考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)張家界學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-吉首大學(xué)張家界學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.不定項選擇題

AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.Thepanelurgeddoctorstoapplytheguidelinesinanalyzingthemassesofpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiesthatwerecollectedinthisyear’sepidemic.Muchofthatinformationhasnotbeenpublishedoranalyzed.

“Itisamatterofurgencytogetbetteranalysisandreview,”saidDr.SimonMardel,aWHOofficialwholedthetwo-daymeetingthatendedonFriday.HesaidthousandsofpotentialtherapiesandcompoundshadbeentestedsofarasresearcherstrytodeterminetreatmentsforSARS,orsevereacuterespiratorysyndrome.“WerecognizethathavingnotreatmentforSARSishinderingourabilitytocontrolanepidemicinsomanyways,”Hesaid.

Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,likedrugstofightthevirusorstrengthentheimmunesystem,aswellastraditionalChinesemedicine,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.

Standardsupportivetherapylikenursing,andinseverecasestheuseofmechanicalrespirators（呼吸器）tohelppatientsbreathe,isthemainstay（主要支持）ofSARScare,andhelpedmanypatientssurvive.ButdoctorsstilldonotknowhowbesttotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties.Dr.Mardelsaid.Onemethodisinvasiveventilation.Asecondmethodinvolvesblowingoxygenintothelungsthroughamask.Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees.Withoutproperanalysis,thepanelwasunabletosaydefinitivelywhichtreatmentworkedbest,orwhichcausedthemostharm.“Thereisalackofsharedinformation,”Dr.Mardelsaid,nothingthatalotofdatahavenotbeenpublished.

Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthatwouldallowdoctorstoconductquickandsafeclinicaltrials,aprocessthatgenerallytakesyearstocomplete.TheworldHealthOrganization,aUnitedNationsagencydidnotreleasetheguidelines.Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.Expertsinmanycountrieshavealreadylistedthetreatmentstheywanttotest,andthehealthagencyisleavingthesedecisionstoindividualnations.

1.Guidelinesrecommendedbythescientificpanelcanbeusedfor（

）.

2.Accordingtothepassage,itisdifficulttointerprettheresultsofcertaintreatmentsforSARSbecause（

）.

3.Accordingtodoctors,thetwomethodstotreatSARSpatientswhohavebreathingdifficultiesboth（

）.

4.AccordingtoaWHOofficial,Dr.Mardel,theguidelineswereflexiblebecause（

）.

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.gatheringpotentiallyusefulinformationaboutvarioustherapiescollected

B.conductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients

C.determiningtreatmentforSARS

D.publishingalltheinformationaboutSARS

問題2選項

A.patientswereindifferentcountries

B.patientsweregivenmedicinesinwidelydifferentsettings

C.patientswereatdifferentstagesoftheillness

D.theseconditionshadnostandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations

問題3選項

A.carrytheriskofinfectinghospitalemployees

B.areeffectiveincuringpatientswhohavebreathingdifficulties

C.don’truntheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees

D.provetoworkeffectivelyandcausenoharm.

問題4選項

A.SARSwouldreemergeinpoorcountries

B.nooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn

C.SARSwouldnotappearindevelopedcountries

D.nooneknewwhetherSARSwouldreturnornot

問題5選項

A.SARS,aDreadfulDisease

B.NoGoodMethodstoTreatSARS

C.SARSWillReturnOneDay

D.HealthpanelRecommendsNewGuidelinesonSARS

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：科學(xué)小組推薦的指南可以用于……。A選項“收集關(guān)于各種治療方法的潛在有用信息”；B選項“對SARS患者進行臨床研究”；C選項“確定SARS的治療方法”；D選項“發(fā)布有關(guān)SARS的所有信息”。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第一段第一句AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelinesonFridayfordoctorconductingclinicalstudiesofSARSpatients.（上周五，世界衛(wèi)生組織（WHO）召集的一個科學(xué)小組向醫(yī)生推薦了對SARS患者進行臨床研究的指導(dǎo)方針。）由此可知選項B符合題意。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章，解釋SARS的某些治療結(jié)果是很難的，因為……。A選項“病人在不同的國家”；B選項“患者在不同的環(huán)境下服用藥物”；C選項“患者處于不同的疾病階段”；D選項“這些條件沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測量或控制情況”。根據(jù)題干定位到第三段第二句話Intheepidemicearlierthisyear,varioustreatments,…,weredeliveredunderemergencyconditions,inwidelydifferentsettingandcountriestopatientssufferingfromvaryingstagesoftheillness.Thoseconditions—generallywithoutstandardizedmeasurementsorcontrolledsituations—havemadeithardtointerpretresults.（在今年早些時候的疫情中，在不同的環(huán)境和國家，在緊急情況下，為不同階段的患者提供……各種治療。這些情況——通常沒有標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化的測量或控制的情況——使得解釋結(jié)果變得困難），由此答案選D，其他選項是來描述在什么情況下患者接受了什么樣的治療，不是結(jié)果難以解釋的原因。

第3題:事實細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)醫(yī)生所說，兩種導(dǎo)致病人有呼吸困難的治療SARS的方法都……。A選項“有感染醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險”；B選項“對有呼吸困難的病人有效”；C選項“不要冒將病毒傳染給醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險”；D選項“證明有效，沒有造成傷害”。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段倒數(shù)第三句Bothcarrytheriskoftransmittingthevirustohospitalemployees（兩者都有將病毒傳播給醫(yī)院員工的風(fēng)險），因此答案選A。

第4題:【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。題干：根據(jù)世衛(wèi)組織官員馬戴爾博士所說，這份指導(dǎo)方針很靈活因為……。A選項“SARS將在貧窮國家重新出現(xiàn)”；B選項“沒有人知道非典會在什么地方、什么時候、在什么情況下卷土重來”；C選項“非典不會出現(xiàn)在發(fā)達國家”；D選項“沒有人知道非典是否會卷土重來”。根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞定位到最后一段第三句話Dr.Mardelsaidtheywereflexiblebecausenooneknewwhere,whenandinwhatsettingSARSwouldreturn.（馬戴爾博士說，他們是靈活的，因為沒人知道非典會在什么時候、在什么地方卷土重來。），所以答案選B。

第5題:主旨大意題。A選項“SARS，一個可怕的病毒”；B選項“治療SARS沒有好的方法”；C選項“SARS總有一天會卷土重來”；D選項“健康小組推薦新的SARS指南”根據(jù)第一段第一句話和最后一段第一句話AscientificpanelconvenedbytheWorldHealthOrganizationrecommendedguidelineson…（由世界衛(wèi)生組織召集的一個科學(xué)小組建議的指導(dǎo)方針……）和Thepanelalsoagreedonguidelinesthat…（該小組還贊同指導(dǎo)方針……）可知全文圍繞的主題是指導(dǎo)方針，而不是如何治療SARS，所以答案選D。

2.單選題

Itiscrucialthatabroadsetofpeople-notjusttechnologistsorthosewhohappentobeinthecomputerindustry（）inthedebateabouthowthistechnologyshouldbeshaped.

問題1選項

A.compensate

B.saturate

C.motivate

D.participate

【答案】D

【解析】考查固定搭配。compensate“賠償，補償”；saturate“浸透，使?jié)裢浮保籱otivate“刺激，使有動機”；participatein“參加”。句意：重要的是要有一大群人而不僅僅技術(shù)員或那些碰巧在計算機領(lǐng)域工作的人參與到這項技術(shù)該如何發(fā)展的討論中來。D項能與介詞in搭配，且符合句意。

3.案例題

Attheheartofthedebateoverillegalimmigrationliesonekeyquestion:areimmigrantsgoodorbadfortheeconomy?TheAmericanpublicoverwhelminglythinksthey'rebad.Yettheconsensusamongmosteconomistsisthatimmigration,bothlegalandillegal,providesasmallnetboosttotheeconomy.Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.Sowhyistheresuchadiscrepancybetweentheperceptionofimmigrants'impactontheeconomyandthereality?

Thereareanumberoffamiliartheories.Somearguethatpeopleareanxiousandfeelthreatenedbyaninflowofnewworkers.Othershighlightthestrainthatundocumentedimmigrantsplaceonpublicservices,likeschools,hospitals,andjails.Stillothersemphasizetheroleofrace,arguingthatforeignersaddtothenation'sfearsandinsecurities.There'ssometruthtoalltheseexplanations,buttheyaren'tquitesufficient.

Togetabetterunderstandingofwhat'sgoingon,considerthewayimmigration'simpactisfelt.Thoughitsoveralleffectmaybepositive,itscostsandbenefitsaredistributedunevenly.DavidCard,aneconomistatUCBerkeley,notesthattheoneswhoprofitmostdirectlyfromimmigrants'low-costlaborarebusinessesandemployers-meatpackingplantsinNebraska,forinstance,oragriculturalbusinessesinCalifornia.Granted,theseproducers'savingsprobablytranslateintolowerpricesatthegrocerystore,buthowmanyconsumersmakethatmentalconnectionatthecheckoutcounter?Asforthedrawbacksofillegalimmigration,these,too,areconcentrated.Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromthecompetitionofforeignlabor.AccordingtoastudybyGeorgeBorjas,aHarvardeconomist,immigrationreducedthewagesofAmericanhigh-schooldropoutsby9%between1980-2000.Amonghigh-skilled,better-educatedemployees,however,oppositionwasstrongestinstateswithbothhighnumbersofimmigrantsandrelativelygeneroussocialservices.Whatworriedthemmost,inotherwords,wasthefiscal(財政的)burdenofimmigration.Thatconclusionwasreinforcedbyanotherfinding:thattheiroppositionappearedtosoftenwhenthatfiscalburdendecreased,asoccurredwithwelfarereforminthe1990s,whichcurbedimmigrants'accesstocertainbenefits.

Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.Evenforthosemostacutelyaffected-say,low-skilledworkers,orCaliforniaresidents-theimpactisn'tallthatdramatic."Theunpleasantvoiceshavetendedtodominateourperceptions,"saysDanielTichenor,apoliticalscienceprofessorattheUniversityofOregon."Butwhenallthosefactorsareputtogetherandtheeconomistscalculatethenumbers,itendsupbeinganetpositive,butasmallone."Toobadmostpeopledon'trealizeit.

1.Whatcanwelearnfromthefirstparagraph?

A.Whetherimmigrantsaregoodorbadfortheeconomyhasbeenpuzzlingeconomists.

B.TheAmericaneconomyusedtothriveonimmigrationbutnowit'sadifferentstory.

C.Theconsensusamongeconomistsisthatimmigrationshouldnotbeencouraged.

D.Thegeneralpublicthinksdifferentlyfrommosteconomistsontheimpactofimmigration.

2.InwhatwaydoestheauthorthinkordinaryAmericansbenefitfromimmigration?

A.Theycanaccessallkindsofpublicservices.

B.Theycangetconsumergoodsatlowerprices.

C.Theycanmixwithpeopleofdifferentcultures.

D.Theycanavoiddoingmuchofthemanuallabor.

3.Whydonativelow-skilledworkerssuffermostfromillegalimmigration?

A.Theyhavegreaterdifficultygettingwelfaresupport.

B.Theyaremorelikelytoencounterinterracialconflicts.

C.Theyhaveahardertimegettingajobwithdecentpay.

D.Theyarenomatchforillegalimmigrantsinlaborskills.

4.Whatisthechiefconcernofnativehigh-skilled,better-educatedemployeesabouttheinflowofimmigrants?

A.Itmaychangetheexistingsocialstructure.

B.Itmayposeathreattotheireconomicstatus.

C.Itmayleadtosocialinstabilityinthecountry.

D.Itmayplaceagreatstrainonthestatebudget.

5.Whatistheironyaboutthedebateoverimmigration?

A.Eveneconomistscan'treachaconsensusaboutitsimpact.

B.Thosewhoareopposedtoitturnouttobenefitmostfromit.

C.Peoplearemakingtoobigafussaboutsomethingofsmallimpact.

D.Thereisnoessentialdifferencebetweenseeminglyoppositeopinions.

【答案】1.D

2.B

3.C

4.D

5.C

【解析】1.根據(jù)第一段的內(nèi)容可以看出，美國民眾和經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們對移民影響的看法不同。選項D正確。選項A，科學(xué)家們已經(jīng)給出了自己的看法，不存在困擾一說；選項B美國經(jīng)濟過去因移民而得以繁榮，在第一段并沒有提及；選項C經(jīng)濟學(xué)家們認為應(yīng)該鼓勵移民，在第一段中也沒有信息提及。

2.根據(jù)第一段的倒數(shù)第二句“Immigrantsprovidecheaplabor,lowerthepricesofeverythingfromfarmproducetonewhomes,andleaveconsumerswithalittlemoremoneyintheirpockets.”可知，選項B符合原文。

3.根據(jù)第三段“Nativelow-skilledworkerssuffermost...reducedthewages...by9%.”所以當(dāng)?shù)氐图寄芄と耸芤泼裼绊懽畲蟮脑蚴撬麄兒茈y找到一份收入體面的工作。

4.

根據(jù)第三段“Amonghigh-skilled...wasthefiscalburdenofimmigration.”他們最擔(dān)心的是移民帶來的財政負擔(dān)。選項D符合原文。

5.

根據(jù)最后一段的第一句“Theironyisthatforalltheoverexciteddebate,theneteffectofimmigrationisminimal.”具有諷刺意味的是，外界所有過度興奮的辯論，對移民的影響卻微乎其微。選項C人們對某些影響很小的事情其實有些小題大做了，符合原文。

4.單選題

Whenwespeakofprogressinconnectionwithourindividualendeavorsoranyorganizedhumaneffort,wemeananadvancetowardaknowngoal.Itisnotinthissensethatsocialevolutioncanbecalledprogress,foritisnotachievedbyhumanreasonstrivingbyknownmeanstowardafixedaim.Itwouldbemorecorrecttothinkofprogressasaprocessofformationandmodificationofthehumanintellect,aprocessofadaptationandlearninginwhichnotonlythepossibilitiesknowntousbutalsoourvaluesanddesirescontinuallychange.Asprogressconsistsinthediscoveryofthenotyetknown,itsconsequencesmustbeunpredictable.Italwaysleadsintotheunknown,andthemostwecanexpectistogainanunderstandingofthekindofforcesthatbringitabout.Yet,thoughsuchageneralunderstandingofthecharacterofthisprocessofcumulativegrowthisindispensableifwearetotrytocreateconditionsfavorabletoit,itcanneverbeknowledgewhichwillenableustomakespecificpredictions.Theclaimthatwecanderivefromsuchinsightnecessarylawsofevolutionthatwemustfollowisanabsurdity.Humanreasoncanneitherpredictnordeliberatelyshapeitsownfuture.Itsadvancesconsistinfindingoutwhereithasbeenwrong.

Eveninthefieldwheresearchfornewknowledgeismostdeliberate,i,e,inscience,nomancanpredictwhatwillbetheconsequencesofhiswork.Infact,thereisincreasingrecognitionthateventheattempttomakesciencedeliberatelyaimatusefulknowledge—thatis,atknowledgewhosefutureusescanbeforeseen—islikelytoimpedeprogress.Progressbyitsverynaturecannotbeplanned.Wemayperhapslegitimatelyspeakofplanningprogressinaparticularfieldwhereweaimatthesolutionofaspecificproblemandarealreadyonthetrackoftheanswer.Butweshouldsoonbeattheendofourendeavorsifweweretoconfineourselvestostrivingforgoalsnowvisibleandifnewproblemsdidnotspringupallthetime.Itisknowingwhatwehavenotknownbeforethatmakesuswiserman.

Butoftenitalsomakesussaddermen.Thoughprogressconsistsinpartinachievingthingswehavebeenstrivingfor,thisdoesnotmeanthatweshalllikeallitsresultsorthatallwillbegainers.Andsinceourwishesandaimsarealsosubjecttochangeinthecourseorprocess,itisquestionablewhetherthestatementhasaclearmeaningthatthenewstateofaffairsthatprogresscreatesisabetterone.Progressinthesenseofthecumulativegrowthofknowledgeandpowerovernatureisatermthatsayslittleaboutwhetherthenewstatewillgiveusmoresatisfactionthantheold.Thepleasuremaybesolelyinachievingwhatwehavebeenstrivingfor,andtheassuredpossessionmaygiveuslittlesatisfaction.Thequestionwhether,ifwehadtostopatourpresentstageofdevelopment,wewouldinanysignificantsensebebetterofforhappierthatifwehadstoppedahundredorathousandyearsagoisprobablyunanswerable.

Theanswer,however,doesnotmatter.Whatmattersisthesuccessfulstrivingforwhatateachmomentseemsattainable.Itisnotthefruitsofpastsuccessbutthelivinginandforthefutureinwhichhumanintelligenceprovesitself.Progressismovementformovement’ssake,foritisinthe

processoflearning,andintheeffectsofhavinglearnedsomethingnew,thatmanenjoysthegiftofhisintelligence.

1.Whichofthefollowingstatementsdoesthepassagemoststronglysupport?

2.Progress,intheviewofthewriter（

）,

3.Whenconsideringthesearchforknowledge,（

）.

4.Progress,accordingtothisargument,（

）.

5.Theauthorsuggeststhat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Scientificprogresswillbenefitmankindimmeasurably.

B.Scientificresearchfrequentlyachievesitsintendedgoals.

C.Progressmayormaynotleadtoabetterworld.

D.Progressdefinedbyainfinitetrajectoryleadstowisdom

問題2選項

A.involvesthedevelopmentofthehumanintellect

B.iscloselyrelatedtosocialdevelopmentandevolution

C.isattheexpenseoftraditionandmoralvalues

D.alwaysremunerateseveryonerelativelyequally

問題3選項

A.weshouldaimatsolvingspecificproblems

B.weshouldproduceusefulresults

C.webecomewiserbecauseweaccumulateabroadrangeofknowledge

D.sciencefindssolutionsforexistingproblemsanduncoversnewproblems

問題4選項

A.unquestionablyleadstoamorepleasurableexistence

B.facilitatesprosperityandpersonalsatisfaction

C.involvestheachievementofmeasurablegoals

D.isaninevitablemovementforward

問題5選項

A.pastachievementsarelessimportantthanfutureaspirations

B.history’ssuccessesdemonstratechangeinknowledge

C.strivingwithoutachievinggoalsiswastedeffort

D.movementformovement’ssakeispointless

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實。第一段指出:Asprogressconsistsinthediscoveryofthenotyetknown,itsconsequencesmustbeunpredictable(對于進步在于發(fā)現(xiàn)未知事物，其后果必然是不可預(yù)測的),故選C。

2.細節(jié)事實。第一段第四行:Itwouldbemorecorrecttothinkofprogressasaprocessofformationandmodificationofthehumanintellect,(把進步看作是人類智力的形成和改變的過程，這更為準(zhǔn)確)。故選A:作者認為進步是人類智力的發(fā)展。

3.判斷推理。從第二段倒數(shù)第三行:Butweshouldsoonbeattheendofourendeavorsifweweretoconfineourselvestostrivingforgoalsnowvisibleandifnewproblemsdidnotspringupallthetime(如果我們把自己局限于為現(xiàn)在可見的目標(biāo)而奮斗，如果新的問題不是一直出現(xiàn)的話，我們的努力很快就會結(jié)束)，可推測出該答案。

4.歸納推理。文章中第三段第三行:Andsinceourwishesandaimsarealsosubjecttochangeinthecourseorprocess,itisquestionablewhetherthestatementhasaclearmeaningthatthenewstateofaffairsthatprogresscreatesisabetterone(既然我們的愿望和目標(biāo)在過程或過程中也會發(fā)生變化，那么這一聲明是否有明確的定義，即進步所創(chuàng)造的新形勢是一種更好的狀態(tài)，這一點是值得懷疑的)。

5.細節(jié)事實。最后一段:Whatmattersisthesuccessfulstrivingforwhatateachmomentseemsattainable(重要的是成功地爭取每一個時刻都能達到的目標(biāo))。故選A:過去的成就不如未來的抱負重要。

5.單選題

Square-jawed,withapastycomplexionandanathleticbutnotoverlybulked-upbuild,helookslikeamanmeanttohaveawhistlearoundhisneck.

問題1選項

A.sallow

B.vivid

C.pale

D.blushing

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項sallow“氣色不好的；灰黃色的”；B選項vivid“生動的；鮮明的；鮮艷的”；C選項pale“蒼白的；無力的；暗淡的”；D選項blushing“鮮紅的；臉紅的”。句意：他長著方下巴，臉色蒼白，體格健壯但不太結(jié)實，看起來就像脖子上掛著個口哨的人。pasty“蒼白的；面糊似的”，C選項與該詞意思最相近，因此C選項正確。

6.單選題

At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury.Bornwithanextremelyrareandusuallyfataldisorderthatleftherwithoutafunctioningimmunesystem(the“bubble-boydisease”,namedafteranearliervictimwhowaskeptaliveforrearsinasterileplastictent)，shewastreatedbeginningin1990witharevolutionarynewtherapythatsoughttocorrectthedefectatitsverysource,inthegenesofherwhitebloodcells.Itworked.Althoughherlastgene-therapytreatmentwasin1992,sheiscompletelyhealthywithnormalimmunefunction,accordingtooneofthedoctorswhotreatedher,W.FrenchAndersonoftheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore.“Therewillbeagene-basedtreatmentforessentiallyeverydisease,”Andersonsays,“within50years.”

It’snotentirelyclearwhymedicinehasbeensoslowtobuildonAnderson’searlysuccess.TheNationalInstitutesofHealthbudgetofficeestimatesitwillspend$432millionongene-therapyresearchin2005,andthereisnoshortageofpromisingleads.Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease.“ThevirusissortoflikeaTrojanhouse.”saysRonaldCrystalofNewYorkPresbyterian/WeillCornellMedicalCollege.“Thecarnageisthegene.”

AttheUniversityofPennsylvania’sAbramsonCancerCenterCarlJunerecentlytreatedHIVpatientswithageneintendedtohelptheircellsresisttheinfection.AtCornellUniversity,researchersarepursuinggene-basedtherapiesforParkinson’sdiseaseandararehereditarydisorderthatdestroyschildren’sbraincells.AtStanfordUniversityandtheChildren’sHospitalofPhiladelphia,researchersaretryingtofigureouthowtohelppatientswithhemophiliawhotodaymustinjectthemselveswithexpensivedottingdragsforlife.Animalexperimentshaveshowngreatpromise.

Butsomehow,thingsgetlostinthetranslationfromlaboratorytohumantrialsofthehemophiliatreatment,patientsshowaresponseatfirst,butitfadesovertime.Andthefieldhasstillnotrecoveredfromthesetbackitsufferedin1999,whenJesseGelsinger,an18-year-oldwithararemetabolicdisorder,diedafterreceivinganexperimentalgenetherapyattheUniversityofPennsylvania.Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge.ThissummerresearchersattheSalkInstituteinSanDiegosaidtheyhadcreateda“marathonmouse”byimplantingagenethatenhancesrunningability;already,officialsattheWorldAnti-DopingAgencyarepreparingtotestathletesforsignsof“genedoping”.Buttheprincipleisthesame,whetheryou’retryingtohelpahealthyrunnerrunfasterorallowamuscular-dystrophypatienttowalk.“Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea/’saysCrystal,“Andeventuallyit’sgoingtowork”.

1.ThecaseofAshanthiDesilvaismentionedinthetextto（

）.

2.Anderson’searlysuccesshas（

）.

3.Whichofthefollowingistrueaccordingtothetext?

4.Theword“tarnish”(line5,paragraph4)mostprobablymeans（

）.

5.Fromthetextwecanseethattheauthorseems（

）.

問題1選項

A.showthepromiseofgene-therapy

B.giveanexampleofmodemtreatment,forfataldiseases

C.introducetheachievementofAndersonandhisteam

D.explainhowgene-basetreatmentworks

問題2選項

A.greatlyspeededthedevelopmentofmedicine

B.broughtnoimmediateprogressintheresearchofgene-therapy

C.promisedacuretoeverydisease

D.madehimanationalhero

問題3選項

A.Ashanthineedstoreceivegene-therapytreatmentconstantly.

B.Despitethehugefunding,generesearcheshaveshownfewpromises.

C.Therapeuticgenesarecarriedbyharmlessviruses.

D.Gene-dopingisencouragedbyworldagenciestohelpathletesgetbetter.

問題4選項

A.affect

B.warm

C.troubled

D.stain

問題5選項

A.optimistic

B.pessimistic

C.troubled

D.uncertain

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。文章第一段開頭提到來自克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的18歲的AshanthiDeSilva是20世紀(jì)偉大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury），接著提到她1992年接受了最后一次基因療法，并且徹底痊愈，由此可知選項A“展示基因療法的前景”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。文章第一段倒數(shù)第二、三句話提到研究人員一直夢想用正?；蛱鎿Q突變基因來治療從血友病到癌癥等各種疾病。這個夢想可能還會持續(xù)幾十年（Researchershavelongdreamedoftreatingdiseasesfromhemophiliatocancerbyreplacingmutantgeneswithnormalones.Andthedreamingmaycontinuefordecadesmore），由此可知這個方法并不能在短期內(nèi)有成效，因此選項B符合題意。

3.細節(jié)事實題。文章第二段提到治療基因通常通過不會引起人類疾病的病毒傳遞（Thetherapeuticgenesareusuallydeliveredthroughvirusesthatdon’tcausehumandisease），由此可知選項C“治療基因由無害病毒攜帶”符合題意。

4.詞義題。文章最后一段提到一些專家擔(dān)心這個領(lǐng)域?qū)M一步被……如果下一個受益的人不是病人而是尋求優(yōu)勢的運動員（Someexpertsworrythatthefieldwillbetarnishedfurtherifthenextpeopletobenefitarenotpatientsbutathletesseekinganedge），根據(jù)上下文可知基因療法這個領(lǐng)域本意是為了治療各種疾病而出現(xiàn)，而如果用來幫助運動員而不是病人，這個方法就失去了原本的價值，因此可以推測出動詞tarnish的意思是“使失去光澤；玷污”，因此選項D符合題意。

5.觀點態(tài)度題。文章第一段開頭提到來自克利夫蘭郊區(qū)的18歲的AshanthiDeSilva是20世紀(jì)偉大智力成就之一的活生生的例子（At18,AshanthiDeSilvaofsuburbanClevelandisalivingsymbolofoneofthegreatintellectualachievementsofthe20thcentury）；文章最后一段提到每個人都認為基因療法是一個好主意（Everybodyrecognizesthatgenetherapyisaverygoodidea），由此可知作者是抱著樂觀的態(tài)度，選項A符合題意。

7.單選題

Manyofthelocalresidentslefthomesto（

）thedangerofflooding.

問題1選項

A.encounter

B.enclose

C.shakeoff

D.wardoff

【答案】D

【解析】考查動詞辨析。A選項encounter“遭遇，遇到”；B選項enclose“圍住，隨函(或包裹等)附上”；C選項shakeoff“甩掉，擺脫”；D選項wardoff“避開，躲開，防止（危險、疾病等）”。由目的狀語“to_____thedangerofflooding（為了_____洪水的危險）”可知D選項符合邏輯搭配。句意：許多當(dāng)?shù)鼐用耠x開家，以避開洪水的危險。

8.單選題

Ihavenoideaoffashion,somychoiceofclothesseemsquitearbitrary.

問題1選項

A.assertive

B.decisive

C.optional

D.tasteful

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。A選項assertive“肯定的”；B選項decisive“決定性的”；C選項optional“隨意的”；D選項tasteful“有品位的”。句意：我對時尚一竅不通，所以我對衣服的選擇似乎很隨意。劃線部分arbitrary是隨意的意思。因此C選項正確。

9.單選題

VeryfewcountriestrulysupportUSmilitary___againstIraq.

問題1選項

A.acts

B.actions

C.behavior

D.deed

【答案】B

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。A選項acts“行為（具體、簡單、短時）；假裝；某種行為（或常規(guī)等）；法令；判決書；會議記錄；（戲劇等的）幕；表演；演出團體”；B選項actions“行動（抽象、復(fù)雜、持續(xù)）；活動；功能；戰(zhàn)斗；情節(jié)；（非正式）精彩活動”；C選項behavior“行為；舉止（某人的行為方式，尤指對他人的行為方式）；態(tài)度；反應(yīng)”；D選項deed“行動（智慧與力量達到一定境界而產(chǎn)生的行為，常指輝煌與成就）；功績；證書；[法]契據(jù)”。句意：很少有國家真正支持美國對伊拉克的軍事___。本句表達“伊拉克的軍事行動（是復(fù)雜、持續(xù)的行動）”，因此B選項正確。

10.單選題

Inallheractions,herreverenceforherhusbandwastheonethingthatstoodout.

問題1選項

A.respect

B.control

C.passion

D.supervision

【答案】A

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.respect尊敬，敬意B.control管理，管制

C.passion強烈情感，激情D.supervision監(jiān)督

【答案】A

【考查點】名詞辨析。

【解題思路】reverence的意思為“尊敬，崇敬”，指的是她非常尊重她的丈夫，respect與之詞義相近，因此A選項正確。

【干擾項排除】B、C、D選項詞義與之不符。

【句意】在她的所有行為中，她對丈夫的尊敬是最明顯的。

11.單選題

Icouldn’tworkoutwhyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring.

問題1選項

A.drawup

B.bringabout

C.putforward

D.figureout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。workout“算出；實現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；理解；鍛煉”；A選項drawup“起草；使靠近”；B選項bringabout“引起；帶來”；C選項putforward“提出；拿出”；D選項figureout“解決；想出；理解；斷定”。句意：我搞不懂為什么會有人發(fā)明這么無聊的東西。根據(jù)句中“whyanyonewouldinventsomethingsoboring為何有人發(fā)明如此無聊的一些東西”可知workout在這里的意思應(yīng)為“理解”，因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Thecriticismfromthepublichas（

）thisnovel.

問題1選項

A.eclipsed

B.avenged

C.baffled

D.broadened

【答案】A

【解析】動詞辨析。句意：公眾的批評使這部小說黯然失色。故選A。

13.翻譯題

道別是一種社交禮儀，它象征一次活動的終結(jié)。

在英國、美國和其他許多西方國家，告別具有特定的程式化常見表達模式。這些表達模式依不同的時間、地點、參加人和文化而變化。一般來說，客人應(yīng)該先向主人告別。參加同一活動的兩位賓客應(yīng)該誰先告別并沒有特定要求。有意思的是，在西方國家，客人提出辭呈后不會馬上離去，而是會再多待上10到15分鐘再離開。出于禮貌，客人要反復(fù)告辭兩三次以表示自己確實不愿意離去。主人送客時會在門口與客人道別。更重要的是，客人要對主人的招待表示感謝，主人則要表示再次相聚的愿望。

在中國，送別客人所花費的時間要多得多。事實上，許多好客的主人會堅持把客人送出居民區(qū)，一直送到停車場或公共汽車站。而客人則要再三勸主人不必如此客氣，而他們的努力自然是不會奏效的，因為雙方的做法都是在遵循傳統(tǒng)的禮儀規(guī)范。事實上，主人要等到客人上車，再也看不見了才可以離開。在新疆，多數(shù)當(dāng)?shù)厣贁?shù)民族居民認為客人在門口道別離開后還要轉(zhuǎn)身再次向主人表示感謝和祝福。

鞠躬在日本是一種非常重要的習(xí)俗。日本人總是不停地鞠躬。最普遍的現(xiàn)象是他們在彼此問候及道別時以鞠躬代替握手。不論誰向你鞠躬，不回禮是無禮的表現(xiàn)。身體接觸會令日本人不自在。但是，他們已經(jīng)習(xí)慣與西方人握手了。

鞠躬看似簡單，但方式是有區(qū)別的。這取決于你鞠躬致意的對象的社會地位和年齡。如果對方比你的地位高或年紀(jì)比你大，鞠躬角度應(yīng)該更大，時間更長。此時彎腰鞠躬是禮貌的做法。男子通常將雙手垂在身側(cè)，女子則將雙手疊放在大腿上，手指相觸。如果是在非正式場合，類似于點頭的鞠躬就可以了。最常見的形式是15度的鞠躬。你或許會覺得這種做法很怪異，但在日本還是試著要鞠躬。別人會認為你十分有禮貌！

【答案】Goodbyesaresocialritualsthatsignaltheendofanevent.

IntheUnitedKingdom,theUnitedStates,andmanyotherwesterncountries,leavingcommonpatternsofexpressionwithspecificformulae.Theserepresentationpatternsvarybytime,place,participant,andculture.Generallyspeaking,guestsshouldsaygoodbyetotheirhostfirst.Thereisnospecificrequestastowhichofthetwoguestsatthesameeventshouldsaygoodbyefirst.Interestingly,inwesterncountries,guestswhosubmittheirresignationsdonotleaveimmediately,butstayforanother10to15minutes.Outofpoliteness,guestshavetosaygoodbyetwoorthreetimestoshowthattheyreallydon’twanttoleave.Thehostwillsaygoodbyetotheguestsatthedoorwhenheseesthemoff.What’smore,theguestshouldexpresshisgratitudeforthehost’shospitality,andthehostshouldexpresshisdesiretogettogetheragain.

Seeingoffgueststakesmuchlonge