考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京藝術(shù)傳媒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-北京藝術(shù)傳媒職業(yè)學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thearticlesuggeststhatwhenaperson（）underunusualstressheespeciallycarefultohaveawellbalanceddiet.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is.Shouldbe

B.were...be

C.was...willbe

D.be...be

【答案】A

【解析】句意:文章建議，當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于不尋常的壓力之下時(shí)，他應(yīng)該特別注意飲食的均衡。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾樘摂M語(yǔ)氣。此處when引導(dǎo)的從句“當(dāng)一個(gè)人處于不尋常的壓力之下時(shí)”沒(méi)有明顯的時(shí)間限制，應(yīng)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)。suggest表示“建議”，因此后面從句中的主干部分動(dòng)詞應(yīng)該為should+動(dòng)詞原形。綜上所述，A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thepurposeofthelecturewasto（

）themassesoftheUnitedStateswiththeelementaryproblemsofLatinAmerica.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.inform

B.acquaint

C.instruct

D.announce

【答案】B

【解析】考查固定搭配。inform“通知”；acquaint“了解”；instruct“通知，指導(dǎo)”；announce“宣布”。句意：講座的目的是為了使美國(guó)大眾了解拉丁美洲的基本問(wèn)題。acquaintsb.withsth.“使某人了解某事”。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

3.單選題

Manyyearsagopeoplethoughttheearthwasflat.Theybelievedthatthesky（）abigup-side-downbowlandthatthesun,moon,andstarswerelampshangingfromthetopofthebowl.Later,people（）better.Theyfoundoutthattheearth（）round.

Wecallthestudyoftheskiesandtheplanetsastronomy,（）wecallthewatchersoftheskiesastronomer.EarlyastronomersthoughttheearthwasthecenterofTheythoughttheheavensspun（）theearth.Later,theychangedtheir（）Theyknewtheearthwasnotthecenter.Theybelievedthattheearthandthe（）planetsspinaroundthesun.Todayweknowthisistrue.

Ancientscientistsstudiedtheskies（）simpleinstruments.Thefirstperson（）atele-scopewasnamedGalileo.In1610（）fourmoonsaroundtheplanetJupiter.Today（）usemorecomplexequipment.Someofthesemeasurethebrightnessoflight.（）breaklightsupintodifferentcolors.Radiotelescopesmakestarsandplanets（）farcloserthanGalileo’stelescopecould.Earlyastronomers（）fiveplanetsinthesky.BesidesEarth,theyknewaboutmercury,Ve-nus,Mars,Jupiter,andSaturn.In1781aseventhonewasdiscoveredandnamedUranus.Yearslat-er,astronomersfoundanotherplanetandcalleditNeptune.TheninthplanettobefoundiscalledPluto.Itwasnot（）until1930.

Todayscientistscan（）almostanywhere.Theyhavereachedtheheavenswiththeirspace-craft.In1959,aspacecraft（）tookpicturesofthedarksideofthemoon.TheyearslateraspacecraftlandedtwoAmericansonthemoon.Otherimportantjourneysintospace（）.Whoknows?Maybe（）humanbeingswillliveonanotherplanet.Maybeyouwillbeoneofthem.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.was

C.hadbeen

D.were

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.spoke

B.told

C.knew

D.swore

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.was

B.hadbeen

C.is

D.were

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.and

B.but

C.yet

D.still

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.anything

B.nothing

C.something

D.everything

問(wèn)題6選項(xiàng)

A.around

B.round

C.about

D.along

問(wèn)題7選項(xiàng)

A.jobs

B.minds

C.suggestion

D.advice

問(wèn)題8選項(xiàng)

A.other

B.another

C.rest

D.remained

問(wèn)題9選項(xiàng)

A.by

B.on

C.with

D.within

問(wèn)題10選項(xiàng)

A.touse

B.used

C.uses

D.ofusing

問(wèn)題11選項(xiàng)

A.invented

B.created

C.saw

D.discovered

問(wèn)題12選項(xiàng)

A.musicians

B.carpenters

C.astronomers

D.scholars

問(wèn)題13選項(xiàng)

A.Theothers

B.Others

C.Another

D.Theother

問(wèn)題14選項(xiàng)

A.look

B.looking

C.tolook

D.looks

問(wèn)題15選項(xiàng)

A.couldhaveseen

B.couldsee

C.hadseen

D.saw

問(wèn)題16選項(xiàng)

A.trapped

B.served

C.discovered

D.settled

問(wèn)題17選項(xiàng)

A.run

B.explore

C.play

D.relax

問(wèn)題18選項(xiàng)

A.first

B.firstly

C.forthefirst

D.firstofall

問(wèn)題19選項(xiàng)

A.followed

B.hadfollowed

C.werefollowing

D.follow

問(wèn)題20選項(xiàng)

A.someday

B.someday

C.somedays

D.somedays

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

第6題:A

第7題:B

第8題:A

第9題:A

第10題:A

第11題:D

第12題:C

第13題:A

第14題:A

第15題:A

第16題:C

第17題:B

第18題:A

第19題:A

第20題:A

【解析】1.語(yǔ)法分析。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞believed為一般過(guò)去式，主語(yǔ)thesky為第三人稱(chēng)單數(shù)，因此選B。

2.詞義辨析。句意：人們得更多。knew知道、了解，符合句意。

3.語(yǔ)法分析。句意：他們發(fā)現(xiàn)地球是圓的。屬于客觀事實(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，故選C。

4.邏輯關(guān)系。句意：我們將對(duì)天空和星球的研究稱(chēng)為天文學(xué)，我們將星空觀察者稱(chēng)為天文學(xué)家。前后兩句為并列關(guān)系，故選A。

5.詞義辨析。句意：早期的天文學(xué)家認(rèn)為地球是宇宙萬(wàn)物的中心。D項(xiàng)everything意為“所有事物”,符合句意。

6.固定搭配。此處句意為：他們認(rèn)為天堂圍繞地球轉(zhuǎn)。spinaround為固定搭配意為“圍繞……旋轉(zhuǎn)”。

7.詞義辨析。此處句意應(yīng)為：他們改變了想法/認(rèn)知。jobs工作；minds想法；suggestion建議；advice建議。

8.詞義辨析。句意：他們認(rèn)為地球和行星圍繞太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。other其他的；another另外一個(gè)；rest剩余的；remain剩下的。故選A。

9.介詞辨析。句意：古代科學(xué)家通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)易工具研究天空。by憑借……工具或手段；on在……上面；with伴隨；within在……里面。故選A。

10.語(yǔ)法分析?？崭裉帒?yīng)為定語(yǔ)修飾主語(yǔ)。而動(dòng)詞不定式和動(dòng)名詞形式可以做定語(yǔ)。故A項(xiàng)為動(dòng)詞不定式做定語(yǔ)正確。

11.詞義辨析。句意：1610年，在木星周?chē)怂念w衛(wèi)星。invented發(fā)明；created創(chuàng)造；saw看見(jiàn)；discover發(fā)現(xiàn)。故選D。

12.詞義辨析。句意：現(xiàn)如今使用更精密的設(shè)備。C項(xiàng)astronomers（天文學(xué)家）正確。

13.關(guān)聯(lián)。根據(jù)前半句someof（有些）推斷空格處應(yīng)為T(mén)heothers（其他的）。

14.語(yǔ)法分析。Make為使役動(dòng)詞，后面跟動(dòng)詞原形。故選A。

15.語(yǔ)法分析?？崭裉幨菍?duì)過(guò)去的一種推測(cè)：早期的天文學(xué)家可能已經(jīng)看到了天空中的五顆行星。因此用could表示推測(cè)。

16.詞義辨析。句意：直到1930年科學(xué)家才它。trapped誘捕、陷入困境；served招待、服務(wù)；discovered發(fā)現(xiàn)；settled定居、解決。故C項(xiàng)符合句意。

17.詞義辨析。句意：科學(xué)家?guī)缀跄軌蛴钪娴娜魏蔚胤?。run運(yùn)行、跑；explore探索；play玩耍；relax放松。故B項(xiàng)符合句意。

18.詞義辨析。句意：在1959年，一艘宇宙飛船首次拍到黑暗的月球上的照片。A項(xiàng)first意為“第一次”,而其他選項(xiàng)都表示“首先”，故選A。

19.語(yǔ)法分析。此句講述的是過(guò)去發(fā)生的事情，因此用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。

20.詞義辨析。句意：或許總有一天，人們會(huì)居住到另外一個(gè)星球。因此A項(xiàng)someday（有一天）正確。

4.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

Conventionalwisdomhasitthatconcernfortheenvironmentisaluxuryonlytherichworldcanafford;thatonlypeoplewhosebasicneedsforfoodandshelterhavebeenmetcanstartworryingaboutthehealthofdieplanet.Thissurveywillarguethatdevelopingcountries,too,shouldbethinkingabouttheenvironment.True,intherichcountriesastrongenvironmentalmovementdidnotemergeuntillongaftertheyhadbecomeindustrialized,astagethatmanydevelopingcountrieshaveyettoreach.Andtrue,manyofthedevelopedworld’senvironmentalconcernshavelittletodowithimmediatethreatstoitsinhabitants’well-being.Peopleworryaboutwhethercarbon-dioxideemissionsmightleadtoawarmerclimatenextcentury,orwhethergeneticallyengineeredcrapsmighthaveunforeseenconsequencesfortheecosystem.Thatiswhy,whenrichworldenvironmentalists’campaignagainstpollutioninpoorcountries,theyareoftenaccusedofnaivety.Suchcountries,thecriticssay,havemorepressingconcerns,suchasgettingtheirpeopleoutofpoverty.

Buttheenvironmentalproblemsthatdevelopingcountriesshouldworryaboutaredifferentfromthosethatwesternpunditshavefashionableargumentsover.Theyarenotaboutpotentialproblemsinthenextcentury,butaboutindisputableharmbeingcausedtodayby,aboveall,contaminatedwaterandpollutedair.Thesurveywillarguethat,contrarytoconventionalwisdom,solvingsuchproblemsneednothurteconomicgrowth;indeeddealingwiththemnowwillgenerallybecheaperthanleavingthemtocausefurtherharm.

Inmostdevelopingcountriespollutionseemstobegettingworse,notbetter.MostbigcitiesinLatinAmerica,forexample,aresufferingrisinglevelsofairpollution.Populationsinthesecountriesaregrowingsofastthatimprovementsinwatersupplyhavefailedtokeepupwiththenumberofextrapeople.Worldwide,aboutabillionpeoplestillhavenoaccesstocleanwater,andwatercontaminatedbysewageisestimatedtokillsome2millionchildreneveryyear.ThroughoutLatinAmerica,Asia,Africa,forestsaredisappearing,causingnotjustlong-termconcernaboutclimatechangebutalsoimmediateeconomicdamage.ForestfiresinIndonesiain1997producedahugeblanketofsmogthatenvelopedmuchofSouth-EastAsiaandkeptthetouristsaway.Itcouldhappenagain,andprobablywill.

Recentresearchsuggeststhatpollutionindevelopingcountriesisfarmorethanaminorirritation:itimposesaheavyeconomiccost.AWorldBankstudyputthecostofairandwaterpollutioninChinaat$54billionayear,equivalenttoanastonishing8%ofthecountry’sGDP.AnotherstudyestimatedthehealthcostsofairpollutioninJakartaandBangkokintheearly1990sataround10%ofthesecities’income.Thesearenomorethaneducatedguesses,butwhicheverwaythesumsaredone,thecostisnotnegligible.

1.Itisconventionallythoughtthat（）.

2.Criticsofcampaignagainstpollutioninpoorcountriesholdthatpoorcountriesshouldcaremoreabout（）

3.Itcanbeinferredfromthetextthat（）.

4.DisappearingforeststhroughoutLatinAmerica,AsiaandAfricacancause（）.

5.Thetextiswrittenforthepurposeof（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.onlyrichcountriescanaffordtocareaboutenvironmentalproblems

B.developingcountriesshouldalsobethinkingabouttheenvironment

C.environmentalproblemsexistonlyintherichworld

D.richcountrieshavenotpaidenoughattentiontothehealthoftheplanet

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.thepotentialgreenhouseeffect.

B.thebadconsequencesofgeneticallyengineeredcrops.

C.howtogetridofpoverty.

D.howtodevelopeducation.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.developingcountriesshouldworryabouttheharmcausedbypollutedwaterandair

B.thedevelopingcountries’economywilldevelopmorerapidlyiftheydealwithenvironmentalproblemsrightnow

C.theconventionalwisdomhasitthatsolvingenvironmentalproblemsmayhurteconomicgrowth

D.theconventionalwisdomholdsthatdealingwithenvironmentalproblemsnowwillgenerallycostless

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.immediateclimatechange

B.immediateeconomicdamage

C.moreforestsfires

D.higherdeathrate

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzingthedifferencebetweentheenvironmentalproblemsinrichandpoorcountries.

B.arguingwhydevelopingcountriesshouldtakeimmediateactiontodealwiththeirenvironmentalproblems.

C.demonstratinghowseriousdamagepollutioncancausetoacountry’seconomicdevelopment.

D.explainingwhythedevelopedworld’senvironmentalconcernshavelittletodowithimmediatethreats.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到第一段，“Conventionalwisdomhasitthatconcernfortheenvironmentisaluxuryonlytherichworldcanafford;thatonlypeoplewhosebasicneedsforfoodandshelterhavebeenmetcanstartworryingaboutthehealthofdieplanet.（傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，對(duì)環(huán)境的關(guān)注是一種奢侈，只有富裕國(guó)家才能負(fù)擔(dān)得起；只有那些基本的食物和住所需要得到滿(mǎn)足的人們才會(huì)開(kāi)始擔(dān)心地球的健康。）”A選項(xiàng)就是此句的轉(zhuǎn)述，因此答案為A。

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)推斷題。解題關(guān)鍵在第一段的最后一句：Suchcountries,thecriticssay,havemorepressingconcerns,suchasgettingtheirpeopleoutofpoverty.（批評(píng)人士說(shuō)，這些國(guó)家有更緊迫的問(wèn)題，比如如何讓他們的人民擺脫貧困。）這就是那些批評(píng)人士的觀點(diǎn)，因此C正確。

第3題:推斷題。定位到文章第二段，最后一句說(shuō)：Thesurveywillarguethat,contrarytoconventionalwisdom,solvingsuchproblemsneednothurteconomicgrowth（調(diào)查將提出，與傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)相反，解決這些問(wèn)題不一定會(huì)損害經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)）這句話(huà)就暗示了傳統(tǒng)的觀點(diǎn)是認(rèn)為解決這些環(huán)境問(wèn)題會(huì)損害經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)，因此C是正確的。

第4題:根據(jù)Latin可以定位到倒數(shù)第二段，“ThroughoutLatinAmerica,Asia,Africa,forestsaredisappearing,causingnotjustlong-termconcernaboutclimatechangebutalsoimmediateeconomicdamage.（在整個(gè)拉丁美洲、亞洲和非洲，森林正在消失，這不僅引起了對(duì)氣候變化的長(zhǎng)期關(guān)注，而且還造成了直接的經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。）”可以看出，這些消失的森林還會(huì)引發(fā)經(jīng)濟(jì)損失。答案為B。

第5題:全文主旨題。這種題一般需要考生有全文觀念，要理解全文想表達(dá)的主旨觀點(diǎn)，本文從第一段就開(kāi)始引出了發(fā)展中國(guó)家的環(huán)境問(wèn)題，并且后文也給出了很多例證，來(lái)表達(dá)發(fā)展中國(guó)家解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題是百利而無(wú)一害的，但是他們卻不愿意做，而是一直在放任它惡化，而這種舉措不僅會(huì)導(dǎo)致環(huán)境崩潰更會(huì)反過(guò)來(lái)導(dǎo)致經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題出現(xiàn)，因此作者想表達(dá)的是發(fā)展中國(guó)家應(yīng)該馬上采取措施來(lái)解決環(huán)境問(wèn)題。答案為B。

5.翻譯題

TranslatethefollowingsentencesintoEnglish

人類(lèi)文明的歷史與人類(lèi)學(xué)習(xí)如何利用水資源的歷史密不可分。

這些建筑物通常都是傍依懸崖而建的，既為了建設(shè)便利，也為了抵御敵人的侵犯。

西南地區(qū)非常干旱，水源稀少。

他寫(xiě)作不為名，不圖利，是因?yàn)樗幸环N燃燒的渴望，一種表達(dá)快樂(lè)的渴望。

Bramley大學(xué)為注冊(cè)的國(guó)際學(xué)生提供7類(lèi)獎(jiǎng)學(xué)金以幫助他們解決課程的費(fèi)用問(wèn)題。

【答案】Thehistoryofhumancivilizationiscloselyrelatedtothehistoryofhuman’slearningofhowtomakeuseofwaterresources.

Thesebuildingswereusuallybuiltagainstcliffs,bothforconvenientconstructionThesouthwesternregionisverydryandthewaterisscarce.

Hewritesneitherforfamenorforprofit,becausehehasastrongdesirewhichcanexpresshishappiness.

TheBramleyUniversityprovidessevenkindsofscholarshipforregisteredinternationalstudents,theaimistohelpthemsolvetheproblemofcoursecost.

6.單選題

Onhearingthenews,IwentuptoDale’sroom,removedthehamsterfromitscageand,paying（）attentiontohergrief,proceededtoswingitaroundbyitstailtomakesureitreallywasdead.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.scarce

B.bare

C.insufficient

D.scant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)scarce“缺乏的，不足的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)罕見(jiàn)，稀有；B選項(xiàng)bare“空的，赤裸的”；C選項(xiàng)insufficient“缺乏能力的”；D選項(xiàng)scant“缺乏的，不足的”，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是減少，限制。句意：聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息后，我前往黛爾的房間，把那只倉(cāng)鼠從籠子里拿出來(lái)，毫不在意她的悲傷，接著提著它的尾巴甩來(lái)甩去，看看它是不是真的死了。句中指的是對(duì)黛爾的悲傷視而不見(jiàn)，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)。

7.單選題

FromherconversationI______thatshehadalargefamily.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.estimated

B.suspected

C.predicted

D.deduced

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)estimated“（對(duì)數(shù)量、成本等的）估計(jì)”；B選項(xiàng)suspected“懷疑；覺(jué)得（尤指壞事可能屬實(shí)或發(fā)生）”；C選項(xiàng)predicted“預(yù)言”；D選項(xiàng)deduced“推斷”。句意：從和她的談話(huà)中我______她有一個(gè)大家庭。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，通過(guò)談話(huà)得出她有一個(gè)大家庭，談話(huà)中得出信息和事實(shí)，deduced“推斷”符合題意。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

8.翻譯題

Iamgratefulfortheinvitationtoparticipateinthisimportantconference,andIinterpretitasevidencethatstudentsofcreativitythemselvespossessthesensitivitytodivergentapproachesthattheyseektoidentifyinothers.ButIamnotaltogethersanguineabouttheoutcomeofyourexperimentwithme.Asmostofyoualreadyknow,Iamnopsychologist,butratheranex-physicistnowworkinginthehistoryofscience.Probablymyconcernisnolesswithcreativitythanyourown,butmygoals,mytechniques,andmysourcesofevidencearesoverydifferentfromyoursthatIamfarfromsurehowmuchwedo,orevenshould,havetosaytoeachother.Thesereservationsimplynoapology;rathertheyhintatmycentralthesis.Inthesciences,asIshallsuggestbelow,itisoftenbettertodoone’sbestwiththetoolsathandthantopauseforcontemplationofdivergentapproaches.Ifapersonofmybackgroundandinterestshasanythingrelevanttosuggesttothisconference,itwillnotbeaboutyourcentralconcerns,thecreativepersonalityanditsearlyidentification.Butimplicitinthenumerousworkingpapersdistributedtoparticipantsinthisconferenceisanimageofthescientificprocessandofthescientist;thatimagealmostcertainlyconditionsmanyoftheexperimentsyoutryaswellastheconclusionsyoudraw;andaboutitthehistorianmaywellhavesomethingtosay.Ishallrestrictmyattentiontooneaspectofthisimage--anaspectepitomizedasfollowsinoneoftheworkingpapers:Thebasicscientist“mustlackprejudicetoadegreewherehecanlookatthemost‘self-evident’factsorconceptswithoutnecessarilyacceptingthem,and,conversely,allowhisimaginationtoplaywiththemostunlikelypossibilities”.Inthemoretechnicallanguagesuppliedbyotherworkingpapers,thisaspectoftheimagerecursasanemphasisupon“divergentthinking,thefreedomtogooffindifferentdirections,...rejectingtheoldsolutionandstrikingoutinsomenewdirection.”Idonotatalldoubtthatthisdescriptionof“divergentthinking”andtheconcomitantsearchforthoseabletodoitareentirelyproper.Somedivergencecharacterizesallscientificwork,andgiganticdivergenceslieatthecoreofthemostsignificantepisodesinscientificdevelopment.Butbothmyownexperienceinscientificresearchandmyreadingofthehistoryofsciencesleadmetowonderwhetherflexibilityandopen-mindednesshavenotbeentooexclusivelyemphasizedasthecharacteristicsrequisiteforbasicresearch.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

正如你們大多數(shù)人已經(jīng)知道的那樣，我不是心理學(xué)家，而是現(xiàn)在從事科學(xué)歷史工作的一位前物理學(xué)家。也許我對(duì)創(chuàng)造力的關(guān)心程度不比你們少，但是我的目標(biāo)、技巧和證據(jù)來(lái)源與你的有很大的不同，以至于不確定我們要做多少，或者應(yīng)該對(duì)彼此說(shuō)多少。這些保留并不意味著一種辯護(hù)，相反它們暗示了我的中心論點(diǎn)。在科學(xué)領(lǐng)域，正如以下我暗示到的，與其停下來(lái)去沉思不同的方法，不如好好利用手頭的工具。

我將把我的注意力集中于這個(gè)形象的一個(gè)方面，我在論文中將這個(gè)方面進(jìn)行了概括：基礎(chǔ)科學(xué)家“一定要沒(méi)有偏見(jiàn)，達(dá)到一種能查看‘不言自明’的事物或概念的程度，并且沒(méi)有必要接受它們，相反地，允許自己的想象力發(fā)揮到最不可能的可能。

”我對(duì)“發(fā)散思維”的描述一點(diǎn)都不覺(jué)得懷疑，對(duì)那些能夠進(jìn)行發(fā)散思維的人伴隨進(jìn)行的搜尋是完全恰當(dāng)?shù)摹Ｋ械目茖W(xué)工作者都存在分歧，并且巨大的分歧在科學(xué)發(fā)展中存在于意義最為深重的核心中。但是通過(guò)我自己的科學(xué)研究經(jīng)歷和對(duì)科學(xué)史的閱讀，我懷疑靈活性和無(wú)偏見(jiàn)是否被專(zhuān)有地強(qiáng)調(diào)成為基礎(chǔ)研究的必要特征。

9.單選題

Georgeisonlyastalking（）,hismotheristherealboss

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.horse

B.cat

C.duck

D.tiger

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)horse“馬，騎兵，腳架”；B選項(xiàng)cat“貓，貓科動(dòng)物”；C選項(xiàng)duck“鴨子，鴨肉”；D選項(xiàng)tiger“老虎，兇暴的人”。stalkinghorse“用以掩人耳目的人(或物)，用以掩蔽的事物，(為試探對(duì)手支持率而推出的)掩護(hù)性候選人”。句意：?jiǎn)讨沃皇莻€(gè)幌子，他媽媽才是真正的老板。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

RecombinantDNAtechnologyallowsscientiststocutsegmentsofDNAfromonetypeoforganismandcombinethemwiththegenesofasecondorganism.AlsocalledgeneticengineeringrecombinantDNAtechnologyisamethodbywhichrelativelysimpleorganisms,suchasbacteriaoryeast,orevenmammaliancellsinculture,canbeinducedtomakequantitiesofhumanproteins,includinginterferonsorgrowtobaccoplantsthatproducemonoclonalantibodies,andgoatsthatsecreteaclot-dissolvingheartattackdrug,tissueplasminogenactivator(TPA),intheirmilk.

AnotherfacetofrecombinantDNAtechnologyinvolvesgenetherapy.Thegoalofthistherapyistoreplacedefectivegenes,ortoendowacellwithnewcapabilities.In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstratedwhentumor-infiltratinglymphocytes(TILS)wereextractedfromapatient,equippedwithamarkergene(sotheycouldbetrackedandmonitored),andthenre-injectedintopatientswithadvancedcancer.TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells,beforebeingusedasavector,theviruswasalteredsothatitcouldnotreproduceorcausedisease.Thisexperimentdemonstratedthatgene-modifiedcellscouldsurviveforlongperiodsinthebloodstreamandintumordepositswithoutharmtothepatient.

Theearliestattemptstousegenestherapeuticallyfocusedonaformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease(SCID),whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase(ADA)—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.WhenthevirussplicesitsgenesintothoseoftheTcells,itsimultaneouslyintroducesthegeneforthemissingenzyme.AfterthetreatedTcellsbegintoproducethemissingenzyme,theyareinjectedbackintothepatient.

Genetherapyisnowbeingusedwithsomecancerpatients.TILSreinforcedwithagenefortheantitumorcytokineknownastumornecrosisfactor(TNF)havebeenadministeredtopatientswithadvancedmelanoma,adeadlyformofskincancer.Plansareunderwaytoengineeracancer“vaccine”designedtoimproveanticancerimmuneresponsesbytakingsmallbitsoftumorfrompatientswithcancer,outfittingthetumorcellswithgenesforimmunecellactivatingcytokinessuchasLL2,andre-injectingthesegene-modifiedtumorsintothepatient.Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,theenhancedimmuneresponsetriggeredbythistechniquemayhelppreventtherecurrenceofcancer.

1.WhatinnatecharacteristicofvirusesdidresearcherstakeadvantageofinordertotransportgenesintoTILS?

2.Accordingtothepassage,SCIDiscausedby（

）.

3.Whymightcancerpatientsbeleeryoftheprospectofacancer“vaccine”asdiscussedinthispassage?

4.Adenosinedeaminase(ADA)istransferredintotheTcellsofapatientviawhichofthefollowing?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.protectiveproteincoat

B.affinityforinvadingcells

C.non-cellularconsistency

D.abilitytoproduceDNAfromRNA

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.anoverabundanceofmonoclonalantibodies

B.anoverabundanceoftumornecrosisfactor

C.alackoftumornecrosisfactor

D.alackofadenosinedeaminase

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Vaccinerecipientswillbere-injectedwithcancerousmaterial

B.Thevaccineisderivedfromthetobaccoplant.

C.Thesafetyofgenetictransferhasnotyetbeenproven.

D.Geneticmaterialfromthevectorcouldinvadethevaccinerecipient’sbloodstream.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.markergene

B.TILS

C.interferon

D.modifiedretrovirus

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘研究人員利用病毒的什么固有特性來(lái)將基因?qū)隩ILS?’根據(jù)文章第二段第四句的“TodeliverthegeneintotheTILS,thescientistsusedavirus,exploitingitsnaturaltendencytoinvadecells.為了將這種基因?qū)隩ILS，科學(xué)家們使用了一種病毒，利用它入侵細(xì)胞的自然傾向?！贝_定B選項(xiàng)‘入侵細(xì)胞的傾向’正確。

2.題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)文章，SCID是由……導(dǎo)致的?！鶕?jù)第三段第一句與第二句中的“aformofseverecombinedimmunodeficiencydisease（SCID）,whichiscausedbythelackofanenzymeduetoasingleabnormalgene.Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient’sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.一種嚴(yán)重的聯(lián)合免疫缺陷病(SCID)，由單個(gè)異?；蛞鸬拿溉狈σ?。這種酶的基因——腺苷脫氨酶(ADA)——通過(guò)一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞”中的lackof可以排除A選項(xiàng)‘單克隆抗體過(guò)量’、B選項(xiàng)‘腫瘤壞死因子過(guò)多’和C選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腫瘤壞死因子’。從第一句與第二句的前后關(guān)系及this這個(gè)詞知道第一句的enzyme就是指第二句的enzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA），所以D選項(xiàng)‘缺乏腺哲脫氨酶’正確。

3.題目提問(wèn)‘為什么癌癥患者會(huì)對(duì)這篇文章中所討論的癌癥“疫苗”的前景持懷疑態(tài)度?’根據(jù)最后一段最后一句中的“Whilethethoughtofreintroducingacanceroustumorintoapatientseemssomewhatfrightening,盡管將惡性腫瘤細(xì)胞重新植入患者體內(nèi)的想法似乎有點(diǎn)嚇人”推知A選項(xiàng)‘疫苗接種者將被重新注入癌物質(zhì)’正確。B選項(xiàng)‘疫苗是來(lái)自煙草植物’和D選項(xiàng)‘載體中的遺傳物質(zhì)可以入侵疫苗接受者的血液’在文章中沒(méi)有提及，排除；C選項(xiàng)‘基因轉(zhuǎn)移的安全性尚未得到證實(shí)’與文中第二第三句中的“In1989,thefeasibilityandsafetyofgenetransferwasdemonstrated.在1989年，基因轉(zhuǎn)移的可行性與安全性己經(jīng)得到證明。”互相矛盾，排除。

4.題目提問(wèn)‘ADA通過(guò)下列哪一種途徑轉(zhuǎn)移到患者的T細(xì)胞中?’根據(jù)文章第三段第二句“Thegeneforthisenzyme-adenosinedeaminase（ADA）—isdeliveredintothepatient'sTcellsbyamodifiedretrovirus.這種酶的基因---ADA---通過(guò)一種改良的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄病毒進(jìn)入病人的T細(xì)胞。”確定D選項(xiàng)‘modifiedretrovirus經(jīng)過(guò)修改的逆轉(zhuǎn)錄酶病毒’正確。

11.單選題

Thetwopaintingsbythegreatartistembodythe（

）styleofthetimesandtheimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.iconoclastic

B.heterodoxy

C.recluse

D.phantasmal

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞和形容詞詞義辨析。iconoclastic打破舊習(xí)的；偶像破壞的；heterodoxy異端，異端邪說(shuō)；recluse隱居的；phantasmal幻影的；幽靈的；空想的。句意：這位偉大的藝術(shù)家所作的這兩幅畫(huà)體現(xiàn)了這個(gè)時(shí)代（

）風(fēng)格和將徹底改變中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)的沖動(dòng)。由theimpulsesthatwouldtransformChinesecontemporaryart.這句中的transformChinesecontemporaryart“徹底改變中國(guó)當(dāng)代藝術(shù)”可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)具有打破舊習(xí)的意思，故答案為A。

12.單選題

Ifyouarealwayssittingupatnight,I’mafraidyoumay（

）fromoverworksoon.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fall

B.descend

C.sicken

D.collapse

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。fall“落下；降落”；descend“下降；下來(lái)”；sicken“生病”；collapse“倒塌；瓦解”。句意：如果你晚上總是熬夜，那么我擔(dān)心你可能會(huì)因?yàn)檫^(guò)度勞累而倒下。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

13.單選題

Thechoirslowlywalkedthroughthe（

）ofthechurchastheysang.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.passage

B.lane

C.isle

D.aisle

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。passage意為“通道，走廊”；lane意為“(鄉(xiāng)間)小路，小巷，胡同”；isle意為“島，小島”；aisle意為“(教堂、戲院、火車(chē)等座位間或超級(jí)市場(chǎng)貨架間的)走道，過(guò)道”。由thechurch（教堂）可知選D。

句意：唱詩(shī)班在唱詩(shī)的時(shí)候慢慢地穿過(guò)教堂的過(guò)道。

14.單選題

The（

）viewinBritainandotherWesterncountriesassociatesagingwithdecline,dependency,isolation,andoftenpoverty.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.predominant

B.credulous

C.inclusive

D.sustainable

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)predominant“主要的，占主導(dǎo)地位的”；B選項(xiàng)credulous“輕信的，易受騙的”；C選項(xiàng)inclusive“包括的，包羅廣泛的”；D選項(xiàng)sustainable“可持續(xù)的”。此處表示英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主要觀點(diǎn)，故選A。句意：英國(guó)和其他西方國(guó)家的主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為，老齡化通常與衰落、依賴(lài)、孤立以及貧窮有關(guān)。

15.單選題

Ourcivilizationcannotbethoughtofas（）inashortperiodoftime.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.tohavebeencreated

B.tobecreated

C.havingbeencreated

D.beingcreated

【答案】C

【解析】考查被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。as在這里是介詞，后面應(yīng)接名詞性質(zhì)的詞，排除A、B，create的動(dòng)作是過(guò)去發(fā)生的，應(yīng)該用過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，排除D。句意：不應(yīng)把我們的文明看作是短期內(nèi)創(chuàng)造出來(lái)的。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

16.單選題

MynieceAliceis（）inherwayoflivingandalwaysspendsmoremoneythanisreasonable.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.luxurious

B.distinguished

C.extravagant

D.sophisticated

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)luxurious“奢侈的，豐富的，放縱的”；B選項(xiàng)distinguished“卓越的，著名的，高貴的”；C選項(xiàng)extravagant“奢侈的，浪費(fèi)的，過(guò)度的”，更加傾向于具體的行為舉止；D選項(xiàng)sophisticated“復(fù)雜的，精致的，久經(jīng)世故的”。句意；我的侄女愛(ài)麗絲生活（），總是亂花錢(qián)。而這里描述的是Alice的生活方式很奢侈，因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

17.單選題

Inrecentyears,therehasbeenasteadyassaultonsaltfromthedoctors:saltisbadforyouregardlessofyourhealth.Politiciansalsogotonboard."Thereisadirectrelationship,"UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,"betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath."

Frightening,iftrue!Butmanydoctorsandmedicalresearchersarenowbeginningtofeelthesaltscarehasgonetoofar.“Allthishueandcryabouteatingsaltisunnecessary,”Dr.Dustaninsists.“Formostofusitprobablydoesn'tmakemuchdifferencehowmuchsaltweeat.”Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextremelylow-saltdiet,orlaterwhensaltwasreintroduced.Ofthehypertensivesubjects,however,halfofthoseonthelow-saltdietdidexperienceadropinbloodpressure,whichreturnedtoitspreviouslevelwhensaltwasreintroduced.

“Anadequatetosomewhatexcessivesaltintakehasprobablysavedmanymorelivesthanithascostinthegeneralpopulation,”notesDr.JohnH.Laragh.“Soarecommendationthatthewholepopulationshouldavoidsaltmakesnosense.”

Medicalexpertsagreethateveryoneshouldpracticereasonable“moderation”insaltconsumption.Fortheaverageperson,amoderateamountmightrunfromfourtotengramsaday,orroughly1/2to1/3ofateaspoon.Theequivalentofonetotwogramsofthissatallowancewouldcomefromthenaturalsodiuminfood.Therestwouldbeaddedinprocessing,preparationoratthetable.

Thosewithkidney,liverorheartproblemsmayhavetolimitdietarysalt,iftheirdoctoradvises.Buteventheveryvocal“l(fā)owsalt”exponent,Dr.ArthurHullHayes,Jradmitsthat“wedonotknowwhetherincreasedsodiumconsumptioncauseshypertension.”Infact,thereisgrowingscientificevidencethatotherfactorsmaybeinvolved:deficienciesincalcium,potassium,perhapsmagnesium;obesity(muchmoredangerousthansodium);geneticpredisposition;stress.

“Itisnotyourenemy,”saysDr.Laragh.“SaltistheNo.1naturalcomponentofallhumantissue,andtheideathatyoudon'tneeditiswrong.Unlessyourdoctorhasproventhatyouhaveasalt-relatedhealthproblem,thereisnoreasontogiveitup.”

1.Accordingtosomedoctorsandpoliticians,theamountofsaltconsumed（）.

2.FromDr.Dustan’sstudywecaninferthat（）.

3.Inthethirdparagraph,Dr.Laraghimpliesthat（）.

4.Thephrase“vocal...exponent”(Line2,Para.4)mostprobablyrefersto（）.

5.Whatisthemainmessageofthistext?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exhibitsasanaggravatingfactortopeopleinpoorhealth

B.curesdiseasessuchasstrokeandcirculatorydisorders

C.correlateshighlywithsomediseases

D.isirrelevanttopeoplesufferingfromheartdisease

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.alow-saltdietmaybeprescribedforsomepeople

B.theamountofsaltintakehasnothingtodowithone’sbloodpressure

C.thereductionofsaltintakecancureahypertensivepatient

D.anextremelylow-saltdietmakesnodifferencetoanyone

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peopleshouldnotbeafraidoftakingexcessivesalt

B.doctorsshouldnotadvisepeopletoavoidsalt

C.anadequatetoexcessivesaltintakeisrecommendedforpeopleindisease

D.excessivesaltintakehasclaimedsomevictimsinthegeneralpopulation

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.eloquentdoctor

B.articulateopponent

C.loudspeaker

D.strongadvocate

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Thesaltscareisnotjustified.

B.Thecauseofhypertensionisnowunderstood.

C.Themoderateuseofsaltisrecommended.

D.Saltconsumptionistobepromoted.

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第一段“Thereisadirectrelationship,”UScongressmanNealSmithnoted,“betweentheamountofsodiumapersonconsumesandheartdisease,circulatorydisorders,strokeandevenearlydeath.”可知：一些醫(yī)生和政客認(rèn)為鈉的攝入量和身體健康有直接關(guān)系，并會(huì)引發(fā)多種疾病，甚至早逝。說(shuō)明他們認(rèn)為食鹽的攝入量與某些疾病的發(fā)生息息相關(guān)，因此，C項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章第二段Dustan'smostrecentshort-termstudyof150peopleshowedthatthosewithnormalbloodpressureexperiencednochangeatallwhenplacedonanextreme