2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）試卷號(hào)91

住在富人區(qū)的她2022年考研考博-考博英語(yǔ)-西南政法大學(xué)考試名師押題精選卷I（帶答案詳解）（圖片可根據(jù)實(shí)際調(diào)整大小）題型12345總分得分一.綜合題(共50題)1.單選題

Alargebuildingmayhaveaheating（

）bywhichalltheroomaresteam-heated.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.appliance

B.apparatus

C.furniture

D.equipment

【答案】B

【解析】近義詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)appliance“器械，裝置”，側(cè)重指家用機(jī)器或設(shè)備，尤指家用電器；B選項(xiàng)apparatus“設(shè)備，儀器”，一般指復(fù)雜的儀器設(shè)備；C選項(xiàng)furniture“家具”；D選項(xiàng)equipment“設(shè)備，器材”，多指成套的或重型的設(shè)備或裝備。句意：大建筑物可能會(huì)有暖氣設(shè)備，所有的房間都是通過(guò)蒸汽加熱。選項(xiàng)B更符合語(yǔ)境。

2.單選題

OscarWildesaidthatworkistherefugeofpeoplewhohavenothingbettertodo.Ifso,Americansarenowamongtheworld'ssaddestrefugees.FactoryworkersintheUnitedStatesareworkinglongerhoursthanatanytimeinthepasthalf-century.Americaonceledtherichworldincuttingtheaverageworkingweek-from70hoursin1850tolessthan40hoursbythe1950s.Itseemednaturalthataspeoplegrewrichertheywouldtradeextrasearningsformoreleisure.Sincethe1970s,however,thehoursclockedupbyAmericanworkershaverisentoanaverageof42thisyearinmanufacturing.

Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:Americansarespendingmoretimeatworkthantheydid20yearsago.Executivesandlawyersboastof80-hourweeks.Onholiday,theyseekoutfaxmachinesandphonesaseagerlyasGermansbagthebestsun-loungers.YetworkingtimeinEuropeandJapancontinuestofall.InGermany'sengineeringindustrytheworkingweekistobetrimmedfrom36to35hoursnextyearMostGermansgetsixweeks’paidannualholiday,eventheJapanesenowtakethreeweeks.Americansstillmakedowithjusttwo.

Germanyrespondstothiscontrastwithitsusualconcernaboutwhetherpeople'saversiontoworkisdamagingitscompetitiveness.YetGermanworkers,liketheJapanese,seemtobeactingsensibly:astheirincomesrise,theycanachieveabetterstandardoflivingwithfewerhoursofwork.ThepuzzleiswhyAmerica,theworld'srichestcountry,seesthingsdifferently.Itisapuzzlewithsinistersocialimplications.Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?

SomeexplanationsforAmerica’stimeatworkfailtostanduptoscrutiny.Oneblamesweaktradeunionsthatleaveworkersopentoexploitation.Areworkersbeingforcedbycost-cuttingfirmstotoilharderjusttokeeptheirjobs?ArecentstudybytwoAmericaneconomists,RichardFreemanandLindaBell,suggestsnot:whenasked,Americansactuallywanttoworklongerhours.MostGermanworkers,incontrast,wouldratherworkless.

Then,whydoAmericanswanttoworkharder?OnereasonmaybethattherealearningsofmanyAmericanshavebeenstagnantorfallingduringthepasttwodecades.Peopleworklongermerelytomaintaintheirlivingstandards.Yetmanyhigherskilledworkers,whohaveenjoyedbigincreasesintheirrealpay,havebeenworkinghardertoo.Also,onereasonfortheslowgrowthofwageshasbeentherapidgrowthinemployment-whichismoreorlesswheretheargumentbegan.

Taxesmayhavesomethingtodowithit.PeoplewhoworkanextrahourinAmericaareallowedtokeepmoreoftheirmoneythanthosewhodothesameinGermany.FallsinmarginaltaxratesinAmericasincethe1970shavemadeitallthemoreprofitabletoworklonger.

Noneoftheseanswersreallyexplainswhythecentury-longdeclineinworkinghourshasgoneintoreverseinAmericabutnotelsewhere(thoughBritainshowsignsoffollowingAmerica’slead).Perhapsculturaldifferences--thelastrefugeofthedefeatedeconomists---areatplay.Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,theirincentivetoworkwouldbeeroded,likelionsrelaxingafterakill.Buthumansaremoresusceptibletoadvertisingthanlions.Perhapsclevermarketinghasensuredthat“basicneeds”--forashowerwithbuilt-inTV,forarocket-propelledcar—expandcontinuously.ShoppingisalreadyoneofAmerica’smostpopularpastimes.Butitrequiresmoney—hencemoreworkandlessleisure.Ortrythis,thetelevisionisnotverygood,andbaseballandhockeykeepbeingwipedoutbystrikes.PerhapsWildewasright.MaybeAmericanshavenothingbettertodo.

1.IntheUnitedStates,workinglongerhoursis（

）.

2.Accordingtothethirdparagraph,whichmightbeoneoftheconsequencesofworkinglongerhours?

3.Whichofthefollowingisthecauseofworkinglongerhoursstatedbythewriter?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confinedtothemanufacturingindustry

B.atraditionalpracticeinsomesectors

C.prevalentinallsectorsofsociety

D.favoredbytheeconomists

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Riseinemployees’workingefficiency

B.Riseinthenumberofyoungoffenders

C.Riseinpeople’slivingstandards

D.Riseincompetitiveness

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Expansionofbasicneeds

B.Culturaldifferences

C.Increaseinrealearnings

D.Advertising

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段第一句“Severalstudiessuggestthatsomethingsimilarishappeningoutsidemanufacturing:...幾項(xiàng)研究表明，制造業(yè)以外也在發(fā)生類(lèi)似的事情:...”也就是說(shuō)，除了制造業(yè)，美國(guó)其他行業(yè)里工作時(shí)間也很長(zhǎng)，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第三段最后兩句“Parentsspendlesstimewiththeirchildrenwhomaybeleftaloneathomeforlonger.Isitjustacoincidencethatjuvenilecrimeisontherise?父母花在孩子身上的時(shí)間更少，他們（孩子）可能會(huì)被長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的留在家里。青少年犯罪呈上升趨勢(shì)，這僅僅是個(gè)巧合嗎?”由此可知，長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的結(jié)果將會(huì)導(dǎo)致青少年犯罪數(shù)量的增加。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容“這些答案都不能真正解釋為什么美國(guó)的工作時(shí)間長(zhǎng)達(dá)一個(gè)世紀(jì)的下降趨勢(shì)已經(jīng)逆轉(zhuǎn)，而其他地方卻沒(méi)有(盡管英國(guó)有跡象表明正在步美國(guó)的后塵)。也許文化差異——失敗經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家的最后避難所——正在發(fā)揮作用?！边@里提到文化差異的問(wèn)題，但這并不是美國(guó)人長(zhǎng)時(shí)間工作的原因。下文提到“Economistsusedtobelievethatonceworkersearnedenoughtoprovidefortheirbasicneedsandallowforafewluxuries,...經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家過(guò)去認(rèn)為，一旦工人掙到足夠的錢(qián)來(lái)滿足他們的基本需求和一些奢侈品...”由此可知，真正的原因是為了擴(kuò)大基本需求，所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

I’msurethatIcansoon（

）himintoacceptingourplan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.say

B.speak

C.talk

D.tell

【答案】C

【解析】考查固定搭配。talksbinto...表示“說(shuō)服某人做某事”。句意：我確信我很快就能說(shuō)服他接受我們的計(jì)劃。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

4.單選題

Oneoftheproblemstheyhavetodealwithisthe（

）ofplasticcontainers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.disposal

B.dissolution

C.disposition

D.disappearance

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)disposal“處理”；B選項(xiàng)dissolution“分解，溶解”；C選項(xiàng)disposition“性情，傾向”；D選項(xiàng)disappearance“消失”。句意：他們必須處理的問(wèn)題之一是塑料容器的處理。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

5.單選題

Thepromiseoffindinglong-termtechnologicalsolutionstotheproblemofworldfoodshortagesseemsdifficulttofulfill.Manyinnovationsthatwereonceheavilysupportedandpublicized,suchasfish-proteinconcentrateandproteinfromalgaegrownonpetroleumsubstrates:hassincefallenbythewayside.Theproposalsthemselvesweretechnicallyfeasible;buttheyprovedtobeeconomicallyunviableandtoyieldfoodproductsculturallyunacceptabletotheirconsumers.Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.

Onecharacteristiccommontounsuccessfulfoodinnovationshasbeenthat,evenwithextensivegovernmentsupport,theyoftenhavenotbeentechnologicallyadaptedorculturallyacceptabletothepeopleforwhomtheyhadbeendeveloped.Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.Forexample,thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.

Theadoptionofnewfoodtechnologiesdependsonmorethanthesetechnicalandculturalconsiderations;economicfactorsandgovernmentalpoliciesalsostronglyinfluencetheultimatesuccessofanyinnovation.EconomistsintheAnglo-Americantraditionhavetakentheleadininvestigatingtheeconomicsoftechnologicalinnovation.Althoughtheyexaggerateinclaimingthatprofitabilityisthekeyfactorguidingtechnicalchange—theycompletelydisregardthesubstantialeffectsofculture—theyarecorrectinstressingtheimportanceofprofits.Mosttechnologicalinnovationsinagriculturecanbellyusedonlybylargelandownersandareonlyadoptediftheseprofit-orientedbusinesspeoplebelievethattheinnovationwillincreasetheirincomes.

1.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthorwasabletoassessthetruthofwhichofthefollowingstatementsaboutopaque-2maize?

2.ThepassagementionsallofthefollowingasfactorsimportanttothesuccessofanewfoodcropEXCEPTthe（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,theuseofAntarctickrillasafoodisaninnovationwhosefutureis（

）.

4.Thefirstparagraphofthepassagebestsupportswhichofthefollowingstatements?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Itcanbestoredaseasilyasothervarietiesofmaize.

B.Itismorepopularthanthewheat-ryehybridtriticale.

C.Itproducestortillasofgreaterproteincontentthandoothervarietiesofmaize.

D.Itismoresusceptibletoinsectsthanareothervarietiesofmaize.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.practicalityofstorageofthecrop

B.securityofthecropyield

C.qualityofthecrop'sprotein

D.culturalacceptabilityofthecrop

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.basicallygloomybutstilluncertain

B.somewhatpromisingbutverytentative

C.generallybrightandvirtuallyassured

D.tiedtotheSuccessofopaque-2maize

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Toomuchpublicitycanharmthechancesforthesuccessofanewfoodinnovation.

B.Innovationsthatproduceculturallyacceptablecropswillgenerallybesuccessful.

C.Afood-productinnovationcanbetechnicallyfeasibleandstillnotbeeconomicallyviable.

D.Itisdifficulttodecidewhetherafood-productinnovationhasactuallybeenasuccess.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第二段最后一句“thebetterproteinqualityintortillasmadefromopaque-2maizewillbeofonlylimitedbenefittoafamilyonthemarginofsubsistenceifthenewmaizeisnotculturallyacceptableorismorevulnerabletoinsects.如果這種新玉米在文化上不能被接受，或者更容易受到昆蟲(chóng)的侵害，那么用不透明2型玉米制成的玉米餅所含的蛋白質(zhì)盡管質(zhì)量較好，但對(duì)處于生存邊緣的家庭所帶來(lái)的利益將是有限的?！弊髡叩闹攸c(diǎn)在于強(qiáng)調(diào)它比其他玉米品種更容易受到昆蟲(chóng)的侵害，所以選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)第二段的二三句“Asuccessfulnewtechnology,therefore,mustfittheentiresocio-culturalsysteminwhichitistofindaplace.Securityofcropyield,practicalityofstorage,palatability,andcostsaremuchmoresignificantthanhadpreviouslybeenrealizedbytheadvocatesofnewtechnologies.因此，一項(xiàng)成功的新技術(shù)必須適應(yīng)它所處的整個(gè)社會(huì)文化系統(tǒng)。作物產(chǎn)量的安全性、儲(chǔ)藏的實(shí)用性、風(fēng)味和成本都比以前新技術(shù)的倡導(dǎo)者所認(rèn)識(shí)到的要重要得多?！边x項(xiàng)A，B，D均有所提及，所以本題選C。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“Antarctickrill”定位到第一段最后一句“Recentinnovationssuchasopaque-2maize,Antarctickrill,andthewheat-ryetriticaleseemmorepromising,butitistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.最近的創(chuàng)新，如不透明玉米、南極磷蝦和黑小麥似乎更有希望，但現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過(guò)早。”所以選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

4.判斷推理題。第一段最后一句指出“itistooearlytopredicttheirultimatefate.現(xiàn)在預(yù)測(cè)它們的最終命運(yùn)還為時(shí)過(guò)早”。選項(xiàng)A在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)B太過(guò)于絕對(duì)；選項(xiàng)C表述過(guò)于片面，只有選項(xiàng)D能夠全面的概括第一段的內(nèi)容，所以正確。

6.單選題

Astheywatchedthematch,thecrowd（

）inunison.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.chanted

B.crooned

C.crowed

D.harmonized

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)chant“歌唱，頌揚(yáng)”；B選項(xiàng)croon“低吟，輕哼”；C選項(xiàng)crow“打鳴”；D選項(xiàng)harmonize“協(xié)調(diào)”。句意：當(dāng)他們?cè)谟^看比賽的時(shí)候，人群齊聲歌唱。選項(xiàng)A更符合語(yǔ)境。

7.單選題

Thesystemofexploitationofmoonbymanhasbeen（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.canceled

B.abolished

C.refused

D.rejected

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)cancel“取消”；B選項(xiàng)abolish“廢除，廢止”；C選項(xiàng)refuse“拒絕”；D選項(xiàng)reject“拒絕，排斥”。句意：人類(lèi)開(kāi)發(fā)月球的系統(tǒng)已經(jīng)被廢除。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

8.單選題

Doyouagreewiththesayingthatthemonkeywasthe（

）ofhumanrace?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.offspring

B.successor

C.breeder

D.predecessor

【答案】D

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)offspring“后代，子孫”；B選項(xiàng)successor“繼承者”；C選項(xiàng)breeder“飼養(yǎng)員，繁殖者”；D選項(xiàng)predecessor“前身，祖先”。句意：你同意猴子是人類(lèi)祖先的說(shuō)法嗎?選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

9.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingintoChinese

MembersshallgiveeffecttotheprovisionsofthisAgreement.Membersmay,butshallnotbeobligedto,implementintheirlawmoreextensiveprotectionthanisrequiredbythisAgreement,providedthatsuchprotectiondoesnotcontravenetheprovisionsofthisAgreement.MembersshallbefreetodeterminetheappropriatemethodofimplementingtheprovisionsofthisAgreementwithintheirownlegalsystemandpractice.

ForthepurposesofthisAgreement,theterm“intellectualproperty”referstoallcategoriesofintellectualpropertythatarethesubjectofSectionIthrough7ofPartII.

MembersshallaccordthetreatmentprovidedforinthisAgreementtothenationalsofotherMembers.Inrespectoftherelevantintellectualpropertyright,thenationalofotherMembersshallbeunderstoodasthosenaturalorlegalpersonsthatwouldmeetthecriteriaforeligibilityforprotectionprovidedforintheParisConvention(1967),theBerneConvention(1971),theRomeConventionandtheTreatyonIntellectualPropertyinRespectofIntegratedCircuits,wereallMembersoftheWTOmembersofthoseconventions.AnyMemberavailingitselfofthepossibilitiesprovidedinParagraph3ofArticle5orParagraph2ofArticle6oftheRomeConventionshallmakeanotificationasforeseeninthoseprovisionstotheCouncilforTrade-RelatedAspectsofIntellectualPropertyRights(the“CouncilforTRIPS”)

Criminallawisdistinctivefortheuniquelyseriouspotentialconsequencesoffailuretoabidebyitsrules.Everycrimeiscomposedofcriminalelements.Anelementofacrime(collectivelycalledelementsofcrime)isabasicsetofcommonlawprinciplesregardingcriminalliabilitythat,withfewexceptions,constitutetheessentialelementstoprovethatthedefendantcommittedacrimeunderUnitedStateslaw.Thejurymustbeconvincedbeyondareasonabledoubtthatthedefendantcommittedeachelementoftheparticularcrimechargedbeforedecidingonaguiltyverdict.Thecomponentpartsthatmakeupanyparticularcrimevarydependingonthecrime.Thebasiccomponentsarementalstate(Mensrea),conduct(Actusreus),concurrenceandcausation.However,thetwonecessaryelementsthatmustcoexistforacrimetoexististhatthedefendantmusthavecommittedanactandthatactmusthavebeencommittedintentionally.

【答案】各成員均必須實(shí)行本協(xié)定中的規(guī)定。各成員可以但并無(wú)義務(wù)，在其法律中實(shí)施比本協(xié)定要求更廣泛的保護(hù)，只要此種保護(hù)不違反本協(xié)定的規(guī)定。各成員有權(quán)在其各自的法律制度和實(shí)踐中確定實(shí)施本協(xié)定規(guī)定的適當(dāng)方法。

在本協(xié)定中，“知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)”一詞系指屬于本協(xié)定第二部分第1節(jié)至第7節(jié)中的所有類(lèi)別的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)。

各成員應(yīng)根據(jù)本協(xié)定的規(guī)定給予其它成員以國(guó)民待遇。對(duì)于相應(yīng)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)，其它成員的國(guó)民被認(rèn)為是符合《巴黎公約（1967）》、《伯爾尼公約（1971）》、《羅馬公約》和《關(guān)于集成電路的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)條約》中所規(guī)定的保護(hù)資格標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的自然人或法人，即WT0的所有成員似乎都已加入了這些公約。任一運(yùn)用了《羅馬公約》第五條第3款或第6條第2款規(guī)定的可能性的成員，均應(yīng)根據(jù)這些條款的預(yù)告，通知“與貿(mào)易有關(guān)的知識(shí)產(chǎn)權(quán)理事會(huì)（TRIPS理事會(huì)）”。

刑法因未能遵守其規(guī)定導(dǎo)致的無(wú)可匹敵的嚴(yán)重潛在后果而是與眾不同的。每項(xiàng)罪行由犯罪要素構(gòu)成。一項(xiàng)罪行的一個(gè)要素（共同地被稱為犯罪要素）是一套基本的關(guān)于刑事責(zé)任的普通法法則，而這些法則極少例外地構(gòu)成了證明被告在美國(guó)法律之下犯罪的基本要素。在確定一項(xiàng)有罪裁定之前，陪審團(tuán)必須無(wú)疑地確信被告犯了所被指控的特定罪行的每一個(gè)要素。組成任何特定罪行的構(gòu)成要素依據(jù)罪行而變化。基本的要素是心理狀態(tài)（犯罪意圖），行為（犯罪行為），同時(shí)發(fā)生和起因。然而，對(duì)于一項(xiàng)罪行存而必須并存的兩個(gè)必要要素是被告一定要犯下一個(gè)罪行且那個(gè)罪行是故意犯下的。

10.單選題

Acoatofpaintwilldevelopsmallcracksasit（

）overtime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.peels

B.shrinks

C.hardens

D.fades

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)peel“剝落”；B選項(xiàng)shrink“收縮”；C選項(xiàng)harden“變硬”；D選項(xiàng)fade“褪色”。句意：一層油漆隨著時(shí)間的推移會(huì)剝落，從而產(chǎn)生小裂縫。選項(xiàng)A符合語(yǔ)境。

11.單選題

To（

）theriskoftheft,installagoodalarmsystem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.decrease

B.minimize

C.limit

D.eliminate

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)decrease“減少，降低”；B選項(xiàng)minimize“最小化”；C選項(xiàng)limit“限制”；D選項(xiàng)eliminate“消除，排除”。句意：為了消除被盜的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)，安裝一個(gè)好的報(bào)警系統(tǒng)。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

12.單選題

AlthoughItriedtoconcentrateonthelecture,Iwas（

）bythenoisefromthenextroom.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.dissuaded

B.averted

C.repressed

D.distracted

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)dissuade“勸阻”；B選項(xiàng)avert“轉(zhuǎn)移”；C選項(xiàng)repress“抑制，鎮(zhèn)壓”；D選項(xiàng)distract“分心”。句意：盡管我試圖集中注意力聽(tīng)演講，但還是被隔壁房間的噪音分心。選項(xiàng)D符合語(yǔ)境。

13.單選題

Thattruckdrivernolonger（

）himselfindrinkingafterexperiencingtheaccident.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.induced

B.immersed

C.devoted

D.indulged

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)induce“誘導(dǎo)”；B選項(xiàng)immerse“浸入”；C選項(xiàng)devote“致力于”；D選項(xiàng)indulge“沉溺，滿足，放任”。句意：在經(jīng)歷了那次事故后，那個(gè)卡車(chē)司機(jī)就不再放任自己喝酒。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

14.單選題

Educationinmostofthedevelopingworldisshocking.HalfofchildreninSouthAsiaandathirdofthoseinAfricawhocompletefouryearsofschoolingcannotreadproperly.Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.

Thefailureofstateeducation,combinedwiththeshiftinemergingeconomiesfromfarmingtojobsthatneedatleastamodicumofeducation,hascausedaprivate-schoolboom.AccordingtotheWorldBank,acrossthedevelopingworldafifthofprimary-schoolchildrenareenrolledinprivateschools,twiceasmanyas20yearsago.Somanyprivateschoolsareunregisteredthattherealfigureislikelytobemuchhigher.

Byandlarge,politiciansandeducationalistsareunenthusiastic.Governmentsseeeducationasthestate'sjob.NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.TheU.N.Specialrapporteuroneducation.KishoreSingh,hassaidthat“for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation”.

Thisattitudeharmsthosewhomeducationalistsclaimtoserve:children.Theboominprivateeducationisexcellentnewsforthemandtheircountries,forthreereasons.

First,itisbringinginmoney—notjustfromparents,butalsofrominvestors,someinsearchofaprofit.Mostprivateschoolsinthedevelopingworldaresingleoperatorsthatchargeafewdollarsamonth,butchainsarenowemerging.

Second,privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.Measuringthisishard,sincethechildrenwhogotoprivateschoolstendtobebetteroff,andthereforelikelytoperformbetter.Butarigorousfour-yearstudyof6,000pupilsinAndhraPradesh,insouthernIndia,suggestedthatprivatepupilsperformedbetterinEnglishandHindithanpublic-schoolpupils,andtheprivateschoolsachievedtheseresultsatathirdofthecostofthepublicschools.

Lastly,privateschoolsareinnovative.Sincetechnologyhasgreat(thoughasyetmostlyunrealized)potentialineducation,thiscouldbeimportant.Bridgegivesteacherstabletslinkedtoacentralsystemthatprovidesteachingmaterialsandmonitorstheirwork.Suchrobo-teachingmaynotbeideal,butitisbetterthanlessonswithouteithermaterialormonitoring.

Theprivatesectorhasproblems.Butthealternativeisoftenapublicschoolthatisworse—ornoschoolatall.Thegrowthofprivateschoolsisamanifestationofthehealthiestofinstincts:parents’desiretodothebestfortheirchildren.Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.Ideally,theywouldsubsidizeprivateschools,preferablythroughavoucherwhichparentscouldspendattheschoolsoftheirchoiceandtopup;theywouldregulateschoolstoensurequality;theywouldrunpublicexamstohelpparentsmakeinformedchoice.

1.Accordingtotheauthor,thestategovernmentsindevelopingcountriesfailto（

）.

2.TheauthormentionsKishoreSinghinordertoshow

（

）.

3.Privateschoolssurpassthepubliconesinthat

（

）.

4.Whatdoestheauthorthinkoftheprivateeducation?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethetitleofthepassage?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.providepropereducationforalltheschoolagechildren

B.fulfilltheirpromisesbyestablishingenoughpublicschools

C.improveeducationqualityoftheexistingpublicschools

D.speedupthesocialshiftfromfarmingtomanufacturing

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.howstategovernmentsdislikeprivateeducation

B.whyNGOsaresomuchopposedtoprivatesectors

C.howweshouldsafeguardthenobilityofeducation

D.whatthesocialmainstreamthinksoftheprivateschool

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theycanobtainmoremoneyfromparents

B.theyhaveachievedbetterteachingquality

C.theycanmakebetteruseofmoneyandinnovate

D.theycanusetabletstoassistteaching

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Itmeetstheneedofsocialdevelopment.

B.Itshouldbesuspendedandreorganized.

C.Itshouldnotberunpurelyafterhighprofits.

D.Itisencouragedtoreplacepubliceducation.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.WhyArePrivateSchoolsBoomingSoFast?

B.ShouldPrivateEducationBeHelpedorCurbed?

C.HowShouldtheGovernmentImproveEducation?

D.WhatShouldtheStateDowithPublicSchools?

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.判斷推理題。根據(jù)第一段最后兩句“Mostgovernmentshavepromisedtoprovideuniversalprimaryeducationandtopromotesecondaryeducation.Butevenwhenpublicschoolsexist,theyoftenfail.大多數(shù)政府承諾提供普遍的初等教育以及促進(jìn)中等教育的發(fā)展。但即使公立學(xué)校存在，它們通常還是失敗了?！痹俑鶕?jù)第一段前面的內(nèi)容可推斷，發(fā)展中國(guó)家的政府沒(méi)有履行他們的承諾，沒(méi)有建立足夠的公立學(xué)校。選項(xiàng)B符合原文；選項(xiàng)A和選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D是私立學(xué)校繁榮的原因之一，不符合題意。所以只有選項(xiàng)B正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“KishoreSingh”定位第三段“KishoreSingh,hassaidthat‘for-profiteducationshouldnotbeallowedinordertosafeguardthenoblecauseofeducation’”聯(lián)合國(guó)教育特別報(bào)告員KishoreSingh曾表示：“為了捍衛(wèi)教育的崇高事業(yè)，不應(yīng)該允許營(yíng)利性教育。”這是對(duì)原文中上一句“NGOstendtobeideologicallyopposedtotheprivatesector.非政府組織往往在意識(shí)形態(tài)上反對(duì)私營(yíng)部門(mén)”的解釋，說(shuō)明非政府組織反對(duì)私營(yíng)機(jī)構(gòu)的理由。因此選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)兩段的首句“privateschoolsareoftenbettervalueformoneythanstateones.私立學(xué)校通常比公立學(xué)校更物有所值?！币簿褪悄軌虺浞掷觅Y金?！皃rivateschoolsareinnovative.”私立學(xué)校具有創(chuàng)新性。所以選項(xiàng)C符合原文。選項(xiàng)A顯然不是私立學(xué)校超越公立學(xué)校的原因；選項(xiàng)B在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D表述過(guò)于片面。

4.判斷推理題。根據(jù)最后一段第三句“Governmentsshouldthereforebeaskingnothowtodiscourageprivateeducation,buthowtoboostit.政府不應(yīng)該打擊私營(yíng)教育，而應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營(yíng)教育。”由此可推斷，作者認(rèn)為私營(yíng)教育是符合社會(huì)發(fā)展的需求的。選項(xiàng)A正確。選項(xiàng)B與作者的觀點(diǎn)不符；選項(xiàng)C在文中沒(méi)有提及；選項(xiàng)D表述過(guò)于絕對(duì)。

5.主旨大意題。結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容可知，作者首先指出了發(fā)展中國(guó)家政府在公立教育方面的失敗，接著提到私營(yíng)教育的發(fā)展，政府反對(duì)私營(yíng)教育，而作者認(rèn)為應(yīng)該大力發(fā)展私營(yíng)教育，所以本文的主要內(nèi)容是討論支持還是反對(duì)私營(yíng)教育。選項(xiàng)B最為恰當(dāng)。

15.單選題

TheMayorofthetownisa（

）oldman.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.respective

B.respectful

C.respectable

D.respecting

【答案】B

【解析】形近詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)respective“分別的，各自的”；B選項(xiàng)respectful“恭敬的，有禮貌的”；C選項(xiàng)respectable“值得尊敬的”；D選項(xiàng)respecting“關(guān)于”。句意：這個(gè)鎮(zhèn)的市長(zhǎng)是個(gè)可敬的老人。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

16.單選題

Dangerouschemicalsmay（

）throughthesoilintorivers.Freedumpingofwastesshouldbeprohibited.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.spread

B.permeate

C.perplex

D.filter

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)spread“傳播”；B選項(xiàng)permeate“彌漫，滲透”；C選項(xiàng)perplex“使困惑”；D選項(xiàng)filter“過(guò)濾，滲透”。句意：危險(xiǎn)的化學(xué)物質(zhì)可能滲入土壤進(jìn)入河流。禁止隨意傾倒廢物。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

17.單選題

Imustleavenow.（

）ifyouwantthatbookIwillbringittomorrow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Occasionally

B.Accidentally

C.Incidentally

D.Subsequently

【答案】C

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)Occasionally“偶爾，間或”；B選項(xiàng)Accidentally“意外地，偶然地”；C選項(xiàng)Incidentally“順便，附帶地”；D選項(xiàng)Subsequently“隨后，后來(lái)”。句意：我必須得離開(kāi)了。順便說(shuō)一句，如果你想要那本書(shū)，我明天就帶過(guò)來(lái)。選項(xiàng)C符合語(yǔ)境。

18.單選題

Ifyou（

）yourdemand,thenmaybeyouwillhavemorechanceofgettingwhatyouwant.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.conduct

B.dismiss

C.grant

D.moderate

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)conduct“組織”；B選項(xiàng)dismiss“解散，解雇；不予理會(huì)，不予考慮”；C選項(xiàng)grant“授予”；D選項(xiàng)moderate“節(jié)制，減輕”。句意：如果你不考慮自己的需求，你將會(huì)有更多的機(jī)會(huì)獲得你想要的。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

19.單選題

Thethiefranintothecrowdand（

）fromthesight.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.escaped

B.periled

C.melted

D.vanished

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)escape“逃脫，避免”；B選項(xiàng)peril“危及，置...于險(xiǎn)境”；C選項(xiàng)melt“融化”；D選項(xiàng)vanish“消失，突然不見(jiàn)”。句意：小偷跑進(jìn)人群中，然后從視線中消失不見(jiàn)了。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

20.單選題

Scientistsconcludedthatnonsmokerswhomust（

）inhaletheairpollutedbytobaccosmokersmaysuffermorethanthesmokersthemselves.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.involuntarily

B.instantaneously

C.spontaneously

D.reluctantly

【答案】D

【解析】副詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)involuntarily“不自覺(jué)地，偶然地”；B選項(xiàng)instantaneously“突如其來(lái)地”；C選項(xiàng)spontaneously“自發(fā)地”；D選項(xiàng)reluctantly“不情愿地”。句意：科學(xué)家得出的結(jié)論：不吸煙的人如果不情愿地吸入被吸煙者污染的空氣，可能會(huì)比吸煙者自己更痛苦。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

21.翻譯題

PutthefollowingpassagesintoChinese:

Thenextsourceoflawthathastobeconsiderediscaselaw,theeffectivecreationandrefinementoflawinthecourseofjudicialdecisions.ItshouldberememberedthattheUnitedKingdom'slawisstillacommonlawsystemandeveniflegislationisofeverincreasingimportance,thesignificanceandeffectivenessofjudicialcreativityshouldnotbediscounted.Judicialdecisionsareasourceoflawthroughtheoperationofthedoctrineofjudicialprecedents.Thisprocessdependsontheestablishedhierarchyofthecourts,andoperatesinsuchawaythatgenerallyacourtisboundbytheratiodecidendiorruleoflawimplicitinthedecisionofacourtaboveitinthehierarchyandusuallybyacourtofequalstandinginthehierarchy.Wherestatutelawdoescoveraparticularareaorwherethelawissilentgenerallyitwillbenecessaryforacourtdecidingcasesrelatingtosuchanareatodeterminewhatthelawisand,insodoing,thatcourtwillinescapablyandunarguablybecreatinglaw.Thescopeforjudicialcreativityshouldnotbeunderestimatedanditshouldberememberedthatthetaskofinterpretingtheactualmeaningoflegislationinparticularcasesalsofallsinthejudiciaryandprovidesitwithafurtherimportantareaofdiscretionaiycreativity.

Thecharacteristicterritorialunitservedbytheprosecutor’sofficeisthecounty:inafewstates,largerdistricts,composedofseveralcounties,arefound.Manycountieshavesolittlecriminalbusiness(otherthanminorviolationsprosecutedbylocalorstatepolicewithouttheaidoftheprosecutor)that,evenwhenthecivillitigationtowhichthecountyisaparty,aswellasothercountylegalwork,areaddedtotheprosecutor’sfunctions,astheycommonlyare,thepostofcountyattorneyisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattractisstillonlyapart-timeonewithcompensationofteninadequatetoattracttheestablishedlawyersofthecounty.Thepostthustendstofalltoapoliticallyactiveyounglawyerstillengagedinbuildinghispractice;anditisnotsurprisingthatheoftentendstoregarditasprimarilyashort-termmeansofprofessionalorpoliticaladvancement.Underthesecircumstances,anythinglikeacareerofficial’sapproachtotheofficeisunlikely.Thecurewouldseemtobeinplacingtheprosecutor'sofficeonadistrictinsteadofacountybasis,thedistrictbeinglargeenoughtowarrantafull-timeprosecutorwithadequatecompensationandadequatestaff.

【答案】下一個(gè)要考慮的法律來(lái)源是判例法，它是在司法判決的過(guò)程中對(duì)法律有效創(chuàng)新和完善。我們應(yīng)該牢記，英國(guó)的法律仍然是普通法體系，所以即使立法日益重要，司法創(chuàng)新的意義和有效性卻不容低估。司法判決成為法源，貫穿整個(gè)司法判例教義的執(zhí)行過(guò)程中。這樣的過(guò)程依賴于己建立的法院層級(jí)體系，而且以這樣的方式運(yùn)作，即通常某個(gè)法院受到隱含于這個(gè)層級(jí)體系中上級(jí)法院的判決中的判決依據(jù)和法律條文的約朿，而且也一般受到這個(gè)層級(jí)體系中同等地位的法院的約束。法院有必要，在處理涉及法令沒(méi)有包含的特殊領(lǐng)域或法律通常沒(méi)有記載的領(lǐng)域的案件吋，決定適用的法律并執(zhí)行。這就是法院正在對(duì)法律進(jìn)行創(chuàng)新，而這是法院無(wú)法逃避也無(wú)可爭(zhēng)辯的職責(zé)。我們不應(yīng)該低估司法創(chuàng)新的適用范圍，且應(yīng)該牢記，在特定的情況下，法律的解釋任務(wù)也會(huì)落在司法機(jī)關(guān)身上，因此，我們要給予司法機(jī)關(guān)在重要領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的自由裁量權(quán)。

檢察院所管轄的特殊區(qū)域包括各州、區(qū)的縣。許多縣的犯罪活動(dòng)較少，一些輕微違法行為，直接由當(dāng)?shù)鼗蛑菥炱鹪V，無(wú)須檢方介入。全縣作為訴訟主體的民事訴訟以及其它縣的法律事務(wù)波納入檢察官的職責(zé)范圍之內(nèi)。通常情況下，縣檢察官一職為兼職，所以微薄的薪水不足以留住他們。同樣微薄的薪酬對(duì)現(xiàn)有的縣級(jí)律師同樣沒(méi)有吸引力。因此，這一崗位易于淪為思想活躍、有政治野心的年輕律師職業(yè)生涯的奠基石。經(jīng)常有年輕的律師把它看成是其專業(yè)水平提升與政治地位晉升的一種主要的短線戰(zhàn)略手段，這一現(xiàn)象并不奇怪。在這樣的背景之下，任何人想通過(guò)這一方式進(jìn)入到政府機(jī)關(guān)都是不大可能的。改善這一現(xiàn)狀的辦法就是將人員安置在區(qū)檢察院而不是縣級(jí)檢察院。因?yàn)閰^(qū)檢察院的檢察官是全職人員，有不錯(cuò)的薪酬，有足夠的工作人員。

22.單選題

Iwasalwaystaughtthatitwas（

）tointerrupt.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.rude

B.coarse

C.rough

D.crude

【答案】A

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)rude“粗魯?shù)?，無(wú)禮的”；B選項(xiàng)coarse“粗糙的，粗俗的”；C選項(xiàng)rough“粗野的，粗略的”；D選項(xiàng)crude“天然的，未加工的”。句意：我總是被教導(dǎo)打斷別人說(shuō)話是粗魯?shù)?。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

23.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（

）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deterioration

B.differentiation

C.diversion

D.donation

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)deterioration“惡化”；B選項(xiàng)differentiation“變異”；C選項(xiàng)diversion“轉(zhuǎn)移，消遣”；D選項(xiàng)donation“捐贈(zèng)”。句意：醫(yī)生們非常擔(dān)心手術(shù)后病人的病情惡化。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

24.單選題

Itwouldbe（

）toarriveataconclusionnow.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.premier

B.premature

C.preliminary

D.prior

【答案】B

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)premier“首要的”；B選項(xiàng)premature“不成熟的，早產(chǎn)的”