考研考博-英語(yǔ)-唐山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-唐山學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

TheworseningcrisisattheFukushimaPowerStationinJapanhasledtoinevitablecomparisonswiththe1986Chernobylnucleardisasterthatkilledworkersattheplantinstantly,causedcancersinthesurroundingpopulationandspreadradioactivecontaminationsofarthatlivestockrestrictionsarestillinplaceatsomefarmsaroundtheUkraine.

ThesituationatFukushimaiscertainlygraveandimmediatelydangerousforthoseatthesitewhoarefightingtomakethecrippledreactorsandfuelstoragepondssafe.

ButwhateverwarningsarenowbeingissuedbyforeigngovernmentstotheircitizensinJapan,therearesignificantdifferencesthatsetthisapartfromthecatastropheinUkraine.

AtChernobylthenuclearreactorexplodedafterasurgeinpowerthatblewthetopoffthepowerplantandsenthotfuelhighintotheupperatmosphere,whereitfloatedacrossnationalborders.Afirethatbrokeoutinthegraphitecoreforcedmoreradioactivematerialintotheair,helpingitspreadfurther.Thereactorhadnocontainmentfacilitytoevenslowthereleaseofradiationfromtheplant.

TheFukushimaboilingwaterreactorisa40-year-oldpowerplantandithassomeglaringdesignflaws,butthereactorshavebeenswitchedoffforfivedays,sothereislessfreshradioactivematerialaround,andeachcoreiscontainedwithina20cm-thicksteelcontainer,whichisthenprotectedbyasteel-linedreinforcedconcreteouterstructure.Eveninthecaseofameltdown,thesemeasuresshouldatleastlimittheamountofradiationreleased.

Butwhatofthepopulationbeyond?Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.Theauthoritieshavealreadyimposedanexclusionzoneof12milesaroundthepowerstation,introducedfoodbansanddispensedpotassiumiodidepillstothoseinthesurroundingarea.

Forthemoredistantpopulation,themostseriousradioactivesubstancesthatwouldbereleasedarecaesium-137andiodine-131.Theseareextremelyvolatile,socanbecarriedalongway.Butdangerousdosesarenotlikelytotravelfaronthewind.Thedangercomeswhenradioactiveiodineandcaesiumraindownontheground,onthepastureland,forexample,andlivestockeatit.Cowsconcentrateradioactiveiodineintheirmilk.Radioactivecaesiumaccumulatesinmuscles,andinthepasthasbuiltupingrazingsheep.Thethreattohumansthencomesfromdrinkingmilkandeatingcontaminatedmeat.Bothcanraisetheriskofcancer—iodineespeciallybybeingabsorbedintochildren’sthyroidglands.

WhathappenedatChernobyl,whichwasamuchmoreseriousaccidentthanthis,wasthatthelocalSovietauthoritieswereindenial,theydidn’tgetpeopleoutofthearea,theydidn’tevacuatequicklyenough,andtheyallowedchildrentocontinuetodrinkheavilycontaminatedmilk,andasaconsequence,manychildrenreceivedhighdosesofradiationtothethyroidandwe’veseenthousandsofthyroidcancersasaconsequence.

1.Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?

2.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat（）.

3.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

4.TheChernobylwasregardedasaseriousaccidentbecause（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.EyeingJapan,CountriesReassessNuclearPlans.

B.LessonsforJapanfromtheChernobylCatastrophe.

C.RecentEventsinFukushimaEvokedWorldwideCare.

D.Japan’sHorrorRevealsHowThinIstheEdgeWeLiveon.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theriskofradiationspreadingwideinJapanremains

B.thehealthimplicationsofleaksintotheseawouldbelimited

C.thedisasterinJapanhasmucheffectonnuclearpolicyworldwide

D.JapanandUkrainetookthesamemeasuresindealingwithdisaster

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.TherearesomeobviousdesigndefectsinFukushima’spowerplant.

B.Theradioactivesubstancesmaycausedeathtothedistantpopulation.

C.Potassiumiodidetabletscanguardagainstsomeeffectsofradiationexposure.

D.UnliketheFukushimaplant,Chernobyl’sreactorlackedacontainmentfacility.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.peoplefailedtoadoptsomeeffectivemeasurestoprotectthemselves

B.manyvolunteersrushedtheretofighttomakethecrippledreactorssafe

C.radioactivesubstancescouldspreadasfaras20milesalongwiththewind

D.thegovernmentdeniedthecatastrophetherestillthreatenedpeople’slife

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

【解析】1.文章第三段指出,日本福島核泄漏事故和烏克蘭切爾諾貝利核災(zāi)難相比有顯著的差異,由此可以推斷,之所以差異巨大是因?yàn)槿毡緩那袪栔Z貝利核災(zāi)難中汲取了教訓(xùn),選項(xiàng)B作為標(biāo)題更恰當(dāng)。

2.選項(xiàng)B和C在文中沒(méi)有信息提及,所以無(wú)法推導(dǎo)出來(lái);選項(xiàng)D表述錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第六段第二句“Theriskfromradiationfallsoffsubstantiallywithdistance.”輻射的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)隨著距離的越遠(yuǎn)而大大降低。由此推斷,輻射在日本蔓延的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)依然存在。所以選項(xiàng)A符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第七段的一二句可知,對(duì)于更遙遠(yuǎn)的人群來(lái)說(shuō),釋放出的最嚴(yán)重的放射性物質(zhì)是銫-137和碘-131。它們極易揮發(fā),所以可以攜帶很長(zhǎng)時(shí)間。但是危險(xiǎn)的劑量不太可能在風(fēng)中傳播很遠(yuǎn)。也就是說(shuō),這些放射性物質(zhì)不會(huì)導(dǎo)致遠(yuǎn)方居民死亡。所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

4.根據(jù)最后一段的內(nèi)容可知,切爾諾貝利的事故之所以如此嚴(yán)重,是因?yàn)楫?dāng)?shù)卣裾J(rèn)事故,他們沒(méi)有及時(shí)讓人們撤離,他們讓孩子繼續(xù)喝污染嚴(yán)重的牛奶。也就是說(shuō)政府否認(rèn)那里的災(zāi)難仍然威脅著人們的生命,選項(xiàng)D符合原文。

2.單選題

Aseriesofrifleshotsdisturbedthe（

）ofthecampgrounds.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.solidarity

B.tranquility

C.equanimity

D.propinquity

【答案】B

【解析】solidarity團(tuán)結(jié)；tranquility寧?kù)o，平靜；equanimity鎮(zhèn)定；propinquity接近，鄰近。句意：一連串的步槍射擊打破了營(yíng)地的寧?kù)o。選項(xiàng)B符合語(yǔ)境。

3.單選題

Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.

Surprisingly,sincemodernPRwaslargelyanAmericaninvention,theU.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbyPReffortsinothercountries.Tenyearsago,forexample,theworld’'stopfivepublicrelationsagencieswereAmerican-owned.In1991,onlyonewas.TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutonethirdofU.S.companies.ItmaynotbelongbeforeLondonreplacesNewYorkasthecapitalofPR.

WhyisAmericalaggingbehindintheglobalPRrace?First,Americansasawholetendtobefairlyprovincialandtakemoreofaninterestinlocalaffairs.Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.Secondly,AmericanslagbehindtheirEuropeanandAsiancounterpartsinknowingasecondlanguage.Lessthan5percentofBurson-Marshall’'sU.S.employeesknowtwolanguages.OgilvyandMatherhasaboutthesamepercentage.Conversely,someEuropeanfirmshavehalformoreoftheiremployeesfluentinasecondlanguage.Finally,peopleinvolvedinPRabroadtendtokeepaclosereyeoninternationalaffairs.InthefinancialPRarea,forinstance,mostAmericansreadtheWallStreetJournal.Overseas,theircounterpartsreadtheJournalaswellastheFinancialTimesofLondonandtheEconomist,publicationsnotoftenreadinthiscountry.

PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“foreign”’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.AccordingtoTurner,globalcommunicationshavemadethenationsoftheworldsointerdependentthatthereisnolongeranysuchthingasforeign.

41.Accordingtothepassage,U.S.leadershipinpublicrelationsisbeingthreatenedbecauseof______.

42.LondoncouldsoonreplaceNewYorkasthecenterofPRbecause______.

43.Theword“provincial”(Line2,Para.3)mostprobablymeans“______

”.

44.WelearnfromthethirdparagraphthatemployeesintheAmericanPRindustry______.

45.WhatlessonmightthePRindustrytakefromTedTurnerofCNN?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.anunparalleledincreaseinthenumberofpublicrelationscompanies

B.shrinkingculturaldifferencesandnewcommunicationstechnologies

C.thedecreasingnumberofmultinationalcorporationsintheU.S.

D.increasedeffortsofothercountriesinpublicrelations

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.BritishcompaniesaremoreambitiousthanU.S.companies

B.BritishcompaniesplacemoreimportanceonPRthanU.S.companies

C.BritishcompaniesareheavilyinvolvedinPlanningactivities

D.Fouroftheworld’'stoppublicrelationsagenciesareBritish-owned

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.limitedinoutlook

B.likepeoplefromtheprovinces

C.rigidinthinking

D.interestedinworldfinancialaffairs

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.speakatleastoneforeignlanguagefluently

B.areignorantaboutworldgeography

C.arenotassophisticatedastheirEuropeancounterparts

D.enjoyreadingagreatvarietyofEnglishbusinesspublications

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.AmericanPRcompaniesshouldbemoreinternationally-minded.

B.TheAmericanPRindustryshoulddevelopglobalcommunicationstechnologies.

C.PeopleworkinginPRshouldbemorefluentinforeignlanguages.

D.PeopleinvolvedinPRshouldavoidusingtheword"“foreign”".

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是美國(guó)在公共關(guān)系業(yè)中的領(lǐng)袖地位受到威脅的原因是什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞leadership定位到文章首句“Theriseofmultinationalcorporations,globalmarketing,newcommunicationstechnologies,andshrinkingculturaldifferenceshaveledtoanunparalleledincreaseinglobalpublicrelationsorPR.”可得知，選項(xiàng)A、C以及D所提及的三點(diǎn)都是公共關(guān)系業(yè)迅速發(fā)展的原因，與題干原意相反。選項(xiàng)B,，根據(jù)第二段首句可得知選項(xiàng)B符合原意。

2.【試題解析】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。題干問(wèn)的是不久倫敦就會(huì)代替紐約成為公共關(guān)系業(yè)的中心的原因是什么，根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞London,，replace可定位到文章第二段的最后一第四句，“TheBritishinparticulararebecomingmoresophisticatedandcreative.ArecentsurveyfoundthatmorethanhalfofallBritishcompaniesincludePRaspartoftheircorporateplanningactivities,comparedtoaboutone-thirdofU.S.companies.”這句話的意思是英國(guó)的公司比美國(guó)的公司更強(qiáng)調(diào)公共關(guān)系的重要性，由此可見(jiàn)選項(xiàng)A為正確答案。

3.【試題解析】：語(yǔ)義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)題干所選單詞定位到原文第三段，“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”這個(gè)國(guó)家的世界地理知識(shí)從來(lái)就不強(qiáng)可得知他們對(duì)于世界地理的了解限制了，比較狹隘。由此，答案A為正確選項(xiàng)。

4.【試題解析】：事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)原文定位到第三段的“Knowledgeofworldgeography,forexample,hasneverbeenstronginthiscountry.”可得知，為選項(xiàng)B的同義替換。選項(xiàng)A與原文的第二點(diǎn)相反。選項(xiàng)C和選項(xiàng)D原文中沒(méi)有涉及。因此，選項(xiàng)B為正確答案。

5.【試題解析】：判斷推理題。根據(jù)原文定位到最后一段的前兩句“PerhapsthePRindustrymighttakealessonfromTedTurnerofCNN(CableNewsNetwork).Turnerrecentlyannouncedthattheword“‘foreign’’’wouldnolongerbeusedonCNNnewsbroadcasts.”可得知要避免使用“foreign”這個(gè)單詞。因此，答案為D。

4.單選題

Thestatisticalfiguresinthatreportarenot（）.Youshouldnotrefertothem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accurate

B.fixed

C.delicate

D.rigid

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。accurate“精確的”；fixed“確定的，固執(zhí)的”；delicate“微妙的，精美的”；rigid“嚴(yán)格的，僵硬的”。句意：那份報(bào)告中的統(tǒng)計(jì)數(shù)字是不精確的，你不應(yīng)該參考它們。A項(xiàng)符合題意。

5.單選題

Peoplewillbelookingintoseehowgoodwearenowandwhetheroursuccesshasjustbeena（）inthepan.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.flare

B.glitter

C.spark

D.flash

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。A選項(xiàng)flare“閃耀”；B選項(xiàng)glitter“燦爛”；C選項(xiàng)spark“火花”；D選項(xiàng)flash“閃光”。句意：人們會(huì)來(lái)看看我們現(xiàn)在有多好，我們的成功是否只是曇花一現(xiàn)。flashinthepan，固定搭配，“曇花一現(xiàn)”。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Keplerreconciledastronomywithphysics,andsubstitutedforfictitiousclockworkauniverseofmaterialbodiesnotunliketheearth,freelyfloatingandturninginspace,movedbyforces（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.actedonthem

B.beingactedonit

C.actingonthem

D.havingactedonit

【答案】C

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。句意：開(kāi)普勒綜合了天文學(xué)和物理學(xué)，用宇宙中與地球相似的實(shí)質(zhì)天體替換了虛構(gòu)的運(yùn)行規(guī)律，這些天體在天空中自由運(yùn)動(dòng)、旋轉(zhuǎn)，由作用在他們上面的力驅(qū)動(dòng)運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。本題考查的是分詞做后置定語(yǔ)的用法，force與them是主動(dòng)關(guān)系，因此act用現(xiàn)在分詞形式。因此C選項(xiàng)符合題意。

7.單選題

Wittinglyorunwittingly,ourcourtsarecreatingwhattheReverendRichardJohnNeuhauscallsa“nakedpublicsquare”,asecularcommunitydevoidofanyreligiouscommitments.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.deprivedof

B.divestedof

C.lackingin

D.exemptfrom

【答案】C

【解析】句意：無(wú)論是有意還是無(wú)意，我們正在創(chuàng)建理查德?約翰?紐豪斯牧師所說(shuō)的“赤裸的公共廣場(chǎng)”，一個(gè)……任何宗教信仰的世俗社區(qū)。A選項(xiàng)deprivedof“被剝奪的；嚴(yán)重匱乏的”；B選項(xiàng)divestedof“剝奪”；C選項(xiàng)lackingin“缺乏”；D選項(xiàng)exemptfrom“豁免；免除”?！俺嗦愕墓矎V場(chǎng)”意味著沒(méi)有任何宗教信仰的束縛，因此C選項(xiàng)“缺乏”符合題意。

8.單選題

Astudyofarthistorymightbeagoodwaytolearnmoreaboutaculturethanispossibletolearningeneralhistoryclasses.Mosttypicalhistorycoursesconcentrateonpolitics,economics,andwar.Butarthistoryfocusesonmuchmorethanthisbecauseartreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,butalsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology.Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors——orofpeopleverydifferentfromourown——canbeprovidedbyart.Inshortartexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace,andastudyofitclearlyofferusadeeperunderstandingthancanbefoundinmosthistorybooks.

Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed.Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions.ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly"political”artist.Inhiswell-knownpaintingTheThirdofMay1808,hecriticizedtheSpanishgovernmentforitsmisuseofpoweroverpeople.Overahundredyearslater,symbolicimageswereusedinPabloPicasso’sGuernicatoexpressthehorrorofwar.Meanwhile,onanothercontinent,thepowerfulpaintingsofDiegoRivera.JoseClementeOrozco,andDavidAlfaroSiqueiros---aswellastheworksofAlfredoRamosMartines——depictedtheseMexicanartists’deepangerandsadnessaboutsocialproblems.

Inthesameway,artcanreflectaculture’sreligiousbeliefs.ForhundredsofyearsinEurope,religiousartwasalmosttheonlytypeofartthatexisted.ChurchesandotherreligiousbuildingswerefilledwithpaintingsthatdepictedpeopleandstoriesfromtheBible.Althoughmostpeoplecouldn’tread,theycouldstillunderstandbiblicalstoriesinthepicturesonchurchwalls.Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstatuesareunholy.

1.Morecanbelearnedaboutaculturefromastudyofarthistorythangeneralhistorybecausearthistory（

）.

2.Artissubjectiveinthat

（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?

4.Thepassageismainlydiscussing

（

）.

5.Itmaybeconcludedfromthispassagethat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.showsusthereligionsandemotionsofapeopleinadditiontopoliticalvalues

B.providesuswithinformationaboutthedailyactivitiesofpeopleinthepast

C.givesusaninsightintotheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace

D.alloftheabove

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.apersonalandemotionalviewofhistoryispresentedthroughit

B.itcaneasilyrouseourangerorsadnessaboutsocialproblems

C.itwillfindareadyechoinourhearts

D.bothBandC

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.UnlikeFranciscoGoya,PabloandseveralMexicanartistsexpressedtheirpoliticalopinionsintheirpaintings

B.Historybooksoftenrevealthecompilers’politicalviews.

C.ReligiousartremainedinEuropeforcenturiestheonlytypeofartbecausemostpeopleregardedtheBibleastheHolyBook.

D.Alltheabovementionedarenottrue.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedifferencebetweengeneralhistoryandarthistory

B.themakingofarthistory

C.whatcanwelearnfromart

D.theinfluenceofartistsonarthistory

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Islamicartistshavehadtocreatearchitecturaldecorationswithimagesofflowersorgeometricforms

B.Historyteachersaremoreobjectivethangeneralhistory

C.Itismoredifficulttostudyarthistorythangeneralhistory.

D.PeopleandstoriesfromtheBiblewerepaintedonchurchesandotherbuildingsinordertopopularizetheBible.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:展示一個(gè)民族的宗教和情感以及政治價(jià)值觀,由第一段“...artreflectsnotonlythepoliticalvaluesofapeople,but

alsoreligiousbeliefs,emotions,andpsychology(藝術(shù)反應(yīng)人的政治價(jià)值觀、宗教信仰、情感和心理狀態(tài))”可知A項(xiàng)正確。B:提供過(guò)去人們?nèi)粘；顒?dòng)的信息,由第一段中“Inaddition,informationaboutthedailyactivitiesofourancestors...canbeprovidedbyart另外,…通過(guò)藝術(shù)我們能了解有關(guān)我們祖先日?；顒?dòng)的信息)”可知B項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)取。C:讓我們洞察一個(gè)時(shí)代和一個(gè)地方的本質(zhì),由第一段中“Inshort，artexpressestheessentialqualitiesofatimeandaplace(總之，藝術(shù)表達(dá)了一個(gè)吋代和一個(gè)地方的基本特質(zhì))”可知C項(xiàng)正確。故選D。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Artissubjective定位至第二段:Art,ontheotherhand,issubjective:itreflectsemotionsandopinions(另一方面，藝術(shù)是主觀的，它反映了個(gè)人的情緒和觀點(diǎn))。隨后舉例說(shuō)明藝術(shù)家在自己的作品中表達(dá)對(duì)政府、社會(huì)等的觀點(diǎn),因此A項(xiàng)“因?yàn)橥ㄟ^(guò)藝術(shù)，可以表達(dá)個(gè)人對(duì)歷史的觀點(diǎn)和情緒”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A:與弗朗西斯科?戈亞不同，帕布羅和幾位墨西哥藝術(shù)家在他們的畫作中表達(dá)了他們的政治觀點(diǎn)。由第二段中“ThegreatSpanishpainterFranciscoGoyawasperhapsthefirsttruly“political”artist(偉大的西班牙畫家FranciscoGoya或許是第一個(gè)真正的‘政治性’藝術(shù)家)”可知A項(xiàng)與原文所述不符。B:歷史書籍經(jīng)常顯示編輯者的政治觀點(diǎn),由第二段“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在歷史書籍中，有關(guān)一個(gè)國(guó)家政治生活的客觀信息被提出，即關(guān)于政治的事實(shí)被給給出，但相關(guān)的意見(jiàn)卻沒(méi)有表達(dá)出)”可知B項(xiàng)與原文所述不符。C:宗教藝術(shù)幾百年來(lái)一直是歐洲唯一的藝術(shù)類型，因?yàn)榇蠖鄶?shù)人把圣經(jīng)視為圣書,文中并未提及。D:以上選項(xiàng)都不正確。所以本題選D。

4.主旨大意題。文中開(kāi)篇引出了主題:相比在一般的歷史課上可能學(xué)到的，研究藝術(shù)歷史是更多了解文化的一種好方法。隨后圍繞歷史,藝術(shù)歷史進(jìn)行討論。因此A“一般的歷史和藝術(shù)歷史的區(qū)別”比較能概括文章大意。

5.判斷推理題。A:伊斯蘭教藝術(shù)家一直不得不用花的圖像或幾何形式來(lái)創(chuàng)造建筑裝飾,由最后一段“Bycontrast,oneofthemaincharacteristicsofartintheMiddleEastwas(andstillis)itsabsenceofhumanandanimalimages.ThisreflectstheIslamicbeliefthatstaturesareunholy(相比之下，中東地區(qū)藝術(shù)的主要特點(diǎn)之一是（仍然是）沒(méi)有人或動(dòng)物的圖像。這反應(yīng)了伊斯蘭教認(rèn)為雕像不是神圣的)”可知A正確。B:歷史教師相比一般的歷史更具客觀性,由第二段中“Inhistorybooks,objectiveinformationaboutthepoliticallifeofacountryispresented;thatis,factsaboutpoliticsaregiven,butopinionsarenotexpressed(在歷史書籍中，有關(guān)一個(gè)國(guó)家政治生活的客觀信息被提出，即關(guān)于政治的事實(shí)被給出，但相關(guān)的意見(jiàn)卻沒(méi)有表達(dá)出)”可知B項(xiàng)“歷史教師相比一般的歷史更具客觀性”不正確。C:相比一般的歷史，研究藝術(shù)歷史更難,D:為了普及圣經(jīng)，人們把圣經(jīng)中的人物和故事畫在教堂和其他建筑物上。這兩項(xiàng)文章并未提及。故選A。

9.單選題

Theincident（）pressinterest.Reportersfromseveralnewspaperscametointerviewhim.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.purchased

B.produced

C.provoked

D.processed

【答案】C

【解析】句意:這個(gè)事件引起了新聞界的興趣。數(shù)家報(bào)社的記者前來(lái)采訪他。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。四個(gè)選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。Purchase購(gòu)買,贏得;produce生產(chǎn);制造;生長(zhǎng);provoke激怒,煽動(dòng),引起;process加工,處理;審閱,審核。故C符合句意。

10.單選題

Thesearestudentswho,atsomestageoftheirundergraduatecareers,leaveclass,either（）,orbecausetheyareaskedtodoso.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.voluntarily

B.selectively

C.compulsorily

D.necessarily

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。voluntarily“自動(dòng)地”；selectively“有選擇地”；compulsorily“強(qiáng)制地；強(qiáng)迫地”；necessarily“必要地；必定地”。句意：在大學(xué)學(xué)習(xí)生涯的某個(gè)階段，一些學(xué)生或______或被迫離開(kāi)課堂。根據(jù)句意可知選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

11.單選題

Youmustletmehavetheannualreportwithout（）byteno’clocktomorrowmorning.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.failure

B.hesitation

C.trouble

D.fail

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。withoutfail為固定搭配,表示“必定,務(wù)必”。句意為:你必須在明天早上十點(diǎn)之前把年度報(bào)告交給我。所以選項(xiàng)D正確。

12.單選題

VisitorstoEnglandsometimesfindthelackofpublicactivitiesintheevenings（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.depressed

B.depression

C.depressing

D.depressingly

【答案】C

【解析】句意:前往英格蘭的游客有時(shí)會(huì)因?yàn)槿狈ν砩系墓不顒?dòng)而感到沮喪。

語(yǔ)法題。考查賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。空格處應(yīng)填入形容詞作賓語(yǔ)“缺乏晚上的公共活動(dòng)”的補(bǔ)語(yǔ),排除B,D。depressed沮喪的;depressing令人沮喪的。故C符合句意。

13.單選題

Inthedarkness,Icouldhearwindows______.Thisfollowedbyscreams,shoutingandlaughter.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingopened

B.tobeopened

C.havingopened

D.opening

【答案】A

【解析】考查hear的用法和語(yǔ)態(tài)。Hear后面一般接動(dòng)詞原形或者現(xiàn)在分詞，因此排除B項(xiàng)；根據(jù)句意，窗戶應(yīng)該是正在被打開(kāi)，所以排除C項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)，只有A項(xiàng)符合句意。句意：在黑暗中，我能聽(tīng)到窗戶被打開(kāi)的聲音；接著是尖叫聲、喊叫和笑聲。因此A項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Beforehestartedthework,Iaskedthebuildertogivemean______ofthecostofrepairingtheroof.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.assessment

B.estimate

C.announcement

D.evaluation

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A項(xiàng)assessment“估計(jì)、評(píng)定”；B項(xiàng)estimate“估價(jià)、判斷”；C項(xiàng)announcement“公告、宣告”；D項(xiàng)evaluation“評(píng)價(jià)”；句意：在他開(kāi)始工作之前，我請(qǐng)建筑工人給我估計(jì)一下修理屋頂?shù)馁M(fèi)用。因此該題B項(xiàng)正確。

15.單選題

（）touchinginO'Henry'sstoriesisthegallantrywithwhichordinarypeoplestruggletomaintaintheirdignity.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Mostis

B.Itmostlyis

C.Isitmost

D.Whatismost

【答案】D

【解析】考查主語(yǔ)從句。what引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句作主語(yǔ)，所以選項(xiàng)D正確。句意：在歐亨利的故事中，最感人的是普通人為維護(hù)自己的尊嚴(yán)而斗爭(zhēng)的英勇行為。

16.單選題

“I’venevermetahumanworthcloning,”sayscloningexpertMarkWesthusinfromhislabatTexasA&MUniversity.“It’sastupidendeavor.”That’saninterestingchoiceofadjective,comingfromamanwhohasspentmillionsofdollarstryingtoclonea13-year-olddognamedMissy.Sofar,heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded,thoughtheyhaveclonedtwocowsandexpecttocloneacatsoon.

TheyjustmightsucceedincloningMissysoon—orperhapsnotforanotherfiveyears.Itseemsthereproductivesystemofman’sbestfriendisoneofthemysteriesofmodernscience.

Westhusin’sexperiencewithcloninganimalsleaveshimupsetbyallthistalkofhumancloning.InthreeyearsofworkontheMissyproject,usinghundredsuponhundredsofdog’seggs,theA&MteamhasproducedonlyadozenorsoembryoscarryingMissy’sDNA.Nonehavesurvivedthetransfertoasurrogatemother.Thewastageofeggsandthemanyspontaneouslyabortedfetusesmaybeacceptablewhenyou’redealingwithcatsorbulls,heargues,butnotwithhumans.“Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous,”hesays.

Evenso,dogcloningisacommercialopportunity,withaniceresearchpayoff.EversinceDollythesheepwasclonedin1997,Westhusin’sphonehasbeenringingwithpeoplecallinginhopesofduplicatingtheircatsanddogs,cattleandhorses.“Alotofpeoplewanttoclonepets,especiallyifthepriceisright,”saysWesthusin.CostisnoobstacleforMissy’smysteriousbillionaireowner;he’sputup$3.7millionsofartofundA&M’sresearch.

Contrarytosomemediareports,Missyisnotdead.TheownerwantsatwintocarryonMissy’sfinequalitiesaftershedoesdie.Theprototypeis,byallaccounts,athletic,good-naturedandsuper-smart.Missy’smasterdoesnotexpectanexactcopyofher.Heknowsherclonemaynothavehertemperament.Inastatementofpurpose,Missy’sownerandtheA&Mteamsaytheyare“bothlookingforwardtostudyingthewaysthatherclonesdifferfromMissy.”

Besidescloningagreatdog,theprojectmaycontributeinsightintotheoldquestionofnaturevsnurture.Itcouldalsoleadtothecloningofspecialrescuedogsandmanyendangeredanimals.

However,Westhusiniscautiousabouthiswork.Heknowsthatevenifhegetsadogpregnant,theoffspring,shouldtheysurvive,willfacetheproblemsshownatbirthbyotherclonedanimals:abnormalitieslikeimmaturelungsandheartandweightproblems.“Whywouldyoueverwanttoclonehumans,”Westhusinasks,“whenwe’renotevenclosetogettingitworkedoutinanimalsyet?”

1.By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.

2.WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?

3.BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.

4.Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.

5.Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatall

B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpractical

C.humancloningshouldbedoneselectively

D.humancloningisafoolishundertaking

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.

B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.

C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.

D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumans

B.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperament

C.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspecies

D.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclones

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.abadtemper

B.immunedeficiency

C.defectiveorgans

D.anabnormalshape

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturity

B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspecies

C.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurture

D.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumans

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

By“stupidendeavor”(Para.1),Westhusinmeanstosaythat____.威斯胡森說(shuō)的“愚蠢的努力”（Para.1)的意思是____。

A.animalcloningisnotworththeeffortatallA.動(dòng)物克隆根本不值得努力

B.animalcloningisabsolutelyimpracticalB.克隆動(dòng)物是絕對(duì)不現(xiàn)實(shí)的

C.humancloningshouldbedoneselectivelyC.克隆人應(yīng)該有選擇地進(jìn)行

D.humancloningisafoolishundertakingD.克隆人是一項(xiàng)愚蠢的事業(yè)

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段第二句“這是愚蠢的嘗試?！毕蚯岸ㄎ坏降谝欢蔚谝痪洹拔覐奈从龅竭^(guò)值得克隆的人（I’venevermetahumanworthcloning）”可推斷這個(gè)愚蠢的努力指的就是克隆人。因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“動(dòng)物克隆根本不值得努力”，文中說(shuō)的是克隆人而不是克隆動(dòng)物，屬于曲解原文；

B選項(xiàng)“克隆動(dòng)物是絕對(duì)不現(xiàn)實(shí)的”，文中提到成功克隆牛和貓，該選項(xiàng)與原文意思相反，屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“克隆人應(yīng)該有選擇地進(jìn)行”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

2.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

WhatdoesthefirstparagraphtellusaboutWesthusin’sdogcloningproject?關(guān)于威斯胡森的狗克隆計(jì)劃，第一段告訴了我們什么？

A.Itssuccessisalreadyinsight.A.它的成功已經(jīng)在望。

B.Itsoutcomeremainsuncertain.B.其結(jié)果仍不確定。

C.Itisdoomedtoutterfailure.C.這注定要徹底失敗。

D.Itisprogressingsmoothly.D.進(jìn)展順利。

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)出處提示詞Paragraph1與題干信息可定位到第一段“到目前為止，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還沒(méi)有成功（heandhisteamhavenotsucceeded），盡管他們已經(jīng)克隆了兩頭牛，并希望很快克隆一只貓?！庇纱丝芍房寺∮?jì)劃還沒(méi)有取得成功，可推斷這項(xiàng)計(jì)劃結(jié)果仍不確定。因此選B。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“它的成功已經(jīng)在望。”，由推斷可知，該計(jì)劃的結(jié)果不確定，并不是成功在望，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“這注定要徹底失敗。”，由推斷可知，該計(jì)劃的結(jié)果是不確定的，并沒(méi)有說(shuō)注定失敗，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“進(jìn)展順利?！?，文中提到“到目前為止，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還沒(méi)有成功”由此可知進(jìn)展并不順利，因此該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

3.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

BycloningMissy,MarkWesthusinhopesto____.通過(guò)克隆米西，馬克?威斯胡森希望能____。

A.studythepossibilityofcloninghumansA.研究克隆人類的可能性

B.searchforwaystomodifyitstemperamentB.找到改變它性情的方法

C.examinethereproductivesystemofthedogspeciesC.檢驗(yàn)這種狗的生殖系統(tǒng)

D.findoutthedifferencesbetweenMissyanditsclonesD.找出米西和它的克隆之間的區(qū)別

【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到倒數(shù)第三段“都很期待研究她的克隆體與米西的不同之處（herclonesdifferfromMissy）”因此選D。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“研究克隆人類的可能性”，文章沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“找到改變它性情的方法”，文章沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“檢驗(yàn)這種狗的生殖系統(tǒng)”，文章沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

4.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Welearnfromthepassagethatanimalclonesarelikelytohave____.我們從文章中了解到，動(dòng)物克隆可能會(huì)有____。

A.abadtemperA.壞脾氣

B.immunedeficiencyB.免疫缺陷

C.defectiveorgansC.有缺陷的器官

D.anabnormalshapeD.畸形

【答案】C

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)題干信息可定位到最后一段“他知道，即使他讓一只狗懷孕，如果它們的后代存活下來(lái)，也將面臨其他克隆動(dòng)物出生時(shí)出現(xiàn)的問(wèn)題：不成熟的肺和心臟以及體重問(wèn)題等異常?！辈怀墒斓姆魏托呐K都是器官出現(xiàn)問(wèn)題，可推斷動(dòng)物克隆可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)有缺陷的器官。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)“壞脾氣”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“免疫缺陷”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“畸形”，文中沒(méi)有提及，該選項(xiàng)屬于無(wú)中生有。

5.【選項(xiàng)釋義】

Itcanbeseenthatpresentcloningtechniques____.由此可見(jiàn)，目前的克隆技術(shù)____。

A.stillhavealongwaytogobeforereachingmaturityA.在達(dá)到成熟之前還有很長(zhǎng)的路要走

B.havebeenwidelyusedinsavingendangeredspeciesB.已被廣泛用于拯救瀕危物種

C.provideinsightintothequestionofnaturevs.nurtureC.提供了對(duì)先天與后天問(wèn)題的洞察

D.haveprovedquiteadequateforthecloningofhumansD.已經(jīng)證明足以克隆人類

【答案】A

【考查點(diǎn)】推理判斷題。

【解題思路】根據(jù)文章第一段“到目前為止，他和他的團(tuán)隊(duì)還沒(méi)有成功”以及第三段講到“克隆極其低效，而且危險(xiǎn)（Cloningisincrediblyinefficient,andalsodangerous）”和最后一段提到克隆動(dòng)物出現(xiàn)器官上的問(wèn)題可知目前的克隆技術(shù)還不成熟。因此選A。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

B選項(xiàng)“已被廣泛用于拯救瀕危物種”，文中倒數(shù)第二段提到“它還可能導(dǎo)致克隆特殊救援犬和許多瀕危動(dòng)物。”由此可知還未被廣泛用于拯救瀕危物種，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾；

C選項(xiàng)“提供了對(duì)先天與后天問(wèn)題的洞察”，文中倒數(shù)第二段提到“除了克隆一只大狗，這個(gè)項(xiàng)目還可能有助于洞察先天與后天的老問(wèn)題?！蔽闹兄皇钦f(shuō)有可能有助于，并未說(shuō)提供了，該選項(xiàng)屬于過(guò)度推斷；

D選項(xiàng)“已經(jīng)證明足以克隆人類”，文章最后一段最后一句提到“當(dāng)我們?cè)趧?dòng)物身上還沒(méi)有接近成功的時(shí)候，你為什么會(huì)想要克隆人類呢？”由此可知，目前的克隆技術(shù)并不能克隆人類，該選項(xiàng)屬于反向干擾。

17.單選題

HarvardUniversity’sunder-graduateeducationisbeingreformedsothatitincludessometimespentoutsidetheUSandmoresciencecourses,theUSCableNewsNetwork(CNN)hasreported.Forthefirsttimein30years,Harvardis（1）itsunder-graduatecurriculum.WilliamKirby,deanofthefacultyofartsandsciences,saidthis

（2）

whatmanypeoplehadsaidthatHarvard’scurriculumdidnotprovideenoughchoiceandencourageprematurespecialization.

“Harvardneedsto

（3）

itseducationforaworldwhereglobalconnections,crossdisciplinaryresearch,andscienceingeneralareevermoreimportant,”saidKirby.

Particularly

（4）

istheideathatstudentsneedtospendtimeoverseas,eitherinatraditionalstudy-abroadprogramoroverasummer,perhapsdoing