考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇_第1頁
考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇_第2頁
考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇_第3頁
考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇_第4頁
考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解篇_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩182頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請(qǐng)進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡(jiǎn)介

書山有路勤為徑,學(xué)海無涯苦作舟!住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東工程職業(yè)技術(shù)大學(xué)押題密卷附帶答案詳解(圖片大小可自由調(diào)整)全文為Word可編輯,若為PDF皆為盜版,請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購買!第壹套一.全考點(diǎn)押題密卷-綜合訓(xùn)練(共50題)1.單選題

AccordingtoarecentpublicationoftheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,atthepresentrateofprogress,itwilltakeforty-threeyearstoendjobdiscrimination—hardlyareasonabletimetable.

Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.Wearebehindasaresultofdiscriminationanddenialofopportunity.Thereisonewhiteattorneyforevery680whites,butonlyoneblackattorneyforevery4,000blacks;onewhitephysicianforevery659whites,butonlyoneblackphysicianforevery5,000blacks;andonewhitedentistforevery1,900whites,butonlyoneblackdentistforevery8,400blacks.Lessthan1percentofallengineersorofallpracticingchemistsisblack.Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.

Actually,intheU.S.context,“reversediscrimination”isillogicalandacontradictioninterms.Neverinthehistoryofmankindhasamajority,withpower,engagedinprogramsandwrittenlawsthatdiscriminateagainstitself.Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.

Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,asnewsaccountsmakeitseem.Thereare49percentmorewhitesinmedicalschooltodayand64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolthantherewerewhenaffirmativeactionprogramsbegansomeeightyearsago.

Inarecentcolumn,WilliamRaspberryraisedaninterestingquestion.CommentingontheBakkecase,heasked,“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”That,hesuggested,wouldnotinterferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave.Hethenwentontopointoutthatthis,infact,isexactlywhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools.In1968,theyearbeforeaffirmativeactionprogramsbegantogetunderway,9,571whitesand282membersofminoritygroupsenteredU.S.medicalschools.In1976,thefigureswere14,213and1,400respectively.Thus,underaffirmativeaction,thenumberof“whiteplaces”actuallyroseby49percent;whiteaccesstomedicaltrainingwasnotdiminished,butsubstantiallyincreased.Thetrendwasevenmoremarkedinlawschools.In1969,thefirstyearforwhichreliablefiguresareavailable,2,933minority-groupmemberswereenrolled;in1976,thenumberwasupto8,484.Butduringthesameperiod,lawschoolenrollmentforwhitesrosefrom65,453to107,064anincreaseof64percent.Inshort,itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.

AllanBakkedidnotreallychallengepreferentialtreatmentingeneral,forhemadenochallengetothepreferentialtreatmentaccordedtothechildrenoftherich,thealumniandthefacultyortoathletesortheverytalentedonlytominorities.

1.Theauthorisforaffirmativeaction().

2.Itrequires()toclosethegapsbetweenthewhitesandtheblacksintheU.S.

3.Blacksarenotmakingprogressattheexpenseofwhites,accordingtotheauthor,because().

4.WilliamRaspberry,whilecommentingontheBakkecase,suggests().

5.WhatAllanBakkechallengedwas().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.becausethereisdiscriminationanddenialofopportunityintheU.S.

B.ifweaimateducationalandeconomicequityandparity

C.becauseitwilltake43yearstoendjobdiscrimination

D.whenthereisnoreasonabletimetableintheU.S.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.oneblackattorneyforever4,000blacks

B.alotmoreblackengineersandchemists

C.educationandeconomicdevelopment

D.creativejusticeandcompassion

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.whatwhitegiveupisonlyunfairadvantage

B.thereare49percentmorewhiteinmedicalschooltodayalready

C.whites,themajorityintheU.S.,willneverdiscriminateagainstthemselves

D.thereare64percentmorewhitesinlawschoolstoday

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tooffer100slotstowhitesand16toblacks

B.tooffer84slotstowhitesand16toblacks

C.tofollowwhathashappenedinlawandmedicalschools

D.tointerferewithwhatwhitesalreadyhave

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.themyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense

B.unfairtreatmentaccordedtoblacks

C.preferentialtreatmentingeneral

D.preferentialtreatmenttominority-groupmembers

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.根據(jù)第二段第一句“Ifourgoaliseducationalandeconomicequityandparity,itisthenweneedaffirmativeactiontocatchup.”如果我們的目標(biāo)是教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)公平與平等,那么我們就需要積極地開展平權(quán)行動(dòng)。選項(xiàng)B符合原文。

2.根據(jù)第二段最后兩句“Cruelanduncompassionateinjusticecreatedgapslikethese.Weneedcreativejusticeandcompassiontohelpusclosethem.”殘酷無情的不公正造成了這樣的差距。我們需要?jiǎng)?chuàng)造性的公正和同情來消除差距。選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段最后一句“Theonlythingwhitesaregivingupbecauseofaffirmativeactionisunfairadvantagesomethingthatwasunnecessaryinthefirstplace.”白人因?yàn)槠綑?quán)法案而放棄的唯一一件事是不公平的優(yōu)勢(shì),這在一開始是不必要的。選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

4.根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞“WilliamRaspberry”定位到倒數(shù)第二段,根據(jù)“Whatif,insteadofsettingaside16of100slots,weadded16slotstothe100?”“如果我們不是在100個(gè)位置中留出16個(gè)位置,而是在100個(gè)位置中增加16個(gè)位置,那會(huì)怎么樣?”他表示,這不會(huì)影響白人已經(jīng)擁有的東西。所以選項(xiàng)A正確。

5.根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可知,AllanBakke挑戰(zhàn)的是“itisamyththatblacksaremakingprogressatwhiteexpense.”選項(xiàng)A正確。

2.單選題

Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?

Exxon’sinvolvementiswellknown.ExxonMobilistheworld’smostprofitablecorporation.Itmakesmostofitsmoneyfromoil,andhasmoretolosethananyothercompanyfromeffortstotackleclimatechange.Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.Buttherearedifficulties:ifmustconfrontascientificconsensusasstrongasthatwhichmaintainsthatsmokingcauseslungcancerorthatHIVcausesAids.Sowhat’sitsstrategy?

ThewebsiteE,usingdatafoundinthecompany’sofficialdocuments,lists124organizationsthathavetakenmoneyfromthecompanyorworkcloselywiththosethathave.Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.

Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對(duì)流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.Theywillcontinuetodosolongafterithasbeendisprovedbyfurtherwork.So,forexample,JohnChristy,theauthorofthetropospherepaper,admittedinAugust2005thathisfigureswereincorrect,yethisinitialfindingsarestillbeingcirculatedandchampionedbymanyofthesegroups,asaquickinternetsearchwillshowyou.

WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates,theimpactsoftheclimate-changedenierssponsoredbyExxonhavebeenfeltallovertheworld.Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.

1.WhichofthefollowinghasNOTbeendonebytheorganizationstoestablishtheirpositiononclimatechange?

2.Whichofthefollowingisclosestinmeaningto“bogus”(inParagraph4)?

3.JohnChristyismentionedtoshow().

4.TheorganizationssponsoredbyExxon().

5.Thepassageismainlyfocusedon().

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Damagingthereputationofenvironmentalists.t

B.Emphasizingthelackofconsensusamongscientists.t

C.Stressingtheunnecessaryharmtotileglobaleconomy.t

D.Protectingthescientificdiscoveriesfrombeingmisused.t

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Reasonable.t

B.Fake.t

C.Limitless.t

D.Inconsistent.t

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.howcloselytheseorganizationsworkwithscientistst

B.howtheseorganizationsselectscientificfindingsfortheirownpurposet

C.howimportantcorrectdataareforscientiststomakesounddiscoveriest

D.howoneman’smistakemaysetbacktheprogressofsciencet

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.haveliveduptotheirpromisest

B.havealmostcausedworldwidechaost

C.havefailedtoachievetheiroriginalgoalt

D.havemisunderstoodtherequestofthesponsort

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Exxon’sinvolvementinscientificscandalst

B.Exxon’scontributionstotheissueofclimatechanget

C.Exxon’sroleindelayingsolutionstoglobalwarmingt

D.Exxon’seffortstopromotemorescientificdiscoveries

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“以下哪項(xiàng)是這些組織在確定其對(duì)氣候變化的立場(chǎng)時(shí)沒有做過的?”。文章的第三段提到Theseorganizationstakeaconsistentlineonclimatechange:thatthescienceiscontradictory,thescientistsaresplit,environmentalistsareliarsorlunatics,andifgovernmentstookactiontopreventglobalwarming,theywouldbeendangeringtheglobaleconomyfornogoodreason.(這些組織在氣候變化問題上的立場(chǎng)是一致的:科學(xué)是矛盾的,科學(xué)家是分裂的,環(huán)保主義者是騙子或瘋子,如果政府采取行動(dòng)阻止全球變暖,他們將在沒有充分理由的情況下危害全球經(jīng)濟(jì)),由此可知A項(xiàng)“破壞環(huán)保主義者的聲譽(yù)”、B項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)家之間缺乏共識(shí)”和C項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)調(diào)對(duì)全球經(jīng)濟(jì)的不必要傷害”都屬于這些組織在確定其對(duì)氣候變化的立場(chǎng)時(shí)的說辭,只有D項(xiàng)“保護(hù)科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)不被濫用”沒有提及。因此,該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:語義推測(cè)題。題干意思是“下列哪項(xiàng)在意思上最接近第四段的‘bogus’?”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段第一句Thisisnottoclaimthatallthesciencethesegroupschampionisbogus.(這并不是說這些團(tuán)體支持的所有科學(xué)都是bogus)可知,這句話是上文的承接句,上文最后一句話指出Thefindingstheseorganizationsdislikearelabeled“junkscience”.Thefindingstheywelcomearelabeled“soundscience”.(這些商業(yè)組織不喜歡的研究結(jié)果被貼上了“垃圾科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽,他們歡迎的發(fā)現(xiàn)被貼上了“可靠科學(xué)”的標(biāo)簽),后文又提到Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.(總的來說,他們使用的是選擇,而不是發(fā)明),由此可推測(cè)并不是這些組織支持的所有的科學(xué)都是假的,故B項(xiàng)“虛假的”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“合理的”、C項(xiàng)“無限制的”和D項(xiàng)“不一致的”都不與bogus的含義相近。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。題干意思是“提到克里斯蒂是為了表示……”。根據(jù)題干定位到文章第四段,第二句和第三句指出Onthewhole,theyuseselection,notinvention.Theywillfindonecontradictorystudy—suchasthediscoveryoftropospheric(對(duì)流層的)cooling—andpromoteitrelentlessly.(總的來說,他們使用的是選擇,而不是發(fā)明;他們會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)相互矛盾的研究,比如對(duì)流層冷卻的發(fā)現(xiàn),并堅(jiān)持不懈地挖掘它),由此推斷,后文引用克里斯蒂的例子是為了說明這些組織出于自己的目的選擇科學(xué)研究課題,故B項(xiàng)“這些組織如何為他們自己的目的選擇科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“這些組織與科學(xué)家的合作有多密切”,內(nèi)容不符合原文;C項(xiàng)“正確的數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)于科學(xué)家做出可靠的發(fā)現(xiàn)是多么重要”和D項(xiàng)“一個(gè)人的錯(cuò)誤可能會(huì)阻礙科學(xué)的進(jìn)步”文章沒有提及。因此,該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“由??松澲慕M織……”。文章最后一句話提到Bydominatingthemediadebateonclimatechangeduringsevenoreightcriticalyearsinwhichurgentinternationaltalksshouldhavebeentakingplace,byconstantlyseedingdoubtaboutthesciencejustasitshouldhavebeenmostpersuasive,theyhavejustifiedthemoneytheirsponsorshavespentonthemmanytimesover.(在本應(yīng)舉行緊急國(guó)際談判的七八年關(guān)鍵時(shí)期,通過主導(dǎo)媒體有關(guān)氣候變化的辯論,通過不斷播撒對(duì)科學(xué)的懷疑,就像它應(yīng)該是最有說服力的一樣,他們已經(jīng)證明了贊助商在他們身上花費(fèi)的金錢是合理的),由此可推斷,??松澲慕M織最終還是兌現(xiàn)了他們的承諾,和公司在應(yīng)對(duì)氣候變化問題上處于一致的立場(chǎng),故A項(xiàng)“履行了他們諾言”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“幾乎引起了世界范圍的混亂”和D項(xiàng)“誤解了主辦者的要求”沒有提到;C項(xiàng)“沒有達(dá)到他們?cè)瓉淼哪繕?biāo)”,內(nèi)容與原文不符。因此,該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章主要關(guān)于……”。本文主要講在應(yīng)對(duì)全球變暖等環(huán)境問題上,大公司埃克森所做的一切措施來維護(hù)自身經(jīng)濟(jì)利益。文章第一段提到Foryears,anetworkofcitizens’groupsandscientificbodieshasbeenclaimingthatscienceofglobalwarmingisinconclusive.Butwhofundedthem?(多年來,一個(gè)由公民團(tuán)體和科學(xué)機(jī)構(gòu)組成的網(wǎng)絡(luò)一直聲稱全球變暖的科學(xué)是不確定的,但是誰資助的呢?)和文章最后一段提到WhiletheyhavebeenmosteffectiveintheUnitedStates…(雖然他們這一招在美國(guó)是最有效的……),由此可以推斷,??松梨诠驹诮鉀Q全球變暖的問題上發(fā)揮了作用,故C項(xiàng)“??松谕涎尤蜃兣鉀Q方案方面的作用”符合題意。A項(xiàng)“埃克森卷入科學(xué)丑聞”和D項(xiàng)“??松苿?dòng)更多科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)的努力”文中沒有提到;B項(xiàng)“??松瓕?duì)氣候變化問題的貢獻(xiàn)”,文章第二段指出Tosafeguarditsprofits,ExxonMobilneedstosowdoubtaboutwhetherseriousactionneedstobetakenonclimatechange.(為了保護(hù)自己的利潤(rùn),??松梨谛枰⒉岩桑欠裥枰獙?duì)氣候變化采取嚴(yán)格的行動(dòng)),由此可知,??松梨跒榱吮Wo(hù)自己的利益,而散播謠言阻止氣候變化措施的實(shí)行,B項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此,該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

Pleasebeserious.Iamnot().Youshouldconsideritcarefully.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sorting

B.joking

C.counting

D.comparing

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。sort“將…分類”;joke“開玩笑”;count“計(jì)數(shù)”;compare“比較”。句意:請(qǐng)嚴(yán)肅點(diǎn),我不是開玩笑的。你應(yīng)該仔細(xì)地想想。B項(xiàng)符合題意。

4.寫作題

Nowadays,advertisementscanbefoundeverywhereinabigcitysuchasShanghai.Theyshoutatusfromthetelevisionscreenandradioloudspeakers,wavetousfromeverypageofthenewspaper,signaltousfromtheroadsidebillboardsalldayandflashmessagestousincoloredlightsallnight.Whatdoyouthinkofthefloodofadvertisingmakeanycontributiontooursociety?

ForthispartyouaretowriteacompositiononthetopicIfThereWereNoAdvertisements.Youshouldillustrateyourviewpointsonadvertisementinnolessthan200words.

【答案】

5.單選題

Chineseoftenshakemyhandanddon’tletgo.Theytalkawaycontentedly,(

)ofmydiscomfortandstruggletodisengagemyhand.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.oblivious

B.patent

C.obvious

D.pernicious

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。oblivious“不知道的;未覺察到的”;patent“專利的;顯然的”;obvious“明顯的;顯著的”;pernicious“有害的;惡性的。句意:中國(guó)人經(jīng)常握住我的手不放。他們非常滿意地交流,沒有察覺到我的不舒服和試圖解開自己的手。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

6.單選題

Thosewhoare______ofallcommonsensewouldbeeasilytakeninbytricksthatarefrequentlyexposedbythewise.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprived

B.devoid

C.stripped

D.snatched

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)deprived“貧困的,窮苦的,嚴(yán)重匱乏的;(人)喪失的,被剝奪的”;B選項(xiàng)devoid“缺乏的;全無的”;C選項(xiàng)stripped“剝?nèi)サ摹保籇選項(xiàng)snatched“一把抓起;奪去;抓緊時(shí)間做;反敗為勝”。根據(jù)固定搭配bedevoidof“缺乏;沒有……的;毫無……的;沒有”可知句意為:那些缺乏常識(shí)的人很容易上當(dāng),而這些花招往往是由智者揭露的。所以B選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Theargumentconcerningtheuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofBlackEnglishisrootedinAmericanhistoryandhasabsolutelynothingtodowiththequestionwhichtheargumentsupposesitselftobeposing.Theargumenthasnothingtodowithlanguageitselfbutwiththeroleoflanguage.Language,incontestably,revealsthespeaker.Language,also,farmoredubiously,ismeanttodefinetheother—and,inthiscase,theotherisrefusingtobedefinedbyalanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim.

Peopleevolvealanguageinordertodescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances,orinordernottobesubmergedbyarealitythattheycannotarticulate.(And,iftheycannotarticulateit,theyaresubmerged.)AFrenchmanlivinginParisspeaksasubtlyandcruciallydifferentlanguagefromthatofthemanlivinginMarseilles;neithersoundsverymuchlikeamanlivinginQuebec;andtheywouldallhavegreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying,tosaynothingofthemanfromSenegal—althoughthe“common”languageofalltheseareasisFrench.Buteachhaspaid,andispaying,adifferentpriceforthis“common”language,inwhich,asitturnsout,theyarenotsaying,andcannotbesaying,thesamethings.Theyeachhaveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol.

Whatjoinsalllanguages,andallmen,isthenecessitytoconfrontlife,inorder,notinconceivably,tooutwitdeath:Thepriceforthisistheacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity.Sothat,forexample,thoughitisnottaughtintheschoolsthesouthofFrancestillclingstoitsancientandmusicalProvencal,whichresistsbeingdescribedasa“dialect”.AndmuchofthetensionintheBasquecountries,andinWales,isduetotheBasqueandWelshdeterminationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed.ThisdeterminationalsofeedstheflamesinIreland,foramongthemanyindignitiestheIrishhavebeenforcedtoundergoatEnglishhandsistheEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage.

Itgoeswithoutsaying,then,thatlanguageisalsoapoliticalinstrument,means,andproofofpower.Itisthemostvividandcrucialkeytoidentity:itrevealstheprivateidentity,andconnectsonewith,ordivorcesonefromthelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity.Therehavebeen,andare,timesandplaces,whentospeakacertainlanguagecouldbedangerous,evenfatal.Or,onemayspeakthesamelanguage,butinsuchawaythatone’santecedentsarerevealed,or(onehopes)hidden.

16.Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat____.

17.WhydoesaFrenchmanlivinginParishasgreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying?

18.WhatdoestheexampleofBasqueandWelshillustrate?

19.Insomeplaces,speakingacertainlanguagemaycause____.

20.Thetextisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplewhospeakthesamelanguagesharethesameculture

B.apersonisrecognizedbythelanguagehespeaks

C.languageisaneffectivemeansofcommunication

D.languageaffectsthespeaker’scircumstances

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Becausetheypronouncemanywordsdifferently.

B.Becausetheyliveindifferentareasandseldomvisiteachother.

C.Becausetheyspeakdifferentvarietiesofalanguageandconfrontdifferentrealities.

D.Becausetheyhavedifferentarticulationsystem.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Languagerevealsanation’soracommunity’sidentity.

B.Certainpeople’scontemptforalanguagemayleadtoracialconflicts.

C.Languageisasymbolofpublicexistence.

D.BasquepeoplejoinupwithWelshpeopletofightfortheirlanguage.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.familydivorce

B.offenceandhatred

C.communalmisunderstanding

D.politicaldisagreement

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.theuse,status,andrealityofBlackEnglish

B.therelationshipbetweenlanguageandculture

C.languagevarieties

D.language,identityandnationality

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】16.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Accordingtothepassage,languagerevealsthespeakerinthewaythat____.根據(jù)文章,語言是以什么方式揭示使用這種語言的人的。

A.peoplewhospeakthesamelanguagesharethesamecultureA.說同一種語言的人擁有相同的文化

B.apersonisrecognizedbythelanguagehespeaksB.通過一個(gè)人說什么語言能識(shí)別出他的身份

C.languageisaneffectivemeansofcommunicationC.語言是一種有效的交際手段

D.languageaffectsthespeaker’scircumstancesD.語言影響說話人所處的環(huán)境

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞languagerevealsthespeaker定位到原文第1段第3句,該句提到“毫無疑問,語言揭示了使用這種語言的人(revealsthespeaker)?!痹摼浜笠痪涮岬健案钊藨岩傻氖牵Z言(Language)是用來定義他者的(definetheother)——在這種情況下,他者(theother)拒絕被一種從未能夠識(shí)別他者的語言(alanguagethathasneverbeenabletorecognizehim)所定義?!庇纱送茢?,語言因?yàn)槟軌蜃R(shí)別一個(gè)人的身份而被用來定義使用該語言的人。因此,本題“語言是以什么方式揭示使用這種語言的人的”的答案是B選項(xiàng)“通過一個(gè)人說什么語言能識(shí)別出他的身份”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“說同一種語言的人擁有相同的文化”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“語言是一種有效的交際手段”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“語言影響說話人所處的環(huán)境”,可定位到原文第2段第1句,該句提到“人們進(jìn)化一種語言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境(todescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances),或者是為了不被他們無法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒?!庇纱丝芍?,使用語言是為了描述和控制周圍的環(huán)境,因此,環(huán)境不同,語言就不同,該選項(xiàng)表述錯(cuò)誤,不是語言影響環(huán)境,而是環(huán)境影響語言。

17.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhydoesaFrenchmanlivinginParishasgreatdifficultyinapprehendingwhatthemanfromGuadeloupe,orMartinique,issaying?為什么一個(gè)住在巴黎的法國(guó)人,想知道從瓜德羅普(Guadeloupe)或馬提尼克(Martinique)來的人在說什么很困難?

A.Becausetheypronouncemanywordsdifferently.A.因?yàn)樗麄兒芏鄦卧~的發(fā)音都不一樣。

B.Becausetheyliveindifferentareasandseldomvisiteachother.B.因?yàn)樗麄兩钤诓煌牡貐^(qū),很少互相訪問。

C.Becausetheyspeakdifferentvarietiesofalanguageandconfrontdifferentrealities.C.因?yàn)樗麄冋f的是一種語言的不同變種,面對(duì)的是不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)。

D.Becausetheyhavedifferentarticulationsystem.D.因?yàn)樗麄冇胁煌陌l(fā)音系統(tǒng)。

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞aFrenchmanlivinginParis定位到原文第2段。本段第1句為該段核心句,該句說到“人們進(jìn)化一種語言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境(todescribeandthuscontroltheircircumstances),或者是為了不被他們無法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒。”接著通過舉例(即本題提到的例子)證明這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)。本段最后兩句提到“但是每個(gè)人都為這種‘共同的’(common)語言付出了,并且正在付出不同的代價(jià),事實(shí)證明,在這種‘共同的’語言中,他們不是在說,也不能說同樣的事情。他們每個(gè)人都有非常不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)要表達(dá)或控制(haveverydifferentrealitiestoarticulate,orcontrol)?!庇纱丝芍?,他們說的語言從屬于某種共同的語言,但是因?yàn)楸舜艘磉_(dá)或控制的現(xiàn)實(shí)不同,所以他們聽不懂對(duì)方的話。因此,C選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冋f的是一種語言的不同變種,面對(duì)的是不同的現(xiàn)實(shí)”表述正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兒芏鄦卧~的發(fā)音都不一樣”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

B選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄兩钤诓煌牡貐^(qū),很少互相訪問”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“因?yàn)樗麄冇胁煌陌l(fā)音系統(tǒng)”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有。

18.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatdoestheexampleofBasqueandWelshillustrate?巴斯克和威爾士的例子說明了什么?

A.Languagerevealsanation’soracommunity’sidentity.A.語言揭示了一個(gè)國(guó)家或社會(huì)的身份。

B.Certainpeople’scontemptforalanguagemayleadtoracialconflicts.B.某些人對(duì)一種語言的蔑視可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致種族沖突。

C.Languageisasymbolofpublicexistence.C.語言是公共存在的象征。

D.BasquepeoplejoinupwithWelshpeopletofightfortheirlanguage.D.巴斯克人與威爾士人聯(lián)合起來為他們的語言而戰(zhàn)。

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞BasqueandWelsh定位到原文第3段。該段倒數(shù)第2句提到“巴斯克國(guó)家和威爾士的緊張局勢(shì),很大程度上是由于巴斯克人和威爾士人(theBasqueandWelsh)決心不讓他們的語言被破壞(determinationnottoallowtheirlanguagestobedestroyed)”。這是第3段舉的例子。例子是為論點(diǎn)服務(wù)的。本段第1句點(diǎn)明了本段論點(diǎn),該句說到“將所有語言和所有人連接在一起的是,面對(duì)生命的必要性,以便戰(zhàn)勝死亡:為此付出的代價(jià)是接受和成為一個(gè)人暫時(shí)的身份(theacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity)?!庇纱丝芍Z言顯示的是一個(gè)人的身份,巴斯克人和威爾士人阻止自己的語言被破壞以保持自己的民族身份。因此,A選項(xiàng)“語言揭示了一個(gè)國(guó)家或社會(huì)的身份”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“某些人對(duì)一種語言的蔑視可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致種族沖突”,可定位到第3段最后一句,該句提到“愛爾蘭的戰(zhàn)火(theflamesinIreland)產(chǎn)生的原因之一就是英國(guó)人對(duì)他們語言的輕蔑(theEnglishcontemptfortheirlanguage)”,由此可知,該選項(xiàng)表述的是另一個(gè)例子,與本題中的事例無關(guān);

C選項(xiàng)“語言是公共存在的象征”,原文并未提及,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“巴斯克人與威爾士人聯(lián)合起來為他們的語言而戰(zhàn)”,該選項(xiàng)表述的是例子本身,而非使用該例的目的,該選項(xiàng)屬于偷換概念。

19.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Insomeplaces,speakingacertainlanguagemaycause____.在一些地方,說某種語言可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致____。

A.familydivorceA.家庭分裂

B.offenceandhatredB.冒犯和仇恨

C.communalmisunderstandingC.公共的誤解

D.politicaldisagreementD.政治上的分歧

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞speakingacertainlanguage定位到原文最后一段第3句,該句提到“在過去和現(xiàn)在,在某些時(shí)間和地點(diǎn),說某種語言(speakacertainlanguage)可能是危險(xiǎn)的,甚至是致命的(dangerous,evenfatal)?!庇纱丝芍?,在某些地方,說某種語言會(huì)很危險(xiǎn),甚至致命,B選項(xiàng)“冒犯和仇恨”與“危險(xiǎn)或致命”有關(guān),符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“家庭分裂”,與“危險(xiǎn),甚至致命”不符,屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“公共的誤解”,與“危險(xiǎn),甚至致命”不符,屬于無中生有;

D選項(xiàng)“政治上的分歧”,可定位到原文最后一段第1句,該句提到“語言也是一種政治工具(apoliticalinstrument)、手段和權(quán)力的證明”,原文雖然提到了語言是政治工具,但是并沒有說使用不同的語言會(huì)導(dǎo)致政治上的分歧,該選項(xiàng)屬于過度推理。

20.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Thetextisprimarilyconcernedwithdiscussing____.本文主要討論____。

A.theuse,status,andrealityofBlackEnglishA.黑人英語的使用、地位和現(xiàn)實(shí)

B.therelationshipbetweenlanguageandcultureB.語言與文化的關(guān)系

C.languagevarietiesC.語言變體

D.language,identityandnationalityD.語言、身份和國(guó)籍

【考查點(diǎn)】主旨大意題

【解題思路】梳理各段核心句,提煉復(fù)現(xiàn)詞:

第一段核心句:本段第3句,該句說到“毫無疑問,語言(Language)揭示了使用這種語言的人(revealsthespeaker)。”

第二段核心句:本段第1句,該句說到“人們進(jìn)化一種語言是為了描述并控制他們的環(huán)境,或者是為了不被他們無法表達(dá)的現(xiàn)實(shí)所淹沒?!痹摱谓沂玖苏Z言的作用;

第三段核心句:“將所有語言和所有人連接在一起的是,面對(duì)生命的必要性,以便戰(zhàn)勝死亡:為此付出的代價(jià)是接受和成為一個(gè)人暫時(shí)的身份(theacceptance,andachievement,ofone’stemporalidentity)?!痹摱谓沂玖苏Z言與身份的關(guān)系;

第四段核心句:本段第2句,該句說到“語言揭示了個(gè)人身份(privateidentity),將一個(gè)人與更大的公眾或公共身份(thelargerpublic,orcommunalidentity)聯(lián)系起來或分離開來?!痹摱谓沂玖苏Z言與國(guó)籍的關(guān)系;

復(fù)現(xiàn)詞:language,identity;

綜上所述,D選項(xiàng)“語言、身份和國(guó)籍”最全面的概括了本文的話題。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“黑人英語的使用、地位和現(xiàn)實(shí)”,可定位到原文第1段第1句,該句提到“關(guān)于黑人英語的使用、地位或現(xiàn)實(shí)(theuse,orthestatus,ortherealityofBlackEnglish)的爭(zhēng)論根植于美國(guó)歷史,與這個(gè)爭(zhēng)論所提出的問題完全無關(guān)?!钡沁@只是文中用來引入主題的背景信息,不是原文主旨,該選項(xiàng)屬于本末倒置;

B選項(xiàng)“語言與文化的關(guān)系”,原文并未提及文化,該選項(xiàng)屬于無中生有;

C選項(xiàng)“語言變體”,只在原文第1段討論語言時(shí)提到,不足以概括全文話題,該選項(xiàng)屬于以偏概全。

8.單選題

Agreatamountofworkhasgoneinto(

)theCathedraltoitsprevioussplendor.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.refreshing

B.restoring

C.renovating

D.renewing

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。句意:大量的修復(fù)工作已經(jīng)使大教堂回復(fù)到了它先前的壯觀景象。

Refresh更新;restore使...恢復(fù)到之前或原始的狀態(tài);renovate修復(fù)到之前或更佳的狀態(tài);renew(遭到損害后)重生。句中并未提及教堂被損壞,并且提及大量的修復(fù)工作,因此renovate最合適。

9.單選題

McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayaretodaynamedasthemostlitteredbrandsinEnglandasKeepBritainTidycalledonfast-foodcompaniestodomoretotacklecustomerswhodroptheirwrappersanddrinkscartons(盒子)inthestreets.

PhilBarton,chiefexecutiveofKeepBritainTidy,1itsnewDirtyPigcampaign,saiditwasthefirsttimeithadinvestigatedwhichbrandsmadeup“l(fā)itteredEngland”andthesamenamesappearedagainandagain.“Wecondemnpeoplefordroppingthisfastfoodlitterinthefirstplacebutalsobelievetheresultshave2messagesforthefastfoodindustry.McDonald’s,Greggs,KFCandSubwayneedtodomoreto3litteringbytheircustomers.”

HerecognizedeffortsmadebyMcDonald’s,includingplacinglitterbinsandincreasinglitterpatrols,butitslitter4“alltooprevalent”.Allfastfoodchainsshouldreduceunnecessarypackaging,headdeD.Companiescouldalsoreducepricesforthosewhostayedtoeatfoodontheirpremises,offermoney-offvouchersorother5forthosewhoreturnedpackagingandputmorebinsat6pointsinlocalstreets,notjustoutsidetheirpremises.AspokesmanforMcDonald’ssaid:“Wedoourbest.Obviouslyweaskallourcustomersto7oflitterresponsibly.”Trialsofmoreextensive,all-daylitterpatrolswereunder8inManchesterandBirmingham.KFCsaidittookits9forlittermanagement“veryseriously”,andwouldintroduceaprogramtoreducepackagingonmanyproducts.Subwaysaidthatitworkedhardto10theimpactoflitteroncommunities,butitwas“stilldowntotheindividualcustomertodisposeoftheirlitterresponsibly”.Greggssaiditrecognizedthe“continuingchallengeforusall”,despitehavingalreadytakenmeasur

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請(qǐng)下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請(qǐng)聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會(huì)有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲(chǔ)空間,僅對(duì)用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對(duì)用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對(duì)任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請(qǐng)與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時(shí)也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對(duì)自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評(píng)論

0/150

提交評(píng)論