考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇1

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買！第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

Thepolicechiefannouncedthatthedeathsoftwoyounggirlswouldsoonbeinquired（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.about

B.of

C.into

D.after

【答案】C

【解析】考查詞組辨析。inquireabout“詢問；查問；打聽”；inquireof“詢問；打聽”inquireinto“調(diào)查；追究”；inquireafter“問候；詢問起”。句意：警察局長宣布著兩位年輕女孩的死因?qū)ⅠR上被調(diào)查。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.寫作題

Writeanessayofabout250to300wordsonthetopic“CulturalDifferenceandIntegration"accordingtotheideagivenbelowinChinese.

不同文化是各民族社會(huì)生活存在和發(fā)展的外在表現(xiàn)形式，其差異性表現(xiàn)有適應(yīng)于其文化個(gè)性發(fā)展的環(huán)境、條件和進(jìn)程，但是國際化的發(fā)展使得文化的融合和整合成為必然的趨勢，在這一潮流中文化的融合和民族文化的傳承和個(gè)性發(fā)揚(yáng)似乎是矛盾的存在，談?wù)勀愕目捶ê椭鲝垺?/p>

【答案】范文：

CulturalDifferenceandIntegration3.翻譯題

Iwasdeeplyshockedbyarecentsurveythatsuggested30percentofjobapplicantsembellishedthetruthorliedonacurriculumvitae.Canthefigurereallybethatlow?（1）IhadalwaysassumedCVswerefilledwithevasions,half-truthsanddownrightuntruths.But,thenewsthatmerely70percentofworkersarehonesthasshakenmylackoffaithinmyfellowhumans.Theonlyconsolationisthatpeopleoftenfibinanonymoussurveys,justastheydoonresumes,whichmeanstherealproportionmaybehigher.

OnepredictionrangtruefromtheresearchbytheCharteredInstituteofEducationalAssessors.(2).Itwasthattheincentiveforfalsehoodisgrowing,asunemploymentballoonsandcompetitionforjobsrises.IncomingmonthsrecruiterswillthereforebebombardedwithCVsmakingextremelymisleadingclaims.

Itwasthesameduringthedownturnoftheearly1990s.Then,oneacquaintanceobtainedagraduatetraineeshipatalargebankbybumpinghisthird-classdegreeuptoa2:1.Ajournalistcolleaguemeanwhileadmittedtomethathisdegreefromatopuniversitywasentirelyfictional.(3).AnothercontemporaryexplainedawayayearlosttoboneidlenessbytellingprospectiveemployersthathehadbeenwritingafieldguidetothewildflowersofthePyrenees（比利牛斯山脈）.InighthaveliedonmyownCV,ifaneastcoastScottishupbringingbadnotlumberedmewiththesubliminalconvictionthatIwouldburnforeternityinhellifIdid.

(4).Acompanywhoseservicesincludebackgroundchecksonjobapplicants,saysthatinaccuraciesonCVsdivideintothreemaingroups.First,therearehonestmistakes,typicallymadewhencandidatesmuddledates.Second,thereisdeliberatefibbingaboutqualifications.MrThomassays:"Alietold20yearsagotogetajobcanbecomepartoftheliar'sreality.Sohetellsitagainwhenheswitchesjobs,eventhoughhehasbecomeasuccessfulfinancedirector."Third,applicantscloseupsuspiciousgapsintheiremploymenthistory.InonecaseinvestigatedbyKroll,acandidateturnedouttohavespentathree-monthgapinprisonforfraud.

About65percentofbusinessestakeupreferencesforshortlistedjobapplicants,accordingtoresearchbytheCharteredInstituteofPersonnelandDevelopment.Fewerthanhalfsaidtheyfoundoutanythinguseful.(5).Thisishardlysurprisingnowthatthefearoflitigationpreventspastemployersfromsayinganythingmorerevealingthan:"Yes,Derekworkedforus.Hehasabeardandknowsabitaboutdatabases."Lessthan40percentofbusinessesbothertocheckacademicandprofessionalqualifications.

ReadthepassagecarefullyandtranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChinese

【答案】1.我一直認(rèn)為簡歷中充斥著借口，半真半假和徹頭徹尾的謊言。但那則只有70%的工人是誠實(shí)的新聞讓我對(duì)我自己的想法感到疑惑。

2.虛假動(dòng)機(jī)正在逐漸增加。因此，在未來幾個(gè)月中，招聘人員會(huì)見到更多的足以誤導(dǎo)其決策的簡歷。

3.同時(shí)期的另外一個(gè)人也曾向雇主謊稱自己曾花一年的時(shí)間編纂過有關(guān)比利牛斯山野花的一本野外工作指南，而其實(shí)那東西是臨時(shí)抱佛腳的產(chǎn)物。

4.一個(gè)對(duì)求職者做背景調(diào)查的服務(wù)公司說，簡歷的不準(zhǔn)確分為三組。第一，誠實(shí)的錯(cuò)誤，確實(shí)是候選人搞錯(cuò)了日期。

5.對(duì)訴訟案的恐懼導(dǎo)致以往的雇主不敢說除了“是的，迪瑞克曾為我們工作。他留著胡子，對(duì)我們的數(shù)據(jù)有所了解”以外的話,這些在當(dāng)今都不足為奇。

4.單選題

Theirfindingsareconsistentwithsomeoftheestablishedtheoriesonlongevity.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.compatible

B.coherent

C.compact

D.competent

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。consistent表示“一致的”。A項(xiàng)compatible“兼容的，能共處的”，B項(xiàng)coherent“連貫的，一致的”，C項(xiàng)compact“緊湊的，堅(jiān)實(shí)的”，D項(xiàng)competent“勝任的，有能力的”；句意：他們的發(fā)現(xiàn)與一些關(guān)于長壽的既定理論相一致。根據(jù)句意該題選B。

5.翻譯題

Asafashionableleisureactivity,travelingisfavoredbyagrowingnumberofpeople.Duetotherapiddevelopmentofeconomy,theimprovementoflivingstandardandthegovernment’ssupportoftourism,travelingisbecomingmoreandmorepopularinChina.Travelinghasgraduallybecomeanessentialpartofpeople’sdailylife.Onholidays,numerousChinesetouristswouldswarmintoscenicspotsacrosstheworld.Whentraveling,peoplecanbroadentheirhorizons,enrichtheirknowledgeandappreciatebeautifulnaturallandscapes,whichwouldeventuallyhelptorelaxthemselvesphysicallyandmentally.

【答案】旅游作為一種時(shí)尚的休閑活動(dòng)，為越來越多的人所喜愛。經(jīng)濟(jì)的迅猛發(fā)展、生活水平的提高，以及政府對(duì)旅游業(yè)的支持使得旅游在中國越來越流行。旅游已逐步成為人們?nèi)粘Ｉ畋夭豢缮俚牟糠?。每逢假期，大批的中國游客就?huì)涌入世界各地的景點(diǎn)。旅游時(shí)人們可以開闊視野，增長知識(shí)，欣賞大自然的美麗風(fēng)光，最終得以放松身心。

6.翻譯題

美國財(cái)政部長亨利?保爾森昨天以上海為終點(diǎn)結(jié)束了他對(duì)亞洲三國的訪問。作為美國總統(tǒng)的首席經(jīng)濟(jì)政策顧問和最主要的經(jīng)濟(jì)事務(wù)發(fā)言人，保爾森昨天上午在上海期貨交易所所發(fā)表的主題講演被認(rèn)為是布什政府對(duì)華經(jīng)濟(jì)政策的最新闡述。在昨天的講演中，保爾森多次強(qiáng)調(diào)中國的經(jīng)濟(jì)增長不僅不具有威脅性，而且對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的增長有好處。他表示，美國歡迎中國發(fā)展并成為全球經(jīng)濟(jì)中的一員。

【答案】HenryPaulson,TreasurySecretary,leftShanghaiyesterday,wherehemadeanendofthevisittothethreecountriesinAsia.AsthechiefeconomicpolicyconsultantandeconomicaffairsspokesmanoftheAmericapresident,PaulsondeliveredakeynoteaddressinShanghaiFuturesExchange.AndtheaddresswasviewedasthelatestexpositionoftheeconomicpoliciesoftheBush-administrationtowardsChina.Duringthespeech,PaulsonrepeatedlyemphasizedthatChina’seconomicgrowthhasbenefitbutnothreattotheglobaleconomicgrowth.HedeclaredthatAmericawelcomesthedevelopmentofChinatobecomeamemberoftheglobaleconomy.

【解析】

7.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Exceptionalchildrenaredifferentinsomesignificantwayfromothersofthesameage.Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences.

Althoughwefocusontheneedsofexceptionalchildren,wefindourselvesdescribingtheirenvironmentaswell.Whiletheleadingactoronthestagecapturesourattention,weareawareoftheimportanceofthesupportingplayersandthesceneryoftheplayitself.Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment.Anditisinthepublicschoolsthatwefindthefullexpressionofsociety’sunderstanding—theknowledge,hopesandfearsthatarepassedontothenextgeneration.

Educationinanysocietyismirrorofthatsociety.Inthatmirrorwecanseethestrengths,theweakness,thehopes,theprejudices,andthecentralvaluesofthecultureitself.Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities.

“Allmenarecreatedequal.”We’vehearditmanytimes,butitstillhasimportantmeaningforeducationinademocraticsociety.Althoughthephrasewasusedbythiscountry’sfounderstodenoteequalitybeforethelaw,ithasalsobeeninterpretedtomeanequalityofopportunity.Thatconceptimplieseducationalopportunityforallchildren—therightofeachchildtoreceivehelpinlearningtothelimitsofhisorhercapacity,whetherthatcapacitybesmallorgreat.Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms.

1.Whatisthepurposeforauthortocitetheexampleofstageinparagraph2?

2.Whydoespublicpaymuchattentiontoexceptionaleducation?

3.WhichoneofthefollowingactionshasNOTbeentakentofacilitateexceptionaleducation?

4.Theword“substantially”inparagraph4isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Whatisthemainideaofthispassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowthoseexceptionalchildrenaremoreeasilyinfluencedthannormalchildren.

B.Toindicatethoseexceptionalchildrenhavegreatpotentials.

C.Toidentifyallmenareborntobeequal.

D.Toillustratetheimportanceofenvironmentsuchasfamilyandsociety.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Exceptionaleducationisapartofcompulsoryeducation.

B.Thebeliefthatexceptionalchildrenshoulddeveloptheirpotentialsaswell.

C.Exceptionaleducationhasbeenunderestimatedforalongtime.

D.Exceptionaleducationisareflectionofsociety.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Courtshaveconfirmedtherightforexceptionalchildrentoreceiveeducation.

B.Governmentshavemadepoliciestoprotectexceptionaleducation.

C.Schoolsareforcedbycourtstotakeactionstooffereducationforexceptionalchildren.

D.Schoolshaveappropriatedprogramsandinstructiontosatisfytheneedofexceptionalchildren.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.stunningly

B.generally

C.adequately

D.fundamentally

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thenecessityofadaptingeducationtoexceptionalchildren.

B.Thespecialtyofexceptionalchildren.

C.Theintroductionofeducationprograms.

D.Theresponsibilitiesofgovernmentforthoseexceptionalchildren.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。通過列舉了舞臺(tái)的例子，作者強(qiáng)調(diào)了配角和劇中布景的重要性，結(jié)合下文Boththefamilyandthesocietyinwhichexceptionalchildrenliveareoftenthekeytotheirgrowthanddevelopment（特殊兒童所生活的家庭和社會(huì)往往是他們成長和發(fā)展的關(guān)鍵）可知，對(duì)特殊兒童而言，家庭和社會(huì)環(huán)境也是很重要的，因此D選項(xiàng)“說明環(huán)境的重要性，如家庭和社會(huì)”正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由第三段第三句Thegreatinterestinexceptionalchildrenshowninpubliceducationoverthepastthreedecadesindicatesthestrongfeelinginoursocietythatallcitizens,whatevertheirspecialconditions,deservetheopportunitytofullydeveloptheircapabilities（在過去的30年中，公共教育對(duì)特殊兒童的極大興趣表明了我們社會(huì)中的一種強(qiáng)烈想法，那就是所有的公民，無論其情況有多特殊，都應(yīng)享有充分發(fā)展其能力的機(jī)會(huì)）可推斷出B選項(xiàng)“特殊兒童也應(yīng)該開發(fā)他們的潛能的信念”符合題意。

第3題:事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。需注意題干中的NOT，因此要找出文中沒有提及的措施。由第四段第五句Recentcourtdecisionshaveconfirmedtherightofallchildren—disabledornot—toanappropriateeducation,andhaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation（最近的法院判決確認(rèn)了所有兒童，無論殘疾與否，都有接受適當(dāng)教育的權(quán)利，并命令公立學(xué)校采取必要措施提供這種教育）可排除A選項(xiàng)和C選項(xiàng)；由本文最后一句Inresponse,schoolsaremodifyingtheirprogram,adaptinginstructiontochildrenwhoareexceptional,tothosewhocannotprofitsubstantiallyfromregularprograms（作為回應(yīng)，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，使教學(xué)能夠適應(yīng)特殊兒童，那些不能從常規(guī)課程中真正獲益的兒童的需要）可排除D選項(xiàng)，因此B選項(xiàng)為正確答案。

第4題:語義推測題。根據(jù)上下文可知，學(xué)校正在調(diào)整課程，以適應(yīng)特殊兒童的需要，因此可以推斷出，常規(guī)課程是不足以應(yīng)對(duì)特殊兒童的，substantially應(yīng)為“足夠的”，C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。解題關(guān)鍵句通常在第一段或最后一段，由第一段第二句Forthesechildrentodeveloptotheirfulladultpotential,theireducationmustbeadaptedtothosedifferences（為了讓這些孩子充分發(fā)展他們成年后的潛能，他們的教育必須適應(yīng)這些差異）可知A選項(xiàng)“使教育適應(yīng)殘疾兒童的必要性”為正確答案。

8.單選題

Inthatcountry,gueststendtofeeltheyarenothighly（

）iftheinvitationtoadinnerpartyisextendedonlythreeorfourdaysbeforethepartydate.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.admired

B.regarded

C.expected

D.worshipped

【答案】B

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:在那個(gè)國家，假如客人們在宴會(huì)前3-4天才收到邀請(qǐng)，他們會(huì)覺得主人對(duì)他們不夠（

）。admire:贊美，羨慕;regard:尊重，重視;expect:期望，指望;worship:崇拜，禮拜，愛慕。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

U.S.SecretaryofStateRice（）athree-daytriptotheMiddleEastwithanagreement

fromIsraeliandPalestinianleaderstoholdmeetingseverytwoweeks.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.endedup

B.wrappedup

C.roundedup

D.summedup

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞組辨析。endup“結(jié)束；死亡”；wrapup“包裹；圓滿完成”；roundup“圍捕；趕攏”；sumup“總結(jié)，概述”。句意：美國國務(wù)卿賴斯……中東為期三天的訪問，與以色列和巴勒斯坦領(lǐng)導(dǎo)人達(dá)成協(xié)議，每兩周舉行會(huì)議。endup后如果要接名詞，必須有with。因此B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

Ithaslongbeenknownthattherateofoxidativemetabolism(theprocessthatusesoxygentoconvertfoodintoenergy)inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns.Thehighmetabolicrateofsmallanimals,forexample,givesthemsustainedpowerandactivityperunitofweight,butatthecostofrequiringconstantconsumptionoffoodandwater.Verylargeanimals,withtheirrelativelylowmetabolicrates,cansurvivewellonasporadicfoodsupply,butcangeneratelittlemetabolicenergypergramofbodyweight.Ifonlyoxidativemetabolicrateisconsidered,therefore,onemightassumethatsmaller,moreactive,animalscouldpreyonlargerones,atleastiftheyattackedingroups.Perhapstheycouldifitwerenotforanaerobicglycolysis,thegreatequalizer.

Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider.Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal.If,forexample,somepredatorshadattackeda100-tendinosaur,normallytorpid,thedinosaurwouldhavebeenabletogeneratealmostinstantaneously,viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.Thisexplainshowmanylargespecieshavemanagedtocompetewiththeirmoreactiveneighbors:thecompensationforalowoxidativemetabolicrateisglycolysis.

Therearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation.Theglycogenreservesofanyanimalaregood,atmost,foronlyabouttwominutesatmaximumeffort,afterwhichonlythenormaloxidativemetabolicsourceofenergyremains.Withtheconclusionofaburstofactivity,thelacticacidlevelishighinthebodyfluids,leavingthelargeanimalvulnerableto

attackuntiltheacidisreconverted,viaoxidativemetabolism,bytheliverintoglucose,whichisthensent(inpart)backtothemusclesforglycogenresynthesis.Duringthisprocesstheenormousenergydebtthattheanimalhasrunupthroughanaerobicglycolysismustberepaid,adebtthatisproportionallymuchgreaterforthelargervertebratesthanforthesmallerones.Whereasthetinyshrewcanreplaceinminutestheglycogenusedformaximumeffort,forexample,thegiganticdinosaurwouldhaverequiredmorethanthreeweeks.Itmightseemthatthisinterminablylongrecoverytimeinalargevertebratewouldproveagravedisadvantageforsurvival.Fortunately,muscleglycogenisusedonlywhenneededandeventhenonlyinwhateverquantityisnecessary.Onlyintimesofpanicorduringmortalcombatwouldtheentirereservesbeconsumed.

Theprimarypurposeofthepassageisto（

）.

Accordingtotheauthor,amajorlimitationofanaerobicglycolysisisthatitcan（

）.

Thepassagesuggeststhatthetotalanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothevertebrate’ssizebecause（

）.

Theauthorismostprobablyaddressingwhichofthefollowingaudiences?

Whichofthefollowingbeststatesthecentralideaofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refuteamisconceptionaboutanaerobicglycolysis

B.explainanaerobicglycolysisanditseffectsonanimalsurvival

C.describethelimitationsofanaerobicglycolysis

D.analyzethechemistryofanaerobicglycolysisanditssimilaritytooxidativemetabolism

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.produceinlargeanimalsmorelacticacidthanthelivercansafelyreconvert

B.necessitateadangerouslylongrecoveryperiodinlargeanimals

C.produceenergymoreslowlythanitcanbeusedbylargeanimals

D.consumealloftheavailableglycogenregardlessofneed

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.largervertebratesconservemoreenergythansmallervertebrates

B.largervertebratesuselessoxygenperunitweightthansmallervertebrates

C.theabilityofavertebratetoconsumefoodisafunctionofitssize

D.theamountofmuscletissueinavertebrateisdirectlyrelatedtoitssize

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Collegestudentsinanintroductorycourseonanimalphysiology

B.Historiansofscienceinvestigatingthediscoveryofanaerobicglycolysis

C.Graduatestudentswithspecializedtrainingincomparativeanatomy

D.ZoologistsinterestedinPrehistoricanimals

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thedisadvantageofalowoxidativemetabolicrateinlargeanimalscanbeoffsetbytheirabilitytoconvertsubstantialamountsofglycogenintoenergy.

B.Themostsignificantproblemfacinganimalsthathaveusedanaerobicglycolysisforenergyistheresynthesisofitsbyproduct,glucose,intoglycogen.

C.Thebenefitstoanimalsofanaerobicglycolysisareoffsetbytheprofoundcoststhatmustbepaid.

D.Themajorfactorensuringthatalargeanimalwilltriumphoverasmalleranimalisthelargeanimal’sabilitytoproduceenergyviaanaerobicglycolysis

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】文章第一段提到動(dòng)作的氧化代謝率對(duì)它們生存方式造成的影響（inanyanimalhasaprofoundeffectonitslivingpatterns）；第二段解釋無氧糖酵解（Anaerobicglycolysisisaprocessinwhichenergyisproduced,withoutoxygen,throughthebreakdownofmuscleglycogenintolacticacidandadenosinetriphosphate(ATP),theenergyprovider）；第三段提到了無氧糖酵解的不足以及對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響。綜上所述，選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

文章第三段第一句提到了補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌裕╰herearelimitations,however,tothiscompensation），指出動(dòng)物由于無氧糖酵解所導(dǎo)致的大量能量消耗必須得到補(bǔ)償，然后又通過小松鼠為例來說明小型動(dòng)物補(bǔ)償?shù)臅r(shí)間短，而大型動(dòng)物則需要很長的時(shí)間才能完成補(bǔ)償，這就是補(bǔ)償?shù)木窒扌?。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

文章第二段第二句話Theamountofenergythatcanbeproducedanaerobicallyisafunctionoftheamountofglycogenpresent——inallvertebratesabout0.5percentoftheirmuscles’netweight.Thustheanaerobicenergyreservesofavertebrateareproportionaltothesizeoftheanimal提到了無氧糖酵解與動(dòng)物體型的關(guān)系。隨后舉了恐龍的例子來解釋說明肌肉越多，糖原質(zhì)的含量就越多，體型大，肌肉多，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

文章主要介紹無氧糖酵解對(duì)動(dòng)物的生存產(chǎn)生的影響，沒有使用一些非?；逎y懂的專業(yè)知識(shí)，因此作者最可能針對(duì)的是剛剛接觸相關(guān)學(xué)科的人群。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

文章主要提及了氧化代謝率較低的大型動(dòng)物的不利原因。作者通過舉了恐龍這種大型動(dòng)物來說明自己的觀點(diǎn)，比如一只100噸重的恐龍可以通過無氧糖酵解產(chǎn)生3000個(gè)人進(jìn)行氧化新陳代謝（viaanaerobicglycolysis,theenergyof3,000humansatmaximumoxidativemetabolicenergyproduction.）產(chǎn)生的最大的能量，從而保證大型動(dòng)物能在激烈的叢林中生存。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Theexperimentsoftenscientistswere（）inthereport.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.embodied

B.submerged

C.intensified

D.replied

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)embodied“呈現(xiàn)；體現(xiàn)”；B選項(xiàng)submerged“淹沒；沉浸”；C選項(xiàng)intensified“加?。患訌?qiáng)”；D選項(xiàng)replied“回答；回復(fù)”。句意：十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)都……在這份報(bào)告中。主語是experimentsoftenscientists“十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)”，句中缺少謂語動(dòng)詞，由inthereport“在這份報(bào)告中”可知，這一份報(bào)告囊括了十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)，也即是說這份報(bào)告呈現(xiàn)了十位科學(xué)家的實(shí)驗(yàn)。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

12.單選題

WhentheBastillefellin1789,manyobserversconcludedthatFrancehadjoinedtheUnitedStatesintheattempttobecomeanenlightenedrepublic.Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.Scholarshipfallsintotwogeneralcamps:authorswhocomparetherevolutions’trajectoriesandachievements;andthosewhoareinterestedinimpact,howeachcountryinfluencedtheother.BothapproachesarecentraltonarrativesoftheearlyUnitedStates,affectinginterpretationsofnationalism,politicallife,andtheeconomy,amongotherissues.

Forallthatweknowaboutthese'sisterrepublics,’PhilippZiesche’sCosmopolitanPatriotsandDoinaPascaHarsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaremindushowmuchremainsunderexplored.TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.ZieschefocusesoneliteAmericanswhoweredrawntoParisforideologicalandeconomicreasons,whileHarsanyiconsidersFrenchnobleswhofoundthemselvesonthewrongsideofrevolutionandendedupintemporaryexileinPhiladelphia.Forbothhistorians,theseemigrantsofferanadvantageousperspectivebecauseoftheirdislocation.Althoughthemotivationforeachgroup’smovediffered(onewasvoluntarily,theothernot),marginalityintheirhostnationsledthemtoreflect,withkeeninsight,onwhattheUnitedStatescouldlearnfromFranceandviceversa.Theirexperiences,theauthorsargue,showushowsomeinfluentialmenmadesenseofthereverberationsofrevolutions.

PhilippZiesche’sAmericansinParisarefamiliarfaces,includingThomasJefferson,GouverneurMorris,ThomasPaine,JoelBarlow,andJamesMonroe.ForZiesche’spurposes,what’smostimportantaboutthese“patriots”istheircosmopolitanism—theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.ThisnotionencouragedthemtotraveltoParisinthe1790s,thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.Buttheprojectofcreatingrepublicannationswas,toacertainextent,atoddswithcosmopolitanism,sincenations,itwasbelieved,reflectedthemoresandmannersuniquetoapopulationandplace.Zieschepointsout,however,thatindividualnationalprojectsalwayslookedelsewhereforinstruction,andtheyderivedlegitimacy,inpart,fromofficialrecognitionbyothernations.Universalismwasaninescapablecomponentofnationalism.

The‘cosmopolitanpatriots’werewellawareofthetensionbetweentheparticularandtheuniversalinthemakingofrepublicannations,andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates.Eachchapterexploresanaspectofthisproblemthroughoneormoreindividuals,allthewhileprogressingchronologicallythroughthedecade.ZieschebeginswithThomasJeffersonandGouverneurMorrisandtheirimpressionsofthenewFrenchconstitutionof1789,andhethenconsidersthedivergentstancesofWilliamShortandJeffersonontheJacobinsandrevolutionaryviolence.

1.Whatmakesscholarshipfallintothetwocampsaccordingtothepassage?

2.WhatisthecommongroundbetweenthetwohistoriansofPhilippZiescheandDoinaPascaHarsanyi?

3.Theword“elided”inParagraph3refersto（）.

4.Whoarethose“cosmopolitanpatriots”accordingtothepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingstatementscanbeaddedtothepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Whothosecosmopolitanpatriotsare.

B.Whatthosecosmopolitanpatriotsdidtothenewrepublics.

C.TherelationshipbetweenAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolutionintheeighteenthcentury.

D.ThelessonsfromAmericanRevolutionandFrenchRevolution.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thesameexplanationofnationalismanduniversalism.

B.TheexplorativeexplanationoftheconnectionsbetweenrevolutionstakingplaceintheUnitedStatesandFrancefromtheperspectiveofmigrants.

C.ThecommoninterestinfindingthesamedrivebehindtheAmericannationalismandFrenchnationalism.

D.Thebeliefthatallmenareunitedbythesamesetofvalues.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.elicited

B.elevated

C.ignored

D.illustrated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.TheinfluentialAmericanimmigrantsinFrance.

B.ThoseelitesinbothintheUnitedStatesandFrance.

C.EmigrantsbothfromtheUnitedStatesandFrance.

D.FrenchnoblesintheUnitedStates.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Harsanyi’sLessonsfromAmericaconsideredhowtheexperiencesofexiledFrenchmeninPhiladelphiashapedtheirhopesfortheFrenchgovernment.

B.WhatthedifferencesbetweentheUnitedStatesandFranceare.

C.WhytheUnitedStatesandFrancearebothcalledrepublic.

D.WhytheBastillefell.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第一段第二句“Eversince,eyewitnesses―andthenhistorians—havesoughttoexplainthecomplexconnectionsbetweentheserevolutions.”，可知從那時(shí)起，一些見證者和歷史學(xué)家試圖解釋這些復(fù)雜革命之間的相互聯(lián)系。所以是法國革命和美國革命之間的相互聯(lián)系使學(xué)術(shù)界分成了兩大陣營。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句“TheseworksshednewlightontherelationshipbetweenFranceandtheUnitedStatesinthe1790s,andtheydosothroughthepurviewofmigrants.”，可知他們的作品都重新闡述了18世紀(jì)90年代法國和美國的關(guān)系，并且都是通過移民的角度來闡述的。所以他們都從移民的角度對(duì)美國革命和法國革命之間的聯(lián)系進(jìn)行探索性的解釋。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.詞義理解題。根據(jù)文章第三段“theirbeliefthatallmenwere‘fellowcitizensoftheworld,’unitedbyacommonsetofvaluesthatelidednational,religious,linguistic,andotherdifferences.”，可知他們的信仰是“所有的人都是世界上的公民”，因?yàn)橐恍┕餐膬r(jià)值觀而被統(tǒng)一起來，這些價(jià)值觀是忽略了民族、宗教、語言和其他各方面的差異的。所以應(yīng)該選出“忽略”的同義詞。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段“thinkingthatthey,armedwithrepublicanknow-how,couldbeusefultotheirFrenchcounterpartsinthetranslationofuniversalidealsintopractice.”，可知他們認(rèn)為掌握了共和國的專業(yè)知識(shí)，他們對(duì)于法國同胞來說，將普世理想轉(zhuǎn)化為現(xiàn)實(shí)是有幫助的。所以那些“世界性的愛國者”是在法國具有影響力的美國移民。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章結(jié)構(gòu)，第二段中提到了Ziesche和Harsanyi兩人的作品，從兩類移民的角度而寫出，下文主要講述Ziesche作品中，美國精英根據(jù)在法國的所聞所見而對(duì)自己的國家產(chǎn)生了新的愿景“andtheirwrestlingwiththisdynamicintheFrenchcontextinfluencedtheirvisionfortheUnitedStates（第四段）”。因此可推測下文中會(huì)對(duì)Harsanyi的“從美國汲取的教訓(xùn)”這本書，從被放逐至美國的法國貴族這一角度出發(fā)寫出他們對(duì)法國的一些思考或希望。因此A選項(xiàng)符合文意。

13.單選題

SamuelSlaterwasborninBelper,England,in1768.OncompletionofhissevenyearapprenticeshipinanEnglishspinningmill,hewasapparentlysoworriedab