考研考博-英語-上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-上海外國(guó)語大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Please（）yourselffromsmokingandspittinginpublicplaces,sincethelawforbidsthem.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.restrain

B.hinder

C.restrict

D.prohibit

【答案】A

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)restrain“控制，約束”；B選項(xiàng)hinder“阻礙，打擾”；C選項(xiàng)restrict“限制，約束”；D選項(xiàng)prohibit“阻止，禁止”。根據(jù)句意可知，這里是說控制自己不要抽煙，對(duì)自身的控制和管理應(yīng)使用restrain，而restrict多指限制在一定的范圍內(nèi)。所以選項(xiàng)A最為恰當(dāng)。

2.單選題

Don'tleaveyourbicycleoutintherain.It'llget（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rusty

B.crude

C.rough

D.tough

【答案】A

【解析】句意：不要將你的自行車放在雨中,

會(huì)生銹的。選項(xiàng)A正確。

3.單選題

RichardSatava,programmanagerforadvancedmedicaltechnologies,hasbeenadrivingforceinbringingvirtualrealitytomedicine,wherecomputerscreatea“virtual”orsimulatedenvironmentforsurgeonsandothermedicalpractitioners.

“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.

ThecomputerswouldtransmitimagesofthesoldierstosurgeonsbackintheU.S.Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmets(頭盔)thatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.

AlthoughSatava’svisionmaybeyearsawayfromstandardoperatingprocedure,scientistsareprogressingtowardvirtualrealitysurgery.EngineersataninternationalorganizationinCaliforniaaredevelopingatele-operatingdevice.Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.Thecomputerprovidesfeedbacktothesurgeononforce,textures,andsound.

Thesetechnologicalwondersmaynotyetbepartofthecommunityhospitalsettingbutincreasinglysomeofthemachineryisfindingitswayintocivilianmedicine.AtWayneStateUniversityMedicalSchool,surgeonLuciaZamoranotakesimagesofthebrainfromcomputerizedscansandusesacomputerprogramtoproducea3-Dimage.Shecanthenmaneuverthe3-Dimageonthecomputerscreentomaptheshortest,leastinvasivesurgicalpathtothetumor.Zamoranoisalsousingtechnologythatattachesaprobetosurgicalinstrumentssothatshecantracktheirpositions.Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.

Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan.

Satavasays,“Weareinthemidstofafundamentalchangeinthefieldofmedicine.”

1.AccordingtoRichardSatava,theapplicationofvirtualrealitytomedicine（）.

2.Howisvirtualrealitysurgeryperformed?

3.RichardSatavahasvisionsof（）.

4.Duringvirtualrealityoperations,thesurgeoncanhaveabetterviewofthecutsinthebodybecause（）.

5.Virtualrealityoperationsareanimprovementonconventionalsurgeryinthatthey____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willenablesurgeonstobephysicallypresentoneverybattlefieldt

B.canraisethespiritsofsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

C.willgreatlyimprovemedicalconditionsonthebattlefieldt

D.canshortenthetimeforoperationsonsoldierswoundedonthebattlefieldt

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Itisperformedbyacomputer-designedhighprecisiondevice.t

B.Surgeonswearvirtualrealityhelmetstoreceivefeedbackprovidedbyacomputer.t

C.Surgeonsmoveroboticinstrumentsbymeansofacomputerlinedtothem.t

D.A3-Dimagerecordsthemovementsofthesurgeonsduringtheoperation.t

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.usingaremote-controltechniquetotreatwoundedsoldiersfightingoverseast

B.woundedsoldiersbeingsavedbydoctorswearingvirtualrealityhelmetsonthebattlefieldt

C.woundedsoldiersbeingoperatedonbyspeciallytrainedsurgeonst

D.settingupmobilesurgicalunitsoverseast

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.heislookingatthecutsonacomputerscreent

B.thecutscanbeexaminedfromdifferentanglest

C.thecutshavebeenhighlymagnifiedt

D.heiswearing3-Dglassest

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.causelesspaintothewoundedt

B.allowthepatienttorecovermorequicklyt

C.willmakehumansurgeons’worklesstedioust

D.aredonebyrobotsurgeonswithgreaterprecision

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“根據(jù)薩塔瓦，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用……”。第二段提到“Withvirtualrealitywewillbeabletoputasurgeonineverytrench,”saidSatava.Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（薩塔瓦說：“有了虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)技術(shù)，我們將能夠在每條戰(zhàn)壕里都安置一名外科醫(yī)生?！彼O(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室），由此可以推理，虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)在醫(yī)學(xué)上的應(yīng)用可以改善戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療條件，故C項(xiàng)“將大大改善戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的醫(yī)療條件”正確。A項(xiàng)“將使外科醫(yī)生能夠親臨每一個(gè)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)”，表述與原文不符；B項(xiàng)“可以鼓舞在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵的精神”和D項(xiàng)“可以縮短在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上受傷的士兵的行動(dòng)時(shí)間”文章沒有提到。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“如何進(jìn)行虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)？”。根據(jù)文章第四段第三句Assurgeonswatchathree-dimensionalimageofthesurgery,theymoveinstrumentsthatareconnectedtoacomputer,whichpassestheirmovementstoroboticinstrumentsthatperformthesurgery.（當(dāng)外科醫(yī)生觀察手術(shù)的三維圖像時(shí)，他們移動(dòng)與計(jì)算機(jī)相連的儀器，計(jì)算機(jī)將他們的動(dòng)作傳遞給實(shí)施手術(shù)的機(jī)器人儀器）可知，C項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生通過排列在機(jī)器上的計(jì)算機(jī)移動(dòng)機(jī)器器械”正確。A項(xiàng)“它是由計(jì)算機(jī)設(shè)計(jì)的高精度設(shè)備執(zhí)行的”沒有提到；B項(xiàng)“外科醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔接受電腦提供的反饋”，第三段提到Thesurgeonswouldlookatthesoldierthroughvirtualrealityhelmetsthatcontainasmallscreendisplayingtheimageofthewound.（外科醫(yī)生將通過虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔觀察士兵，頭盔上有一個(gè)顯示傷口圖像的小屏幕），可知醫(yī)生是通過頭盔親自觀察士兵的傷情，而不是通過接收機(jī)器人的反饋；D項(xiàng)“一幅3d圖像記錄了外科醫(yī)生在手術(shù)過程中的動(dòng)作”，第五段最后一句提到Whilecuttingawayatumordeepinthebrain,shewatchesthemovementofhersurgicaltoolsinacomputergraphicsimageofthepatient’sbraintakenbeforesurgery.（在切除大腦深處的腫瘤時(shí)，她在術(shù)前拍攝的病人大腦計(jì)算機(jī)圖形圖像中觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作）可知，3d圖像是醫(yī)生用來觀察手術(shù)工具的動(dòng)作，而不是記錄外科醫(yī)生的動(dòng)作，D項(xiàng)表述不正確。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)推理題。題干意思是“薩塔瓦幻想……”。根據(jù)文章第二段第二句Heenvisagedatimewhensoldierswhoarewoundedfightingoverseasareputinmobilesurgicalunitsequippedwithcomputers.（他設(shè)想有一天，在海外戰(zhàn)斗中受傷的士兵可以被安置在配備電腦的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室）可推理，理查德?薩塔瓦設(shè)想受傷的戰(zhàn)士可以在移動(dòng)的手術(shù)室通過遠(yuǎn)程控制電腦實(shí)現(xiàn)被遠(yuǎn)程救治，故A項(xiàng)“用遙控技術(shù)治療海外作戰(zhàn)的受傷士兵”符合題意。B項(xiàng)“傷兵在戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上被醫(yī)生戴著虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)頭盔拯救”，表述不準(zhǔn)確，頭盔是醫(yī)生用來觀察傷情而非實(shí)行救治的；C項(xiàng)“受過專門訓(xùn)練的外科醫(yī)生對(duì)受傷士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)”，第三段最后一句提到Thedoctorswouldguideroboticinstrumentsinthebattlefieldmobilesurgicalunitthatoperateonthesoldier.（醫(yī)生們將指導(dǎo)戰(zhàn)場(chǎng)上的移動(dòng)手術(shù)室內(nèi)的機(jī)器人設(shè)備為士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)），可知是通過機(jī)器人為士兵進(jìn)行手術(shù)，C項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D項(xiàng)“在海外設(shè)立流動(dòng)手術(shù)室”是以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“在虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)中，外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口，因?yàn)椤薄５箶?shù)第二段第一句提到Duringtheseprocedures-operationsthataredonethroughsmallcutsinthebodyinwhichaminiaturecameraandsurgicaltoolsaremaneuvered-surgeonsarewearing3-Dglassesforabetterview.（在這些手術(shù)過程中，通過身體的小切口進(jìn)行的手術(shù)中，操作微型相機(jī)和手術(shù)工具的外科醫(yī)生戴著3D眼鏡，以便更好地觀察），由此可知外科醫(yī)生可以更好地看到身體的切口是因?yàn)?d眼鏡提供的更好的視野，故D項(xiàng)“他戴著3d眼鏡”正確。A項(xiàng)“他正在看電腦屏幕上的切口”，表述不夠準(zhǔn)確；B項(xiàng)“切口可以從不同的角度檢查”和C項(xiàng)“切口被高度放大”文中未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

第5題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題干意思是“虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)，因?yàn)樗鼈儭?。根?jù)文章倒數(shù)第二段最后一句Andtheyarecommandingrobotsurgeonstocutawaytissuemoreaccuratelythanhumansurgeonscan（他們還命令機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更精確地切除組織）可知，機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生比人類外科醫(yī)生更能精確的實(shí)行組織切除，這是虛擬現(xiàn)實(shí)手術(shù)是傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)的改進(jìn)的原因；故D項(xiàng)“由機(jī)器人外科醫(yī)生更精確地完成”正確。A項(xiàng)“對(duì)受傷的人造成較少的痛苦”、B項(xiàng)“讓病人恢復(fù)得更快”和C項(xiàng)“將使人類外科醫(yī)生的工作不那么乏味”文中均未提及。因此，該題選擇D項(xiàng)正確。

4.單選題

FoodanddrinkplayamajorroleinChristmascelebrationsinmostcountries,butinfewmoresothaninMexico.Manyfamiliesoverthefestiveseasonwilldolittlemorethancookandingestaseeminglyconstantcycleoftortillas,friedbeans,meatbothroastedandstewed,andstickydessertsfordaysonend.Thusdoestheextendedfamilykeeponextending—furtherandfurtherovertheircollectivewaistlines.

Luckythem,youmightthink.ExceptthatMexico’sbadeatinghabitsareleadingtoahealthcrisisthatmostMexicansseemblissfullyunawareof.Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.

Thestatisticsareimpressive,andalarming.AccordingtotheOECD,Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.Ahealthpollin1999foundthat35%ofwomenwereoverweight,andanother24%technicallyobese,JuanRivera,anofficialattheNationalInstituteofPublicHealth,saysthatthecombinedfigureformenwouldbeabout55%,andthatasimilarpolltobecarriedoutnextyearwillshowthefatquotientrising.

OnlytheUnitedStates,withcombinedfiguresofover60%,isahead.

Thatsituationalsovariesgeographically.AlthoughMexicanspopulatethenorthoftheircountrymoresparelythanthesouth,theymakeupforitweight-wise.AStudypublishedbythePan-AmericanHealthOrganizationamonthagoshowedthatinthemostlyHispanicpopulationthatlivesoneithersideoftheAmerican-Mexicanborder,fully74%ofmenand70%ofwomenareeitheroverweightorobese.

Moreover,evenexpertshavebeensurprisedbyhowrapidlythenationhasswollen.Whereasthe1999pollshowed59%ofwomenoverweightorobese,only11yearspreviouslythatfigurewasjust33%.Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,saysJoel,RodriguezoftheMexicanDiabetesFederation,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.Withabout6.5milliondiabeticsoutofapopulationof100million,Mexiconowhasahigherratethananyotherlargecountryintheworld.Notsurprisingly,Mr.RodriguezarguesthatMexicoisinthegripofan"epidemic".

NordoesittaxthebrainmuchtoworkoutthatthecausesoftheseexplosionsinobesityanddiabetesaretheMexicandietandalackofexercise.FormostMexicans,foodconsumption,notjustatChristmasbutallyearround,isanunvaryingcombinationofrefriedbeanstortillas,meatandrefrescos,orfizzydrinks;theyconsume101litersofcoladrinksperpersonperyear,justalittlelessthanAmericansandthreetimesasmuchasBrazilians.

Meanwhile,thelackofexercise,Mr.Riveraargues,isasymptomofrapidurbanizationoverthepast30years.Obesityanddiabetesratesremainslightlylowerinruralareas,indicatingthatmanuallaborenduresasaneffectivewaytostaveoffweightgain.InMexicoCity,though,pollutionandcrimehaveprogressivelydrivenpeopleoutoftheparksandthestreets,somostnowwalkaslittleaspossible—preferablynofortherthanfromthevalet-parkingservicetotherestaurant.Tocombatthefat,healthprofessionalssaythatthecountrymustfirstrealizethatitisindeedinthegripofanepidemic.Otherdiseases,suchasAIDsmidcancer,havecapturedmostofthepublicityinrecentyears;obesityanddiabeteshavebeencomparativelyneglected.

1.Thephrase"onend"inthefirstparagraphcanbereplacedby（

）.

2.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisTRUEaccordingtothepassage?

3.Theword"perennial"inthesecondparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

4.WhichisthemostsignificantcauseofmortalityinMexico?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.untilallbeenconsumed

B.continuously

C.upright

D.untilthelastday

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Mexicansareeatingalotbecauseofthecountry'saffluence

B.MexicanscanmatchAmericansinthenourishmentoftheirdiet

C.Mexicansonlyovereatduringfestiveseasons

D.Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthisworld

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.perpetual

B.transient

C.recurring

D.perilous

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Cancer

B.Diabetes

C.Heartdisease.

D.Obesity

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘第一段中“onend”一詞可替換為’。由第一段第二句“overthefestiveseason在節(jié)日期間”和“fordays數(shù)日”以及onend本身有“連續(xù)地；不斷地”的意思確定B選項(xiàng)“連續(xù)不斷地”可以替換嗎，正確。

2.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘根據(jù)短文，下列哪個(gè)句子是正確的?’。由第二段第二句“Obesityanditsrelateddisorder,diabetes,arenowmajorhealthconcernsinacountrywherelargeruralregionsarestillconcernedmorewithunder-nourishmentthanwithover-nourishment.肥胖及其相關(guān)疾病糖尿病目前是該國(guó)的主要健康問題，而該國(guó)廣大農(nóng)村地區(qū)仍然更關(guān)注營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良，而不是營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人吃很多是因?yàn)樵搰?guó)的富裕”與原文不符，排除；C選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人只是在節(jié)日期間吃得過多”在文中沒有提及，排除；第三段第二句“Mexicoisnowthesecondfattestnationinthatgroupof30countries.墨西哥現(xiàn)在是（OECD）30個(gè)國(guó)家中第二肥胖的國(guó)家”確定D項(xiàng)“墨西哥現(xiàn)在是世界上第二肥胖的國(guó)家”錯(cuò)誤，范圍錯(cuò)誤，排除；由第二段最后一句“InitsperennialrivalrywiththeUnitedStates,Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor-mouthfulformouthful.在與美國(guó)的長(zhǎng)期競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，墨西哥終于找到了一個(gè)可以與它的北方鄰國(guó)旗鼓相當(dāng)大口大口的吃?！蓖茢嗄鞲绾兔绹?guó)的飲食習(xí)慣相似；而第三段講到墨西哥是OECD第二大肥胖的國(guó)家，美國(guó)位居第一；所以綜合考慮確定B選項(xiàng)“墨西哥人在飲食的營(yíng)養(yǎng)供給上比得上美國(guó)人”符合文意，正確。

3.詞匯題。題干詢問‘第二段中“perennial”一詞可能是指…’。A選項(xiàng)perpetual“長(zhǎng)期的；不斷的；無期限的”；B選項(xiàng)recurring“循環(huán)的；再發(fā)的”；C選項(xiàng)transient“短暫的；路過的”；D選項(xiàng)perilous“危險(xiǎn)的，冒險(xiǎn)的”。找到第二段中單詞所在的原句子“Mexicohasatlastfoundanareainwhichitcanmatchitsnorthernneighbor—mouthfulformouthful.在它與美國(guó)的perennial競(jìng)爭(zhēng)中，墨西哥最后發(fā)現(xiàn)一個(gè)它能與它北部的鄰居相比的領(lǐng)域，即食量?！备鶕?jù)句意和上一題可推斷perennial的意思為“長(zhǎng)期的”，所以A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。題干詢問‘墨西哥最重要的死亡原因是什么?’。由第五段第三句“Nowhereisthetransformationmorenoticeablethanintheprevalenceofdiabetes,closelylinkedtoover-eatingandobesity.In1968,thediseasewasin35thplaceasadirectcauseofmortalityinMexico,butnowitoccupiesfirstplace,abovebothcancerandheartdisease.這種轉(zhuǎn)變?cè)谔悄虿〉牧餍猩献顬槊黠@，糖尿病與暴飲暴食和肥胖密切相關(guān)。1968年，這種疾病是墨西哥第35位的直接死亡原因，但現(xiàn)在它占據(jù)了首位，超過了癌癥和心臟病。”所以B選項(xiàng)“糖尿病”正確。

5.單選題

Thelongyearsoffoodshortageinthiscountryhavesuddenlygivenwaytoapparentabundance.Storesandshopsarechokedwithfood.Rationing(定量供應(yīng))isvirtuallysuspended,andoverseassuppliershavebeenaskedtoholdbackdeliveries.Yet,insteadofjoy,thereiswidespreaduneasinessandconfusion.Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?Istheabundanceonlytemporary,orhasitcometostay?Doesitmeanthatweneedtothinklessnowaboutproducingmorefoodathome?Nooneknowswhattoexpect.

Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests.NorthAmericaisnowbeingfollowedbyathird.MostofBritain’soverseassuppliersofmeat,too,areofferingmorethisyearandhomeproductionhasalsorisen.

Buttheeffectofallthisonthefoodsituationinthiscountryhasbeenmadeworsebyasimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood.Theshopsareoverstockedwithfoodnotonlybecausethereismorefoodavailable,butalsobecausepeople,frightenedbyhighprices,arebuyinglessofit.

Moreover,theriseindomesticpriceshascomeatatimewhenworldpriceshavebeguntofall,withtheresultthatimportedfood,withtheexceptionofgrain,isoftencheaperthanthehome-producedvariety.Andnowgrainprices,too,arefalling.Consumersarebeginningtoaskwhytheyshouldnotbeenabledtobenefitfromthistrend.

Thesignificanceofthesedevelopmentsisnotlostonfarmers.Theoldergenerationhasseenitallhappenbefore.Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket.Presentproductionisrunningat51percentabovepre-warlevels,andthegovernmenthascalledforanexpansionto60percentby1956;butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell.

1.Whyisthere“wide-spreaduneasinessandconfusionaboutthefoodsituationinBritain?”

2.Themainreasonfortheriseinfoodpricesisthat（

）

.

3.Whydidn’tthegovernment’sexpansionprogramworkverywell?

4.Thedecreaseinworldfoodpricewasaresultof（

）.

5.WhatdidthefuturelooklikeforBritain’sfoodproductionatthetimethisarticlewaswritten?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theabundantfoodsupplyisnotexpectedtolast.

B.Britainisimportinglessfood.

C.Despitetheabundance,foodpriceskeeprising.

D.Britainwillcutbackonitsproductionoffood.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.peoplearebuyinglessfood

B.thegovernmentisprovidinglessfinancialsupportforagriculture

C.domesticfoodproductionhasdecreased

D.importedfoodisdrivingpriceshigher

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthefinancialsupportthegovernmentguaranteed

B.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutthebenefitsofexpandingproduction.

C.Becausethefarmerswereuncertainaboutwhetherforeignmarketscouldbefoundfortheirproduce

D.Becausetheoldergenerationoffarmerwerestronglyagainsttheprogrammer.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asharpfallinthepurchasingpoweroftheconsumers.

B.asharpfallinthecostoffoodproduction

C.theoverproductionoffoodinthefood-importingcountries

D.theoverproductiononthepartofthemainfood-exportingcountries

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThefallinworldfoodpriceswouldbenefitBritishfoodproducers.

B.Anexpansionoffoodproductionwasathand.

C.Britishfoodproducerswouldreceivemoregovernmentfinancialsupport.

D.Itlooksdepressingdespitegovernmentguarantees.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段Whydofoodpriceskeeponrising,whenthereseemstobesomuchmorefoodabout?提到人們對(duì)于為什么糧食多了價(jià)格卻依然持續(xù)上漲表示擔(dān)憂，所以可以看出人們感到不安和困惑的原因是食物充足但是價(jià)格卻在上漲，選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

2.文章第三段asimultaneousriseinfoodprices,duechieflytothegradualcuttingdownofgovernmentsupportforfood提到食物價(jià)格增長(zhǎng)的主要原因是政府逐漸減少了對(duì)食物的支持。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.文章最后一段Despitethepresentpriceandmarketguarantees,farmersfeartheyareabouttobesqueezedbetweencheapfoodimportsandashrinkinghomemarket提到盡管目前的價(jià)格還有市場(chǎng)保證，但是農(nóng)民依舊擔(dān)心他們將被擠壓在廉價(jià)的進(jìn)口食品和一個(gè)萎縮的國(guó)內(nèi)市場(chǎng)中，所以可以推斷農(nóng)民對(duì)于這樣的保證是不信任的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

4.文章第二段Therecentgrowthofexportsurplusesontheworldfoodmarkethascertainlybeenunexpectedlygreat,partlybecauseastrangesequenceoftwosuccessfulgrainharvests提到國(guó)際食物市場(chǎng)貿(mào)易順差的增加非常大，貿(mào)易順差說明出口多余進(jìn)口，由此可知是國(guó)內(nèi)生產(chǎn)增加使得出口加大，選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.文章最后一句butrepeatedMinisterialadviceiscarryinglittleweightandtheexpansionprogramisnotworkingverywell提到部長(zhǎng)重復(fù)的建議沒有什么作用，擴(kuò)張計(jì)劃進(jìn)行的不怎么好，由此可知，這個(gè)前景是令人擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

6.單選題

Anyonewithhalfaneyeontheunemploymentfiguresknewthattheassertionabouteconomicrecovery________justaroundthecornerwasuntrue.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.wouldbe

B.tobe

C.was

D.being

【答案】D

【解析】考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。句意：任何人只要清楚失業(yè)人數(shù)就知道關(guān)于經(jīng)濟(jì)即將恢復(fù)的斷言是不真實(shí)的。分析句子成分主句是anyoneknew...，that引導(dǎo)賓語從句；從句的結(jié)構(gòu)是assertionwasuntrue，about后面的成分用來解釋說明assertion。因?yàn)閍bout后面沒有從句連接詞，所以我們要用非謂語形式，否則會(huì)造成一個(gè)從句里面沒有連接詞卻有兩個(gè)謂語，這樣不符合語法，因而A，C錯(cuò)誤；關(guān)鍵詞aroundthecorner“即將來臨”，我們要選現(xiàn)在分詞，表即將到來的事情。不定式表將要到的事情，但“將來”什么時(shí)候來并不清楚。

7.單選題

Wehaveknownforalongtimethattheorganizationofanyparticularsocietyisinfluencedbythedefinitionofthesexesandthedistinctiondrawnbetweenthem.Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdif-ferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions.Ourna-tureisnotconsideredasimmutable,eithersociallyorbiologically.Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”.

Wecansafelysay，withafewminorexceptions,thatthedefinitionofthesexesandtheirrespec-tivefunctionsremainedunchangedintheWestfromthebeginningofthe19thcenturytothe1960s.Theroledistinction,raisedinsomecasestothestatusofuncompromisingdualismonastronglyhier-archicalmodel,lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome.Themansetouttoconquertheworldandwasresponsibleforthesurvivalofhisfamily,bysat-isfyingtheirneedsinpeacetimeandgoingtowarwhennecessary.

Theentireworldorderrestedonthedivergenceofthesexes.Anyoverlappingorconfusionbe-tweentheroleswasseenasathreattothetime-honoredorderofthings.Itwasfelttobeagainstna-ture,adeviationfromthenorm.

Sexrolesweredeterminedaccordingtothe“place”appropriatetoeach.Women’splacewas,firstandforemost,inthehome.Theoutsideworld,i.e.workshops,factoriesandbusinessfirms,be-longedtomen.Thissex-baseddivisionoftheworld(privateandpublic)gaverisetoastrictdichoto-mybetweentheattitudes,whichconferredoneachitsspecialidentity.Thewoman,sequesteredathome,“cared,nurturedandconserved?Todothis,shehadnoneedtobedaring,ambitious,toughorcompetitive.Theman,ontheotherhand,competingwithhisfellowmen,wascaughtupev-erydayinthestruggleforsurvival,andhencedevelopedthosecharacteristicswhichwerethoughtnat-uralinaman.

Today,manywomengoouttowork,andtheirreasonsfordoingsohavechangedconsiderably.Besidesthetraditionalfinancialincentives,wefindambitionandpersonalfulfillmentmotivatingthoseinthemostfavorablecircumstances,andthewishtohaveasociallifeandtogetoutoftheirdomesticisolationinfluencingothers.Aboveall，forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence.

1.Itisonlyinrecentyearsthatwehaverecognizedthat（）

2.Fromparagraph1wecaninferthatitisnowpossibleforwomentoembarkonacareer

because（）

3.TheauthorbelievesthatsexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960swas（）

4.Accordingtothefourthparagraph,theauthorseemstothinkthat（）

5.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingisthemostimportantreasonforwomentogotowork?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.thereisalmostnocluetotheidentityofbothsexes

B.theroledistinctionbetweendifferentsexesisconspicuous

C.thedifferentdefinitionsofsexesbearsonthedevelopmentofculture

D.theprogressofcivilizationgreatlyinfluencestheroledefinitionsofsexes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.thechangeinsexrolesisoutofthequestion

B.women’slibhasbeengoingonformanyyears

C.ideasabouttherolesofwomenhavebeenchanging

D.theexpansionofsciencesscarcelyremoldsthewomen’sroles

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.preferable

B.prevalent

C.presumable

D.precedent

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.femalepassivityisnatural

B.menandwomenarephysicallyidentical

C.menareborncompetitiveandaggressive

D.somedifferentsexidentityisacquired

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.Wishtoclaimtheirrightsandfreedom.

B.Ambitionandself-fulfillment.

C.Financialincentives.

D.Desireforasociallife.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“inrecentyearsthatwehaverecognized”定位至第一段：Butwehaverealizedonlyrecentlythattheidentityofeachsexisnotsoeasytopindown,andthatdefinitionsevolveinaccordancewithdifferenttypesofcultureknowntous,thatis,scientificdiscoveriesandideologicalrevolutions（但直到最近，我們才意識(shí)到，每一種性別的身份并不容易被確定下來，而且定義是根據(jù)我們所知的不同類型的文化，即科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)和意識(shí)形態(tài)革命而演變的）。因此，D項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第一段：Asweapproachthebeginningofthe21stcentury,thesubstantialprogressmadeinbiologyandgeneticsisradicallychallengingtheroles,responsibilitiesandspecificcharacteristicsattributedtoeachsex,andyet,scarcelytwentyyearsago,thesewerethoughttobe“beyonddispute”（在接近21世紀(jì)初的時(shí)候，生物學(xué)和遺傳學(xué)取得的實(shí)質(zhì)性進(jìn)展正在從根本上挑戰(zhàn)每一性別所扮演的角色、責(zé)任和特定特征，然而，就在20年前，這些被認(rèn)為是“無可爭(zhēng)議的”）。因此，C項(xiàng)（關(guān)于婦女角色的觀念一直在改變）正確。

3.語義題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“sexdiscriminationintheWestbeforethe1960s”定位至第二段：...lastedthroughoutthisperiod,appealingforitsjustificationtonature,religionandcustomsallegedtohaveexistedsincethedawnoftime.Thewomanborechildrenandtookcareofthehome，因此這種性別差異一直以來都存在。Preferable略勝一籌的；prevalent普遍存在的；presumable可推測(cè)的；precedent在先的。因此，B項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至第四段，作者認(rèn)為性別分工及性格形成并不是自然而然的事情。因此，D項(xiàng)（一些性別身份的不同是后天獲得的）正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)題。定位至最后一段：Aboveall,forallwomen,workisinvariablyconnectedwiththedesireforindependence（對(duì)于所有女性來說，工作是想要獨(dú)立）。因此，A項(xiàng)（希望獲得權(quán)力和自由）概括全面。

8.單選題

Americanshaveaprofoundlongingforheroes-nowperhapsmorethanever.Onsomelevel,westill（）themythofthemaninthewhitehat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.succeedto

B.subscribeto

C.succeedagainst

D.subsideinto

【答案】B

【解析】固定搭配。succeedto“繼承，接著發(fā)生”；subscribeto“同意，贊成”；succeedagainst“成功應(yīng)對(duì)”；subsideinto“逐漸衰退”。句意：美國(guó)人對(duì)英雄有一種深厚的渴望-現(xiàn)在活著比以往更加渴望。在某種程度上，我們?nèi)匀幌嘈糯靼酌弊尤说纳裨挕＿x項(xiàng)B符合題意。

9.單選題

Peoplebuyinsuranceinordertosubstituteasmall,certain,tolerablelossforalarge,uncertaincatastrophicone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.dominate

B.exchange

C.input

D.manipulate

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.dominate支配；控制B.exchange交換

C.input投入；輸入D.manipulate操縱

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語義銜接與介詞搭配

【解題思路】原文語義為“人們購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)是為了____一個(gè)小的、確定的、可以承受的損失為了（for）一個(gè)大的、不確定的災(zāi)難性損失?！痹~substituteAforB“用A代替B”?？崭裉幩钤~與介詞for搭配，B選項(xiàng)exchange“交換”最符合原文語義銜接與搭配，exchangeAforB“用A換B”。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原文介詞搭配與語義銜接。

【句意】人們購(gòu)買保險(xiǎn)是為了用一個(gè)小的、確定的、可以承受的損失來代替一個(gè)大的、不確定的災(zāi)難性損失。

10.單選題

Mysecondclaimconcernsindividualdifferences.Owingtotheaccidentsof（

）,environment,andtheirinteraction,notwoofusexhibitthesameintelligenceinpreciselythesameproportions.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.heredity

B.heir

C.heritage

D.supplement

【答案】A

【解析】名詞辨析題。heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”；heir“繼承人，后嗣”；heritage“遺產(chǎn)，傳統(tǒng)，繼承權(quán)”；supplement“補(bǔ)充，補(bǔ)充物，附錄”。根據(jù)句意‘我的第二個(gè)聲稱關(guān)于個(gè)人差異。由于（

）、環(huán)境及它們之間的相互作用，我們中沒有兩個(gè)人以恰好同樣的比例顯示同樣的智力?！_定A選項(xiàng)heredity“遺傳，遺傳性”的正確。

11.單選題

_______nothingmoretosay,themangottohisfeet,saidgoodbyeandlefttheroom.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therewas

B.Astherebeing

C.Being

D.Therebeing

【答案】D

【解析】考查therebe句型。therebe結(jié)構(gòu)的獨(dú)立主格的用法。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。句意：男子沒有多說什么，起身道別，離開了房間。

12.單選題

Thethreatofnucleardestructionseemstohavestimulatedthehumanmind’sdualistictendencies,theinclinationtodivideitsuniverseintoconflictingorcontrastingpairs.Thisdichotomizingqualitycanbeusefulifithelpsustostructureourperceptionofrealityandtoseetheworldmoresharply.Itcanalsobeemployedtostraitjacketordistortrealityandtodeepenconflictsbetweenhumangroupswithdifferingviewsorinterests.

Iwishtodiscussanotherkindofhumandichotomy,morefundamentalperhaps,withwhich,Ibelieve,wewillhavetocometotermsifplanetarysurvivalistobepossible.Itisadivisioninournaturesthatneedstobecomeanacknowledgedgroundofdiscourseforusall.Irefertothedivisionbetweenwhatmightbecharacterizedasthedarksideofourbeing—thehatefilled,destructiveelementthatdominatessomuchofourindividualandgrouplife—andthemoreloving,noblersideofourselves.Notwithstandingthefactthatmaniscapableofmuchgoodness,weare,inthedepthsofournatures,alsoprimitivebeasts,inclined,attimeswithlittleprovocation,toindulgeinsavagery,brutality,war,andvengeanceorto