【2】中考英語(yǔ)專(zhuān)項(xiàng)復(fù)習(xí) 冠詞

1、（二）冠詞01 命題趨勢(shì) 考標(biāo)導(dǎo)向化近幾年中考對(duì)冠詞的考查重點(diǎn)是不定冠詞a和an的區(qū)別，定冠詞及零冠詞。對(duì)冠詞的習(xí)慣用法的考查是主要考點(diǎn)之一，所以對(duì)此類(lèi)用法一定要熟記在心。另外在學(xué)習(xí)中，應(yīng)充分重視對(duì)最基本的冠詞知識(shí)的理解、掌握，同時(shí)注意冠詞活用的問(wèn)題。做題時(shí)要弄清句子中的單數(shù)名詞、復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞及泛指、特指等概念。預(yù)計(jì)年命題趨勢(shì)仍可能是定冠詞與不定冠詞的區(qū)別和冠詞的習(xí)慣用法。02 定義 概念清晰化冠詞是一種虛詞，不能在句子中作獨(dú)立成分，要用在名詞的前面，幫助說(shuō)明名詞所指的人或事物。它不能離開(kāi)名詞而單獨(dú)存在，因此，可以說(shuō)冠詞就是名詞的一種標(biāo)志。在英語(yǔ)中，冠詞分為不定冠詞(a和an)和定冠詞

2、(the)兩種：不定冠詞一般用于單數(shù)名詞前，表示泛指；定冠詞既可修飾可數(shù)名詞(單復(fù)數(shù)均可)，又可修飾不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指。03 知識(shí)歸類(lèi) 知識(shí)網(wǎng)絡(luò)化不定冠詞a(an)分類(lèi)圖解用法例子1.a用在輔音音素前，an用在元音音素前。This is a useful book.He is an honest boy.2.用于第一次提到的、表示人或物的可數(shù)的單數(shù)名詞前，表示“一個(gè)”，相當(dāng)于one。Here is a map of the United States.I have a story book.3.用在可數(shù)的、單數(shù)形式的普通名詞前，表示價(jià)格、速度、時(shí)間、頻率等度量上的“每一”等。An apple

3、 a day keeps the doctor away.We take computer lessons once a week.4.抽象名詞在某些情況下可以與不定冠詞連用，表示“一種、一場(chǎng)”等。Its a pleasure to have a chat with you.5.用在單數(shù)名詞前，表示一類(lèi)人或物中的任何一個(gè)。The sun is a star.A knife is used for cutting.6.用在序數(shù)詞前表示“又一、再一”等。He copied the article a third time.7.用于固定短語(yǔ)中。have a look, a lot of, have

4、a good time, a little, a few特例清單1.有些單詞雖然是以輔音字母開(kāi)頭，但使用不定冠詞an。如：hour和honest以輔音字母h開(kāi)頭，但h并不發(fā)音，因此用an。2.有些單詞雖然是以元音字母開(kāi)頭，但使用不定冠詞a。如：useful和university以元音字母u開(kāi)頭，但u發(fā)/音，故使用a。3.表示成套的東西時(shí)，兩個(gè)并列的名詞前只能用一個(gè)不定冠詞。如：a knife and fork一套刀叉a table and chair 一套桌椅4.不可數(shù)名詞前一般不用冠詞，但如果具體化，表示一個(gè)具體的情況、動(dòng)作或某一類(lèi)事物時(shí)，可以用不定冠詞a或an。如：Have a smoke

5、?抽支煙吧？No, thanks. I gave up smoking long time ago.不了，謝謝，我早戒了。Tom started at a walk but soon broke into a run.湯姆開(kāi)始時(shí)步行，但一會(huì)兒就奔跑起來(lái)了?！绢}組訓(xùn)練】( )1.(2014來(lái)賓)Would you like_ new blue T-shirt，Mary?Sorry，Mom. I prefer _ orange one.A.a;a B.a;anC.an;a D.an;an( )2.(2014曲靖)Have you seen the film Dad，Where Are We Goi

6、ng?Yes.Its _ interesting one.A.a B.anC.the D./( )3.(2014麗水)Mrs. Smith has _ 8-year-old daughter who has won two national painting prizes.A.a B.anC.the D.不填( )4.(2014重慶)I have _ English dictionary and it helps me a lot.A.a B.anC.the D./( )5.(2014鎮(zhèn)江)We can live a better life if we create _ less pollut

7、ed world.A.the B.anC.a D.不填定冠詞the分類(lèi)圖解用法例子1.用于談話雙方都清楚的名詞前，表示特指。Tom, come to the blackboard, please.2.用于再次被提到的名詞前。There is a book on the desk. The book is Toms.3.和一些名詞連用，表示類(lèi)別。The light bulb was invented by Edison.4.用于被形容詞、介詞短語(yǔ)或定語(yǔ)從句修飾的名詞前。Hand me the new book, please.5.用于形容詞的最高級(jí)或序數(shù)詞前。Tom is the tallest

8、 in our class.6.用在世界上獨(dú)一無(wú)二的事物或樂(lè)器前。the sun, the moon, play the piano7.用于姓氏的復(fù)數(shù)前表示“一家人”或“夫婦”。The Turners are at breakfast table.8.與某些形容詞連用表示一類(lèi)人或事物。The young should help the old.9.用于由普通名詞構(gòu)成的專(zhuān)有名詞前。the Great Wall, the United States10.用于一些固定短語(yǔ)中。by the way, in the end【題組訓(xùn)練】( )6.(2014永州)The little girl began

9、to play _ violin at the age of five.A.a B.the C.不填( )7.(2014十堰)Can you play _ guitar?Sure. Its a piece of cake for me.A.a B.anC.the D./( )8.(2014嘉興)Whats the matter with you?I cant remember where I parked _ car.A.a B.anC.the D.不填( )9.(2014淮安)Beijing is one of _ biggest cities in China.A.a B.anC.the

10、D./( )10.(2014威海)Mom，I like _ green T-shirt. Could you buy it for me？A.a B.anC.the D.不填不用冠詞的情況分類(lèi)圖解用法例子1.在專(zhuān)有名詞或不可數(shù)名詞前。Paper is made of wood.2.名詞前有指示代詞、物主代詞或不定代詞作定語(yǔ)。Go along this road.Every student likes English in our class.3.復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示一類(lèi)人或事物時(shí)。My parents are teachers.4.在節(jié)日、日期、月份、季節(jié)前。Today is Childrens Da

11、y.Its hot in summer.5.在一日三餐、球類(lèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)、學(xué)科的名詞前。He went to school without breakfast.Lets play football after school.6.在某些固定短語(yǔ)中。in bed, in hospital, on foot, at school特例清單1.如果三餐名詞之前有定語(yǔ)修飾時(shí)，可加不定冠詞。如：We had a wonderful lunch.我們吃了一頓很好的午餐。He gave me a good supper.他請(qǐng)我吃了一頓豐盛的晚餐。2.如果特指某頓飯時(shí)，可加定冠詞。如：The supper was dif

12、ferent from that one.這頓飯和那頓飯不同。How did you like the dinner they gave?你們覺(jué)得他們提供的飯?jiān)趺礃樱?.如果季節(jié)、月份或日期名詞被一個(gè)限定詞修飾時(shí)，前面可加定冠詞。如：He came to Beijing in the winter of 1999.他是1999年冬天來(lái)北京的。I bought the bike in the May of 2004.這輛自行車(chē)是我2004年的5月份買(mǎi)的。4.由festival組成的中國(guó)特有的節(jié)日前要加定冠詞the。如：the Spring Festival春節(jié)；the Lantern Festi

13、val 元宵節(jié)。5.某些短語(yǔ)中有無(wú)冠詞the，意義會(huì)大不相同。如：(1)go to school去上學(xué)；go to the school到(所指)的學(xué)校去(2)at table用餐，在吃飯；at the table在桌邊(3)in hospital生病住院；in the hospital 在醫(yī)院里(并非生病住院)(4)in front of在前面(范圍之外)；in the front of 在前部(范圍之內(nèi))(5)by sea(=by ship)乘船，走水路；by the sea 在海邊(6)in class在上課；in the class在班上(7)in place of替代；in the

14、place of 在地方【題組訓(xùn)練】( )11.(2014內(nèi)江)Would you like to come to my party this afternoon?Id like to，but my mother is ill in _ hospital，I will go to_ hospital to see her.A.不填;a B.a;theC.the；the D.不填;the( )12.(2014蘭州)She likes playing _ piano; her brother likes playing _ basketball.A.the;a B.a:theC./;the D.t

15、he;/( )13.(2014邵陽(yáng))The young man in a blue coat is my PE teacher. He often plays _basketball with us.A.the B.a C./( )14.(2014泰州)Lu Jailed，14，from _ Hangzhou Foreign Language School，won _ first place in the CCTV Character Spelling Contest(中國(guó)漢字聽(tīng)寫(xiě)大會(huì)).A./;the B.a;the C.a;a D./;a( )15.(2014廣東)Eric is not

16、going to Nanjing by _ plane. Instead，he is taking _ train.A./;a B.a;/ C.a;the D.the;a04 整合集訓(xùn) 反饋層級(jí)化( )1.David is from _ European country and he is _honest boy.A.a;a B.a;an C.an;a D.an;an( )2.Beijing is _ capital of China and it is _ city with many places of interest.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;a D.the;the( )

17、3.Would you like some dumplings for _ supper?But we just had dumplings on _ Tuesday.A.a;the B.the;a C.a;a D./;/( )4.What was Professor Wang doing at this time yesterday?She was giving her students _ lesson on _ history.A.a;/ B.a;an C.the;the D.the;a( )5. _Whites were watching TV when _ telephone ran

18、g.A.A;a B.A;the C.The;the D./;a( )6.Why did you laugh just now?Dad wanted to tell me _ very funny story, but he forgot _ end himself.A.a;an B.an;the C.the;a D.a;the( )7.How was _ dinner at Mikes house?It was great.Mikes mum is _wonderful cook.A.a;the B.the;a C.the;the D.a;an( )8.He has tried twice,

19、and he is asked to have _ third try.A.the B.a C.an D./( )9.Excuse me.Do you have any books about _ moon?Yes,they are on _ shelf over there.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D.the;the( )10.I like playing _ chess,while my brother is interested in listening to _ music.A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D.a;the( )11.There is

20、_ airport in our city,and it is _ first one in our province.A.a;the B.an;/ C.a;/ D.an;the( )12.Theres _ ball on the ground. Would you please pass _ ball to me?With pleasure.A.the;the B.the;aC.a;a D.a;the( )13.We have raised a lot of money for _ poor in our country.A.an B./ C.a D.the( )14.We usually

21、go to _ school on weekdays,and sometimes go to _cinema at weekends.A./;the B.the;theC.the;/ D./;/( )15.How long does it take us to go to your hometown from here?It takes you _ hour or more to go to my hometown by _ train.A.an;a B.a;a C.an;/ D.a;/( )16.Where are my shoes,Mum?Ive washed them for you.Y

22、ou have to wear _ different pair.A.the B.a C.an D./( )17.Look!There is _ useful book on the desk. _book must be Lucys.She left there just now.A.a;The B.the;TheC.an;The D.an;A( )18.Can Xie Xiaojun play _ piano?Yes.She can play a little. She has made _ decision to learn to play more music.A.the;the B.a;aC.a;an D.the;a( )19.I have got _ A for my English Mummy.Oh,boy,you have really given me _ pleasant surprise.A.an;/ B.an;a C.a;the D.a;/( )20.Many young people are interested in _ secrets behind L