考研考博-英語-山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-山東農(nóng)業(yè)大學(xué)考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.單選題

Myfatherdecidestomakemegobacktocollegeimmediately,studymylessonscarefully,and（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.amaster’sdegreemustattained

B.mustattainmymaster'sdegree

C.attainmymaster’sdegree

D.mymaster’sdegreebeattained

【答案】C

【解析】句意:父親決定讓我立刻回到學(xué)校，認(rèn)真學(xué)習(xí)課程，并獲得碩士學(xué)位。

語法題?？疾椴⒘械膭?dòng)詞短語。由表示并列的and可知所填成分應(yīng)與“studymylessonscarefully”結(jié)構(gòu)一致,故選C。

2.單選題

It____nowprettylate,thepartybrokeupandweallwenthome.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.is

B.being

C.was

D.been

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.is是（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）B.being是（現(xiàn)在分詞）

C.was是（一般過去時(shí)）D.been是（過去分詞）

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】獨(dú)立主格

【解題思路】原句逗號(hào)后是一個(gè)完整的句子，其句意為“聚會(huì)結(jié)束了，我們都回家了”。空格處所在部分句意為“已經(jīng)很晚了”。前后兩個(gè)句子之間沒有連詞連接，也沒有引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)系詞，因此“已經(jīng)很晚了（It____nowprettylate）”這個(gè)部分為一個(gè)獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，空格處應(yīng)填入一個(gè)非謂語動(dòng)詞；表示時(shí)間很晚了，用主動(dòng)語態(tài)，因此應(yīng)該使用現(xiàn)在分詞形式，B選項(xiàng)being“是（現(xiàn)在分詞）”符合題意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】

A選項(xiàng)is“是（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）”，謂語動(dòng)詞，不符合原句語法要求；

C選項(xiàng)was“是（一般過去時(shí)）”，謂語動(dòng)詞，不符合原句語法要求；

D選項(xiàng)been“是（過去分詞）”，過去分詞表示被動(dòng)，語態(tài)不對(duì)。

【句意】天已經(jīng)很晚了，聚會(huì)結(jié)束了，我們都回家了。

3.單選題

TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown;infact,thebakingindustryis（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.adhesive

B.flourishing

C.incidental

D.accommodating

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。通過TherearemanygoodbakeriesinMilltown可知Milltown有很多好的面包房，所以這里的烘焙產(chǎn)業(yè)發(fā)展不錯(cuò)。A選項(xiàng)為“可黏的”；B選項(xiàng)為“繁榮的；盛行的”；C選項(xiàng)為“附屬的；偶然的；伴隨發(fā)生的”；D選項(xiàng)為“樂于助人的；可通融的；隨和的”。因此，B選項(xiàng)更符合題意。

4.單選題

Ifsheisstupid,she’s______pleasanttolookat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.atanyrate

B.bychance

C.ataloss

D.bytheway

【答案】A

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.atanyrate無論如何，至少B.bychance偶然；意外地

C.ataloss困惑不解；不知所措D.bytheway順便問一下

【考查點(diǎn)】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】按照句意“雖然她很笨，但______她長(zhǎng)得很好看”可知，空格處含有讓步的意味，A項(xiàng)符合句意，故該題選擇A項(xiàng)。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】B、C、D項(xiàng)都不符合句意。

【句意】雖然她很笨，但至少她長(zhǎng)得很好看。

5.單選題

Ididn’tsentoutmyapplicationformlastweek,butI（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.hadto

B.shouldhave

C.woulddo

D.mighthaveto

【答案】C

【解析】考查情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的用法。句意：我上周沒有發(fā)申請(qǐng)表格，但是我本來應(yīng)該發(fā)的。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

6.單選題

Patientsareexpectedtocomplywithdoctors’instructionsforquickrecovery.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.improveon

B.abideby

C.drawupon

D.reflecton

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。complywith表示“遵守，照做”；A項(xiàng)improveon“改進(jìn)，對(duì)……加以改良”，B項(xiàng)abideby“遵守，信守”，C項(xiàng)drawupon“利用，開出”，D項(xiàng)reflecton“思考，反省”。句意：希望病人遵照醫(yī)生的指示盡快恢復(fù)。根據(jù)句意可知B項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Ifyoudiscussasubjectwithouttakinganadversarialposition,you’llgetclosertothetruthofthematterthanyouwouldbygoingateachother______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.eyetoeye

B.facetoface

C.hammerandtongs

D.hammerandnails

【答案】C

【解析】【試題解析】考查短語辨析。A選項(xiàng)eyetoeye“心有靈犀；四目相對(duì)”；B選項(xiàng)facetoface“面對(duì)面”；C選項(xiàng)hammerandtongs“竭盡全力”；D選項(xiàng)hammerandnails“錘子和釘子”。句意：如果不站在敵對(duì)的立場(chǎng)討論問題，相比于______相互攻擊，你們會(huì)更接近問題的真相。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是不要把全部注意力放在用言語相互攻擊對(duì)方，C選項(xiàng)hammerandtongs“竭盡全力”符合題意。這里沒有提到是否是面對(duì)面討論問題還是以其他方式，B選項(xiàng)facetoface“面對(duì)面”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

8.單選題

ThebrideandthebridegroomwereoverwhelmedinhappinesswhentheirfamilyofferedtotakethemtoRometo（）themarriage.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.terminate

B.initiate

C.consummate

D.separate

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。terminate“終止，結(jié)束”；initiate“開始”；consummate“完成”；separate“分開”。句意：當(dāng)聽到他們的家人要帶他們?nèi)チ_馬完婚，這對(duì)新郎新娘感到非常幸福。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

9.單選題

Becauseadegreefromagooduniversityisthemeanstoabetterjob,educationisoneofthemost（

）areasinJapaneselife.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.sophisticated

B.competitive

C.considerate

D.superficial

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。sophisticated意為“見多識(shí)廣的，老練的”；competitive意為“競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的，比賽的”；considerate意為“考慮周到的，體貼的”；superficial意為“膚淺的，表面的”。由前面because引導(dǎo)的原因狀語，可知好大學(xué)的學(xué)位意味著好更好的工作，故此推測(cè)教育領(lǐng)域具有競(jìng)爭(zhēng)性，因此選B。

句意：因?yàn)橐凰么髮W(xué)的學(xué)位是獲得更好工作的手段，所以教育是日本人生活中最具競(jìng)爭(zhēng)的領(lǐng)域之一。

10.單選題

Understandingtheflexibilityofaprospectivepartner'snegotiateddealstermsprovidescriticalinsightintothenegotiationprocess（）whatyoucanexpecttoachieveduringthenegotiationofterms.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.incaseof

C.infavorof

D.inviewof

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。intermsof依據(jù)，在…方面；incaseof以免；infavorof有利于，支持；inviewof鑒于，考慮到。句意：從談判的過程中，你期待能實(shí)現(xiàn)的事情的方面，了解潛在合作伙伴的談判條件的靈活性為談判過程提供了重要的視角?？崭窈蟮膬?nèi)容是談判的一方面，故A項(xiàng)正確。

11.單選題

TheCarnegieFoundationreportsaysthatmanycollegeshavetriedtobe"allthingstoallpeople".Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrow-mindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.Thecurrentcrisis,itcontends,doesnotderivefromalegitimatedesiretoputlearningtoproductiveends.Theproblemisthatintoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext;skills,ratherthanmeans,havebecomeends.Studentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.Inshort,drivenbycareerism,"thenation'scollegesanduniversitiesaremoresuccessfulinprovidingcredentialsthaninprovidingaqualityeducationfortheirstudents."Thereportconcludesthatthespecialchallengeconfrontingtheundergraduatecollegeisoneofshapingan"integratedcore"ofcommonlearning.Suchacorewouldintroducestudents"toessentialknowledge,toconnectionsacrossthedisciplines,andintheend,toapplicationofknowledgetolifebeyondthecampus."

Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.Asoneprofessorobserved"Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost."Notsurprisingly,overthelasttwentyyearscollegesanduniversitieshavefailedtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreetenure,promotion,orsubstantialsalaryincreases.Yet70percentofallfacultysaytheirinterestsliemoreinteachingthaninresearch.Additionally,afrequentcomplaintamongyoungscholarsisthat“thereispressuretopublish,althoughthereisvirtuallynointerestamongadministratorsorcolleaguesinthecontentofthepublications.”

1.Whenacollegetriestobeallthingstoallpeople(Lines1,ParA.1),itaimsto（）.

2.Bysayingthat"intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext"(Para.1)theauthormeansthattheteachingintheseareas（）.

3.OneofthereasonsforthecurrentcrisisinAmericancollegesanduniversitiesisthat（）.

4.WhydidAmericancollegesanduniversitiesfailtograduatehalfoftheirfour-yeardegreecandidates?

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthe

passagethathigh-qualitycollegeeducationcallsfor（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.satisfytheneedsofallkindsofstudentsatthesametime

B.focusontrainingstudentsinvariousskills

C.encouragestudentstotakeasmanycoursesaspossible

D.makelearningserveacademicratherthanproductiveends

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.ignorestheactualdanger

B.isnotbasedontherightperspective

C.onlyfocusesonhumanity

D.givesprioritytothecultivationofaglobalvisionamongstudents

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.anarrow-mindedcareerismhascometodominatemanycollege

B.studentsdon'thaveenoughfreedominchoosingwhattheywanttolearn.

C.skillsarebeingtaughtasameanstoanend

D.studentsareonlyinterestedinobtainingcredentials

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Becausemostofthemlackhigh-qualityfaculties

B.Becausetheinterestsofmostfacultymemberslieinresearch

C.Becausetherearenotenoughhardworkingstudents

D.Becausetheyattachgreaterimportancetoresearchandpublicationthantoteaching

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.fanaticalsupportfromthegovernment

B.acommitmenttostudentsandeffectiveteaching

C.thepracticeofputtinglearningtoproductiveends

D.dedicationtoresearchinfrontierareasofknowledgeonly

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞allthingstoallpeople可以定位到文章第一段中“Indoingso,theyhaveincreasinglycateredtoanarrow-mindedcareerismwhilefailingtocultivateaglobalvisionamongtheirstudents.”中文翻譯為“在這樣做的過程中，他們?cè)絹碓絻A向于狹隘的職業(yè)主義，卻未能在學(xué)生中培養(yǎng)出全球視野?！币约啊癝tudentsareofferedavarietyofoptionsandallowedtopicktheirwaytoadegree.”，中文翻譯為：“學(xué)生們可以選擇各種不同的方式，并允許他們選擇某種程度的課程?！笨梢酝茢喑鯟選項(xiàng)：鼓勵(lì)學(xué)生研習(xí)盡可能多的課程是其目的。

2.推理判斷題。由題干中的intoomanyacademicfields,theworkhasnocontext可以定位到文章第一段中“……skills,ratherthanmeans,havebecomeends”中文大意為“學(xué)習(xí)的目的是獲得技能，而不是獲得某種方法?！边M(jìn)一步解釋說明了題干這一部分，因此判斷出B選項(xiàng)符合題意。

3.推理判斷題。讀完第一段可知，因?yàn)橛险夜ぷ鞯男枰F(xiàn)在美國(guó)的許多大學(xué)里出現(xiàn)了教學(xué)危機(jī)。意味著僅僅為了尋找工作這種狹隘的思想支配了很多大學(xué)的教學(xué)方向。結(jié)合語境，A選項(xiàng)“一種狹隘的職業(yè)主義已經(jīng)占據(jù)了許多大學(xué)的主導(dǎo)地位”符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以定位到文章中“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,theCarnegiestudyfoundthatmostcollegesdoverylittletoencouragegoodteaching.”，中文翻譯為“.雖然一個(gè)好的大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵是高質(zhì)量的教師，卡內(nèi)基的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，但是大多數(shù)大學(xué)很少鼓勵(lì)良好的教學(xué)?！?，“Infact,theydomuchtoundermineit.”，中文翻譯為：“事實(shí)上，它們起到了很大的破壞作用。”以及“Asoneprofessorobserved:Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，中文翻譯為：“正如一位教授所說：我們被告知，教學(xué)很重要，但教師們知道，研究和出版是最重要的。”可以得知D選項(xiàng)：因?yàn)樗麄兏匾曆芯亢统霭?，而不是教學(xué)，最符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞high-qualitycollegeeducation可以定位到文章中“Althoughthekeytoagoodcollegeisahigh-qualityfaculty,.…”中文翻譯為“雖然要想成為一所好大學(xué)的關(guān)鍵是高素質(zhì)的教師”以及“Asoneprofessorobserved:Teachingisimportant,wearetold,andyetfacultyknowthatresearchandpublicationmattermost.”，中文翻譯為：“正如一位教授所說：我們被告知，教學(xué)很重要，但教師們知道，研究和出版是最重要的?！笨赏茢喑瞿壳罢且?yàn)椴蛔⒅亟虒W(xué)注重研究，才會(huì)使得一半學(xué)生難以畢業(yè)。結(jié)合語境，B選項(xiàng)：“對(duì)學(xué)生的義務(wù)與有效的教學(xué)”最符合。

12.單選題

Generally,itisonlywhenanimalsaretrappedthatthey（）toviolenceinordertoescape.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.proceed

B.appeal

C.resort

D.incline

【答案】C

【解析】句意:一般來說，動(dòng)物只有在落入圈套時(shí)，為了逃命才會(huì)采取暴力行為。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。proceed繼續(xù)前進(jìn)，開始；appeal懇求，呼吁；resort訴諸，憑借某些手段，通常與介詞to搭配；incline傾向于。因此無論從搭配還是從語義上來說，C項(xiàng)正確。

13.單選題

Theneedforsolarelectricityisclear.Itissafe,ecologicallysound,efficient,continuouslyavailable,andithasnomovingparts.Thebasicproblemwiththeuseofsolarphotovoltaicdevicesiseconomics,butuntilrecentlyverylittleprogresshadmadetowardthedevelopmentoflow-costphotovoltaicdevices.Thelargerpartofresearchfundshasbeendevotedtothestudyofsingle-crystalsiliconsolarcells,despitetheevidencethatthistechniqueholdslittlepromise.Thereasonforthispatternisunderstandableandhistorical.Crystallinesilicon,however,isparticularlyunsuitabletoterrestrialsolarcells.

Crystallinesiliconsolarcellsworkwellandsuccessfullyusedinthespaceprogram,wherecostisnotanissue.Whilesinglecrystalsiliconlmbeenproveninextraterrestrialusewithefficienciesashighas18percent,andothermoreexpensiveandscarcematerialscanhaveeverhigherefficiencies,costsmustbereducedbyafactorofmorethat100tomakethempracticalforcommercialuses.Besidethefactthatthestartingcrystallinesiliconisexpensive,95percentofitiswastedanddoesnotappearmthefinaldeviceRecently,therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.

Thisdifficultycanbeavoidedbypreparingcompletelydisorderedoramorphousmaterials.Amorphousmaterialshavedisorderedatomicstructureascomparedtocrystallinematerials:thatis,theyonlyshort-rangeorderratherthattheling-rangeperiodicityofcrystals.Theadvantagesofamorphoussolarcellsareimpressive.Whereascrystallinesiliconmustbemade200micronsthicktoabsorbasufficientamountofsunlightforefficientenergyconversiononlyImicronsoftheproperamorphousmaterialsisnecessary.Crystallinesiliconsolarcellscostinexcessof100persquarefoot,butamorphousfilmscanbecreatedatacostofabout50centspersquarefoot.

Althoughmanyscientistsworeawareoftheverylowcostofamorphoussolarcells,theyfeltthattheycouldneverbemanufacturedwiththeefficienciesnecessarytocontributesignificantlytothedemandforelectricpower.Thiswasbasedonmisconceptionaboutthefeaturewhichdeterminesefficiency.Forexample,itisnottheconductivityofthematerialinthedarkwhichisrelevant,butonlythephotoconductivity,thatis,theconductivityinthepresenceofsunlight.Already,solarcellswithefficiencieswellabove6percenthavebeendevelopedusingamorphousmaterials,andfurtherresearchwilldoubtlessfindevenlesscostlyamorphousmaterialswithhigherefficiencies.

1.Theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith（

）.

2.Theauthormentionsrecentattemptstomakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconprimarilyinorderto

（

）.

3.Thematerialinthepassagecouldbestbeusedinanargumentfor

（

）.

4.Thetoneofthepassagecanbestbedescribedas（

）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.discussingtheimportanceofsolarenergy

B.explainingthefunctioningofsolarcells

C.presentingahistoryofresearchonenergysources

D.describingapossiblesolutiontotheproblemofthecostofphotovoltaiccells

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.explainwhysiliconsolarcellshavebeenthecenterofresearch

B.demonstratethesuperiorityofamorphousmaterialsovercrystallinesilicon.

C.minimizetheimportanceofrecentimprovementsinsiliconsolarcells

D.contrastcrystallinesiliconwithpolycrystallineandribbonsilicon

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.discontinuingthespaceprogram

B.increasedfundingforresearchonamorphousmaterials

C.furtherstudyofthehistoryofsiliconcrystals

D.increasedrelianceonsolarenergy

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.criticalanddiscouraged

B.biasedandunprofessional

C.analyticalandoptimistic

D.hesitatingandinconclusive

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:C

【解析】1.主旨大意題。作者在開頭指出，太陽能非常重要，進(jìn)一步指出，太陽能電池顯然是太陽能技術(shù)的重要組成部分，其成本高的問題尚未解決。作者接下來討論對(duì)太陽能電池的研究以及生產(chǎn)硅電池遇到的困難。在第三段，作者指出，有一種解決問題的辦法，那就是非結(jié)晶材料。所以全文的主要目的是把非結(jié)晶材料作為一種有可能解決太陽能電池成本高的問題，D選項(xiàng)‘描述了光伏電池成本問題的一種可能解決方案’正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)原文“Recently，therehavebeensomeimaginativeattemptsmakepolycrystallineandribbonsiliconwhicharelowerincostthanhigh-qualitysinglecrystals;buttodatetheefficienciesoftheseapparentlylower-costmaterialshavebeenunacceptablysmallMoreover,thesematerialsarecheaperonlybecauseoftheintroductionofdisorderingincrystallinesemiconductors,anddisorderdegradestheefficiencyofcrystallinesolarcells.最近，有一些富有想象力的嘗試使多晶硅和帶狀硅的成本低于高質(zhì)量的單晶；但到目前為止，這些成本明顯較低的材料的效率一直低得令人無法接受。此外，這些材料之所以更便宜，只是因?yàn)榫w半導(dǎo)體中引入了無序，無序降低了晶體太陽能電池的效率”可知引入結(jié)晶半導(dǎo)體的無序會(huì)降低晶體硅太陽能電池的效率，C選項(xiàng)‘盡量減少近期硅太陽能電池改進(jìn)的重要性’正確。

3.推理判斷題。盡管作者沒有明確提倡為非結(jié)晶材料提供更多的研究基金，但全文隱含了這一論點(diǎn)。在第一段中Thelargerpartofresearchfundinghasbeendevotedtostudyofsinglecrystalsolarcells研究經(jīng)費(fèi)的大部分用于研究單晶太陽能電池”。根據(jù)第三段主題句可知，非結(jié)晶材料可以成為硅電池的替代品。因此可以推知，應(yīng)増加對(duì)非結(jié)晶材料的研究基金。

4.觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。從文章可知，文中采用了大量的數(shù)據(jù)，有整數(shù)也有百分比；并且因?yàn)樽詈笠欢巫詈蟮膬?nèi)容表明作者的樂觀的態(tài)度。本文通篇以事實(shí)描述的口吻向讀者展示關(guān)于利用非晶材料節(jié)約太陽能發(fā)電節(jié)約成本的問題，并不帶有主觀色彩，而末尾對(duì)非結(jié)晶材料的使用又抱有希望，所以C選項(xiàng)‘分析的和樂觀的’正確。

14.單選題

Somepeopleseemto（）onthepressureofworkingunderadeadline.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.render

B.evolve

C.prevail

D.thrive

【答案】D

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析。render報(bào)答；歸還；給予；evolve演變，進(jìn)化；prevail盛行，流行；thrive興旺，繁榮，茁壯成長(zhǎng)。句意:有些人似乎在最后期限工作的壓力下。故D項(xiàng)符合句意。

15.單選題

WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatedCONTRAST?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.

B.VictorialikesmusicSamisfondofsports.

C.Thinkitoveragainyou’llgetananswer.

D.Heissomewhatarrogant,Idon’tlikethis.

【答案】B

【解析】考查連詞用法。題干：哪個(gè)斜體部分表示對(duì)比？

A選項(xiàng)表示并列；B選項(xiàng)表示對(duì)比；C選項(xiàng)表示遞進(jìn)；D選項(xiàng)表示轉(zhuǎn)折。

16.單選題

Underno______willIgothereagain.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.circumstances

B.situation

C.environment

D.occurrences

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)circumstances“狀況；境遇”，undernocircumstances“無論如何都不”；B選項(xiàng)situation“形勢(shì)，局面”；C選項(xiàng)environment“環(huán)境”；D選項(xiàng)occurrences“發(fā)生的事情；（某事物的）發(fā)生”。句意：在任何______下我都不會(huì)再去那里了。根據(jù)語境，這里指的是在任何情況下都不會(huì)再去那里，結(jié)合詞組undernocircumstances“無論如何都不”，A選項(xiàng)circumstances“狀況；境遇”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Asnoted,amongthosewhowerecognitivelynormalatthestartofthestudy,（）alcoholdrinkersappearedtobeprotectedagainstdementia.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.moderate

B.minimum

C.medium

D.middle

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)moderate“有節(jié)制的”，B項(xiàng)minimum“最小的”，C項(xiàng)medium“中間的”，D項(xiàng)middle“中等的”；句意：特別提到的是，在研究最初，認(rèn)知正常，飲酒適度的人表現(xiàn)出對(duì)老年癡呆更好的防御能力。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.翻譯題

“Backtobusinessasusual”wastherallyingcrytakenupbyNewYorkersayearago,afterterroristsdestroyedtheWorldTradeCenter.Remarkably,asortofnormalityhasreturnedtothecity.Thefirstfewmonthsaftertheattackweredreadful,butthenewyearbroughtnewhope;touristsandbusinessmenstartedtoreturn;thehotelsandBroadwayshowsbegantofillup.Thissummer,thecity’seconomyhasreportedlyresumedgrowthafteradeeprecession.

Evenso,itwouldbewrongtoconcludethatlifehasreturnedtonormal.NewYorkremainsconsumedwithgriefforthethousandsofliveslost,rememberedthisweekincountlessservicesthroughoutthecity一bigandsmall,privateandpublic.Themostmovingwasthereadingofthenamesofeachmurderedindividual,whichcamejustafteroneminute’ssilencewasobservedat8:46a.m.onSeptember11th,theexactanniversaryofthefirstplanehittingthefirsttower.CanNewYorkeverhavebeensoquiet?

TherewasabriefmomentofcollectivepanicaroundMemorialDayinlateMay,afterthefederalgovernmentstartedsharingitsfearsthatterroristsmighttargetcitieswithweaponsofmassivedestructionandtheNewYorkTimesMagazineranacoverstoryexploringwhatmighthappenifanuclearbombwentoffinTimesSquare.Butthisweek’sceremonieshavepushedthesefearsoncemoretotheforefrontofpeople’sminds.

HowcanNewYorkersachievethe“closure”mostofthemyearnforwhentheyknowthatthosewhotooktheirfriendsandcolleaguescouldathandmomentcomebacktoforthem?Therewillbeacollectivesighofreliefoncethisanniversaryweekhasbeen(hopefully)safelynegotiated,butmostNewYorkerswillnotforgetthatwhatmadethecitysuchanattractivetargetayearagocontinuestomakeitthelikeliestfocusforanyfutureattackinAmerica.

Thecity’sboostersclaimthatpeoplewerebondedmorecloselythanevertotheBigApplebythecommunalpullingtogetheroftherecoveryeffort.

Itisdebatablewhetherthiswouldhavehappenediftheterroristshadstruckagain,orhaddonesomoreeffectivelythanwiththefewanthrax-carrying(含有炭疽病毒的)lettersthatwerereceivedlastOctoberfromstill-unknownauthors.Fornow,thelureofNewYorkhaspersuadedmostofitsinhabitantstogamblethatSeptember11thwasaone-off.

Suchcalculationssurelyoverstatetheterrorists’impact,becausetheyassumethattheattackstoppedanascenteconomicup-turninitstracks.ThatgivesinsufficientweighttothedamagethatWallStreetwouldhavesufferedanywayduetothecrisisofinvestorconfidencefollowingthecollapseofEnron,theaccountingscandalsandsoforth.

【答案】五月底的陣亡將士紀(jì)念日快到了,大眾感到一陣恐慌,因?yàn)槁?lián)邦政府像民眾一樣擔(dān)心恐怖分子也許會(huì)用大規(guī)模殺傷性武器襲擊一些城市。紐約《時(shí)代》雜志刊登了與封面圖片有關(guān)的文章,探討如果核彈在時(shí)報(bào)廣場(chǎng)爆炸會(huì)發(fā)生什么樣的情況。

（但愿）周年紀(jì)念周安全度過以后,大眾都會(huì)松一口氣。但是,大多數(shù)紐約人不會(huì)忘記,既然紐約一年前成為恐怖襲擊的目標(biāo),它以后仍最有可能成為美國(guó)受到襲擊的重要目標(biāo)。

如果恐怖分子再度襲擊,如果襲擊比去年10月從幾位匿名作者那里收到的、含有炭疽病毒的信件更可怕,公眾是否還會(huì)如此團(tuán)結(jié),這一點(diǎn)尚有爭(zhēng)議。

19.單選題

Onlyinrecentyears（）beguntorealizethatwilddogs,keptwithinbounds,oftendomoregoodthanharm.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.peoplehave

B.sincepeoplehave

C.havepeople

D.peoplewhohave

【答案】C

【解析】倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。Only位于句首，句子需要倒裝，即將助動(dòng)詞提前，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

20.單選題

Hejoinedacomputerdatingscheme（）butsofarithasn’tasuitablepatter.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeby

B.comeacross

C.comeupwith

D.comeroundto

【答案】B

【解析】本題考查了詞組的辨析。comeby“經(jīng)過”；comeacross“偶遇；偶然發(fā)現(xiàn)”；comeupwith“想出”；comeroundto“改變主意”，此處只有使用詞組comeacross表示“偶然”才符合句子的語義邏輯，故正確答案為選項(xiàng)B。句意為：他偶然加入了一個(gè)計(jì)算機(jī)日程計(jì)劃，但是到目前為止它還沒有一個(gè)合適的模式。

21.單選題

KnowingthathehadbeenadmittedtoCambridgeUniversity,hewastooexcitedtobe（

）onthephone.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.coincidental

B.identical

C.same

D.coherent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。coincidental“巧合的，一致的”；identical“相同的，同一的”；same“相同的”；coherent“連貫的”。句意：得知被劍橋大學(xué)錄取，他太過于激動(dòng)以至于在電話中話都說不連貫。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

22.單選題

Nutritionalstatusaffectschildren’sbehavior.Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.Fatchildrenalsofacemanyproblems.Theyareoftenslowandlessabletoparticipateinphysicalactivity.Theymaysufferfrombeinglaughedatandemotionalstressbybeingexcludedfromplaymates.

Children’sresistancetoinfectionandillnessisalsodefinitelyinfluencedbytheirnutritionalstatus.Childrenwhoarewellnourishedarelesslikelytobecomeill;theyalsorecovermorequicklywhentheyaresick.Poorlynourishedchildrenaremoresensitivetoinfectionsandillness.Illnessalsoincreasestheneedforsomenutrients.Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.

Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections.Malnutritionoccurswhenthereisprolongedimbalanceofthenutrientsthatarerequiredandthenutrientsthatareactuallyeaten.Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.

Itisimportantthatbothoftheseconditionsbeavoidedinyoungchild.Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment.Also,theeffectsofnutritionaldeficiencyonphysicaldevelopmentduringearlychildhoodarelesslikelytobechangedbyimproveddietaryintakelater.

1.Well-nourishedchildrentendtodoallthefollowingbut______.

2.WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

3.Malnutritionmaybecausedby______.

4.Itisimpliedinthepassagethat______.

5.Theword“withdrawn”inLine3ofPara1means______.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.beattentivewhilelearning

B.betooactiveinclass

C.benefitfromphysicalactivity

D.behaveveryproperly

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Children’sresistancetoillnessisdirectlyproportionaltotheirpoornutritionalstatus.

B.Thewell-nourishedtendtorecoverquicklywhentheyareill.

C.Thepoorly-nourishedaremostlikelytobethevictimsofanyinfectiousdisease.

D.Thecycleindicatesthatillnesscanturnthepoornutritionalconditionfortheworse.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.adeprivedenvironment

B.unwisefoodselections

C.undernutrition

D.alloftheabove

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.overnutritionisevenharmfulthanundernutrition

B.malnutritionhasseriouseffectsonchild’sphysicaldevelopment

C.thenutritionalconditionofayoungchilddeservesmoreconcernthanthatofanadult

D.thenutrientsintakecanbeimprovedasthechildgrowsup

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.isolated

B.reserve

C.selfish

D.stubborn

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“Well-nourished”可以定位到文章第一段第二句Well-nourishedchildrenaremorealertandattentiveandarebetterabletobenefitfromphysicalandlearningexperience.（營(yíng)養(yǎng)良好的兒童更警覺、更專心，更能從體育活動(dòng)和學(xué)習(xí)經(jīng)驗(yàn)中受益。），所以A選項(xiàng)“在學(xué)習(xí)時(shí)專心致志”，C選項(xiàng)“從體育活動(dòng)中受益”，D選項(xiàng)“行為端正”均符合營(yíng)養(yǎng)良好兒童的特點(diǎn)，排除A，C，D。B選項(xiàng)“在課堂上過于活躍”，由第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會(huì)安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動(dòng)中過于活躍。）可知，這是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良孩子的特點(diǎn)，因此本題選B。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。由A選項(xiàng)關(guān)鍵詞“resistancetoillness”可以定位到文章第二段第五句Thuspoornutritioncreatesacycleofillness,poorernutritionalstatus,andloweredresistancetoillness.（因此，營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良造成了疾病的循環(huán)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況越差，抗病能力越低。），說明營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況越差的兒童，對(duì)疾病的抵抗力也越低。因此A選項(xiàng)“兒童對(duì)疾病的抵抗力與其不良的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況成正比”與原文的表述不符，本題選A。B選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)好的人生病后往往恢復(fù)得很快”，C選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的人最容易成為傳染病的受害者”，D選項(xiàng)“循環(huán)表明，疾病會(huì)使?fàn)I養(yǎng)不良的狀況惡化”均與原文的意思相符，所以排除B，C，D。

3.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】客觀細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干可以定位到文章第三段Malnutritionisaseriousproblemformanyyoungchildrenbutitisnotalwaysassociatedwithpovertyorapoorenvironment.Childrenofmiddleandupperincomefamiliesmayalsobemalnourishedbecauseofunwisefoodselections…Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition.（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良對(duì)許多兒童來說是一個(gè)嚴(yán)重的問題，但它并不總是與貧窮或惡劣的環(huán)境有關(guān)。中高收入家庭的孩子也可能因?yàn)椴幻髦堑氖澄镞x擇而營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良……營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良可能是營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足或營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩的結(jié)果。），說明營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因有惡劣的環(huán)境、不明智的食物選擇、營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足、營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩。A選項(xiàng)“惡劣的環(huán)境”，B選項(xiàng)“不明智的食物選擇”，C選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足”都是導(dǎo)致營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因之一，所以D選項(xiàng)“以上都是”正確。

4.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】主旨大意題。文章介紹了兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良造成的危害和導(dǎo)致兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因，但是C選項(xiàng)所說“兒童的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況比成人的營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀況更值得關(guān)注”無法從本文得出，本文并未對(duì)比兩種狀況哪一種更值得關(guān)注，C選項(xiàng)首先可排除。A選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩比營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足更有害”，由原文第三段最后一句“Malnutritionmaybetheresultofundernutritionorover-nutrition”可知，營(yíng)養(yǎng)過剩和營(yíng)養(yǎng)不足都是造成營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的原因，它們同樣有嚴(yán)重的危害，所以A錯(cuò)誤。D選項(xiàng)“隨著孩子的成長(zhǎng)，營(yíng)養(yǎng)素的攝入量可以得到改善”，由原文可知，早期兒童營(yíng)養(yǎng)缺乏對(duì)身體發(fā)育的影響不太可能因以后改善飲食攝入而改變，所以D錯(cuò)誤。B選項(xiàng)“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良對(duì)兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，由原文最后一段可知，Anadequateintakeofallrequirednutrientsismostvitalduringearlyperiodsofgrowthanddevelopment“在生長(zhǎng)和發(fā)育的早期階段，充分?jǐn)z取所有必需營(yíng)養(yǎng)素是最重要的”，也就是要保證發(fā)育期的營(yíng)養(yǎng)攝入，可反推出“營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良對(duì)兒童的身體發(fā)育有嚴(yán)重影響”，因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

5.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】詞義推測(cè)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“withdrawn”可以定位到文章第一段第三句Poorlynourishedchildrenmaybequietandwithdrawn,ortooactiveduringclassactivities.（營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良的孩子可能會(huì)安靜、孤僻，或者在課堂活動(dòng)中過于活躍。），說明“withdrawn”在文中是形容兒童的性格，意思應(yīng)該是和“安靜”對(duì)應(yīng)的“孤僻的、沉默寡言的”。因此A選項(xiàng)isolated“孤獨(dú)的”正確。B選項(xiàng)reserve“儲(chǔ)備”，C選項(xiàng)“自私的”，D選項(xiàng)“頑固的”均不符合題意，所以B，C，D錯(cuò)誤。

23.不定項(xiàng)選擇題

IntheUnitedStates,thefirstdaynurserywasopenedin1854.Nurserieswereestablishedinvariousareasduringthe（1）halfofthe19thcentury;mostof（2）werecharitable.BothinEuropeandintheU.S,thedaynurserymovementreceivedgreat（3）duringtheFirstWorldWar,when（4）ofmanpowercausedtheindustrialemploymentofunprecedented(前所未有的)numbersofwomen.InsomeEuropeancountriesnurserieswereestablished（5）inmunitions(軍火)plants,underdirectgovernmentsponsorship.（6）thenumberofnurseriesintheU.S.alsorose（7）,thisrisewasaccomplishedwithoutgovernmentaidofanykind.DuringtheyearsfollowingtheFirstWorldWar,（8）,federal,state,andlocalgovernmentsgraduallybegantoexerciseameasureofcontrol（9）thedaynurseries,chieflyby（10）them.

The（11）oftheSecondWorldWarwasquicklyfollowedbyanincreaseinthenumberofdaynurseriesinalmostallcountries,aswomenwere（12）calledupontoreplacemeninthefactories.Onthis（13）theU.S.governmentimmediatelycametothesupportofthenurseryschools,（14）$6,000,000inJuly,1942foranurseryschoolprogramforthechildrenofworkingmothers.Manystatesandlocalcommunities（15）thisFederalaid.Bytheendofthewar,inAugust1945,morethan100,000childrenwerebeingcared（16）indaycarecentersreceivingfederal（17）.Soonafterward,thefederalgovernment（18）cutdownitsexpendituresforthispurposeandlater（19）them,causingasharpdropinthenumberofnurseryschoolsinoperation.However,theexpectationthatmostemployedmotherswouldleavetheir（20）attheendofthewarwasonlypartlyfulfilled.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.late

B.latter

C.other

D.first

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.those

B.whose

C.them

D.imitation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.impetus

B.input

C.imitation

D.initiative

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.sources

B.abundance

C.shortage

D.reduction

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.hardly

B.entirely

C.even

D.only

問題6選項(xiàng)

A.Because

B.As

C.Since

D.Although

問題7選項(xiàng)

A.unanimously

B.sharply

C.predominantly

D.militantly

問題8選項(xiàng)

A.therefore

B.consequently

C.moreover

D.however

問題9選項(xiàng)

A.over

B.in

C.at

D.about

問題10選項(xiàng)

A.labeling

B.formulating

C.patenting

D.licensing

問題11選項(xiàng)

A.outset

B.outbreak

C.br