語法講座 (虛擬語氣)課件

語法講座虛擬語氣語氣是動詞的一種形式，表示說話人對某一行為或事情的看法和態(tài)度。英語中有三種語氣：陳述語氣，祈使語氣和虛擬語氣。

陳述語氣：表示動作或狀態(tài)是現(xiàn)實的、確定的或符合事實的，用于陳述句、疑問句和某些感嘆句。

祈使語氣：表示說話人對對方的請求或命令。

虛擬語氣：表示說話人所說的話并不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、愿望、懷疑或推測。語氣虛擬語氣的概念虛擬語氣是一種特殊的動詞形式，一是用來表示說話人所說的話不是事實，而是一種假設(shè)、猜測、懷疑等(常用在條件從句中或讓步狀語從句中)；二是用來表示說話人的愿望、要求、命令、建議等(常用在賓語從句、表語從句、同位語從句)。虛擬語氣一、虛擬語氣在條件狀語從句中的應(yīng)用虛擬條件句主句與現(xiàn)在事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+過去時(be用were)主語+should,would,might,could＋v.與過去事實相反的假設(shè)If+主語+過去完成時主語＋should,would,might,could＋havedone與將來事實相反的假設(shè)①If+主語+過去時②If+主語+wereto+v.③If+主語+should+v.主語＋should,would,might,could＋v.IfIwereyou,Iwouldworkharderatmylessons.Ifyouhadhurried,youcouldhavecaughtthetrain.IfIweretogoabroad,IwouldgotoNewZealand.使用虛擬條件句要注意：⒈當(dāng)條件狀語從句表示的行為和主句表示的行為所發(fā)生的時間不一致時，被稱為：錯綜時間條件句，動詞的形式要根據(jù)它所表示的時間作出相應(yīng)的調(diào)整。Ifyouhadfollowedmyadvice,youwouldbebetternow.⒉省略句

在條件句中，可省略if，把were,had,should提到句首，變?yōu)榈寡b句式。WereIatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.=IfIwereatschoolagain,Iwouldstudyharder.Hadyoucomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.=Ifyouhadcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.Shoulditraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.=Ifitshouldraintomorrow,wewouldnotgoclimbing.二、虛擬語氣在名詞性從句中的運用⑴用于賓語從句⒈在wish后面的賓語從句中，一般用虛擬語氣，表示一種不可能或難以實現(xiàn)的愿望。其謂語動詞形式為：

Iwish(that)Iwereabird.Iwish(that)Ihadseenthefilmlastnight.Iwish(that)Icouldgotothemoonforaholidaysomeday.從句的時態(tài)只與從句所指的時間有關(guān)，而與wish的時態(tài)無關(guān)。IwishIwererich.要是我現(xiàn)在有錢就好了。IwishedIwererich.當(dāng)時我后悔自己沒有錢。時間賓語從句的謂語動詞表現(xiàn)在過去時表過去過去完成時表將來would,might,could＋v.⒉用于表示命令、建議、要求等一類詞(ask,

insist,order,advise,command,suggest,propose,require,request,demand,desireetc.)后面的賓語從句，其中should可以省略。ThePartyaskedthatwe(should)servethepeoplewithourheartandsoul.黨要求我們要全心全意地為人民服務(wù)。Isuggestthatthesportsmeet(should)beputofftillnextweek.我建議運動會推遲到下星期舉行。Heinsistedthathe(should)gotothepartywithyou.他堅決要求要和你一起去參加晚會。注意：當(dāng)suggest表示“暗示、表明”，insist表示“堅持認(rèn)為”之意時，應(yīng)用陳述語氣。Hissmilesuggestedthathehadsucceededinthisexam.他的微笑表明他在考試中成功了。Themaninsistedthathehadn’tstolenthemoney.那個人堅持說他沒有偷錢。⒉在Itisdemanded/suggested/ordered/required….that-clause句型中從句用(should)+動詞原型。Itisdemandedthatweshouldworkoutaplan.⒊在Itisapity/ashame/nowonderthat…..句型中從句也常用(should)+動詞原型。It’sapitythatyou(should)missagoodchance.三、虛擬語氣在特殊句型中的運用⑴

Itis(high/about)timethat…從句中的謂語動詞用過去式或should＋動詞原形，should不能省略。Itishightimethatyouwent/shouldgotoschool.⑵Ifonly引導(dǎo)的感嘆句(要是…該有多好啊)表示現(xiàn)在的情況，應(yīng)用過去式；如果是過去的情況，應(yīng)用過去完成時態(tài)。IfonlyIknewtheanswer!IfonlyIhadseenthefilmyesterday!實戰(zhàn)演習(xí)1.Ifonlyhe___quietlyasthedoctorinstructed,hewouldnotsuffersomuchnow.A.lies B.lay C.hadlain D.shouldlie2.HowIwisheveryfamily___alargehousewithabeautifulgarden.A.has B.had C.willhave D.hadhad3.Youdidnotletmedrive.Ifwe___inturn,you___sotired.A.drove;didn’tget B.drove;wouldn’tgetC.weredriving;wouldn’tget D.haddriven;wouldn’thavegot4.___itraintomorrow,wewouldhavetoputoffthevisittotheYangpuBridge.A.Were B.Should C.Would D.Will5.Isuggestedtheperson___tobeputintoprison.A.refers B.referring C.referred D.refer11.___theclouds,youwouldfindtheairplaneintheskyeasily.A.Haditnotbeenfor B.IfitwerenotC.Ifithadnotbeenfor D.Wereitnotfor12.Ifmylawyer___herelastSunday,he___mefromgoing.A.were;prevent B.hadbeen;wouldhavepreventedC.hadbeen;wouldprevent D.were;wouldhaveprevented13.___hard,hewouldhavepassedtheexam.A.Ifheweretowork B.HadheworkedC.Shouldhework D.Werehetowork14.___today,hewouldgettherebyFriday.A.Hadheleft B.Ifhehadleft C.Didhetoleave D.Werehetoleave15.Hadyoulistenedtothedoctor,you___allrightnow.A.are B.were C.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen16.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.come B.didcome C.hascome D.hadcome17.He___busyyesterday,orhe___youwithyourexperiment.A.was;hadhelped B.was;wouldhavehelpedC.were;wouldhavehelped D.hadbeen;wouldhavehelped18.Ifit___forthesnow,we___themountainyesterday.A.werenot;couldclimb B.werenot;couldhaveclimbC.hadn’tbeen;couldclimb D.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbed19.Withoutelectricity,humanlife___quitedifficulttoday.A.is B.willbe C.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen20.“Iamgoingtotellherthenews.”“Iwouldassoonyou___heraboutit.”A.didn’ttell B.don’ttell C.hadn’ttell D.won’ttell21.Mike’sfather,aswellashismother,insistedhe___home.A.stayed B.couldstay C.hasstayed D.stay22.Itwasrequestedthattheplay___again.A.puton B.wouldputon C.beputon D.shouldputon23.Sheinsistedthatadoctor___immediately.A.send B.hadsentfor C.besentfor D.wassent24.“Didyouscoldhimforhiscarelessness.”“Yes,but___it.”A.I’drathernotdo B.I’drathernothavedoneC.Ishouldn’tdo D.I’dbetternotdo25.IfonlyI___mycar.A.hadn’tlost B.didn’tlose C.haven’tlost D.wouldn’tlose26.Butforwater,it___impossibletoliveintheearth.A.is B.would C.were D.wouldn’tbe27.Iwouldratheryou___anythingaboutitforthetimebeing.A.do B.didn’tdo C.don’t D.didn’t28.Thekind-heartedcoupletreattheorphanverywellasthoughhe___theirownson.A.is B.were C.hadbeen D.shouldbe29.Howtheoldpeoplewishthatthey___youngoncemore.A.were B.hadbeen C.shouldbe D.couldbecome30.Itishightimethatwe___ameetingtodiscussthisproblem.A.hold B.held C.haveheld D.hadheld31.Thethiefclosedhiseyes___he___dying.A.evenif;was B.asif;were C.even;hadbeen D.though;wouldbe32.Iwishthatyou___suchabadheadachebecauseIamsurethatyouwouldhaveenjoyedtheconcert.A.hadnot B.hadn’thave C.hadn’thad D.didnothavehad33.Thechairmaninsistedthatwe___thequestionagain.A.willdiscuss B.todiscuss C.shoulddiscuss D.willbediscussed34.Herequestedthatthestudents___themgetincrops.A.help B.tohelp C.helped D.helping35.Theguardatthegateinsistedthateverybody___therules.A.obeys B.obey C.willobey D.wouldobey41.Theteacherdemandedthattheexam___beforeeleven.A.mustfinish B.mustbefinishedC.befinished D.wouldbefinished42.“Sorry,Joe.Ididnotmeanto…”“Don’tcallme‘Joe”,IamMrParkertoyou,and___youforgetit!”A.do B.didn’t C.did D.don’t43.IdidnotattendthelecturebyPro.Jackson.I___butI___allthismorning.A.couldhave;hadwashing B.could;havebeenwashingC.would;havewashed D.wouldhave;havebeenwashing44.HowIwishI___torepairthewatch!Ionlymadeitworse.A.hadtried B.hadn’ttried C.havetried D.didn’ttry45.“HowcouldIthankyouenough?”“Don’tmentionit.Anyotherman___it.”A.mustdo B.coulddoC.wouldhavedone D.shouldhavedone46.KeyEuropeangovernmentsinsistIraq’sco-operation___goodandmilitaryaction___toallowinspectionstocontinue.A.is;delay B.be;bedelayed C.is;bedelayed D.shouldbe;bedelayed47.Ifthehurricanehadhappenedduringtheday-time,___moredeaths.A.itwouldhavebeen B.itwouldbeC.therewouldbe D.therewouldhavebeen48.Whatthecustomers___fromthecompanyisthatthegoods___righttotheirhomes.A.requested;deliver B.demand;bedeliveredC.request;shoulddeliver D.demand;delivered49.Iflaw-breakers___thesocietywillbeindisorder.A.madeunpunished B.cameunpunishedC.wentunpunished D.notpunished50.Wetookataxitotheairport.Otherwisewe___late.A.wouldbe B.were C.willbe D.wouldhavebeen56.Ididnotseeyoursisteratthemeeting.Ifshe___,shewouldhavemetmybrother.A.hascome B.didcome C.hadcome D.came57.We___lastnight,butwewenttothecinemainstead.A.mightstudy B.wouldstudyC.musthavestudied D.wouldhavestudied58.Ifit___thesnow,we___theSimianMountainlastweek.A.werenot;couldclimb B.hadnotbeen;couldhaveclimbedC.hadnotbeen;couldclimb D.werenot;couldhaveclimbed59.Withoutelectricityhumanlife___quitedifferenttodayA.is B.willbe C.wouldbe D.wouldhavebeen60.IwishI___youyesterday.A.seen B.didsee C.hadseen D.weretosee61.Hetalksasifhe___forages.A.islivingthere B.hadlivedthereC.haslivedthere D.waslivingthere62.Thejudgeorderedthethief___punished.A.shouldbe B.wouldbe C.wastobe D.mustbe63.Herpalefacesuggestedthatshe___ill,andherparentssuggestedthatshe___amedicalexamination.A.was;has B.was;have C.should;had D.be;shouldhave64.Theyaretalking___theyhadknowneachotherforyears.A.asif B.evenif C.like D.because65.HadyoudoneasItoldyou,you___.A.wouldsucceed B.wouldhavesucceededC.weretosucceed D.shouldsucceed71.Itisnecessarythathe___tothelabrightnow.A.come B.came C.wouldcome D.iscoming72.Butthathe___it,hewouldn’thavebelievedit.A.see B.saw C.sees D.hadseen73.Theirsuggestionisthatthewoundedsoldiers___tohospitalatonce.A.besent B.issent C.wassent D.shouldsend74.IwouldbuythatcarbutI___enoughmoney.A.donothave B.didnothave C.hadnothad D.willnothave75.Ifonlywe___aboutthedanger,wecouldn’thavejoinedyou.A.knew B.hadknown C.wouldknow D.shouldknow76.Itwasorderedthatnosmoking___inthelibrary.A.wasallowed B.hadbeenallowedC.beallowed D.wouldbeallowed77.___youcomeearlier,youwouldhavemethim.A.Should B.Could C.Would D.Had78.“Youshouldhavefinishedyourhomeworkearlier.”“IknowbutI___thetime.”A.don’thave B.didn’thave C.won’thave D.hadnot79.Itriedhisbestineverything,___hewouldn’thavebeenwhathewas.A.otherwise B.but C.and D.butthat80.HowIwishI___suchagoodchancebefore.A.didn’tmiss B.havemet C.met D.hadn’tmissed81.___yourletter,Iwouldhavestartedofftwodaysago.A.IfIreceived B.HadIreceivedC.ShouldIreceived D.IfIcouldhavereceived82.IwouldaskTomtolendusmoneyifI___him.A.hadknown B.knew C.know D.haveknown83.Ifit___tomorrow,whatshallwedo?A.rains B.wouldrain C.rained D.shouldrain84.Ifhe___comeafewminutesearlier,youwouldhavemethim.A.would B.s