英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯解題技巧市公開(kāi)課一等獎(jiǎng)省名師優(yōu)質(zhì)課賽課一等獎(jiǎng)?wù)n件

英語(yǔ)四級(jí)翻譯解題技巧大學(xué)英語(yǔ)四級(jí)考試中翻譯部分為漢譯英，共5個(gè)句子，一句一題，句長(zhǎng)為15-30詞。句中一部分已用英文給出，要求考生依據(jù)全句意思將漢語(yǔ)部分譯成英語(yǔ)?？荚嚂r(shí)間為5分鐘。分值占5%。翻譯須符合英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)和表示習(xí)慣，要求用詞準(zhǔn)確。翻譯題型概述翻譯題型三大考點(diǎn)：1.固定搭配考點(diǎn)：這是翻譯中最為關(guān)鍵考點(diǎn)，也是近幾次命題密度最高知識(shí)點(diǎn)，應(yīng)該引發(fā)考生高度重視。比如說(shuō)名詞與動(dòng)詞搭配，形容詞與名詞搭配，動(dòng)詞與副詞修飾關(guān)系，名詞與介詞搭配，更為主要是常見(jiàn)固定詞組以及固定表示，這些都可能成為此次考試命題重點(diǎn)。2.關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)：這部分語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)大多數(shù)是以前詞匯語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)重現(xiàn)和轉(zhuǎn)移，這一點(diǎn)要引發(fā)同學(xué)重視，盡管詞匯單項(xiàng)選擇題現(xiàn)在不考了，不過(guò)還是不能忽略這部分題目，因?yàn)榭键c(diǎn)是一致。關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)最主要虛擬語(yǔ)氣，其次是倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、從句知識(shí)、倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞等。3.關(guān)鍵動(dòng)詞以及動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)考查。關(guān)鍵語(yǔ)法考點(diǎn)一、虛擬語(yǔ)氣虛擬語(yǔ)氣考點(diǎn)能夠歸納以下：1.

(should)+動(dòng)詞原形情形2.

if或butfor等引導(dǎo)條件句3.

wish,ifonly,itistime…使用方法(should)+動(dòng)詞原形情形1.1．在動(dòng)詞suggest,order,demand,propose,command,request,desire,insist,require,decide,promise,resolve,argue,maintain,determine,recommend,advise,advocate,persuade等表示“命令”、“提議”、“要求”動(dòng)詞后賓語(yǔ)從句中。Sheinsistedthattheseats(should)bebookedinadvance.她堅(jiān)持要預(yù)定座位。Headvisedthatthedoctor(should)besentfor.他勸我們派人請(qǐng)醫(yī)生。注：假如上述動(dòng)詞作其它意思解釋?zhuān)蛘哒f(shuō)話者認(rèn)為所講事是事實(shí)，要用陳說(shuō)語(yǔ)氣。Whenaskedwhyhedeclinedourinvitation,hesuggestedthathewasnotongoodtermswiththedirector.真題重現(xiàn)

【CET-4:.6】Theprofessorrequiredthat__________________(我們交研究匯報(bào))。參考答案：wehandinourresearchreport(s)1.2．在advice,demand,order,necessity,resolution,decision,proposal,requirement,suggestion,idea,recommendation,request,plan,等名詞后主語(yǔ)從句或表語(yǔ)從句中------上面動(dòng)詞對(duì)應(yīng)名詞Heissuedtheorderthatthetroops(should)withdrawatonce.他命令部隊(duì)馬上撤退。1.3．在形容詞important,necessary,imperative,natural,urgent,essential,appropriate,desirable,vital,advisable,preferable,incredible以及短語(yǔ)nowonder,apity等能夠組成“Itis+形容詞（名詞）+that”句型中。Itisnecessarythatsomeimmediateeffort(should)bemade.必須馬上采取行動(dòng)。真題重現(xiàn)

【CET-6:.6】Itisabsolutelyunfairthatthesechildren______(被剝奪了受教育權(quán)利).

參考答案：Thesechildren(should)bedeprivedoftherighttoreceiveeducation.if或butfor等引導(dǎo)條件句if引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句使用方法條件從句結(jié)果主句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式(be動(dòng)詞用were)would+動(dòng)詞原形與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反had+過(guò)去分詞(haddone)wouldhavedone與未來(lái)事實(shí)相反普經(jīng)過(guò)去時(shí)/were+不定式/should+動(dòng)詞原形would(should)+動(dòng)詞原形Hewouldn’tfeelsocoldifhewereindoors.他要是在室內(nèi)就不會(huì)以為冷了（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）IamsorryIamverybusyjustnow.IfIhadtime,Iwouldcertainlygotothemovieswithyou.我很抱歉，現(xiàn)在很忙。假如有時(shí)間，我必定陪你去看電影了。（與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反）Theconferencewouldn’thavebeensosuccessfulifwehadn’tmadeadequatepreparations.假如我們不做充分準(zhǔn)備，會(huì)議是不會(huì)開(kāi)得這么成功。（與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反）Ifitsnowed/weretosnow/shouldsnowtomorrow,Ishould(would)stayathome.假如明天下雪，我就呆在家里。butfor=ifitwerenotfor…/ifithadnotbeenfor…lButforyourhelptheywouldnothavefulfilledthetaskintime.假如沒(méi)有你幫助，他們不可能按時(shí)完成任務(wù)。真題重現(xiàn)

【CET-4:.12】Thevictim--------------------(原來(lái)會(huì)有機(jī)會(huì)活下來(lái))ifhehadbeentakentohospitalintime.參考答案：wouldhaveachancetosurvive【CET-6:.12】Butformobilephone,＿＿＿_(dá)___________（我們通訊就不可能如此快速和方便)參考答案：ourcommunicationwouldnotbesoefficientandconvenient.【CET-6:.1】Ifyouhad___________________(聽(tīng)從了我忠言，你就不會(huì)陷入麻煩).參考答案：followedmyadvice/suggestion,youwouldnothavebeen/beintrouble.Itis(high,about)time…此句型要求用虛擬語(yǔ)氣謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用過(guò)去式，指現(xiàn)在或未來(lái)情況，表示“早該干某事而已經(jīng)有些晚了”It’stime_____________________(采取辦法)aboutthetrafficproblemdowntown.somethingwasdone/somemeasuresweretaken動(dòng)詞wish后賓語(yǔ)從句用虛擬語(yǔ)氣與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反were或動(dòng)詞普通過(guò)去與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反haddone或would/couldhavedone未來(lái)沒(méi)有把握或不太可能實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望would/should(could,might)+動(dòng)詞原形Iwishshewerehere.她在這里就好了。Iwishyouwouldgowithustomorrow.希望你明天跟我們一塊去。Iwishshehadtakenmyadvice.那時(shí)她要是聽(tīng)我話就好了。ifonly后用虛擬語(yǔ)氣（要是…就太好了）現(xiàn)在沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望普通過(guò)去式過(guò)去沒(méi)有實(shí)現(xiàn)愿望過(guò)去完成式Ifonlyshehadknownwheretofindyou.他要是知道到哪里去找你就好了。IfonlyIcouldspeakseveralforeignlanguages!我要是能講幾個(gè)外語(yǔ)就好了！從句從句內(nèi)容非常龐雜，該專(zhuān)題主要講解在翻譯題可能考查名詞性從句、定語(yǔ)從句、狀語(yǔ)從句等。一．

名詞性從句名詞從句是指行使名詞功效從句，包含主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句以及補(bǔ)語(yǔ)從句。1.主語(yǔ)從句---從句作主語(yǔ)

主語(yǔ)從句主要由that,what,whether,how以及其它詞引導(dǎo)，還有就是由代詞it作形式主語(yǔ)。Thathesurvivedtheaccidentisamiracle.他在這場(chǎng)事故中幸免于難，真是奇跡。尤其提醒：盡管that并沒(méi)有實(shí)際含義，不過(guò)他起到引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句功效，在這里不可或缺。Whatheenjoysdoingisignoredbysocietyasofnovalueorimportance.他喜歡做事情被社會(huì)所忽略認(rèn)為毫無(wú)價(jià)值，無(wú)足輕重。Howhemanagedtofinishthejobisofinteresttousall.他是怎樣設(shè)法完成這項(xiàng)工作，我們對(duì)此都很感興趣Whethertheresultswillbevaluabledependspartlyonourattitudestowardsit.結(jié)果是否有價(jià)值在部分程度上取決于我們對(duì)此態(tài)度尤其提醒：whether引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句位于句首時(shí)，whether不能由if代替。2.賓語(yǔ)從句---從句作賓語(yǔ)。Thecourtdecisionshaveorderedthatpublicschoolstakethenecessarystepstoprovidethateducation.法院裁決責(zé)令公立學(xué)校必須采取必要步驟提供這種教育。Ican’tunderstandwhyheavoidedspeakingtome.我不了解他為何不跟我說(shuō)話。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.12】ManyAmericansliveoncredit,andtheirqualityoflife____________(是用他們能夠借到多少來(lái)衡量),nothowmuchtheycanearn.參考答案：ismeasuredbyhowmuchtheycanloan3.表語(yǔ)從句---從句作表語(yǔ)Thenextquestionwehavetodecideiswhenwehavetosubmittheannualreport.我們必須決定下一個(gè)問(wèn)題是，什么時(shí)候我們必須呈交年度匯報(bào)?！綜ET-4：.12】Inmysixties,onechangeInoticeisthat_____(我比以前更輕易累了)。參考答案：Iammorelikelytogettiredthanbefore二．

定語(yǔ)從句定語(yǔ)從句是修飾限定名詞或代詞從句。掌握定語(yǔ)從句關(guān)鍵在于把握引導(dǎo)詞，既用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句詞。定語(yǔ)從句內(nèi)容比較龐雜，希望同學(xué)們?cè)趶?fù)習(xí)時(shí)多總結(jié)和歸納。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.6】ThepreventandtreatmentofAIDSis________________________(我們能夠合作領(lǐng)域).參考答案：afieldwhere(inwhich)wecancooperate.三．

狀語(yǔ)從句狀語(yǔ)從句分為：時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句、條件狀語(yǔ)從句、地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句、原因狀語(yǔ)從句、目標(biāo)狀語(yǔ)從句、結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句、方式狀語(yǔ)從句、讓步狀語(yǔ)從句和比較狀語(yǔ)從句真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.12】Iamgoingtopursuethiscourse,__＿＿＿_(dá)_(不論我要作出什么樣犧牲)。參考答案：nomatterwhatkindofsacrificeIhavetomake【CET-4：.12】Somepsychologistsclaimthatpeople_＿＿＿_(dá)(出門(mén)在外時(shí)可能會(huì)感到孤獨(dú))參考答案：mayfeellonelywhentheyareawayfromhome四、倒裝1．當(dāng)“only+狀語(yǔ)”位于句首表示強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)用倒裝，如不在句首或雖在句首但不修辭狀語(yǔ)時(shí)用正常語(yǔ)序。Onlywhenyouhaveobtainedsufficientdatacanyoucometoasoundconclusion.只有當(dāng)你取得足夠數(shù)據(jù)時(shí)，你才能得出正確結(jié)論Onlyinthiswaycanwecatchupwiththeworld’sadvancedlevelsinscienceandtechnology.只有這么我們才能趕上世界先進(jìn)科學(xué)技術(shù)水平。其它如：onlythen,onlyonce,onlyinAmerica\China,onlyaftertheaccident等。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.6】Onlyinthesmalltown_________.(他才感到安全和放松)參考答案：doesshefeelsecureandrelaxed2.never等含有否定意義詞或詞組居于句首時(shí)用倒裝。這類(lèi)詞或詞組慣用有：never,seldom,rarely,little,hardly,scarcely,notuntil,bynomeans,undernocircumstances,undernocondition,innoway(決不),innocase(決不),neither…(nor),nosooner…(than),hardly…(when),barely(僅僅，幾乎不),onnoaccount,innocircumstances(決不),notabit,nowhere,notonly…butalso等。NotonlywasChurchillastatesman,butalsoapoet.丘吉爾不但是一位政治家，還是一位詩(shī)人。NeverinallmylifehaveIheardsuchnonsense.我從未聽(tīng)到過(guò)這種亂說(shuō)！真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.12】Thewitnesswastoldthatundernocircumstances_＿＿＿.(他都不應(yīng)該對(duì)法庭說(shuō)謊)參考答案：shouldhelietothecourt.【CET-6：.1】＿＿_(dá)(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.參考答案Notuntilthedeadlinedidhesend(out)3．themore…,themore結(jié)構(gòu)中倒裝?！綜ET-4：.6】90.Themoreyouexplain,_________________(我愈糊涂).參考答案：themoreconfusedIam四、強(qiáng)調(diào)句Itis/was+被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分+that/who…對(duì)于這個(gè)結(jié)構(gòu)，需要注意以下幾點(diǎn)：①?gòu)?qiáng)調(diào)句型中系動(dòng)詞除is和was之外，沒(méi)有其它形式改變;②被強(qiáng)調(diào)部分假如是人，能夠用who,也能夠用that,其它情況用that（常識(shí)性知識(shí)，普通不能作為考點(diǎn)）。③在not…until句型里，假如強(qiáng)調(diào)由until所引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，not須跟在until之前，即組成Itisnotuntil…that結(jié)構(gòu)。Itisbecausesheistooinexperiencedthatshedoesnotknowhowtodealwiththeserioussituation.她不知道怎樣應(yīng)對(duì)這種嚴(yán)重情況是因?yàn)樗狈?jīng)驗(yàn)了。Itisbecausethewaterhadrisenthattheycouldnotcrosstheriver.正是因?yàn)樗疂q了，他們沒(méi)有渡過(guò)河去。注：強(qiáng)調(diào)假如是原因狀語(yǔ)從句，只能由because引導(dǎo)，不能由since,as或why引導(dǎo)。Itwasnotuntilthesecondyearthathehasadaptedhimselftothecollegelife.直到第二年他才適應(yīng)了大學(xué)生活。真題重現(xiàn)【CET-6：.1】______________(直到截止日他才寄出)hisapplicationform.參考答案：Itwasnotuntilthedeadlinethathesent(out)五、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞主要包含不定式、動(dòng)名詞和現(xiàn)在分詞。非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞考點(diǎn)主要有：1．英語(yǔ)中大多數(shù)動(dòng)詞既可跟不定式，也可跟動(dòng)名詞作直接賓語(yǔ)，但有些動(dòng)詞要求：1)下面動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓語(yǔ)attempt企圖mean意欲，打算determine決定pretend假裝decide決定hesitate猶豫hope希望intend想要refuse拒絕decide決定等真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.6】Becauseoftheleginjury,theathlete

＿＿(決定退出比賽).參考答案：decidedtoquitthematch.【CET-6：.12】TheForeignMinistersaidhewasresigning,___＿＿＿_(dá).(但他拒絕深入解釋這么做原因)參考答案：whileherefusedtofurtherexplainwhy./whileherefusedtomakefurtherexplanationfordoingso.2)下面動(dòng)詞要求不定式做賓補(bǔ)：動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞不定式enable使能夠ask要求，allow允許force強(qiáng)迫press迫使inspire鼓舞request請(qǐng)求help幫助invite吸引，邀請(qǐng)encourage勉勵(lì)等真題重現(xiàn)【CET-4：.12】Specialistsininterculturalstudiessaysthatitisnoteasyto＿＿＿(適應(yīng)不一樣文化中生活)參考答案：adaptoneselftolifeindifferentcultures.【CET-6：.1】Aftertheterroristattack,tourists（被勸說(shuō)暫時(shí)不要去該國(guó)旅游）.參考答案：wereadvised/suggestednottogotothatcountryastheirtourismdestinationforthepresent.3)有少數(shù)動(dòng)詞只能用動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)dislike不喜歡，討厭appreciate感激，觀賞avoid防止

enjoy享受，喜愛(ài)can’thelp不禁

escape逃跑，逃避can’tstand受不了deny否定mind介意finish完成，結(jié)束不得postpone延遲，延期hate討厭等Iappreciatehavingbeengiventheopportunitytostudyabroadtwoyearsago.我很感激兩年前給我出國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)。2．非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中相關(guān)句型

（1）動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ)句型

1)Itis+nouse,nogood(fun,agreatpleasure,awasteoftime,abore...)等名詞+doingsth.