考研考博-英語-川北醫(yī)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-川北醫(yī)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Everythingintheuniverseundergoes（

）developmentandchange.

問題1選項

A.constant

B.continual

C.continuous

D.endless

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項constant“不變的，經常的”；B選項continual“持續(xù)不斷的”；C選項continuous“連續(xù)的，持續(xù)的”；D選項endless“無限的”。句意：世界上的所有事情都經歷著（）發(fā)展和變化。D選項作“無休止的”的解釋是一般形容不好的事物，所以不能選；

Constant：多指習慣性的重復和不變的持續(xù)，這里修飾的詞語是change，所以不符合語境；

Continual：強調重復或持續(xù)發(fā)生，但連續(xù)之間允許有間斷；

Continuous：語意最強，強調在時間和空間上沒有間斷；

這里發(fā)展和變化之間會存在著間斷，所以C選項最符合題意。

2.單選題

Thestudentsinthedormitorieswereforbidden,unlesstheyhadspecialpasses,

（）after11p.m.

問題1選項

A.stayingout

B.fromstayingout

C.againststayingout

D.tostayout

【答案】D

【解析】unlesstheyhadspecialpasses為插入語，可忽略不看。forbid的常用搭配是

forbidsb.todosth./forbiddoingsth.所以選項D正確。

3.單選題

Icouldn’tfind（）,andsoItookthisone.

問題1選項

A.alargeenoughcoat

B.anenoughlargecoat

C.alargecoatenough

D.acoatenoughlarge

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞用法。句意：enough修飾名詞時放名詞前，如：Idon’thaveenoughmoney.修飾形容詞或副詞時放形容詞或副詞后，如：Youarenotcapableenoughtogetthisposition.所以本題的正確答案是A選項。句意：我找不到足夠大的大衣，所以我拿了這一件。綜上所述，本題的正確答案是A選項。

4.單選題

Aslongaswedon’tloseheart,Ibelievewecanachieveourgoal（

）.

問題1選項

A.inthelongrun

B.inthefirstplace

C.onthewhole

D.atleast

【答案】A

【解析】考查介詞詞組辨析。inthelongrun“從長遠來看；最終”；inthefirstplace“首先;起初”；onthewhole“基本上；就全體而論”；atleast“至少”。句意：只要我們不失去信心，那么我相信我們最終可以達成我們的目標。選項A符合題意。

5.單選題

Hewould,wheninoffice,（）thatallsecretdatabemadepublic.

問題1選項

A.secure

B.ensure

C.assure

D.certify

【答案】B

【解析】考查動詞辨析。secure“保護;弄到”；ensure“確保;保證”；assure“使（某人）確信（某事）；使信服，使相信”；certify“證明”。只有B項符合題意。句意：當他執(zhí)政時，他會確保所有機密數據都要公布于眾。

6.單選題

TheSupremeCourt’sdecisionsonphysician-assistedsuicidecarryimportantimplicationsforhowmedicineseekstorelievedyingpatientsofpainandsuffering.

Althoughitruledthatthereisnoconstitutionalrighttophysician-assistedsuicide,thecourtineffectsupportedthemedicalprincipleof“doubleeffect”，acenturies-oldmoralprincipleholdingthatanactionhavingtwoeffects—agoodonethatisintendedandaharmfulonethatisforeseen—ispermissibleiftheactorintendsonlythegoodeffect.

Doctorshaveusedthatprincipleinrecentyearstojustifyusinghighdosesofmorphinetocontrolterminallyillpatients’pain,eventhoughincreasingdosageswilleventuallykillthepatient.

NancyDubler,directorofMontefioreMedicalCenter,contendsthattheprinciplewillshielddoctorswho“untilnowhavevery,verystronglyinsistedthattheycouldnotgivepatientssufficientmedicationtocontroltheirpainifthatmighthastendeath”.

GeorgeAnnas,chairofthehealthlawdepartmentatBostonUniversity,maintainsthat,aslongasgooddoctorprescribesadrugforalegitimatemedicalpurpose,thedoctorhasdonenothingillegalevenifthepatientusesthedrugtohastendeath.“It’slikesurgery,hesays.“Wedon’tcallthosedeathshomicidesbecausethedoctorsdidn’tintendtokilltheirpatients,althoughtheyriskedtheirdeath.Ifyou’reaphysician,youcanriskyourpatient’ssuicideaslongasyoudon’tintendtheirsuicide.”

Onanotherlevel,manyinthemedicalcommunityacknowledgethattheassisted-suicidedebatehasbeenfueledinpartbythedespairofpatientsforwhommodemmedicinehasprolongedthephysicalagonyofdying.

JustthreeweeksbeforetheCourt’srulingonphysician-assistedsuicide,theNationalAcademyofScience(NAS)releasedatwo-volumereport,ApproachingDeath:ImprovingCareattheEndofLife.Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.

Theprofessionistakingstepstorequireyoungdoctorstotraininhospitals,totestknowledgeofaggressivepainmanagementtherapies,todevelopaMedicarebillingcodeforhospital-basedcare,andtodevelopnewstandardsforassessingandtreatingpainattheendoflife.

Annassayslawyerscanplayakeyroleininsistingthatthesewell-meaningmedicalinitiativestranslateintobettercare.“Alargenumberofphysiciansseemunconcernedwiththepaintheirpatientsareneedlesslyandpredictablysuffering”，totheextentthatitconstitutes“systematicpatientabuse”.Hesaysmedicallicensingboards“mustmakeitclearthatpainfuldeathsarepresumptivelyonesthatareincompetentlymanagedandshouldresultinlicensesuspension”.

1.Welearnfromthepassagethat（

）

2.GeorgeAnnasmayagreethat（

）.

3.AccordingtotheNAS’sreport,oneoftheproblemsinend-of-lifecareis（

）.

4.What’sthepossiblemeaningof“aggressive”(Line3,Para.7)?

5.AccordingtoGeorgeAnnas，whichofthefollowingmedicalbehaviorsshouldbepunished?

問題1選項

A.doctorsneverincreasedrugdosagestocontroltheirpatients’pain

B.itisstillillegalfordoctorstohelpthedyingendtheirlives

C.theSupremeCourtstronglyopposesphysician-assistedsuicide

D.patientshavenoconstitutionalrighttocommitsuicide

問題2選項

A.adoctor’smedicationshouldn’tbejustifiedbyhisintentions

B.doctorscannotgivepatientslargedosagesofmedicationonanyaccount

C.high-dosagepain-relievingmedicationcanbeprescribed

D.doctorsshouldbeheldguiltyiftheyrisktheirpatients’death

問題3選項

A.prolongedmedicalprocedures

B.inadequatetreatmentofpain

C.systematicdrugabuse

D.insufficienthospitalcare

問題4選項

A.Bold.

B.Harmful.

C.Positive.

D.Energetic.

問題5選項

A.Treatingpatientimpatiently.

B.Givingpatientsmoremedicinethanneeded.

C.Reducingdrugdosagesforpatients.

D.Prolongingtheneedlesssufferingofthepatients.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.文章第一段和第二段的第一句話提到最高法院關于醫(yī)生協助自殺的裁決有重要的意義，最高法院支持流傳了幾個世紀的道德準則，這說明最高法院認為醫(yī)生沒有協助病人自殺的權利，所以選項B符合題意。

2.文章在第五段和最后一段提到了GeorgeAnnas。在第五段中，他認為只要醫(yī)生開藥是出于合理的醫(yī)療目的，即使這些藥會加速病人的死亡，醫(yī)生也沒有違法。最后一段最后一句他提出如果病人痛苦死去是醫(yī)生護理不好的表現，從兩段可以看出，他支持醫(yī)生大劑量用藥，所以選項C符合題意。

3.文章第七段第二句話提及臨終護理存在的問題，一個是theundertreatmentofpain(沒有對病人的疼痛采取有效的措施)，一個是ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying（強行使用無效的治療方法來延長病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴）。選項B符合題意。

4.單詞出現的句子是：Itidentifiestheundertreatmentofpainandtheaggressiveuseof“ineffectualandforcedmedicalproceduresthatmayprolongandevendishonortheperiodofdying”asthetwinproblemsofend-of-lifecare.句意：對病人疼痛處理不力和_____無效的治療方法來延長病人的生命，使其失去最后的尊嚴。由這句話中的ineffectual，forced,dishonor這些詞推出這樣的治療是沒有效果的，是不積極的。選項A符合題意。harmful與use搭配不符合語意。

5.文章最后一段GeorgeAnnas否定了大量醫(yī)生無視病人的痛苦，用藥延長病人痛苦這些做法。選項D符合題意。

7.單選題

ThenewtechnologicalrevolutioninAmericannewspapershasbroughtincreased（

）,awiderangeofpublicationsandanexpansionofnewspaperjobs.

問題1選項

A.manipulation

B.reproduction

C.circulation

D.penetration

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項manipulation“操作，處理”；B選項reproduction“繁殖，生殖”；C選項circulation“（報紙、雜志的）發(fā)行量，銷售量，流通，傳播”；D選項penetration“穿透，滲透”。根據newspapers（報紙）可知C選項符合語境。句意：美國報紙的新技術革命帶來了更多的發(fā)行量、廣泛的出版物和擴大了報紙的就業(yè)機會。

8.單選題

Inmoderndays,onthewesternbankoftheupperTigrisRiverstandsanIraqicitycalledQal’atShartlat.Thousandsofyearsago,thisverysitewasoncethecapitalofagreatMesopotamianempire.Atthetime,theplacehadadifferentname.ItwascalledAshurorArrur.ThewordAshureventuallygaverisetotheteamAssyria,whichwasthenorthernpartofMesopotamia.PeoplelivinginthatregionlaterbecameknownastheAssyrians.

HistoriansoftendividethelonghistoryofAssyriaintothreeperiodseventhoughtheycannotreachaconsensusovertheexactdatesofeachera.ThethreeperiodswastheOldAssyrianPeriod(circa2000B.C.—1400B.C.),theMiddleAssyrianPeriod(circa1365B.C.—1100B.C.)andtheNeo-AssyrianEmpire(circa934B.C.—609B.C.).

ArchaeologicalevidenceshowedthatpeoplebegantosettleinAshurasearlyas2500B.C.ButitdidnotattainanypoliticalsignificanceuntilthethirddynastyofUrcollapsedin2004B.C.Afterthatfiasco,theAssyrianstransformedtheAshurintoabustlingcommercialcenter,controllingtraderoutestoandfromAnatolia.In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.Attheheightofhisreign,hiskingdomownedtheentirenorthernMesopotamia.Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.WhilethingsweregoingsplendidlyforthisAssyrianupstart,Shamshi-Adadpassedawayin1791B.C.Soonafterhisdeath,thekingdombegantofallapart.KnowingthattheShamshi-Adad5sempirewasonthevergeofcollapse,Hammurabiofthe1stdynastyofBabylonjumpedatthechanceandinvadednorthernMesopotamia.HeconqueredAshurin1760B.C.Fromthatpointontothemiddleof1300sB.C.,Assyriawasreducedtoamerevassalstate.Atfirst,ithadtoanswertothe1stdynastyofBabylon.Afterthatempirewaseradicated,itturnedtosubmittoaHumankingdomcalledMitanni.Itwasnotuntil1365B.C.thatAssyria,thenruledbyAshur-uballitI,wasabletoregainitsindependence.Forthenextcouplehundredyears,Assyriagrewincreasinglypowerful.IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.

1.Accordingtothearticle,theAssyrianlivedinpartofmodern-day（）.

2.Accordingtothehistorians,thehistoryofAssyriahaslastedforabout（）.

3.ItwasduringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,thefirstgreatAssyrianKing,whentheAssyrians（）.

4.DuringthereignofShamshi-AdadI,theneighboringcountriesofAssyrianEmpire（）.

5.Inhistory,theAssyrianswereonceverypowerful,andtheyevenoccupied（）atonestage.

問題1選項

A.Egypt

B.India

C.China

D.Iraq

問題2選項

A.4,000years

B.3,800years

C.3,100years

D.1,400years

問題3選項

A.begantoexpandtheirempirewithmilitaryforces

B.begantoopennewtraderoutes

C.begantoencouragecommercialactivities

D.begantoestablishdiplomaticrelationswithothercountries

問題4選項

A.allshowedtheirrespect

B.alladmiredtheachievementsofShamshi-AdadI

C.allbecamevigilantandanxious

D.allpaidtributetoShamshi-AdadI

問題5選項

A.India

B.Russia

C.Egypt

D.Greece

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:C

【解析】1.事實細節(jié)題。根據第一段的內容可知，Assyrian生活在幾千年前被稱為Ashur或Arrur的地方。現在這個地方名為Qal’atShartlat，是一座伊拉克的城市。所以選項D正確。

2.信息歸納題。根據第二段的內容可知，歷史學家將亞述歷史劃分為三個時期，分別持續(xù)了600年、265年、325年，一共是大約1400年的歷史。選項D正確。

3.事實細節(jié)題。根據第三段第四句“In1813B.C.,thefirstgreatAssyrianking,Shamshi-AdadI,ascendedthethroneandbeganaseriesofmilitaryexpansions.”選項A符合原文。

4.事實細節(jié)題。根據第三段“Itsgrowinginfluencegaveitsneighborplentyofreasonstobewary.”其日益增長的影響力使其鄰國有充足的理由保持警惕。選項C符合原文。

5.事實細節(jié)題。根據最后一段最后一句“IteventuallydefeatedBabyloniaandevenoccupiedEgypt.”它最終打敗了巴比倫王國，甚至占領了埃及。選項C正確。

9.單選題

Sinceyouaresoweak,youshouldtakeevery____precautionagainstcatchingcold.

問題1選項

A.critical

B.comparable

C.distinct

D.conceivable

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.critical關鍵的B.comparable可比較的

C.distinct明顯的；確切的D.conceivable可想象的；可信的

【答案】D

【考查點】形容詞辨析與語義銜接

【解題思路】原句語義為“既然你這么虛弱，你應該采取一切____的預防措施以防感冒。”由此可知，病人非常虛弱，應該采取一切可能的措施預防感冒，D選項conceivable“可想象的；可信的”最符合原句語義銜接。

【干擾項排除】

A選項critical“關鍵的”，“采取每一個關鍵的預防措施”沒有“采取每一個可能的預防措施”符合原句語境；

B選項comparable“可比較的”，不符合原句語義銜接；

C選項distinct“明顯的；確切的”，不符合原句語義銜接。

【句意】既然你這么虛弱，你應該采取一切可能的預防措施以防感冒。

10.單選題

Knowledgeisacomfortableandnecessaryretreatand_______forusinanadvancedage;andifwedonotplantitwhileyoung,itwillgiveusnoshadewhenwegrowold.

問題1選項

A.ingredient

B.reliance

C.shelter

D.inclination

【答案】C

【解析】ingredient原料,要素;reliance信賴,信心;shelter庇護,避難所,遮蓋物;inclination傾向,愛好。句意：知識是我們老年時舒適而必要的退隱之所;如果我們年輕時不準備,年老時就得不到它的庇護。選項C符合句意。

11.單選題

Congressrecognizedthemoremoneyforbettereducationandjobtrainingis（）tocompetitiveness.

問題1選項

A.adaptable

B.applicable

C.crucial

D.cryst

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項adaptable“適合的，可修改的”；B選項applicable“可應用的，合適的”；C選項crucial“重要的”；D選項cryst“結晶的”。句意：國會意識到，為改善教育和職業(yè)培訓提供更多資金對提高競爭力至關重要。本句表示“提供資金給教育和職業(yè)培訓對競爭力的作用”，經濟基礎決定上層建筑，一般都有很重要的作用，C選項crucial“重要的”符合句意。因此C選項正確。

12.單選題

Lovecan’tconquerall.So,beforecouplestietheknot,theyshouldknowwhatthey’regettinginto.Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether.

Asmuchasapersonlovesanother,heorsheneverreallyknowswhathappensbehindcloseddoorsunlessheorsheisstandingontheotherside.Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether.Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds.Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilitiesbeforesomeonerealizesheorshehasmarriedalazybum.

Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc.?

Oneofthelargestproblemsinmarriagesisthe“in”word:money.Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theylearnoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother.It’simportantforcouplestofigureoutbudgetprioritiesbeforetheyaremarried,andthisisdifficulttodounlessapersonhasbeensharingexpenseswithhisorherpartner.Ifcouplesdon’thavetheirfinancialissuesinorder,theyareboundtosurface,causingtroubleinthemarriage.

It’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher.Aspecialbondformsbetweenpeoplewhosharetheirlivingspace,theirpersonallongings,andtheirlivestogether.Somethingsyoujustdon’tknowuntilyou’velivedwithsomeone.

Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,likemosteverythingelseinthiscountry,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect.Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship.Butifarelationshipisgoingtoendit’sbetterforpeopletodiscoverthehardtruthbeforetheymarry.Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?Peoplemightwanttofindoutbeforetheymaketheseriousdecisiontomarry.

1.“Tietheknot”inthefirstlineofthefirstparagraphmeans（）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,throughlivingtogether（）.

3.Tosomepeoplelivingtogetherbeforemarringisunacceptablebecause（）.

4.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaccordingtothepassage?

5.Animportantpointtheauthormadeinthispassageis（）.

問題1選項

A.gettingacquaintedwitheachother

B.datingeachother

C.livingtogetherbeforemarriage

D.gettingmarried

問題2選項

A.acouplecanreinforcetheirlove

B.acouplecanlearnwhoisbetteratdoingthehousework

C.acouplecansavesomemoneyfortheirmarriage

D.acouplecanknoweachotherintimately

問題3選項

A.itisimmoralandinappropriate

B.itmayendarelationshipmorequickly

C.itisashametothecouple’sparents

D.itwillcausemanysocialproblems

問題4選項

A.Livingtogetherbeforemarriageisnowmoreacceptablethanbefore.

B.Littlehouseholdchorescancausetroubleinone’smarriage.

C.Loveistheguaranteeofahappymarriage.

D.Newly-wedsoftenhasmanylifeimbalancestoface.

問題5選項

A.livingtogetherbeforemarriageissignificant;everycoupleshouldtryit

B.livingtogetherbeforemarriageisachoicethatshouldberespected

C.livingtogetheristhebestwaytobridgethegapsbetweenacouple

D.livingtogetherisasymbolofthemodernformofcivilization

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:語義題。根據題干定位至第一段:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(人們對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)，由此可知tietheknot指“結婚”，因此D項正確。

第2題:判斷推理題。A:夫妻能牢固他們的愛情。第六段指出:Livingtogethercanbeapositiveexperiencethatwilllaterreinforceamarriage,butitcanalsobesomethingthatendsarelationship(同居可以是一種積極的經歷，日后會鞏固婚姻，但也可以是結束一段關系的事情)。因此A項不正確。B:夫妻可以了解誰更擅長做家務。第二段指出:Bylivingtogether,couplescansolveimbalancesinthedistributionofthoseresponsibilities...(通過同居，夫妻可以解決這些責任分配的不平衡…)，此說法并不能推斷出B項，因此B項錯誤。C:夫妻能為他們的婚姻存一些錢。第四段指出:Ifcoupleslivetogetherbeforemarriage,theyleanoneanother’ssavingandspendingstyles.Bybaringexpenses,peoplelearnnotonlyhoweachpersoncontrolsthepursestringsbuthowtodiscussfinancematterswitheachother(如果夫妻在婚前同居，他們會互相依賴對方的儲蓄和消費方式。通過削減開支，人們不僅學會了如何控制每個人的錢袋，而且學會了如何相互討論財務問題)。由此可知C項不正確。D:一對夫妻可以親密地了解彼此。根據題干關鍵詞livingtogether定位到第五段:it’salsodifficulttoknowsomeoneintimatelywithoutlivingwithhimorher(不和他或她住在一起，就很難親密地了解對方)，因此D項正確。

第3題:細節(jié)事實題。根據題干關鍵詞unacceptable定位至第二段以及第六段。第二段指出:Whilesomepeopleviewlivingtogetherbeforemarriageasimmoral,couplesareactuallyexpandingtheboundariesoftheirrelationshipbymovingintogether(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不道德的，但事實上，夫妻們正在通過同居來擴展關系)。第六段指出:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居不合適，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)。由此可知A項“不道德也不合適”正確。

第4題:判斷推理題。A:與過去相比，現在人們更能接受婚前同居了。第一段第二句指出:Thetabooagainstcoupleslivingtogetherbeforemarriageisdecreasing,andmoreandmorepeoplearesaying“Ido”afterthey’vespentmonths,orevenyears,livingtogether(對婚前同居的禁忌正在減少，越來越多的人在同居幾個月甚至幾年后說“我愿意”)。因此A項正確。B:家務瑣事會給婚姻帶來麻煩。第二段第三句指出:Forexample,thedivisionofhouseholdresponsibilitiescanbeamajorissuefornewlyweds(例如，家務責任的劃分可能是新婚夫婦的一個大事)。因此B項正確。C:愛是美滿婚姻的保證。第六段第四句指出:Eventhoughtwopeopleloveeachotherandenjoyspendingtimetogether,therealquestionis,canyoulivetogether?(即使兩個人彼此相愛，喜歡共度時光，但真正的問題是，你們能一起生活嗎？)。因此C項與原文不符且過于絕對。D:新婚夫婦經常面臨許多生活不平衡的問題。第三段指出:Thismayseemlikeasmallpoint,buthowmanywomen—andmenareouttherewhoneverthoughttheywouldbetheonlyonescooking,washingdishes,vacuuming,hopping,scrubbing,disinfecting,cleaninglaundry,dusting,etc(這似乎是一個小問題，但是有多少女人和男人從來沒有想過他們會是唯一做飯、洗碗、吸塵、忙碌、擦洗、消毒、洗衣服、除塵等的人)。因此D項正確。

第5題:觀點態(tài)度題。體現作者觀點態(tài)度的句子可參考第六段:Whilesomepeoplebelievelivingtogetherbeforemarriageisinappropriate,itisachoicethateveryoneshouldrespect(雖然有些人認為婚前同居是不合適的，但這是每個人都應該尊重的選擇)，因此B項“婚前同居是一個應該被尊重的選擇”正確。

13.單選題

Thesubjectofsafetymustbeplacedatthetopofthe___.

問題1選項

A.agenda

B.bulletin

C.routine

D.timetable

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項agenda“議程；日常工作事項；日程表”；B選項bulletin“公告，公報”；C選項routine“常規(guī)，慣例；生活乏味；（演出中的）一套動作；（計算機）例行程序”；D選項timetable“時間表；時刻表；課程表”。句意：安全問題必須放在議程的首位。結合此處語境，A選項正確。

14.單選題

Tightshoes（

）myfeet.

問題1選項

A.irritate

B.smart

C.ache

D.bruise

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞義辨析。Irritate“激怒；使興奮”，動詞；smart“聰明的”，形容詞；ache“疼痛”，名詞；bruise“擦傷”，名詞或者動詞。句意：這雙鞋子太緊了，把我的腳給擦傷了。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

ThementalhealthmovementintheUnitedStatesbeganwithaperiodofconsiderableenlightenment.DorotheaDixwasshockedtofindthementallyillinjailsandalmshousesandcrusadedfortheestablishmentofasylumsinwhichpeoplecouldreceivehumanecareinhospital-likeenvironmentsandtreatmentwhichmighthelprestorethemtosanity.Bythemid1800s,20stateshadestablishedasylums,butduringthelate1800sandearly1900s,inthefaceofeconomicdepression,legislatureswereunabletoappropriatesufficientfundsfordecentcare.Asylumsbecameovercrowdedandprison-like.Additionally,patientsweremoreresistanttotreatmentthanthepioneersinthementalhealthfieldhadanticipated,andsecurityandrestraintwereneededtoprotectpatientsandothers.Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.

TheseconditionscontinueduntilafterWorldWarII.Atthattime,newtreatmentswerediscoveredforsomemajormentalillnessestheretoforeconsidereduntreatable(penicillinforsyphilisofthebrainandinsulintreatmentforschizophreniaanddepressions),andasuccessionofbooks,motionpictures,andnewspaperexposescalledattentiontotheplightofthementallyill.ImprovementsweremadeandDr.DavidVail’sHumanePracticesProgramisabeaconfortoday.Butchangeswereslowincominguntiltheearly1960s.Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.Theprisonswerefilledwithangryyoungmenwho,encouragedbylegalsupport,werequicktodemandtheirrights.Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopulationthatwasbothpassiveandeasytochampion.Thesewere,afterall,peoplewho,unlikecriminals,haddonenothingwrong.Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjustice,whichonceexposed,wasboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.Patients’rightsgroupssuccessfullyencouragedreformbylobbyinginstatelegislatures.

Judicialinterventionhashadsomedefinitepositiveeffect,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.Thedetailsofprovidingday-to-daycaresimplycannotbemandatedbyacourt,soitistimetotakefromthecourtstheresponsibilityfordeliveryofmentalhealthcareandassuranceofpatientrightsandreturnittothestatementalhealthadministratorstowhomthemandatewasoriginallygiven.Thoughitisadifficulttask,administratorsmustundertaketowriterulesandstandardsandtoprovidethetrainingandsurveillancetoassurethattreatmentisgivenandpatientrightsarerespected.

21.Themainpurposeofthepassageisto______.

22.Theauthor’sattitudetowardpeoplewhoarepatientsinstateinstitutionscanbestbedescribedas______.

23.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethat,iftheCivilRightsmovementhadn’tpromptedaninvestigationofprisonconditions,______.

24.Thetoneofthefinalparagraphcanbestbedescribedas______.

25.Accordingtothepassage,mentalhospitalconditionswereradicallychangedbecauseof______.

問題1選項

A.provideanhistoricalperspectiveonproblemsofmentalhealthcare

B.increasepublicawarenessoftheplightofthementallyill

C.shockthereaderwithvividdescriptionsofasylums

D.describetheinventionofnewtreatmentsformentalillness

問題2選項

A.inflexibleandinsensitive

B.detachedandneutral

C.understandingandsympathetic

D.enthusiasticandsupportive

問題3選項

A.stateswouldneverhaveestablishedasylumsforthementallyill

B.newtreatmentsformajormentalillnesswouldhavelikelyremaineduntested

C.theCivilRightsmovementinAmericawouldhavebeenpoliticallyineffective

D.conditionsinmentalhospitalsmighthaveescapedjudicialscrutiny

問題4選項

A.overlyemotional

B.cleverlydeceptive

C.cautiouslyoptimistic

D.fiercelyindependent

問題5選項

A.asgroupsofyoungangrymeninthe1900s

B.activeyounglawyersinthe1960s

C.innocentinsanepatients’protest

D.powerfulcourtinterventions

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】21.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】主旨大意題。題干意思是“這篇文章的主要目的是……”。文章第一段先是用DorotheaDix的事例引出美國心理健康運動啟蒙時期的發(fā)展，然后第二段談到了二戰(zhàn)以后精神疾病新的治療方法的進步，隨后闡述了20世紀60年代以后美國精神衛(wèi)生保健發(fā)展的緩慢，以及精神病人失去了權利，最后討論到在司法的干預下，精神衛(wèi)生保健得到了一些積極的效果，但是還需要一些確保病人有良好護理的標準和審查機制。綜上所述，我們可知，整篇文章都是以歷史的角度來闡述美國的精神衛(wèi)生健康，所以A項“提供精神衛(wèi)生保健問題的歷史視角”符合題意。B項“提高公眾對精神病人困境的認識”、C項“用精神病院的生動描述使讀者震驚”和D項“描述精神疾病新療法的發(fā)明”都只是文章的一部分，屬于以偏概全。因此，該題選擇A項正確。

22.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】觀點態(tài)度題。題干意思是“作者對州醫(yī)療機構患者的態(tài)度可以用……來描述”。定位第一段最后一句Mentalinstitutionsbecamefrighteninganddepressingplacesinwhichtherightsofpatientswereallbutforgotten.（精神病院變成了令人恐懼和壓抑的地方，病人的權利幾乎被遺忘），第二段第七句Thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane,bycontrast,werepopulatedwithpeoplewhowereconsidered“crazy”andwhowereoftenkeptobedientlyintheirplacethroughtheuseofseverebodilyrestraintsandlargedosesofmajortranquilizers.（與此形成對比的是，精神病罪犯醫(yī)院里擠滿了被認為是“瘋子”的人，他們經常被嚴格地限制身體，并使用大劑量的鎮(zhèn)定劑，乖乖地待在自己的地方），以及第二段倒數第二句Andinmanystates,theywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions（在許多州，他們被關押在可怕的機構中），由frighteninganddepressing，obediently和horrendous這些詞可以看出，作者對州醫(yī)療機構的患者是同情的態(tài)度，所以C項“理解和同情”正確。A項“僵硬和麻木”、B項“超然和中立”和D項“熱情和支持”都是曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

23.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“從文章中可以推斷，如果民權運動沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄條件的調查，……”。定位到第二段第五句Atthattime,theCivilRightsMovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當時，民權運動帶領律師調查了美國的監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人比例相當高，他們跟著囚犯進入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機構：精神病罪犯醫(yī)院），這里講到了民權運動帶領律師對美國監(jiān)獄進行調查，他們進入了比監(jiān)獄還糟糕的精神病罪犯醫(yī)院，接著就講到律師所看到的精神病罪犯的狀況，然后最后一句提到Andinmanystatestheywerebeingkeptinhorrendousinstitutions,aninjusticewhich,onceexposedWesboundtoshockthepublicand,particularly,thejudicialconscience.（在許多州，他們被關押在可怕的機構中，這種不公正一旦暴露出來，勢必會震驚公眾，尤其是司法良知），綜合可推斷，民權運動沒有引發(fā)對監(jiān)獄的調查是由于精神病罪犯醫(yī)院的狀況使其逃過了司法審查，D項“精神病院的狀況可能逃脫了司法審查”符合題意。定位到第一段第三句Bythemid-1800s,2stateshadestablishedasylums（到19世紀中期，已經有兩個州建立了收容所）可知，A項“各州永遠不會為精神病患者建立收容所”表述與原文不符，屬于曲解原文。B項“主要精神疾病的新治療方法可能還沒有經過測試”和C項“美國的民權運動在政治上是無效的”沒有提到，屬于無中生有。因此，該題選擇D項正確。

24.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】主觀態(tài)度題。題干意思是“最后一段的基調可以用……來描述”。定位到最后一段首句Judicialinterventionshavehadsomedefinitepositiveeffects,butthereisgrowingawarenessthatcourtscannotprovidethestandardsandthereviewmechanismsthatassuregoodpatientcare.（司法干預確實產生了一些積極的效果，但人們越來越意識到，法院無法提供確保良好病人護理的標準和審查機制），由positive可知，這一段的態(tài)度是比較樂觀的，后面用了but轉折，可推知，最后一段基調是比較謹慎樂觀的，所以C項“謹慎樂觀”正確。A項“過于情緒化”、B項“巧妙地欺騙”和D項“完全獨立”都不符合，屬于曲解原文。因此，該題選擇C項正確。

25.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干意思是“根據這篇文章，由于……，精神病院的情況發(fā)生了根本性的變化”。定位第二段中的Atthattime,theCivilRightsmovementledlawyerstoinvestigateAmerica’sprisons,whichweredisproportionatelypopulatedbyblacks,andtheyinturnfollowedprisonersintotheonlyinstitutionsthatwereworsethantheprisons—thehospitalsforthecriminallyinsane.（當時，民權運動促使律師們調查了美國監(jiān)獄，那里的黑人人口不成比例，他們跟著囚犯進入了唯一比監(jiān)獄更糟糕的機構——精神病犯罪醫(yī)院），以及Theyoungcadreofpublicinterestlawyerslikedtheirroleinthementalhospitals.Thelawyersfoundapopu