初中英語語法句子成分-英語中的句子成分課件

1、句子成分2022/9/30句子成分2022/9/27句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、 定語、狀語、補(bǔ)語等。主要成分：主語和謂語主語 一個(gè)句子中需要加以說明或描述的對(duì)象。主語的位置： 一般位于句首，由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞或相當(dāng)于名詞的詞、短語等充當(dāng)。2022/9/30句子成分：主語、謂語、賓語、表語、主語2022/9/27The school is far from here.She goes to school by bike.Eight is a lucky number.The blind need more help.There is a pen on the desk.Predictin

2、g the future is interesting.To be a doctor is my dream.名詞做主語代詞做主語數(shù)詞做主語名詞化的形容詞做主語名詞做主語動(dòng)名詞做主語不定式短語做主語2022/9/30The school is far from here.Sh謂語表示人或事物(主語)的動(dòng)作和存在的狀態(tài).英語中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞句子的時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)是通過謂語表現(xiàn)出來。 謂語動(dòng)詞往往由一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上的助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞加上主要?jiǎng)釉~構(gòu)成。2022/9/30謂語英語中由動(dòng)詞be、動(dòng)詞have和行為動(dòng)詞來充當(dāng)謂語動(dòng)詞 Mr. Li teaches English.

3、He can play the piano.My parents and I are having dinner.主語主語主語謂語謂語謂語分析句子的主語和謂語2022/9/30Mr. Li teaches English.He can 謂語表語謂語謂語表語用來說明主語的身份、特征、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)。表語的位置用在動(dòng)詞be和系動(dòng)詞的后面。名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副詞等都可以和連系動(dòng)詞一起構(gòu)成復(fù)合謂語。Your pen is on the desk.He got very angry.主語主語表語My dream is to have a robot.主語表語2022/9/30謂語表語謂語謂語表語表

4、語的位置名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、介詞短語、副常見的系動(dòng)詞1. be動(dòng)詞2. 與感覺有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞 look, sound, smell, taste, feel 等3. 表示狀態(tài)變化的動(dòng)詞，意為“變得” “變成” 如 get, grow, turn等上述兩類詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作表語,千萬不能用副詞。2022/9/30常見的系動(dòng)詞1. be動(dòng)詞上述兩類詞作連系動(dòng)詞時(shí)要用形容詞作 是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。及物動(dòng)詞必須跟賓語.及物動(dòng)詞:直接接賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞.不及物動(dòng)詞:不能直接帶賓語的謂語動(dòng)詞. 賓語可由名詞、代詞、數(shù)詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞、從句構(gòu)成.I saw a plane in the sky just

5、 now.I want three.I like going shopping.We think predicting the future is hard.賓語從句動(dòng)名詞做賓語名詞做賓語數(shù)詞做賓語賓語2022/9/30 是動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者。及物動(dòng)詞必須賓主賓賓語補(bǔ)足語（賓補(bǔ)） 有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)賓語之外, 還須加上一個(gè)補(bǔ)足語。如果沒有補(bǔ)足語(賓補(bǔ)), 有時(shí)候句子的意思就不完整。充當(dāng)賓補(bǔ)的有:1. 形容詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語The sun keeps us warm.主謂賓補(bǔ)2. 介詞短語作賓語補(bǔ)足語: I found her in the room.謂賓補(bǔ)2022/9/30賓主賓賓語補(bǔ)足語（

6、賓補(bǔ)） 有些及物動(dòng)詞除了要有一個(gè)3. 副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。 Please let him in.賓補(bǔ)4. 名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。We made him monitor of the class.賓補(bǔ)2022/9/303. 副詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓補(bǔ)4. 名詞作賓語補(bǔ)足語。賓補(bǔ)20定語定語修飾名詞或代詞(即在漢語里的的)1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)放在后面) They have a clever son. I have something important to tell you.2. 名詞作定語: Is it a color film?名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式, 如:sch

7、ool bus,ticket office, paper flowers但也有例外,如: sports meeting, clothes shop2022/9/30定語1. 形容詞作定語(一般放在被修飾語之前,修飾不定代詞時(shí)man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形式作定語,如: men drivers , women doctors3. 代詞作定語: This song is better than that one.4. 數(shù)詞作定語: There are only thirty students in our class.帶有數(shù)字的復(fù)合形容詞.當(dāng)復(fù)合形容詞用連字號(hào)連接時(shí),

8、其中的名詞要用單數(shù)形式.a two-day holiday a three-year-old boy2022/9/30man 和 woman修飾的名詞如果是復(fù)數(shù),它們總以復(fù)數(shù)的形5. 副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):Do you know the young man over there?6. 介詞短語作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):The students in our class like swimming.2022/9/305. 副詞作定語(放在被修飾詞之后):6. 介詞短語作定語(狀語 修飾動(dòng)詞,形容詞或副詞,有的修飾全句, 用以說明地點(diǎn), 時(shí)間, 方式, 程度, 原因, 目的, 結(jié)果,

9、條件, 讓步等.1. 副詞作狀語: The old man is walking slowly. The boy is very clever.表方式表程度2. 介詞短語作狀語: I have lived in Shanghai for five years.3. 不定式作狀語I come here to see you.表目的表時(shí)間2022/9/30狀語1. 副詞作狀語:表方式表程度2. 介詞短語作狀語:3.4. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語The teacher came in, holding a book in his hand.表方式5. 狀語從句Well go shopping if it do

10、esnt rain tomorrow.2022/9/304. 現(xiàn)在分詞作狀語The teacher came in,狀語的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。We like our school very much.2.為了強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語,可以把它放在句首.I usually get up at six, but this morning I got up at eight.3. 表頻度的副詞通常用于句中, 如always, usually, often, hardly, never,用于行為動(dòng)詞前,be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞和情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后I usually get up early.He is often la

11、te.2022/9/30狀語的位置1. 在一般情況下,用于句末。We like ou一些副詞, 如already, once, just, soon, yet, still, nearly, almost, really, suddenly, certainly等用法相似sometimes, now可以位于句首,句中或句末only 在句中的位置比較靈活, 但位置不同, 意義也不同.The actor only sang a song.Only the actor sang a song.The actor sang only one song.2022/9/30一些副詞, 如already,

12、once, just, so兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序1. 地點(diǎn)狀語在前, 時(shí)間狀語在后. We will have a meeting in Room 202tomorrow.2. 較小單位的狀語在前,由小到大 Mr. Li lives at 88 Chongwen Rd., Suzhou, Jiangsu.3. 一個(gè)句子有幾個(gè)不同種類的副詞作狀語, 其順序大都是: 程度副詞,方式副詞, 地點(diǎn)副詞, 時(shí)間副詞She sang very well at the meeting last night.2022/9/30兩個(gè)或多個(gè)狀語同時(shí)修飾時(shí)的順序She sang very w時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語

13、也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫Usually I read the newspapers in the morning, but yesterday I read them in the evening.2022/9/30時(shí)間和地點(diǎn)狀語也可以位于句首, 表示強(qiáng)調(diào)或使上下文更為連貫U請(qǐng)標(biāo)出下列句子的成分。1. We waited for him until eight oclock.3.The second term begins on February 28.4.We find the story very interesting.5. She bought me a nice

14、pen as birthday gift.主主主主謂謂謂謂2.When spring comes, leaves turn green.賓賓間賓直賓時(shí)間狀語主主謂謂時(shí)間狀語從句時(shí)間狀語賓補(bǔ)狀定定定表目的狀語2022/9/30請(qǐng)標(biāo)出下列句子的成分。1. We waited for hi句 子 的 種 類2022/9/30句 子 的 種 類2022/9/27句子是具有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)應(yīng)該獨(dú)立完整意義的語言單位.結(jié)構(gòu):簡(jiǎn)單句,并列句, 復(fù)合句分類用途:陳述句,疑問句,祈使句, 感嘆句.2022/9/30句子是具有一定的語法結(jié)構(gòu),表達(dá)應(yīng)該獨(dú)立完整意義的語言單位.結(jié) We read English

15、every day. Father and I are watching the football match. He lived and worked here for ten years. Wang Wei and his sister got on a bus and found two seats.簡(jiǎn)單句:只有一個(gè)主語(或并列主語)和一個(gè)謂 語(或并列謂語的句子。主謂賓主謂賓主謂主謂賓謂賓2022/9/30 We read English every day.簡(jiǎn)單句1. 主語+ 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(SVP)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句型I am an actor.2. 主語 + 不及物動(dòng)詞(SV

16、i)They are running.3. 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語(SVO)She can speak English.4. 主語+及物動(dòng)詞+間賓+直賓(SVInO+DO)She teaches us English.5. 主語 + 及物動(dòng)詞 + 賓語 + 賓補(bǔ)(SVOC)The news made her unhappy.2022/9/301. 主語+ 連系動(dòng)詞 + 表語(SVP)簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本句判斷下列簡(jiǎn)單句的類型。1. We made him our group leader.2. I cant watch TV now.3. Who gave you that book?4.

17、It tasted wonderful.5. We all study hard.6. We must keep our classroom clean.7. The bus is coming.(SVP)(SVOC)(SVO)(SV+InO+DO)(SVi)(SVOC)(SVi)2022/9/30判斷下列簡(jiǎn)單句的類型。1. We made him our 由并列連接詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子.并列句簡(jiǎn)單句只包含有一套主謂結(jié)構(gòu)。并列句則包含有兩套或兩套以上的主謂結(jié)構(gòu),被連接的簡(jiǎn)單句在意義上有聯(lián)系, 但在語法結(jié)構(gòu)上互不從屬。I help her.(簡(jiǎn)單句)She helps m

18、e. (簡(jiǎn)單句)I help her and she helps me. (并列句)2022/9/30由并列連接詞把兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上的簡(jiǎn)單句連在一起構(gòu)成的句子.并列不同的并列連詞用以表示并列句中各分句間的不同關(guān)系1. and (和,而且)表示并列,遞進(jìn)關(guān)系.2. but(但是), 表示轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系3. or(否則,或者)表示轉(zhuǎn)折、選擇關(guān)系4. so(所以)，for(因?yàn)?表示因果關(guān)系2022/9/30不同的并列連詞用以表示并列句中各分句間的不同關(guān)系2022/9復(fù)合句有一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上 的從句組成的句子。(句中有句)主語從句賓語從句表語從句定語從句狀語從句由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主語的主語由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主句的賓語由一個(gè)句子充當(dāng)主句的表語由一個(gè)句子充