考研考博-英語-共青科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-共青科技職業(yè)學院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共100題)1.單選題

Thepriestmadetheofthe（

）crosswhenheenteredthechurch.

問題1選項

A.mark

B.signal

C.sign

D.gesture

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。句意:牧師進入教堂之前比劃了一個十字。

Signofthecross為固定搭配，意為“十字架”,mark標記,記號;signal信號;gesture手勢,makeagesture做手勢；擺...姿態(tài),但是通常不和thecross連用。故選C。

2.單選題

TheforeignstudentinChinais（

）withagooddealofChineseculture.

問題1選項

A.scattered

B.overflowed

C.permeated

D.manipulated

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析題。A選項scattered“分散的，散亂的”；B選項overflowed“溢出的”；C選項permeated“滲透，彌漫”，bepermeatedwith洋溢著；D選項manipulated“操作”。句意：在中國的外國學生洋溢著大量的中國文化氣息。選項C更符合語境。

3.翻譯題

Directions:ReadthefollowingpassagecarefullyandthentranslatetheunderlinedsentencesintoChineseontheANSWERSHEET.

Twoyearsago,theUnitedNationswarnedthatadiseasecalled“Panamacoulddestroy”muchoftheworldsbananacrop.Sincethen,thingshavenotgottenbetter.AnewoutbreakwasdiscoveredlastyearinAustralia.ThediseasestartedinAsiainthe1990s,andlaterspreadtoAfricaandtheMiddleEast.

WorldhealthofficialsworrythediseasecouldtraveltoLatinAmerica,oneofthetopbananaproducersintheworld.

(41)ThePanamadiseaseisabigconcernbecausebananasareanimportantsourceofincomeandnutrientsformillionsofpeople.Theyaregrownin135tropicalnations.TheUnitedNationslistsbananasasoneofthemostimportantfoods,alongwithrice,wheatandcorn.Bananasalsocontainachemicalwhichitsaysmakespeoplefeelhappy.

RandyPloetz,aprofessorattheUniversityofFlorida,isconsideredbymanyasAmerica’stopbananaexpert,or,“topbanana.”AsheexplainedPanamadiseaseaffectstheCavendishbanana,whichisthemostpopularamongmorethan500kindsofbananas.

“Theindustryiswakinguptotheproblem,”PloetzsaidThursdaybytelephonefromMiami,Florida,wherehewasattendingtheInternationalBananaCongress.

ThemeetingwassupposedtotakeplaceinCostaRica,butwasmovedatthelastminute.TherewereconcernsbananagrowerscouldspreadPanamadiseasefromdirtcollectedontheirshoes.Ploetzsaid.

(42)Ploetz(普羅慈)saidifthediseasespreadstoLatinAmerica,itcouldhurttheworld’seconomyalongwithfoodsuppliesformillionsofpeople.Still,hesaidthereisreasonforhope.ScientistsinAustraliaareworkingonageneticallyengineeredbananathatmightnotbeatriskofgettingPanamadisease.Buthewonderedifpeoplearereadytoacceptgeneticallyengineeredbananas.

RobertBertramischiefscientistfortheU.S.AgencyforInternationalDevelopment(USAID).Hesaidbananasareimportanttomanymillionsofpeopleallovertheworld.“InAfrica,AsiaandtropicalAmerica,bananasareanimportantfoodsourceformorethan100millionpeople,hetoldVOA.”Asacashcrop,bananasaresoldinlocal,regionalandinternationalmarkets,”Bertramsaid.Bananaexportsprovidejobsandforeignmoneythatproducingcountriesneed,hesaid.

BertramsaidUSAIDisorganizingaworldwideefforttoresistPanamadisease.Afungus,knownasTR4,causesthePanamadisease.Before2013Bertramsaid,itwaslimitedtoAsia.Sincethen,itspreadtotheMiddleEastandtoAfrica.Inthe1960s,thesamefunguswipedouttheGrosMichel,bananacrop,whichatthetimewastheworld’smostpopular.TheCavendishreplacedit.

(43)AtWageningen(瓦赫寧根)UniversityintheNetherlands,researchersarelookingforCavendish(卡文迪什)replacements.Theirworkisdifficult.ResearcherssaidthereplacementswillhavetoresistPanamadisease,andsurvivetheshippingtimeneededtogetbananastostoresthousandsofmilesawayfrombananafields.Andtheywillhavetotastegood.

【答案】41.【參考譯文】

香蕉作為一項重大收入來源，同時又是數(shù)百萬人的營養(yǎng)供給源，因此巴拿馬病毒成為當前的一個大問題。全球盛產(chǎn)香蕉的國家有135個。聯(lián)合國將香蕉，水稻，小麥和玉米列為最重要的作物。香蕉還富含一種能使人感到愉悅的化學物質(zhì)。

42.【參考譯文】

普羅慈說如果疾病擴散至拉丁美洲，它將威脅到世界經(jīng)濟以及數(shù)百萬人的食品供應。他說，目前仍有挽救的余地。澳大利亞科學家們正研究可抵御巴拿馬疾病的轉基因香蕉，但是普羅慈認為人們是否能接受轉基因香蕉仍然是一個問題。

43.【參考譯文】

荷蘭瓦赫寧根大學的研究人員正在尋找取代卡文迪什香蕉的新品種，這是一項艱巨的工作。研究人員表示，新品種香蕉需抵抗巴拿馬疾病并能經(jīng)得起長時間運輸。因為香蕉需運輸?shù)綆浊Ч锿獾氖袌?。當然，得嘗起來美味。

4.單選題

Asmarketersincreasetheircommunicationthroughbothprintandelectronicchannels,theopportunityfor_______isgrowingrapidly.

問題1選項

A.fraud

B.jargon

C.pledge

D.motivation

【答案】A

【解析】fraud欺詐,騙子;jargon行話;pledge保證,許諾,抵押;motivation動機。句意：當營銷人員通過印刷和電子渠道加強溝通的時候，也為欺詐行為提供了快速增長的機會。選項A符合句意。

5.單選題

Hesettheengineofthecar（

）.

問題1選項

A.going

B.go

C.togoing

D.ongoing

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。setsth.doing表示“使……開始”；settodo表示“動手干（認真開始干，爭論，拳賽，毆斗）”。此處表示使車的引擎發(fā)動，因此選A。句意：他發(fā)動了汽車的引擎。

6.單選題

Tothe（

）valuesofliberty,equality,andabenevolentChristianmoralitywerenowaddedthemiddle-classvirtues—especiallyofNewEngland—ofhardwork,honestyandintegrity,therewardsofindividualeffort,andobediencetoparentsandlegitimateauthority.

問題1選項

A.disproportionate

B.incipient

C.resplendent

D.participatory

【答案】C

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項disproportionate“不成比例的”；B選項incipient“初期的，初始的”；C選項resplendent“光輝的；璀璨的”；D選項participatory“供人分享的；吸引參與的”。句意：在自由、平等和仁慈的基督教道德觀這些……的價值觀之外，現(xiàn)在又增加了中產(chǎn)階級的美德，尤其是新英格蘭的中產(chǎn)階級的美德：勤奮、誠實正直、個人努力的回報、對父母的服從和合法權威。與后面“中產(chǎn)階級的美德”對應的只有“璀璨的價值觀”。因此C選項符合題意。

7.單選題

Theideathatboththeparentsandthecommunityareresponsibleforthewell-beingofminorshasgainedacceptanceonlyinthetwentieth.

問題1選項

A.welfare

B.welcome

C.appearance

D.speech

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞辨析。well-being表示“幸福，康樂”。A項welfare“福利”，B項welcome“歡迎，接受”，C項appearance“外貌，外觀”，D項speech“演講”；句意：父母和社會都應該對未成年人的幸福負責的觀點直到二十世紀才得到接受。根據(jù)句意該題選A。

8.單選題

Theproducersrefusedtoeventalkaboutresiduals.Theyputforthasimpleand（）question:

Whyshouldanyemployeebepaidmorethanonceforthesamejob?

問題1選項

A.compelling

B.component

C.competent

D.compulsive

【答案】A

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項compelling“令人信服的，引人注目的”，B項component“組成的”，C項competent“有能力的”，D項compulsive“強制的”；句意：制片人甚至拒絕提到剩余工資并提出了一個簡單而又引人注目的問題：為什么雇主要為一次同樣的工作付兩次錢？因此A選項正確。

9.單選題

15.

問題1選項

A.Thesmallpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesleep.

B.Theyellowpillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforesupper.

C.Thewhitepillsshouldbetakenonceadaybeforebreakfast.

D.Thelargeroundpillsshouldbetakenthreetimesadayaftermeals.

【答案】D

【解析】M:Ijustwant

tocheckifyouunderstandwhichpillstotakeandwhen?

W:Theyellowoneinthemorningandtheothers,oh,Ithinkno,maybe,ah,bestifIwriteitdown!ThenIwon’tforget!

M:Hereissomepaper!Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping.

Q:Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrue?

【解析】細節(jié)題。男士說：Theyellowoneonceadaybeforebreakfast,thelargeroundonethreetimesadayaftermeals,thesmalloneswhenyouneedoneforsleeping。故選D。

10.單選題

I’venotevenreadthefirstchapter____finishedthewholenovel.

問題1選項

A.ratherthan

B.muchmore

C.aswellas

D.muchless

【答案】D

【解析】【選項釋義】

A.ratherthan而不是B.muchmore更加；多得多

C.aswellas也；和……一樣D.muchless更不用說；不及

【答案】D

【考查點】詞組辨析。

【解題思路】句意：我甚至還沒讀完第一章……看完整本小說。根據(jù)邏輯，小說第一章都沒有看完，可推斷更不用說看完整本小說了。因此選D。

【干擾項排除】A、B、C選項均無法與空格前后構成相應邏輯關系。

【句意】我連第一章都沒看完，更別說讀完整部小說了。

11.單選題

Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear,accordingtoareportbytheGlobalHumanitarianForum,anorganizationledbyAnnan,theformerUnitedNationssecretarygeneral.

Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutrition(營養(yǎng)不良)andheat-relatedhealthproblems.

Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.

Alongwiththedeaths,thereportsaidthatthelivesof325millionpeople,primarilyinpoorcountries,werebeingseriouslyaffectedbyclimatechange.Itprojectedthatthenumberwoulddoubleby2030.

RogerPielkeJr.,apoliticalscientistattheUniversityofColorado,Boulder,whostudiesdisastertrends,saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”becausetherewasnowaytodistinguishdeathsoreconomiclossesrelatedtohuman-drivenglobalwarmingamidthemuchlargerlossesresultingfromthegrowthinpopulationsandeconomicdevelopmentinvulnerable(易受傷害的)regions.Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.Butthereport,hesaid,“willharmthecauseforactiononbothclimatechangeanddisastersbecauseitissodeeplyflawed(有瑕疵的)”.

However,SorenAndreasen,asocialscientistatDalbergGlobalDevelopmentPartnerswhosupervisedthewritingofthereport,defendedit,sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.

Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.Morethan90%ofthehumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangeareoccurringinpoorcountries,accordingtothereport.

1.WhatisthefindingoftheGlobalHumanitarianForum?

2.WhatdowelearnabouttheForum’sreportfromthepassage?

3.WhatdoesDr.PielkesayabouttheForum’sreport?

4.WhatisSorenAndreasen’sviewofthereport?

5.WhatdoesKofiAnnansayshouldbethefocusoftheCopenhagenconference?

問題1選項

A.Globaltemperaturesaffecttherateofeconomicdevelopment.

B.Ratesofdeathfromillnesshaverisenduetoglobalwarming.

C.Malnutritionhascausedserioushealthproblemsinpoorcountries.

D.Economictrendshavetodowithpopulationandnaturaldisasters.

問題2選項

A.Itwaschallengedbysomeclimateandriskexperts.

B.Itarousedalotofinterestinthescientificcircles.

C.Itwaswarmlyreceivedbyenvironmentalists.

D.Itcausedabigstirindevelopingcountries.

問題3選項

A.Itsstatisticslookembarrassing.

B.Itisinvalidintermsofmethodology.

C.Itdeservesourclosestattention.

D.Itsconclusionispurposelyexaggerated.

問題4選項

A.Itsconclusionsarebasedoncarefullycollecteddata.

B.Itisvulnerabletocriticismifthestatisticsarecloselyexamined.

C.ItwillgiverisetoheateddiscussionsattheCopenhagenconference.

D.Itsroughestimatesaremeanttodrawtheattentionofworldleaders.

問題5選項

A.Howrichandpoorregionscanshareresponsibilityincurbingglobalwarming.

B.Howhumanandeconomiclossesfromclimatechangecanbereduced.

C.Howemissionsofheat-trappinggasescanbereducedonaglobalscale.

D.Howrichcountriescanbetterhelppoorregionsreduceclimatehazards.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第二句Itfoundthathuman-influencedclimatechangewasraisingtheglobaldeathratesfromillnessesincludingmalnutritionandheat-relatedhealthproblems.（研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，受人類影響的氣候變化提高了包括營養(yǎng)不良和與高溫相關的各種疾病的全球死亡率。），可知全球變暖造成疾病死亡率上升，沒有說到貧窮國家的具體情況，B選項“由于全球變暖，疾病的死亡率上升了”正確，C選項“營養(yǎng)不良在貧窮國家造成了嚴重的健康問題”錯誤。A選項“全球氣溫影響經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的速度”：根據(jù)第一段Globalwarmingiscausingmorethan300,000deathsandabout$125billionineconomiclosseseachyear（全球變暖每年造成超過30萬人死亡，約1250億美元的經(jīng)濟損失。），可知全球變暖造成經(jīng)濟損失，而不是影響經(jīng)濟發(fā)展速度，故錯誤。D選項“經(jīng)濟趨勢與人口和自然災害有關”：根據(jù)第二段第一句Thereport,tobereleasedFriday,analyzeddataandexistingstudiesofhealth,disaster,populationandeconomictrends.（這份將于周五發(fā)布的報告分析了有關健康、災害、人口和經(jīng)濟趨勢的數(shù)據(jù)和現(xiàn)有研究。），可知并沒有指出這些研究內(nèi)容的關系，故錯誤。因此B選項正確。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Butevenbeforeitsrelease,thereportdrewcriticismfromsomeexpertsonclimateandrisk,whoquestioneditsmethodsandconclusions.（但在發(fā)布之前，該報告就遭到了一些氣候和風險專家的批評，他們質(zhì)疑報告的方法和結論。），可知有的氣候和風險專家對此提出質(zhì)疑，A選項“它受到了一些氣候和風險專家的質(zhì)疑”正確。B選項“它引起了科學界的極大興趣”，C選項“它受到了環(huán)保主義者的熱烈歡迎”和D選項“它在發(fā)展中國家引起了很大的轟動”：文中沒有提到這個報告在整個科學界和發(fā)展中國家的影響，也沒有提到環(huán)保主義者對此的看法，故錯誤。因此A選項正確。

3.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】推理判斷題。根據(jù)第五段第一句RogerPielkeJr.,…saidtheForum’sreportwas“amethodologicalembarrassment”（RogerPielkeJr.說論壇的報告是“方法論上的難題”），可知Pielke不認同這份報告的方法，沒有對其數(shù)據(jù)進行評價，B選項“從方法論來講是無效的”正確，A選項“統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)看起來很尷尬”錯誤。C選項“值得我們密切關注”：根據(jù)第五段第二句Dr.Pielkesaidthat“climatechangeisanimportantproblemrequiringourutmostattention”.（皮爾克博士說“氣候變化是一個需要我們高度關注的重要問題?！保芍枰P注的是氣候變化而非報告，故錯誤。D選項“結論被故意夸大”：文中沒有提到。因此B選項正確。

4.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)題。根據(jù)第六段However,SorenAndreasen…sayingthatitwasclearthatthenumberswereroughestimates.Hesaidthereportwasaimedatworldleaders,whowillmeetinCopenhageninDecembertonegotiateanewinternationalclimatetreaty.（然而，SorenAndreasen……稱這些數(shù)字顯然是粗略的估計。他說，這份報告的目標是世界各國領導人，他們將于12月在哥本哈根開會，就新的國際氣候條約進行談判。），可知報告的數(shù)據(jù)是粗略的估計，不是仔細收集的，A選項“報告的結論基于仔細收集的數(shù)據(jù)”錯誤；而這粗略的估計主要是給世界各國領導人看的，D選項“報告粗略估計是為了吸引世界領導人的注意”正確；這些世界各國領導人將出席哥本哈根，而不是說報告會在這個會議上引起熱烈討論，C選項“報告將在哥本哈根會議上引起熱烈的討論”錯誤。B選項“如果仔細核查統(tǒng)計數(shù)據(jù)，報告經(jīng)不起推敲”：文中沒有提到。因此D選項正確。

5.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】事實細節(jié)。根據(jù)第七段第一句Inapressreleasedescribingthereport,Mr.Annanstressedtheneedforthenegotiationstofocusonincreasingtheflowofmoneyfromrichtopoorregionstohelpreducetheirvulnerabilitytoclimatehazardswhilestillcurbingtheemissionsoftheheat-trappinggases.（Annan在描述這份報告的新聞稿中強調(diào)，談判有必要把重點放在增加從富裕地區(qū)向貧困地區(qū)的資金流動上，以幫助這些地區(qū)降低對氣候災害的脆弱性，同時仍然控制溫室氣體的排放。），可知Annan認為重點應該是富裕地區(qū)幫助貧困地區(qū)面對氣候災害，而不是如何解決全球性的問題，D選項“富裕國家如何更好地幫助貧困地區(qū)減少氣候災害”正確；A選項“富國和窮國如何分擔遏制全球變暖的責任”，B選項“如何減少氣候變化造成的人類和經(jīng)濟損失”和C選項“如何在全球范圍內(nèi)減少溫室氣體的排放”錯誤。因此D選項正確。

12.單選題

Itisobviousthat,（）self-awarenessisahealthyquality,overdoingitisharmful.

問題1選項

A.while

B.as

C.when

D.since

【答案】A

【解析】考查連詞辨析。A選項while用作連詞時，譯為“當……時候，和……同時；雖然……，盡管……”；B選項as表原因；C選項when表時間；D選項since表原因。題干的意思是“很明顯，雖然自我意識是一種健康的品質(zhì)，（）過度的自我意識是有害的。”所以空格處應填while表轉折。因此A選項正確。

13.單選題

Whenhewasonly10metersawayfromthefinishingline,theAfricanrunnersuddenly（）passingbytheotherrunners.

問題1選項

A.attempted

B.approached

C.accelerated

D.accessed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞詞義辨析。attempt“企圖，試圖”；approach“走進；臨近；處理”；accelerate“加速”；access“接近，使用”。句意：當他離終點只有10米遠的時候，這位非洲跑步者加速超過了其他人。選項C符合題意。

14.單選題

Mr.Jenkinsdrovealongathisusualhighspeed（

）forpolicecarsinhismirrorfromtimetotimetomakesurehewassafe.

問題1選項

A.pullingout

B.runningthrough

C.goingahead

D.watchingout

【答案】D

【解析】考查詞組辨析。pullout“離開；撤離；拔出”；runthrough“跑著穿過；瀏覽；揮霍”；goahead“前進；進行”；watchout“小心；提防”。句意：詹金森先生以自己平時的高速開車，時不時從后視鏡提防警察，確保自己是安全的。選項D符合題意。

15.單選題

Whilesomeofficejobswouldseem（）tomanypeople,therearequiteafewjobsthatarestimulating,excitingandsatisfying.

問題1選項

A.hostile

B.tedious

C.fantastic

D.courageous

【答案】B

【解析】hostile敵對的,充滿敵意的；tedious單調(diào)乏味的；fantastic極好的；courageous勇敢的。根據(jù)句意可知,填空處應該是和下文提到的刺激,令人興奮和令人滿意相反意義的詞。所以選項B符合句意。

16.單選題

Thepuzzleofleft-handednessseemstobeamodestgrowthareaincurrentresearch.Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms,althoughitisnotclearwhethertheoverproductionofhormonecausesthedefensedefect,orissimplyonesymptomofageneralimbalance.Couldthisexplainwhy13percentofmalechildren,butonly10percentoffemales,areleft-handed?

Today,veryroughly10percentofthepopulationisleft-handed.Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory.Fromwrittenrecords,andevenpainting,researcherscangetaguidetotheincidenceofleft-handednessamongourrecentancestors

Lookingfurtherback,someexpertsclaimtobeabletotellfromtheshapingofflint(打火石)toolswhetherourStoneAgeforebearswereleft-orright-handedwhilethehabitofcavepaintersofleavinghandprints(as“signatures”)onwallsatleasttellsuswhichhandanindividualusedformarkingwalls.Theevidencesuggeststhat10percentofthepopulationwasleft-handed.

Thisisacommonevolutionarypatternwheretherearevariationsthateachprovidessomeadvantagefortheindividualthatcarriesthem,butnotanoverwhelmingadvantage,sothatallthevariationsexistsomewhereinthepopulation.

Abalanceisstruckinwhichtheproportionsofthepopulationinwhicheachversionisexpressedstayroughlythesameformgenerationtogeneration-asinthecaseofbloodgroups,forexample.Theremustbesomeadvantage,inDarwinianterms,inbeingaleft-handeramongapopulationofpredominantlyright-handedpeople.Butthisisverydifferentfromthepatternseeninmostanimals.

Ournearrelatives,thechimpanzees,alsoshowindividualpreferenceforonehandortheother,buthalfthechimppopulationisleft-handed.Evenratsshowthesamesplit-50percentleft-pawedand50percentright-pawed.Manmaynotquitebeuniqueamongmammals;therehavebeenclaimsthatpolarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions.Butbycomparisonwithourcousinapes,itlooksasifresearchintoleft-handednessinpeoplemaybeaskingthewrongquestion.

Therealpuzzleisnotwhy10percentofpeopleareleft-handed,butwhy90percentareright-handed.Whathashappenedtothehumanspecies,inevolutionaryterms,totiltthebalanceawayfromleft-handersinfavorofright-handers?Whyismantheright-handedape?Nobodyhasasatisfactoryanswer.Butitisoneofthecuriositiesofscientificresearchthatstudiesofsomethingseeminglysomundaneasleft-handednessinpeoplecouldactuallyshednewlightonhumanevolution.

1.Thearticlesuggeststhatleft-handednessmightbedueto（）

2.Itappearsfromthearticlethat（）

3.Whatdowelearnaboutpolarbears?

4.Whatadvantageisshowninbeingaleft-hander?

5.Fromthepassage,wecanguesstheword“mundane”inthelastparagraphmeans（）.

問題1選項

A.ashortageofmalehormone

B.veryweakdefensemechanisms

C.anexcessofmalehormone

D.therebeingmoremalethanfemalechildren

問題2選項

A.thereweremoreleft-handedpeopleinancienttimes

B.thepercentageofleft-handershasn'tchanged

C.therewerefewerleft-handedpeopleinancienttime

D.thenumberofleft-handershasn'treallychanged

問題3選項

A.Itisimpossibletodolaboratoryexperimentswiththem.

B.Therearemoreright-handedthanleft-handedones.

C.Theyareprobablynotallleft-handed.

D.Therearemoreleft-handedthanright-handedones.

問題4選項

A.Noclearadvantageisshown.

B.Youalwaysbelongto,thesamebloodgroup.

C.Youbelongtoanimportantminority.

D.Youarefreetomakeachoice.

問題5選項

A.strange

B.ordinary

C.confusing

D.interesting

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細節(jié)事實題。由原文第一段“Oneofthelatestproposalslinksleft-handednessbothwithanoverproductionofthemalehormoneandwithdeficienciesinthebody’sautomaticdefensemechanisms...”可知，最新一項研究表明左撇子可能與雄激素產(chǎn)生過剩以及人體自動防御機制缺陷有關，故A選項錯誤，C選項正確。原文指的是自動防御機制缺陷而非薄弱，故B項錯誤。D項內(nèi)容與題目無關。因此，本題選擇C選項最符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。本題詢問古今左撇子人數(shù)變化趨勢。根據(jù)原文第二段第二句“Theoddthingisthatthispercentageseemstohaveremainedconstantthroughouthistory,andindeedthroughouthumanprehistory”可知，雖然隨著人類發(fā)展，人口數(shù)目發(fā)生了變化，但是左撇子所占的比例幾乎維持不變。因此，本題正確答案為B項。

3.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問北極熊的相關情況。根據(jù)原文倒數(shù)第二段“polarbearsaremorelikelytobeleft-handedthanright,althoughunderstandablyfewexperimentshavebeendonewithpolarbearsunderlaboratoryconditions”可知，雖然難以在實驗室中對北極熊做實驗，但是左撇子的北極熊更多，故B項錯誤，D選項正確。原文只是說針對北極熊進行的實驗室實驗比較少，但并不是說不可能，故A項與原文不符。在提及北極熊前，原文提到哺乳動物不止人類有左撇子和右撇子之分，則說明北極熊肯定也會有這樣的區(qū)別，故C選項“它們可能不都是左撇子”錯誤。因此，本題正確答案為D。

4.細節(jié)事實題。題干詢問左撇子有何優(yōu)勢。由原文第五段可知，用達爾文的話說，在以右撇子為主的人群中，左撇子肯定有一些優(yōu)勢。但這些優(yōu)勢是什么，文中并沒有提及，故A項正確，B、C、D均未在原文出現(xiàn)。因此本題正確答案為A選項。

5.詞義推斷題。將“mundane”定位到原文最后一句。根據(jù)原文內(nèi)容可推斷左撇子的研究雖說表面上看起來不足為奇，但是卻可能會對人類進化帶來新的啟示。故B項“ordinary”更符合句意。因此，本題正確答案為B選項。

17.單選題

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatpeoplewhorefuseto（

）withthelawwillbepunished.

問題1選項

A.conceal

B.consent

C.abide

D.comply

【答案】D

【解析】動詞辨析題。A選項conceal“隱藏，隱瞞”；B選項consent“同意，準許”；C選項abide“忍受”；D選項comply“遵守”。

句意：不言而喻，拒絕遵守法律的人將受到懲罰。complywith意為“遵守”，所以選項D正確。

18.單選題

Frequentculturalexchangewillcertainlyhelp（）friendlyrelationsbetweenourtwouniversities.

問題1選項

A.foster

B.harness

C.install

D.exhibit

【答案】A

【解析】句意:頻繁的文化交流必將有助于促進我們兩所大學之間的友好關系。

考查動詞辨析。foster培養(yǎng),促進;harness駕馭,利用;install安裝,安頓：exhibit展覽,顯示,提出。由題干關鍵詞“friendlyrelations(友好關系)”可知A符合句意。

19.單選題

ButneitherarepeoplewhobelieveintheUPOnarrativesirrational,much（

）crazy,astheyaresometimesdepicted.

問題1選項

A.more

B.less

C.as

D.like

【答案】B

【解析】考查語義。前面部分說到“兩者都并非非理性的”，相應的空格這部分的修飾詞也應選擇否定意義。四個選項中只有B選項less符合要求，muchlesscrazy“更不用說瘋狂的”。

20.不定項選擇題

ThedevelopmentofjazzcanbeseenaspartofthelargercontinuumofAmericanpopularmusic,especiallydancemusic.Inthetwenties,jazzbecamethehottestnewthingindancemusic,muchasragtimehadattheturnofthecentury,andaswouldrhythmandbluesinthefifties,rockinthefifties,anddiscointheseventies.Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstisimprovisation,thechangingofamusicalphraseaccordingtotheplayer’sinspiration.Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.Inearlyjazz,musiciansoftenimprovisedmelodiescollectively,thuscreatingakindofpolyphony.Therewaslittlesoloingassuch,althoughsomeNewOrleansplayers,particularlycometplayerBuddyBolden,achievedlocalfamefortheirabilitytoimproviseasolo.Latertheideaofthechorus-longormulticoursesolotookhold.LouisArmstrong’sinstrumentalbrilliance,demonstratedthroughextendedsolos,wasamajorinfluenceinthisdevelopment.

Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.Unimproved,completelystructuredjazzdoesexist,buttheabilityofthebestjazzmusicianstocreatemusicofgreatcohesionandbeautyduringperformancehasbeenahallmarkofthemusicanditsmajorsourceofinspirationandchange.Theseconddistinguishingcharacteristicofjazzisarhythmicdrivethatwasinitiallycalled“hot”andlater“swing”.Inplayinghot,amusicianconsciouslydepartsfromstrictmetertocreatearelaxedsenseofphrasingthatalsoemphasizestheunderlyingrhythms.(“Rough”toneanduseofmoderatevibratoalsocontributedtoahotsound.)Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.Still,theproclivitytoplayhotdistinguishedthejazzmusicianfromotherinstrumentalists.

1.Thepassageanswerswhichofthefollowingquestions?

2.Accordingtothepassage,jazzmusiciansareabletodemonstratetheirindividualartistrymainlyby?

3.Whichofthefollowingwasthefunctionof“get-off”musicians?

4.Theword“unadorned”isclosestinmeaningto（）.

5.Thetopicofthepassageisdevelopedprimarilybymeansof（）.

問題1選項

A.Whichearlyjazzmusiciansmostinfluencedrhythmandbluesmusic?

B.Whatarethedifferencesbetweenjazzandotherformsofmusic?

C.WhyisdancingcloselyrelatedtopopularmusicintheUnitedStates?

D.Whatinstrumentscomprisedatypicaljazzbandofthe1920’s?

問題2選項

A.creatingmusicalvariationswhileperforming

B.preparingmusicalarrangements

C.readingmusicwithgreatskill

D.beingabletoplayalltypesofpopularmusic

問題3選項

A.Assisttheotherbandmembersinpackingupafteraperformance.

B.Teachdanceroutinescreatedfornewmusic.

C.Leadtheband.

D.Providesoloperformancesinabandororchestra.

問題4選項

A.lovely

B.plain

C.disorganized

D.inexpensive

問題5選項

A.dividingthediscussionintotwomajorareas

B.presentingcontrastingpointsofview

C.providingbiographiesoffamousmusician

D.describinghistoricaleventsinsequence

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:主旨大意題。文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個特點將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個特點展開，由此可知B選項“爵士音樂與其他形式的音樂最大的區(qū)別是什么”符合文章大意，A選項“哪位早期的爵士樂手對節(jié)奏和藍調(diào)音樂影響最大”，并沒有談論很多樂手；C選項“為什么美國的舞蹈和音樂的聯(lián)系那么密切”，文章沒有談及美國的舞蹈，只開始一句帶過；D選項“什么樂器組成了19世紀20年代最典型的爵士樂隊”，樂器方面也并未過多說明。因此B選項正確。

第2題:事實細節(jié)題。文章第一段提到Likeallartists,jazzmusiciansstriveforanindividualstyle,andtheimprovisedorparaphrasedisajazzmusician’smainopportunitytodisplayhisorherindividuality.和所有的藝術家一樣，爵士音樂家追求自己獨特的風格，即興創(chuàng)作或意譯是爵士音樂家展示自己個性的主要機會。A選項“在表演時創(chuàng)造音樂的變化”與原文意思相同；B選項“準備音樂改編”，不是準備好的音樂，而是即興的；C選項“有技巧的閱讀音樂”并未提及；選項D“能夠演奏所有類型的流行音樂”也不對。因此A選項正確。

第3題:判斷推理題。結合文章第二段Evenintheearlytwenties,however,somejazzbandshadfeaturedsoloists.Similarly,showorchestrasandcarnivalbandsoftenincludedoneortwosuch“get-off”musicians.“即使在二十世紀初，一些爵士樂隊也有獨唱的特色。類似地，表演樂團和嘉年華樂隊通常也會有一兩個這樣的“get-off”音樂家?！笨芍?，“get-off”音樂家的功能是獨唱。A選項“演出結束后，協(xié)助其他樂隊成員收拾行裝”并未涉及；B選項“教新音樂的舞蹈動作”，文中只提到獨唱并沒有說舞蹈動作；C選項“領導樂隊”與原文不符；D選項“在樂隊或管弦樂隊中提供獨奏表演”與原文提到的獨唱特色相對應。因此D選項正確。

第4題:詞義推測題。由unadorned這個詞定位到文章第二段倒數(shù)第二句話Notalljazzishot,however,manyearlybandsplayedunadornedpublishedarrangementsofpopularsongs.“然而，并不是所有的爵士樂都是熱門的，許多早期的樂隊演奏的是未經(jīng)修飾的已出版的流行歌曲。”由此可知，unadorned的意思為“未經(jīng)修飾的，樸素的”。A選項“可愛的”意思不同；B選項“平的，普通的，樸素的”與之意思一致；C選項“紊亂的”錯誤；D選項“便宜的”可排除。因此B選項符合題意。

第5題:主旨大意題。結合51題內(nèi)容，文中討論了爵士樂和其他形式的音樂，文章第一段提到Buttwocharacteristicsdistinguishjazzfromotherdancemusic.Thefirstis…“有兩個特點將爵士樂和其他形式的音樂區(qū)分開來”，之后的段落就一直圍繞著這兩個特點展開敘述，所以這篇文章的主題主要是通過分開表述爵士樂區(qū)分其他音樂的兩個特點展開的。A選項“把討論分成兩個主要部分”符合題意；B選項“提出相反的觀點”，原文沒有提出其他相反觀點，B錯誤；C選項“提供著名音樂家的傳記”，文中沒有涉及音樂人物傳記；D選項“按順序描述歷史事件”文章并未敘述歷史事件，可以排除。因此A選項符合題意。

21.不定項選擇題

Thefirstreactiononehastothequestionofviableapproachestothecontrolofchemicalandbiologicalweaponsisthattherearenosuchapproaches.Anditismostdifficulttodispensewiththisfirstreaction.Thereasonsarethatthenations,includingsomeofthesmallerones,arealreadydownstreamtoofar.ThelargerstoresofweaponsforCBwarfaremayberestrictedtothemajorpowers,butthereislittledoubtthatanincreasingcapabilityisproliferatingtosomeofthesmalleranddevelopingcountries.Whatusedtobelargelyapictureofresearchhasturnedtodevelopment,anddevelopmenthasturnedtomanufacturingandstockpiling.Thesubjectisshroudedinsecrecyanditisthesecrecywhichseemstoprovideanonstopmomentumtorealizethefullpotentialofthesetypesofweapons.Noonereallyknowswhatsomeoneelsemayhavereadyforemploymentinamilitarysituation.ThelargeandexpensiveprogramsintheUnitedStatesandRussiaareattributedtoeachother’s“l(fā)argeandexpensiveprograms”.Knowledgeandcapabilityrequiredfordetectionanddefenseare