2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)96

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-湖南農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大?。╊}型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Asfifteen-year-oldPerryshuffledintomyoffice,withhisparentstrailingtentativelybehind,heglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.Althoughanorexia(厭食癥)isadisordermostoftenassociatedwithgirls,PerrywasthethirdinalineofanorexicboysIhadrecentlyseen.

Perryrefusedtoeatwithhisfamily,alwaysclaiminghewasn’thungryatthetimeandthathepreferredtoeatlaterinhisroom.Newmenus,gentleencouragement,veiledthreats,nagging,andoutrightbribeshadallbeentried,tonoavail.Whywouldanotherwisehealthyfifteen-year-oldboybestarvinghimself?Thequestionhungurgentlyintheairaswealltalked.

Let’sbeclearfromtheoutset:Perrywasasmart,goodkid,shy,unassuming,andgenerallyunlikelytocausetrouble.HewasgettingstraightA’sinachallengingandcompetitivepublicschoolhonorscurriculumthatspring.Andhelatertoldmethathehadn’tgottenaBonhisreportcardsincefourthgrade,insomewayshewaseveryparent’sdreamchild.

Butbeneathhisacademicsuccess,Perryfacedaworldoftroubles.OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.“Ihatewakingupinthemorningbecausethere’sallthisstuffIhavetodo,”hesaid.“Ijustkeepmakinglistsofthingstodoandcheckingthemoffeachday.Notjustschoolwork,butextracurricularactivities,soIcangetintoagoodcollege.”

Perrywasgiftedenoughtojumpthroughtheacademichoopsthathadbeensetforhim,butitfeltlikelittlemorethanhoop-jumping,andthisateathim.Butthatwasn’thisonlyproblem.

Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents,asaremostoftheyoungpeoplewesee.Butintheireffortstonurtureandsupporthim,hisparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.Overtime,theyhadtakenonallhishouseholdchores,inordertoleavehimmoretimeforschoolworkandactivities.“That’shistoppriority,”theysaidalmostinunisonwhenIaskedaboutthis.AlthoughremovingthechoresfromPerry’splategavehimabitmoretime,itultimatelylefthimfeelingevenmoreuselessandtense.Heneverreallydidanythingforanyoneexceptsuckuptheirtimeandmoney,andheknewit.Andifhethoughtaboutbackingoffonhisschoolworkwell,lookhowmuchhisparentswerepouringintomakingitgowell.Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.

1.Thispassageisnarratedfromthepointofviewof________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,Perry’stwobiggestproblemswere________.

3.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

4.Theword“inadvertently”(Para.6)mostnearlymeans“________”.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.aprofessorstudyingtheeffectsofovereatingonyoungmales

B.aconcernedtherapistwhoworkswithstrugglingyoungadults

C.adoctorwhotreatseating,compulsiveandsleepingdisorders

D.acollegestudentworkingonathesisabouteatingdisorders

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.beinganunhappyachieverandtheaddedmentalstrainfromhisparents

B.hispoorattitudetowardschoolandhisfeelingofwastingtimeandmoney

C.hisfuryandguilt

D.drugabuseandconflictwithinhisfamily

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.analyzepossiblereasonswhyayoungpersonmayhaveaneatingdisorder

B.compareoneyoungperson’sspecialproblemstothoseofatypicalteenager

C.relateanemotionalreactiontotheshockofaneatingdisorder

D.explainhowtoday’syouthoftendevelopeatingdisorders

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.steadily

B.incrementally

C.mistakenly

D.surreptitiously

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第一句…h(huán)eglancedatmewithastrainedneutralexpressionthatI’dfoundusuallymaskedeithergreatangerorgreatdistress;inPerry’scaseitwasboth.（……他帶著一種緊張的、不露聲色的表情看了我一眼，我發(fā)現(xiàn)這種表情通常要么掩蓋著巨大的憤怒，要么掩蓋著巨大的痛苦；在佩里的案例中，兩者都是。）最后一段最后一句話Sandwichedbetweenfuryandguilt,Perryhadliterallybeguntowither.（在憤怒和內(nèi)疚的夾縫中，佩里已經(jīng)開(kāi)始變得虛弱了。）由此判斷答案選B“一位治療處于困境的年輕人的專(zhuān)家”。C選項(xiàng)“治療飲食睡眠不規(guī)律的醫(yī)生”；D選項(xiàng)“在寫(xiě)關(guān)于飲食不規(guī)律論文的大學(xué)生”文章沒(méi)有提及。A選項(xiàng)“研究男性暴飲暴食相關(guān)影響的專(zhuān)家”，作者是治療厭食癥的醫(yī)生，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到OnebigproblemwasthatwhilePerrywasastrongachiever,hewasnotatallahappyone.（有一個(gè)問(wèn)題就是雖然佩里是一個(gè)贏家獲得了很多成就，但他一點(diǎn)也不快樂(lè)。）最后一段第二句…h(huán)isparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母無(wú)意中增加了他的精神負(fù)擔(dān)。）所以這題選A選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)不開(kāi)心的贏家和來(lái)自父母的精神壓力”。B選項(xiàng)“他對(duì)待學(xué)校的消極態(tài)度以及浪費(fèi)時(shí)間和金錢(qián)的感覺(jué)”和D選項(xiàng)“延誤濫用和家庭矛盾”文章沒(méi)有提及；C選項(xiàng)“憤怒和愧疚”這個(gè)是佩里的兩種情緒并不是佩里的問(wèn)題所在。

第3題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“分析為什么一個(gè)年輕人有進(jìn)食障礙”。B選項(xiàng)“比較讓一個(gè)年輕人的特殊情況與那些普通年輕人的特殊情況相比較”；C選項(xiàng)“把情緒反應(yīng)和進(jìn)食障礙帶來(lái)的沖擊聯(lián)系起來(lái)”D選項(xiàng)“解釋為什么今天的年輕人經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)進(jìn)食障礙”。整篇文章都在分析佩里的癥狀出現(xiàn)的原因并沒(méi)有和其他年輕人做比較，所以答案選A。

第4題:詞匯推斷題。A選項(xiàng)“漸漸地”；B選項(xiàng)“遞增地”；C選項(xiàng)“錯(cuò)誤地”；D選項(xiàng)“偷偷地，秘密地”。定位到最后一段第一句話Perrywaswell-lovedbyhisparents（佩里被自己的父母深切地?zé)釔?ài)著）和最后一段二句話…h(huán)isparentsinadvertentlyincreasedhismentalstrain.（他的父母無(wú)意中增加了他的精神負(fù)擔(dān)），從這里可知，佩里的父母是愛(ài)自己的孩子的，不會(huì)故意在佩里狀態(tài)已經(jīng)很不好的時(shí)候來(lái)增加佩里的負(fù)擔(dān)，所以答案應(yīng)該選C。

2.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth（

）.

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：科學(xué)小組推薦的指南可以用于……。A選項(xiàng)“收集關(guān)于各種治療方法的潛在有用信息”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究”；C選項(xiàng)“確定SARS的治療方法”；D選項(xiàng)“發(fā)布有關(guān)SARS的所有信息”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.（上周五，世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組向醫(yī)生推薦了對(duì)SARS患者進(jìn)行臨床研究的指導(dǎo)方針。）由此可知選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章，解釋SARS的某些治療結(jié)果是很難的，因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“病人在不同的國(guó)家”；B選項(xiàng)“患者在不同的環(huán)境下服用藥物”；C選項(xiàng)“患者處于不同的疾病階段”；D選項(xiàng)“這些條件沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制情況”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.（在今年早些時(shí)候的疫情中，在不同的環(huán)境和國(guó)家，在緊急情況下，為不同階段的患者提供……各種治療。這些情況——通常沒(méi)有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測(cè)量或控制的情況——使得解釋結(jié)果變得困難），由此答案選D，其他選項(xiàng)是來(lái)描述在什么情況下患者接受了什么樣的治療，不是結(jié)果難以解釋的原因。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)醫(yī)生所說(shuō)，兩種導(dǎo)致病人有呼吸困難的治療SARS的方法都……。A選項(xiàng)“有感染醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；B選項(xiàng)“對(duì)有呼吸困難的病人有效”；C選項(xiàng)“不要冒將病毒傳染給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)”；D選項(xiàng)“證明有效，沒(méi)有造成傷害”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees（兩者都有將病毒傳播給醫(yī)院?jiǎn)T工的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)），因此答案選A。

第4題:【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官員馬戴爾博士所說(shuō)，這份指導(dǎo)方針很靈活因?yàn)椤?。A選項(xiàng)“SARS將在貧窮國(guó)家重新出現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典會(huì)在什么地方、什么時(shí)候、在什么情況下卷土重來(lái)”；C選項(xiàng)“非典不會(huì)出現(xiàn)在發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家”；D選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有人知道非典是否會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段第三句話Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.（馬戴爾博士說(shuō)，他們是靈活的，因?yàn)闆](méi)人知道非典會(huì)在什么時(shí)候、在什么地方卷土重來(lái)。），所以答案選B。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“SARS，一個(gè)可怕的病毒”；B選項(xiàng)“治療SARS沒(méi)有好的方法”；C選項(xiàng)“SARS總有一天會(huì)卷土重來(lái)”；D選項(xiàng)“健康小組推薦新的SARS指南”根據(jù)第一段第一句話和最后一段第一句話AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…（由世界衛(wèi)生組織召集的一個(gè)科學(xué)小組建議的指導(dǎo)方針……）和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…（該小組還贊同指導(dǎo)方針……）可知全文圍繞的主題是指導(dǎo)方針，而不是如何治療SARS，所以答案選D。

3.單選題

Nomatterhowangryhewas,hewouldnever（

）toviolence.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.resolve

B.resign

C.exert

D.resort

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)“決心做，溶解”；B選項(xiàng)“離職，委托”；C選項(xiàng)“運(yùn)用，施加影響”；D選項(xiàng)“憑借，訴諸”。句意：無(wú)論他有多生氣，他都絕不會(huì)（）武力。這里根據(jù)句子，詞義應(yīng)該選訴諸，所以答案選D。

4.單選題

________canbeseenfromthecomparisonofthesefigures,theprincipleinvolvestheactiveparticipationofthepatientinthemodificationofhiscondition.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.What

C.That

D.It

【答案】A

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：（）從這些數(shù)字的比較可以看出，其原理涉及到病人積極參與病情的改善。兩個(gè)句子之間缺少連詞，所以不能只單獨(dú)加主語(yǔ)，此句是非限制性定語(yǔ)從句。根據(jù)句意as引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句來(lái)修飾整個(gè)主句最合適，所以答案選A。what和that都不能引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，所以B，C不選。

5.單選題

（

）inanatmosphereofsimplelivingwaswhatherparentswishedfor.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thegirl’sbeingeducated

B.Thegirltobeeducated

C.Thegirlbeingeducated

D.Thegirlhavingbeeneducated

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)。題干的中inanatmosphereofsimpleliving作地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)，what引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句作從句的賓語(yǔ)，題干中是缺主語(yǔ)。B、C、D的主語(yǔ)都是thegirl，句子意思是在單純環(huán)境下接受教育的女孩是父母想要的，但是句子的本意應(yīng)該是女孩生活在單純的環(huán)境下接受教育是父母想要的，所以答案只能選A。

6.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Inthe1950s,thepioneersofartificialintelligence(AI)predictedthat,bytheendofthiscentury,computerswouldbeconversingwithusatworkandrobotswouldbeperformingourhousework.Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.

AgrowinggroupofAIresearchersthinktheyknowwherethefieldwentwrong.Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.Manyoftheseresearchersstudyevolutionandnaturaladaptationinsteadofformallogicandconventionalcomputerprograms.Ratherthandigitalcomputersandtransistors,somewanttoworkwithbraincellsandproteins.Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield.

Imitatingthebrain’sneural(神經(jīng)的)networkisahugestepintherightdirection,sayscomputerscientistandbiophysicistMichaelConrad,butitstillmissesanimportantaspectofnaturalintelligence.“Peopletendtotreatthebrainasifitweremadeupofcolor-codedtransistors”,heexplains,“butit’snotsimplyaclevernetworkofswitches.Therearelotsofimportantthingsgoingoninsidethebraincellsthemselves.”Specifically,Conradbelievesthatmanyofthebrain’scapabilitiesstemfromthepatternrecognitionproficiencyoftheindividualmoleculesthatmakeupeachbraincell.Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills.

Rightnow,thenotionthatconventionalcomputersandsoftwarearefundamentallyincapableofmatchingtheprocessesthattakeplaceinbrainremainscontroversial.Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.

1.Theauthorsaysthatthepowerfulcomputersoftoday（

）.

2.Thenewtrendinartificialintelligenceresearchstemsfrom（

）.

3.ConradandhisgroupofAIresearchershavebeenmakingenormouseffortsto（

）.

4.What’stheauthor’sopinionaboutthenewAImovement?

5.Whichofthefollowingisclosetinmeaningtotheunderlinedphrase“theonlygameintown”(Line3,Para.4)?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arecapableofreliablyrecognizingtheshapeofanobject

B.areclosetoexhibitinghumanlikebehavior

C.arenotverydifferentintheirperformancefromthoseofthe50’s

D.stillcannotcommunicatewithpeopleinahumanlanguage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theshiftofthefocusofstudytotherecognitionoftheshapesofobjects

B.thebeliefthathumanintelligencecannotbeduplicatedwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms

C.theaspirationsofscientiststoduplicatetheintelligenceofaten-month-oldchild

D.theeffortsmadebyscientistsinthestudyofthesimilaritiesbetweentransistorsandbraincells

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.findaroundaboutwaytodesignpowerfulcomputers

B.buildacomputerusingaclevernetworkofswitches

C.findouthowintelligencedevelopinnature

D.separatethehighestandmostabstractlevelsofthought

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Ithascreatedasensationamongartificialintelligenceresearchersbutwillsoondieout.

B.It’sabreakthroughinduplicatinghumanthoughtprocesses.

C.It’smorelikeapeculiargameratherthanarealscientificeffort.

D.Itmayprovetobeintherightdirectionthoughnobodyissureofitsfutureprospects.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlyapproachtobuildinganartificiallyintelligentcomputer.

B.Theonlywayforthemtowinaprizeinartificialintelligenceresearch.

C.Theonlyareaworthstudyingincomputerscience.

D.Theonlygametheywouldliketoplayintown.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：作者說(shuō)當(dāng)今強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)……A選項(xiàng)“能夠可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀”；B選項(xiàng)“接近人類(lèi)行為的表現(xiàn)”；C選項(xiàng)“他們的表現(xiàn)和50年代的沒(méi)有什么不同”；D選項(xiàng)“仍然不能用人類(lèi)的語(yǔ)言與人交流”。根據(jù)題干定位到第一段第二三句話：Butasusefulascomputersare,they’renowhereclosetoachievinganythingremotelyresemblingtheseearlyaspirationsforhumanlikebehavior.Nevermindsomethingascomplexasconversation:themostpowerfulcomputersstruggletoreliablyrecognizetheshapeofanobject,themostelementaryoftasksforaten-month-oldkid.（盡管計(jì)算機(jī)很有用，但是它們離實(shí)現(xiàn)類(lèi)似人類(lèi)行為這一早期愿望還差得很遠(yuǎn)，更別提像對(duì)話這樣復(fù)雜的事情了：最強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)也很難可靠地識(shí)別物體的形狀，然而這對(duì)一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子來(lái)說(shuō)是最基本的任務(wù)。），從這句可以看出，選項(xiàng)A、B錯(cuò)誤，答案選D；選項(xiàng)C文章沒(méi)有提及。

第2題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：人工智能研究的新趨勢(shì)源于……。A選項(xiàng)“研究的重點(diǎn)轉(zhuǎn)向?qū)ξ矬w形狀的識(shí)別”；B選項(xiàng)“相信人類(lèi)的智慧不能被邏輯上的、按部遞進(jìn)的程序所復(fù)制”；C選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們渴望復(fù)制一個(gè)10個(gè)月大的孩子的智力”；D選項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家們?cè)谘芯烤w管和腦細(xì)胞之間相似性方面所做的努力”。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二三句話Theproblem,thescientistssay,isthatAIhasbeentryingtoseparatethehighest,mostabstractlevelsofthought,likelanguageandmathematics,andtoduplicatethemwithlogical,step-by-stepprograms.AnewmovementinAI,ontheotherhand,takesacloserlookatthemoreroundaboutwayinwhichnaturecameupwithintelligence.（科學(xué)家們表示，問(wèn)題在于，人工智能一直在試圖分離語(yǔ)言和數(shù)學(xué)等最高、最抽象的思維層次，并用邏輯的、循序漸進(jìn)的程序來(lái)復(fù)制它們。另一方面，人工智能領(lǐng)域的一項(xiàng)新運(yùn)動(dòng)更深入地探討了自然與智能之間的間接聯(lián)系），從這句可以看出科學(xué)家指出問(wèn)題在于人們一直在用看似有邏輯的步驟來(lái)復(fù)制抽象的思維，但其實(shí)這樣是行不通的，所以答案選B；A、C選項(xiàng)只是對(duì)文章內(nèi)容的拼接，不是問(wèn)題所在；D選項(xiàng)文章沒(méi)有提及。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干：康拉德和他的人工智能研究小組一直在努力……。A選項(xiàng)“找到一個(gè)迂回的方法來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)功能強(qiáng)大的計(jì)算機(jī)”；B選項(xiàng)“用一個(gè)巧妙的交換機(jī)網(wǎng)絡(luò)構(gòu)建一臺(tái)計(jì)算機(jī)”；C選項(xiàng)“了解智能實(shí)際上是如何發(fā)展的”；D選項(xiàng)“將思維的最高層次和最抽象的層次分開(kāi)”。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到原文第三段第一句“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)家兼生物物理學(xué)家邁克爾?康拉德（MichaelConrad）說(shuō)，模仿大腦的神經(jīng)網(wǎng)絡(luò)（Imitatingthebrain’sneuralnetwork）是朝著正確方向邁出的一大步，但它仍然忽略了自然智能（naturalintelligence）的一個(gè)重要方面?！?，通過(guò)這一句話可以看出，康拉德所做的內(nèi)容是人工智能和自然智能之間的關(guān)系，康拉德贊同人工智能取得進(jìn)步的想法，但是他同時(shí)認(rèn)為不能忽略自然智能的某一方面。再結(jié)合第三段最后兩句“具體來(lái)說(shuō)，康拉德認(rèn)為，大腦的許多能力都源于構(gòu)成每個(gè)腦細(xì)胞（eachbraincell）的單個(gè)分子的模式識(shí)別能力。他聲稱(chēng)，制造人工智能設(shè)備的最佳方法是圍繞同樣的分子技能（thesamesortofmolecularskills）來(lái)制造?！笨芍道乱恢痹谂α私獯竽X本身是如何運(yùn)作的，再用于人工智能中，因此C選項(xiàng)正確。ABD三項(xiàng)都不符合題干，排除。

第4題:作者意圖題。A選項(xiàng)“它在人工智能研究人員中引起了轟動(dòng)，但很快就會(huì)消失”；B選項(xiàng)“這是在復(fù)制人類(lèi)思維過(guò)程方面的一個(gè)突破”；C選項(xiàng)“這更像是一個(gè)奇特的游戲，而不是真正的科學(xué)努力”；D選項(xiàng)“它可能被證明是在正確的方向上，盡管沒(méi)有人能確定它的未來(lái)前景”。定位到文章第二段最后一句話Theresultsoftheseearlyeffortsareaspromisingastheyarepeculiar,andthenewnature-basedAImovementisslowlybutsurelymovingtotheforefrontofthefield（這些早期努力的成果既有希望，也有獨(dú)特之處，新的基于自然的人工智能運(yùn)動(dòng)正在緩慢但肯定地走向該領(lǐng)域的前沿），從這里可知答案選D，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第5題:語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。A選項(xiàng)：“這是制造人工智能計(jì)算機(jī)的唯一途徑”；B選項(xiàng)“這是他們贏得人工智能研究獎(jiǎng)的唯一途徑”；C選項(xiàng)“計(jì)算機(jī)科學(xué)中唯一值得學(xué)習(xí)的領(lǐng)域”；D選項(xiàng)“他們?cè)诔抢镂ㄒ幌胪娴挠螒颉?。第四段最后一句：Butifitprovestrue,thentheeffortsofConradandhisfellowAIrebelscouldturnouttobetheonlygameintown.（但如果這是真的，那么康拉德和他的人工智能伙伴們的努力可能會(huì)成為（））然后定位到第三段最后一句：Thebestwaytobuildanartificiallyintelligentdevice,heclaims,wouldbetobuilditaroundthesamesortofmolecularskills（他（康拉德）聲稱(chēng)，建造人工智能設(shè)備的最好方法是圍繞同樣的分子技術(shù)來(lái)建造），從這里可以看出來(lái)康拉德另辟蹊徑的目的是為了建造人工智能，如果康拉德及其團(tuán)隊(duì)的道路是正確的話那么這會(huì)是通往城市唯一的游戲，由此可以推測(cè)通往城市的唯一游戲是指建造人工智能唯一的方法，所以A選項(xiàng)正確，其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

7.單選題

（

）,theywouldbehappy.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Iftheywillgetmarried

B.Havetheygotmarried

C.Weretheytogetmarried

D.Theygetmarried

【答案】C

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣的倒裝。句意：（），他們將會(huì)開(kāi)心。選D選項(xiàng)會(huì)導(dǎo)致兩個(gè)句子中間沒(méi)有連詞連接造成語(yǔ)法錯(cuò)誤。選A選項(xiàng)就是看作if引導(dǎo)的真實(shí)條件句，但是兩邊句子的時(shí)態(tài)不一致，所以也不選。虛擬條件句中含有were，had，would等動(dòng)詞時(shí)，可以將if省略，然后將were，had，would等詞移至句首。根據(jù)后面主句的時(shí)態(tài)，這是對(duì)現(xiàn)在或者將來(lái)的假設(shè)，所以B選項(xiàng)不選，這是對(duì)過(guò)去的假設(shè)；所以答案選C。

8.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots(hotspot:aplaceintheuppermantleoftheearthatwhichhotmagmafromthelowermantleupwellstomeltthroughthecrustusuallyintheinteriorofatectonicplatetoformavolcanicfeature;alsoaplaceinthecrustoverlyingahotspot).Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.

Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains—theAustralRidgeandtheTuamotuRidge—paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain;theyarealsoalignedfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,withthemostrecentvolcanicactivityneartheireasternterminuses.

ThatthePacificplateandtheotherplatesaremovingisnowbeyonddispute;therelativemotionoftheplateshasbeenreconstructedindetail.HowevertherelativemotionoftheplateswithrespecttotheEarth’sinteriorcannotbedeterminedeasily.Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionofwhethertwocontinentalplatesaremovinginoppositedirectionsorwhetheroneisstationaryandtheotherisdriftingawayfromit.Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.Ofcourse,reconstructionofplatemotionfromthetracksofhot-spotvolcanoesassumesthathotspotsareimmobile,ornearlyso.Severalstudiessupportsuchanassumption,includingonethathasshownthatprominenthotspotsthroughouttheworldseemnottohavemovedduringthepasttenmillionyears.

Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.Whenacontinentalplatecomestorestoverahotspot,materialwellingupfromdeeperlayersformsabroaddomethat,asitgrows,developsdeepfissures.Insomeinstances,thecontinentalplatemayruptureentirelyalongsomeofthefissuressothatthehotspotinitiatestheformationofanewocean.Thus,justasearliertheorieshaveexplainedthemobilityofthecontinentalplates,sohot-spotactivitymaysuggestatheorytoexplaintheirmutability.

1.Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto________.

2.Accordingtothepassage,hotspotsdifferfrommostvolcanoesinthathotspots________.

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatevidencefortheapparentcourseofthePacificplatehasbeenprovidedbythe________.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthespreadingoutoflavasofdifferentagesathotspotsindicatesthata________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.explainhowtoestimatetheageoflavaflowsfromextinctvolcanoes

B.describethewayinwhichhotspotsinfluencetheextinctionofvolcanoes

C.describehotspotsandexplainhowtheyappeartoinfluenceandrecordthemotionofplates

D.describeandexplaintheformationoftheoceansandcontinents

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.aresituatedclosertotheearth’ssurface

B.havegreateramountsofalkalimetalsintheirlavas

C.canbefoundalongtheedgesoftheplates

D.areactivewhereasallothervolcanoesareextinct

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.concurrentmovementoftwohotspots

B.configurationsofseveralmid-oceanislandchains

C.patternoffissuresintheoceanfloor

D.dimensionsofoceanhotspots

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.continentalruptureisimminent

B.hotspotisactive

C.hotspothadbeenmovingveryrapidly

D.continentalplatehasmoved

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。A選項(xiàng)“解釋如何估計(jì)死火山熔巖流的年齡”；B選項(xiàng)“描述熱點(diǎn)影響火山滅絕的方式”；C選項(xiàng)“描述熱點(diǎn)并解釋它們是如何影響和記錄板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的”；D選項(xiàng)“描述并解釋海洋和大陸的形成”。根據(jù)題干，定位到文章第一段第一句Scatteredaroundtheglobearemorethanonehundredregionsofvolcanicactivityknownashotspots（地球上散布著100多個(gè)被稱(chēng)為熱點(diǎn)的火山活動(dòng)區(qū)域）；第二段第一句Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoes…（在某些情況下，板塊經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)留下了死火山的痕跡……）；第三段第三句Hotspotsprovidethemeasuringinstrumentsforresolvingthequestionof…（熱點(diǎn)為解決熱點(diǎn)問(wèn)題提供了測(cè)量標(biāo)準(zhǔn)……）；第四段第一句Beyondactingasframesofreference,hotspotsapparentlyinfluencethegeophysicalprocessesthatpropeltheplatesacrosstheglobe.（除了作為參考的框架，熱點(diǎn)顯然還影響著推動(dòng)板塊在全球范圍內(nèi)運(yùn)動(dòng)的地球物理過(guò)程。）從這四句可以看出，整篇文章講述了熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)以及它在追溯板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)方面所起的作用，因此答案選C；A選項(xiàng)只是提及沒(méi)有展開(kāi)細(xì)講，B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)不能影響火山的滅絕；D選項(xiàng)與文章無(wú)關(guān)。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：根據(jù)這篇文章，熱點(diǎn)不同于大多數(shù)火山在于熱點(diǎn)……。A選項(xiàng)“都位于更接近地球表面的地方”；B選項(xiàng)“熔巖中含有更多的堿金屬”；C選項(xiàng)“能在板塊的邊緣找到”；D選項(xiàng)“是活火山，而其他的火山都是死火山”。最后一段倒數(shù)一二句話Unlikemostvolcanoes,hotspotsarerarelyfoundalongtheboundariesofthecontinentalandoceanicplatesthatcomprisetheEarth’scrust;mosthotspotsliedeepintheinteriorofplatesandareanchoreddeepinthelayersoftheEarth’ssurface.Hotspotsarealsodistinguishedfromothervolcanoesbytheirlavas,whichcontaingreateramountsofalkalimetalsthandothosefromvolcanoesatplatemargins.（與大多數(shù)火山不同，熱點(diǎn)很少沿著組成地殼的大陸和海洋板塊的邊界出現(xiàn)；大多數(shù)熱點(diǎn)位于板塊內(nèi)部深處，并錨定在地球表面的深層。熱點(diǎn)與其他火山的區(qū)別還在于它們的熔巖，它們比板塊邊緣的火山含有更多的堿金屬。）由此可知答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)文中沒(méi)有提及是否為熱點(diǎn)和其他種類(lèi)的火山的不同。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：從文章中可以推斷出，太平洋板塊的運(yùn)動(dòng)軌跡的證據(jù)可以由（）所提供。A選項(xiàng)“兩個(gè)熱點(diǎn)同時(shí)運(yùn)動(dòng)”；B選項(xiàng)“幾個(gè)海洋中部島鏈的構(gòu)造”；C選項(xiàng)“海底裂縫的形狀”；D選項(xiàng)“海洋熱點(diǎn)的尺寸”。第二段第一、二、三句話Insomecases,platesmovingpasthotspotshavelefttrailsofextinctvolcanoesinmuchthesamewaythatwindpassingoverachimneycarriesoffpuffsofsmoke.ItappearsthattheHawaiianIslandswerecreatedinsuchamannerbyasinglesourceoflava,wellingupfromahotspot,overwhichthePacificOceanplatepassedonacourseroughlyfromtheeasttowardthenorthwest,carryingoffalineofvolcanoesofincreasingage.TwootherPacificislandchains…paralleltheconfigurationoftheHawaiianchain…（在某些情況下，板塊移動(dòng)經(jīng)過(guò)熱點(diǎn)時(shí)會(huì)留下死火山的痕跡，就像風(fēng)吹過(guò)煙囪帶走縷縷煙霧一樣。夏威夷群島似乎是由一個(gè)單一的熔巖源以這樣的方式形成的，熔巖從一個(gè)熱點(diǎn)噴涌而出，太平洋板塊在這個(gè)熱點(diǎn)上大致由東向西北移動(dòng)，帶走了一排年齡越來(lái)越大的火山。另外兩個(gè)太平洋島鏈……與夏威夷島鏈的構(gòu)造平行……）從這兩句可以看出板塊在運(yùn)動(dòng)后就會(huì)留下火山的痕跡，而夏威夷群島就是板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)過(guò)后留下的產(chǎn)物，所以從夏威夷群島以及其他島鏈構(gòu)造就可以看出板塊運(yùn)動(dòng)的痕跡，所以答案選B。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)理解題。題干：從文章中推斷出，不同時(shí)代的熔巖在熱點(diǎn)處的擴(kuò)展表明……。A選項(xiàng)“大陸很快就會(huì)破裂”；B選項(xiàng)“熱點(diǎn)活躍”；C選項(xiàng)“熱點(diǎn)一直在快速移動(dòng)”；D選項(xiàng)“大陸板塊移動(dòng)”。定位到第三段第二句話Themostcompellingevidencethatacontinentalplateisstationaryisthat,atsomehotspots,lavasofseveralagesaresuperposedinsteadofbeingspreadoutinchronologicalsequence.（大陸板塊是靜止不動(dòng)的最令人信服的證據(jù)是，在某些熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)，不同時(shí)代的熔巖是疊加在一起的，而不是按時(shí)間順序展開(kāi)的。）從這里可知因?yàn)榇箨戩o止不動(dòng)，所以熔巖是疊加在一起的，那么反過(guò)來(lái)大陸開(kāi)始運(yùn)動(dòng)的時(shí)候，熔巖就會(huì)按照時(shí)間順序散開(kāi)，所以當(dāng)熔巖按照時(shí)間順序在熱點(diǎn)地區(qū)散開(kāi)的時(shí)候大陸是運(yùn)動(dòng)的，所以答案選D。

9.單選題

Californiahasmorelightthanitknow________todowithbuteverythingelseisexpensive.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.how

B.what

C.which

D.where

【答案】B

【解析】考查從句引導(dǎo)詞。句意：加利福尼亞只有陽(yáng)光多得不知怎么處理，而其余所有東西都很貴。分析句子成分than作連詞連接兩個(gè)句子，第二個(gè)句子it指代加州，know作謂語(yǔ)，后面接的是賓語(yǔ)。

10.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Lowwages,chronicunemploymentandunderemploymentleadtolowincome,lackofpropertyownership,absenceofsavings,absenceoffoodreservesinthehome,andachronicshortageofcash.Theseconditionsreducethepossibilityofeffectiveparticipationinthelargereconomicsystem.Andasaresponsetotheseconditionswefindinthecultureofpovertyahighincidenceofborrowingfromlocalmoneylendersathighratesofinterest,theuseofsecondhandclothingandfurniture,andthepatternoffrequentbuyingofsmallquantitiesoffoodmanytimesadayastheneedarises.

Peoplewithacultureofpovertyproduceverylittlewealthandreceiveverylittleinreturn.Theyhavealow