645534073 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.606719983880E-01, -0.981633170478 , 0.180873511682/ANG, 1, -10.6055199054 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.433941101988 , -0.3

32、42681426970 , 0.833225395445/ANG, 1, 173.716012962 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.921120395448 , -0.355853474976 , -0.157814832756/ANG, 1, -122.669453520 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.690742719184 , 0.546057840529 , -0.474020390586/ANG, 1, -145.790511990 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.476272949660 , 0.286485316369 , 0.831318375189/A

33、NG, 1, -169.224590493 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.177715883973 , -0.884434740353E-01, 0.980099391125/ANG, 1, -168.677353292 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.431828528729 , -0.251574206855 , 0.866160805059/ANG, 1, -171.173302228 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.581767887928 , -0.486216908707E-01, 0.811900274512/ANG, 1, -174.079916756 /R

34、EPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.561136772176 , -0.224853169734 , 0.796596871053/ANG, 1, -174.052476585 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.400907060188 , 0.319434227601 , 0.858624075675/ANG, 1, -67.6873569414 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.845107262645 , 0.503919874186 , 0.178489425526/ANG, 1, -27.5004779072 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.592153926830E-

35、01, -0.357196522484E-01, 0.997605956133/ANG, 1, 1.29602180320 /REPLO /FOC, 1, 0.393909950882 , 0.769931794836E-01, 1.12261222291/REPLO !* /EFACET,1 PLNSOL, S,EQV, 0,1.0SAVE/FOC, 1, 0.412799879773 , 0.297070649272E-01, 1.11979786709/REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.616043683190 , -0.166606783969 , 0.769891135121/AN

36、G, 1, -13.3464948311 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.372028108687 , -0.161396006619 , 0.914082280429/ANG, 1, -12.0103999895 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.147229221869 , -0.169853463654 , 0.974409234928/ANG, 1, -18.7793718925 /REPLO /VIEW, 1, -0.698776772481E-02, 0.680430230256E-01, 0.997657916382/ANG, 1, -21.4538691042 /RE

37、PLO /VIEW, 1, -0.854633899307E-02, -0.934783164016E-01, 0.995584634500/ANG, 1, -25.2130606913 /REPLO /FOC, 1, 0.319276093855 , 0.590268730351E-03, 1.11626117624/REPLO /VIEW, 1, 0.258096476507 , 0.167445974696 , 0.951497795254/ANG, 1, -28.2983952621 /REPLO FINISH ! /EXIT,MODEL PAGE PAGE 46題目二:地震位移譜分析

38、如圖所示為一板梁結(jié)構(gòu),試計(jì)算在Y方向地震位移譜作用下的構(gòu)件響應(yīng)情況。板梁結(jié)構(gòu)相關(guān)參數(shù)見下表所示。板梁結(jié)構(gòu)幾何參數(shù)和材料參數(shù)板厚度T/mm梁寬度B/mm梁高度H/mm梁截面面積S/mm2梁慣性矩IZZ/mm4梁慣性矩IYY/mm4彈性模量E/GPa泊松比密度Kg/m3234121692200.37800相應(yīng)譜頻率0.51.02.43.817182032位移1.00.50.80.71.00.70.80.3 板梁結(jié)構(gòu)圖 1.指定分析標(biāo)題3選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | File | Change Title,將彈出Change Title (修改標(biāo)題)對(duì)話框。4在Enter new tit

39、le (輸入新標(biāo)題)文本框中輸入文字“response analysis of a beam-shell structure”,為本分析實(shí)例的標(biāo)題名。2.定義單元類型1選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Element Type | Add/Edit/Delete,將彈出Element Types (單元類型定義)對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“ADD”按鈕。 2在左邊的滾動(dòng)框中單擊“Structural Shell”,選擇結(jié)構(gòu)殼單元類型。在右邊的滾動(dòng)框中單擊“Elastic 4node 63”,選擇4 節(jié)點(diǎn)彈性殼單元。在對(duì)話框中單擊“APPLY”按鈕,完成對(duì)這種單元的定

40、義。3接著繼續(xù)在Library of Element Types (單元類型庫)對(duì)話框的左邊滾動(dòng)框中單擊“Structural Beam”,在右邊的滾動(dòng)框中單擊“3D elastic 4”。單擊Element Types (單元類型定義)對(duì)話框中的“CLOSE“按鈕。3.定義單元實(shí)常數(shù)1選取菜單途徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Real Constants,將彈出Real Constants (實(shí)常數(shù)定義)對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“ADD”按鈕。2在選擇單元類型列表框中,單擊“Type 1 SHELL63”使其高亮度顯示,選擇第一類單元SHELL63。單擊 “OK”按鈕,

41、將彈出Real Constant Set Number1,for SHELL63。3在對(duì)話框中的Shell thickness at node I TK(I) (殼的厚度)文本框中輸入2E-3,定義板殼的厚度為2E-3 m。4其余參數(shù)保持缺省。單擊按鈕,關(guān)閉Real Constants Set Number 1,for SHELL63(單元SHELL63 的實(shí)常數(shù)定義)對(duì)話框。完成對(duì)單元SHELL63 實(shí)常數(shù)的定義。5重復(fù)步驟2 的過程,在彈出的Element Type for Real Constants (選擇定義實(shí)常數(shù)的單元類型)對(duì)話框的列表框中單擊“Type 2 BEAM4”。單擊按鈕

42、,將彈出Real Constant Set Number 2,for BEAM4對(duì)話框。6在對(duì)話框中的文本框中分別輸入下列數(shù)據(jù):AREA 為1.2E-5,IZZ 和IYY 分別為16E-12,9E-12, TKZ和TKY分別為3E-3,4E-3。7單擊“OK”,關(guān)閉Real Constant Set Number 2,for BEAM4對(duì)話框。關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。4.指定材料特性1選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Material Props | Material Models,將彈出Define Material Model Behavior對(duì)話框。2依次雙擊Stru

43、ctural, Linear ,Elastic 和Isotropic,將彈出1 號(hào)材料的彈性模量EX 和泊松比PRXY 的定義對(duì)話框。3在圖15.11 的EX文本框中輸入2.2E11,PRXY文本框中輸入0.3。定義材料的彈性模量為2.2E11 N/m2,泊松比為0.3。單擊“OK”關(guān)閉。4接著雙擊Density(見圖15.10),彈出Density for Material Number 1對(duì)話框。5在DENS文本框中輸入7.8E3,設(shè)定1 號(hào)材料密度為7.8E3 Kg/m3。單擊“OK”按鈕,完成密度定義。選取路徑Material | Exit,完成。6單擊ANSYS6.1 的ANSYS

44、Toolbar (工具條)上的“SAVE”按鈕,保存數(shù)據(jù)庫文件5.建立梁有限元模型1選取路徑路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create | Keypoints | In Active CS,將彈出Create Keypoints in Active Coordinate System對(duì)話框。2在對(duì)話框中,輸入Keypoint number (關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)號(hào))為1,X,Y,Z 位置分別為0,0,0。完成關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)1 的定義。3對(duì)下面的關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)及X,Y,Z 位置重復(fù)這一過程:關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)2:0,0,0.5關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)3:0,0,1.0關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)4:0,0,1.5輸入完最后一個(gè)

45、關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)后,單擊“OK”按鈕。圖形輸出窗口將顯示剛創(chuàng)建的各個(gè)關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)。4選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Pan ZoomRotate,將會(huì)彈出ANSYS6.1 提供的Pan-Zoom-Rotate (平移-縮放-轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng))對(duì)話框。5單擊對(duì)話框中的“BOT”按鈕,改變圖形輸出窗口中的視圖方向,以便看出建立的四個(gè)節(jié)點(diǎn)的位置。6選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Create | Lines | Lines | Straightline,將彈出Create Straight Line (創(chuàng)建直線)拾取對(duì)話框。7在圖形窗口中

46、單擊關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)1、2 創(chuàng)建直線L1。然后依次單擊關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)2、3 和關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)3、4,創(chuàng)建直線L2,L3。8選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Numbering,將彈出Plot Numbering Controls(序號(hào)顯示控制)對(duì)話框。9在Plot Numbering Controls (序號(hào)顯示控制)對(duì)話框中單擊Keypoint numbers 關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)序號(hào)()、Line numbers (線的序號(hào))和Area numbers (面的序號(hào))所對(duì)應(yīng)的復(fù)選框,使其變?yōu)椤癘n”,然后單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。10選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | Multi-

47、Plots,對(duì)圖形輸出窗口中的所建幾何模型根據(jù)前面的設(shè)置重新顯示。11選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Meshing |MeshTool,將彈出Mesh Tool (網(wǎng)格劃分工具)對(duì)話框。12單擊對(duì)話框中的單元屬性設(shè)置區(qū)中的下拉框中的Lines,選定設(shè)置對(duì)象為線。然后單擊右邊的“SET”按鈕,將彈出線屬性設(shè)置拾取對(duì)話框,單擊其中的“PICK ALL”按鈕。將會(huì)彈出Line Attributes (線單元屬性設(shè)置)對(duì)話框。13單擊對(duì)話框中的Material number (材料序號(hào))下拉框,Real constant set number (實(shí)常數(shù)序號(hào))和Ele

48、ment type number(單元序號(hào))下拉框,將其分別設(shè)置為:Material number 為1,Real constant set number 為2,Element type number 為2BEAM4。單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,完成對(duì)線單元屬性的設(shè)置。14在Mesh Tool (網(wǎng)格劃分工具)對(duì)話框中的Size Controls (尺寸控制)區(qū)中,單擊線單元的“SET”按鈕,將彈出Element Sizes on Picked Lines (選定線的單元尺寸定義) 拾取對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕,將彈出Element Sizes on Picke

49、d Lines (選定線的單元尺寸) 定義對(duì)話框。15在對(duì)話框中的No. of element divisions (分割單元數(shù))文本框中輸入“6”,定義在選定的每條線上將劃分6 個(gè)單元。單擊“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,完成對(duì)所選線單元尺寸的設(shè)置。16在網(wǎng)格劃分工具對(duì)話框中,單擊Mesh 下拉框中的Lines,選定分網(wǎng)對(duì)象是線。然后,單擊對(duì)話框中的“MESH”按鈕,將會(huì)彈出Lines Mesh (對(duì)創(chuàng)建的線進(jìn)行分網(wǎng))拾取對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕,選定所有創(chuàng)建的線進(jìn)行分網(wǎng)。17選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Copy |

50、Lines ,將彈出CopyLines (線拷貝)拾取對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕,選擇所有的線。將彈出Copy Lines(線拷貝)對(duì)話框。18在線拷貝對(duì)話框中的Y-offset in active CS (在激活坐標(biāo)系Y 方向平移量)文本框中輸入“0.5”,Items to be copied (拷貝項(xiàng)目)下拉框中選擇Lines and Mesh,設(shè)置拷貝項(xiàng)目為線及其網(wǎng)格。然后單擊對(duì)話框的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,對(duì)選定的線按照設(shè)置的值進(jìn)行拷貝。19重復(fù)操作步20,在彈出的線拷貝對(duì)話框中,刪掉Y-offset in active CS文本框中的“0.5”,在X-offset

51、 in active CS 文本框中輸入“0.5”。然后單擊對(duì)話框的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,對(duì)選定的線按照設(shè)置的值進(jìn)行拷貝20選擇菜單路徑Utility Menu | Select | Entities,將彈出Select Entities (實(shí)體選擇)對(duì)話框。21在對(duì)話框中最上面下拉框中單擊Lines 選項(xiàng),指定選擇對(duì)象為線。在接下來的下拉框中單擊By Location選項(xiàng),指定選擇方式為根據(jù)坐標(biāo)位置。單擊“X coordinates”單選按鈕,并在下面的Min,Max 文本框中輸入“0.5”,指定選擇對(duì)象位置為X 坐標(biāo)值為“0.5”的所有對(duì)象。單擊“From Full”單選按鈕,指定選取范

52、圍為全部。然后單擊“SELE ALL”按鈕,再單擊“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,完成選擇操作。22重復(fù)操作步20,在彈出的Copy Lines (線拷貝)對(duì)話框中單擊“OK”按鈕,保持其彈出時(shí)的缺省值并關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,對(duì)選定的線按照設(shè)置的值進(jìn)行拷貝。23選擇菜單路徑Utility Menu | Select | Everything,選擇模型中的所有元素。24選擇菜單路徑Utility Menu | Plot | Replot,對(duì)建立好的所有單元進(jìn)行顯示。6.建立板殼有限元模型1選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Numbering,在彈出的Plot Numbering C

53、ontrols(序號(hào)顯示控制)對(duì)話框中,單擊Line numbers (線的序號(hào))和Area numbers (面的序號(hào))所對(duì)應(yīng)的復(fù)選框,使其變?yōu)椤癘ff”。然后單擊Elem/ Attrib numbering 下拉框中的No numbering選項(xiàng),不顯示任何單元序號(hào)。僅保留Keypoint numbers (關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)序號(hào))的設(shè)置為“On”。最后單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。2選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | PlotCtrls | Viewing Direction,將會(huì)彈出ANSYS6.1 提供的Viewing Direction (觀察方向)對(duì)話框。3在對(duì)話框中的XV,Y

54、V,ZV Coords of view point (觀察點(diǎn)坐標(biāo)值)文本框中分別輸入:-0.5、-0.9、1,指定觀察點(diǎn)的坐標(biāo)。在Coord axis orientation (坐標(biāo)軸方向)下拉框中單擊“X-axisdown”。然后單擊對(duì)話框中的按鈕“OK”關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。4選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling |Create | Arbitrary | Through KPs,將彈出Create Area thru KPs(通過關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)創(chuàng)建面)拾取對(duì)話框。在圖形窗口中依次單擊關(guān)鍵點(diǎn):2,6,14 和10,然后單擊拾取對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。A

55、NSYS6.1 將會(huì)通過關(guān)鍵點(diǎn)2,6,14 和10 創(chuàng)建一個(gè)面。5選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Meshing |MeshTool,將彈出Mesh Tool (網(wǎng)格劃分工具)對(duì)話框。6單擊對(duì)話框中Element Attributes (單元屬性)下拉框中的“Global”,然后單擊下拉框右邊的“SET” 按鈕,將彈出單元屬性設(shè)置對(duì)話框。7單擊對(duì)話框中的Element type number (單元類型序號(hào))、Material number (材料序號(hào))下拉框、Real constant set number (實(shí)常數(shù)序號(hào))下拉框和Element coordi

56、nate sys (單元坐標(biāo)系),將其分別設(shè)置為:Element type number 為“1 SHELL63”,Material number 為“1”,Real constant set number 為“1”,Element coordinate sys 為“0”。然后單擊對(duì)話框中的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,完成對(duì)單元屬性的設(shè)置。8選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | Select | Everything Below | Selected Areas,對(duì)創(chuàng)建的面以及面上的線、點(diǎn)進(jìn)行選擇,作為顯示和操作對(duì)象。9在Mesh Tool (網(wǎng)格劃分工具)對(duì)話框中的Size Controls

57、 (尺寸控制)區(qū)中,單擊線單元的“SET”按鈕,將彈出Element Sizes on Picked Lines (選定線的單元尺寸定義) 拾取對(duì)話框,單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕。將彈出Element Sizes on Picked Lines (選定線的單元尺寸)。10在對(duì)話框中的No. of element divisions (單元分割數(shù))文本框中輸入“5”,然后單擊“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,完成對(duì)面上各邊的分網(wǎng)設(shè)置。11在網(wǎng)格劃分工具對(duì)話框中,單擊Mesh 下拉框中的“Areas”,選定分網(wǎng)對(duì)象是面。單擊Shape (形狀控制) 設(shè)置選項(xiàng):Quad 單選按鈕和Free 單選按

58、鈕。然后,單擊對(duì)話框中的“MESH”按鈕,將會(huì)彈出Areas Mesh (對(duì)選定的面進(jìn)行分網(wǎng))拾取對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕,選定所有創(chuàng)建的面進(jìn)行分網(wǎng)。單擊對(duì)話框中的“CLOSE”按鈕,關(guān)閉對(duì)話框。13選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | Select | Everything,選擇所有創(chuàng)建的模型作為操作對(duì)象。14選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | Plot | Replot,將所有建立的模型在圖形窗口中重新顯示。15選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor | Modeling | Copy | Areas ,將彈出CopyAreas (面拷

59、貝)拾取對(duì)話框。單擊對(duì)話框中的“PICK ALL”按鈕,選擇所有的面。將彈出Copy Areas(面拷貝)對(duì)話框。16在面拷貝對(duì)話框中的X-offset in active CS (激活坐標(biāo)系X 方向平移量)文本框中輸“0.5”,Items to be copied (拷貝項(xiàng)目)下拉框中選擇Areas and Mesh,設(shè)置拷貝項(xiàng)目為面及其網(wǎng)格。然后單擊對(duì)話框的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,對(duì)選定的面按照設(shè)置的值進(jìn)行拷貝。將完成的一層板殼有限元模型的建立。17重復(fù)操作步15,在彈出的面拷貝對(duì)話框中的Number of copies (拷貝份數(shù))文本框中輸入“3”。刪除X-offset in acti

60、ve CS (激活坐標(biāo)系X 方向平移量)文本框中的“0.5”,然后在Z-offset in active CS (激活坐標(biāo)系Z 方向平移量)文本框中輸入“0.5”。單擊對(duì)話框的“OK”按鈕關(guān)閉對(duì)話框,對(duì)選定的面按照設(shè)置的值進(jìn)行拷貝。ANSYS6.1 將完成的二、三層板殼有限元模型的建立。18選取菜單路徑Utility Menu | Plot | Multi-Plots,將建立的完整的梁-板殼有限元模型在圖形窗口中進(jìn)行顯示。19合并重復(fù)節(jié)點(diǎn),由于在模型建立時(shí)大量的運(yùn)用了模型拷貝功能,因此在某些位置產(chǎn)生了重復(fù)節(jié)點(diǎn)等元素,需要將其合并。選取菜單路徑Main Menu | Preprocessor |

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