高中英語(yǔ)必修三 (課件)Unit 4 SPACE EXPLORATION Discovering Useful Structures

Unit4SPACEEXPLORATION

DiscoveringUsefulStructures不定式作定語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)誦讀下列句子并寫出加黑部分的句子成分1．（教材P40）Lookingupatthestars,peoplehavealwayswantedtolearnmoreaboutspace,andscientistsworkhardtofindanswers.__________________2．（教材P40）Theymakevehiclestocarrybravepeopleintospacetofindoutthesecretsofthe

universe.__________________不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)3．（教材P41）Morerecently,ChinahassentChang'e4toexplorethesurfaceofthefarsideofthemoontomakemeasurementsandobservations.__________________4．（教材P40）However,somescientistsweredeterminedtohelphumansrealisetheirdreamtoexplorespace.________________5．（教材P40）YuriGagarinbecamethefirstpersonintheworldtogointospace.________________6．（教材P41）Thesedisastersmadeeveryonesadanddisappointed,butthedesiretoexploretheuniverseneverdied.________________不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)不定式作定語(yǔ)以do為例，不定式的各種形式如下表：主動(dòng)形式被動(dòng)形式說(shuō)明一般式todotobedone不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生或在其后發(fā)生進(jìn)行式tobedoing/不定式的動(dòng)作與句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生完成式tohavedonetohavebeendone不定式的動(dòng)作發(fā)生在句中謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作之前1.不定式作定語(yǔ)（1）不定式作定語(yǔ)常表示將來(lái)的動(dòng)作。Thequestiontobediscussedatthemeetingisveryimportant.將在會(huì)議上討論的那個(gè)問(wèn)題非常重要。（2）不定式常放在某些名詞或代詞后作定語(yǔ)。如果作定語(yǔ)的不定式是不及物動(dòng)詞，或者不定式所修飾的名詞或代詞是不定式動(dòng)作的地點(diǎn)、工具等，不定式后需要加相應(yīng)的介詞。Hehasnopentowritewith.他沒(méi)有鋼筆寫字。（3）不定式用來(lái)修飾被序數(shù)詞、最高級(jí)或no,all,any等限定的中心詞，且與中心詞之間為邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。Heisalwaysthefirsttoarriveattheschoolandthelasttoleavetheschool.他總是第一個(gè)到校，最后一個(gè)離校。（4）被修飾詞是抽象名詞時(shí)，常用不定式作定語(yǔ)。常見(jiàn)的該類名詞有ability,chance,idea,hope,wish,fact,excuse,promise,attempt,way等。Theabilitytoexpressanideaisasimportantastheideaitself.表達(dá)觀點(diǎn)的能力與觀點(diǎn)本身同等重要。[即學(xué)即練]畫出下列句子中的不定式并判斷它們作誰(shuí)的定語(yǔ)①Ihavealotofthingstodotoday.答案：Ihavealotofthings

today.作things的定語(yǔ)②Therearetwoletterstobetyped.答案：Therearetwoletters

.作letters的定語(yǔ)③Let'sgoandgetsomethingtodrink.答案：Let'sgoandgetsomething

.作something的定語(yǔ)todotobetypedtodrink④There'snoneedtoworryatall.答案：There'snoneed

atall.作need的定語(yǔ)⑤Wehavearighttoknow.答案：Wehavearight

.作right的定語(yǔ)⑥Shedidn'thavethecouragetotellyouthat.答案：Shedidn'thavethecourage

youthat.作courage的定語(yǔ)⑦That'sprobablytheonlythingtodonow.答案：That'sprobablytheonlything

now.作theonlything的定語(yǔ)⑧Pleasegivemesomepapertowriteon.答案：Pleasegivemesomepaper

.作paper的定語(yǔ)toworrytoknowtotelltodotowriteon2．不定式作狀語(yǔ)（1）作目的狀語(yǔ)不定式作目的狀語(yǔ)意為“為了”，可以單獨(dú)放在句首、句中或句末。如果強(qiáng)調(diào)目的性，不定式前也可加inorder或soas，但soasto不能用于句首。Topassthecollegeentranceexam,wemustworkhard.為了通過(guò)大學(xué)入學(xué)考試，我們必須努力學(xué)習(xí)。Thebusstoppedinorderto/soastopickuppassengers.公共汽車停下來(lái)以便接載乘客。（2）作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)不定式作結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)常表示令人意外的結(jié)果。Tomtookataxitotheairport,onlytofindhisplanehighupinthesky.湯姆乘出租車去了機(jī)場(chǎng)，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他要乘坐的飛機(jī)已飛入高空。（3）作原因狀語(yǔ)①常用于“主語(yǔ)（人）＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞/過(guò)去分詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。形容詞或過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)，后可接不定式作原因狀語(yǔ)，用以說(shuō)明產(chǎn)生這種情緒的原因或所表示的情況，常用于這類結(jié)構(gòu)中的形容詞和過(guò)去分詞有sorry，surprised，disappointed，excited，glad，happy，anxious，delighted，pleased，foolish等。Wewereastonishedtofindthetemplestillinitsoriginalcondition.令我們吃驚的是，這座寺廟仍保持著最初的樣子。②常用于“主語(yǔ)（物）＋系動(dòng)詞＋形容詞＋todo”結(jié)構(gòu)中。這類形容詞有easy,difficult,hard,cheap，expensive,fit,comfortable,heavy,good,important,impossible,dangerous等，表示主語(yǔ)的特征或性質(zhì)，不定式和句子主語(yǔ)之間存在動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，但常用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義。Themorningairissogoodtobreathethathegetsupearlyeveryday.早上的空氣呼吸起來(lái)很清新，因此他每天都起得很早。[即學(xué)即練]畫出下列句子中的不定式并判斷它們作哪種類型的狀語(yǔ)①Theyranovertowelcomeus.答案：Theyranover

us.目的狀語(yǔ)②I'msorrytohearthat.答案：I'msorry

that.原因狀語(yǔ)③Thegirlsareeasytogetalongwith.答案：Thegirlsareeasy

.原因狀語(yǔ)towelcometoheartogetalongwith④Youarerighttosayso.答案：Youareright

.原因狀語(yǔ)⑤Shewasgladtoseeus.答案：Shewasglad

us.原因狀語(yǔ)⑥Nevertoooldtolearn.答案：Nevertooold

.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)⑦Itwastoolatetodoanythingnow.答案：Itwastoolate

anythingnow.結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)⑧Shewasunwillingtotakethejob.答案：Shewasunwilling

thejob.原因狀語(yǔ)tosaysotoseetolearntodototakeⅠ.單句語(yǔ)法填空1．Withalotofwork_________(do),shewasn'tallowedtoleaveheroffice.2．Theairport__________________(complete)nextyearwillhelppromotetourisminthisarea.3．Hehurriedtothetrainstation,only____________(find)thetrainhadleft.4．____________(save)energy,weturnoffthelightsforEarthHouronthelastSaturdayinMarch.todo

tobecompletedtofind

Tosave5．However，ourdiscussionsaremorethanjustaway____________(practice)ourdebatingskills.6．We'renevergoingtohaveenoughtime____________(explore)everything!7．Hewenttothestationhurriedlyonly____________(tell)thetrainhadleft.8．Iboughtsomeyoungtrees____________(plant)onthehill.9．Thebuilding____________(build)nextyearwillbeagym.10．Therearestilllotsofproblems____________(deal)with.topractice

toexplore

tobetoldtoplant

tobebuilt

tobedealtⅡ.語(yǔ)法填空Accordingtoarecentsurvey,violencedidexistinschools.Studentsshowedtheirfearandparentsandteachersalso1.____________(express)theirgreatconcernaboutit.Expertshope2.____________wholesocietypaysmoreattentiontothementalhealthofadolescents.Nowadays,schoolviolenceisahotissue.Ithinkthisisaphenomenon,which3.____________(call)forourgreatconcern.Weshouldmakeeveryeffort4.____________(prevent)schoolviolencefromhappeningatschool,formoreandmorestudentswoulddropoutofschooliftheirpersonal5.____________(safe)couldnotbeguaranteed.Infact,violencecanbelearned.6.____________(actual),childrenlearnviolencebehaviorfromadultsorfrom7.____________theyseeontelevisionorontheInternet.IfImeetwithschoolviolence,Iwillnotanswerviolencewithviolence,foritwillresultin8.____________(much)fighting.Iwilltellmyteachersorparentsaboutit.Ithinktheywillhelpmedealwithitwellandtheywillprotectmefromthebadguys.Allinall,westudentsshouldbehave9.____________(we)andkeepaway10.____________violence.[語(yǔ)篇解讀]校園暴力這一現(xiàn)象引起了老師和家長(zhǎng)的關(guān)注。本文介紹了校園暴力形成的原因以及阻止校園暴力的方法。1．解析：根