考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解4

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-南陽(yáng)師范學(xué)院考試押題卷含答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共100題)1.翻譯題

(1)Sciencefictioncanhelptoexplainwhatscienceandscientistareallabouttothenon-scientists.Itisnoaccidentthatseveralhundreduniversitiesandpublicschoolsarenowofferingsciencefictioncoursesanddiscoveringthattheseclassesareameetinggroundforthescientist-engineersandthehumanists.Scienceandfiction.Reasonandemotion.

Theessenceofthescientificattitudeisthatthehumanmindcansucceedinunderstandingtheuniverse.Bytakingthought,mencanmovemountains—andhave.Inthissense,scienceisanutterlyhumanisticpursuit.

Muchofsciencefictioncelebratesthisspirit.(2)Veryfewsciencefictionstoriespicturehumanityasapassivespecies,allowingthetidalforcesofnaturetoflowfreely.Theheroesofsciencefictionstories—thegodsofthenewmythology—strugglemanfullyagainstthedarkness,whetherit’sgeologicaldoomforthewholeplanetortheevilofgraspingpoliticians.Theymaynotalwayswin.Buttheyalwaystry.

Perhaps,however,themostimportantaspectofsciencefiction’sroleinthemodernworldisbestsummedupinasingleword.Change.

Afterall,sciencefictionistheliteratureofchange.Eachandeverystorypreachesfromthesamegospel:tomorrowwillbedifferentfromtoday,violentlydifferentperhaps.

(3)Sciencefictionveryclearlyshowsthatchanges—whethergoodorbad—areaninherentDartoftheuniverse.Resistancetochangeisanarchaic,andnowadaysdangerous,habitofthought.Humanity’smostfruitfulcourseofactionistodeterminehowtoshapethesechanges,howtoinfluencethemandproduceanenvironmentwherethechangesthatoccurarethosewewant.

Perhapsthisistheultimateroleofsciencefiction:toactasaninterpreterofsciencetohumanity.Thisisatwo-edgedweapon,ofcourse.Itisnecessarytowarnaswellasevangelize.(4)Sciencecankillaswellascreate;technologycandeadenthehumanspiritorliftittothefurthermostcornersofourimaginations.Onlyknowledgeablepeoplecanwiselydecidehowtousescienceandtechnologyforhumankind’sbenefit.Intheend,thisistheultimateroleofallart:toshowourselvestoourselves,tohelpustounderstandourownhumanity.

【答案】（1）科幻小說(shuō)可以幫助解釋科學(xué)和科學(xué)家都是關(guān)于非科學(xué)家。幾百所大學(xué)和公立學(xué)校現(xiàn)在開(kāi)設(shè)科幻課程，并發(fā)現(xiàn)這些課程是科學(xué)家、工程師和人文主義者的聚會(huì)場(chǎng)所，這并非偶然。

（2）很少有科幻小說(shuō)把人類描繪成一個(gè)被動(dòng)的物種，任由大自然的潮汐力自由流動(dòng)?？苹霉适轮械挠⑿邸律裨捴械纳瘛赂业嘏c黑暗抗?fàn)?，無(wú)論是對(duì)整個(gè)地球的地質(zhì)毀滅，還是貪婪的政客的邪惡。

（3）科幻小說(shuō)非常清楚地表明，變化——不管是好是壞——是宇宙固有的飛鏢。抵制改變是一種過(guò)時(shí)的、在今天也是危險(xiǎn)的思維習(xí)慣。人類最富有成效的行動(dòng)方針是決定如何塑造這些變化，如何影響它們，并產(chǎn)生一種環(huán)境，在這種環(huán)境中發(fā)生的變化是我們所希望的。

（4）科學(xué)可以創(chuàng)造，也可以殺人；技術(shù)可以麻木人類的精神，也可以把它提升到我們想象的最遙遠(yuǎn)的角落。只有有知識(shí)的人才能明智地決定如何利用科學(xué)技術(shù)造福人類。最后，這是所有藝術(shù)的終極角色：向自己展示我們自己，幫助我們理解我們自己的人性。

2.填空題

（1）hestudiedinAmericaforthreeyears,hecan’twriteEnglishverywell.Heisratherembarrassedbythisnow.He（2）hehadnotspentmoretime（3）hiswrittenEnglishwhilehewasabroad.

句意:盡管在美國(guó)學(xué)習(xí)過(guò)三年，但是他的英語(yǔ)書(shū)寫(xiě)能力卻很差。這讓他現(xiàn)在倍感尷尬。他說(shuō)自己在國(guó)外時(shí)沒(méi)有在書(shū)面英語(yǔ)上花較多的時(shí)間。

【答案】1.Although

2.said

3.on

【解析】1.邏輯分析?？崭袼诰渥优c其后面句子構(gòu)成讓步關(guān)系。

2.語(yǔ)義題。用said表示“說(shuō)過(guò)”。

3.固定搭配。Spendtimeon花時(shí)間在某事上。

3.單選題

Inthewinter,reptilesappeartoverysluggish.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.stupid

B.listless

C.heavy

D.solitary

【答案】B

【解析】【選項(xiàng)釋義】

A.stupid愚蠢的；糊涂的B.listless沒(méi)有活力的；無(wú)精打采的

C.heavy重的D.solitary單獨(dú)的；孤獨(dú)的

【答案】B

【考查點(diǎn)】語(yǔ)義銜接

【解題思路】劃線詞形容的是冬天的爬行動(dòng)物，原詞sluggish“遲緩的；懶洋洋的”，原句表達(dá)的是“爬行動(dòng)物在冬天行動(dòng)遲緩，沒(méi)有活力”。因此，B選項(xiàng)listless“沒(méi)有活力的；無(wú)精打采的”最接近原句句意。

【干擾項(xiàng)排除】A、C、D選項(xiàng)不符合原句句意。

【句意】在冬天，爬行動(dòng)物似乎行動(dòng)遲緩。

4.寫(xiě)作題

Differentfromtheblindoptimismintheachievementsofmodernsciencethroughoutthe20thcentury,moreandmorepeoplearebeginningtorealizethedestructiveeffectsofscientificprogressuponhumansociety.Manyevenbelievethatwhateverbenefitssciencebringstohumanity,itwillalsobringaboutthemostinhumanviolencetoanimalsandeveryimaginablesortofhorriblemeddlingwithhumanlife.Nowyouaresupposedtowriteanessayinnofewerthan300wordstoshowwhetheryouagreewithsuchabelief.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organizationgrammarandappropriateness.

【答案】【參考范文】

Throughoutthecenturiestothehistoryofscientificdevelopment,scienceandtechnologyhasbeenagreatprogresscomparedtotheprevious,weliveintheeraofrapidchangesinscienceandtechnology,hasfelttheconveniencebroughtbytechnology.Indeed,technologyhasbroughtusalotofbenefits,butalsobroughtmanydisadvantages.Personally,Ithinkthesedisadvantagesarerealandcannotbeignored.Whatweneedtodoistotreatthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologycorrectlyandbringoutitsmaximumpositivesignificance.

Ontheonehand,thankstothedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology,ourlivescanbegreatlyenrichedandmadeeasier.Electriclights,newmeansoftransportation,theinventionoftheInternet—thereisnoonewhohasnotbenefitedfromthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnology.Whenyousitathomeandtapthemouse,youareabletocommunicateface-to-facewithyourrelativesinfarawayplaces;whenyouareontheroadoftravel,holdingthesteeringwheeltightly,youareabletotravelalloverthecountryandenjoythescenery;whenyoustayinahotelandpresstheremotecontroloftheairconditionerleisurely,youenjoythepleasureofwarmthandcoolness.Comparedwiththepast,humanhealthandlivingstandardshavechangedalot.Technologyhasbroughtustoomuchconvenienceandmadegreatprogressinhumandevelopment.

Ontheotherhand,asthesayinggoes,“Thingswilldevelopintheoppositedirectionwhentheybecomeextreme.”Ifanythinggoodisusedtoexcessandtakentotheextreme,therewillbea“double-edgedsword”effect,andthesameistrueforscience.ThedevelopmentofphysicaltheoryhasenabledmankindtomasternuclearenergytechnologybutalsobroughtaboutthenucleardisastersofHiroshimaandNagasaki,wheremankindhadtheabilitytodestroyitselfforthefirsttime.Thedevelopmentofchemistryhasgivenustheunprecedentedabilitytotransformnature,butourgunpowderandexplosiveshavealsoharmedtensofmillionsofourfellowhumanbeings.Advancesinoilexplorationtechnologyhaveallowedmankindtoadvanceatamuchfasterpace.Wehavebeenabletoflyfasterthanthespeedofsound,butthishasalsobroughttoomanywarsandtoomuchstrife,andmadetheearthstarttocatchafever.Atthesametime,theatmospherehasbeendamaged,waterhasbeenpolluted,andenvironmentalproblemsarebecomingincreasinglyserious,causingmanyplantsandanimalstolosetheirhabitats.

Allinall,technologicaldevelopmenthasitsadvantagesanddisadvantages.However,weshouldneitherblindlydevelopscienceandtechnologyregardlessoftheconsequencesbecauseitisbeneficial,norshouldwegotostopthedevelopmentofscienceandtechnologybecauseithasdisadvantages.Scienceandtechnologyarethegreatdrivingforceofhumansocialprogressonlywhentheyareinbalancewithpeople’sneedsandhumannature.Humanbeingsshouldmakefulluseofthepositiveeffectsofscienceandtechnologyandtrytolimitandovercomethenegativeeffectsbroughtbyscienceandtechnologyinthecontinuouspracticeofunderstandingnatureandtransformingit.

5.填空題

Iwenttoseeamovielastnight.ThefilmwasaBritishcomedythathadbeen（1）tomebyanumberofmyfriends.Itturned（2）tobe

justasfunnyasthey’dsaiditwouldbe.I（3）sohardthattherewere

tearsinmyeyes,especiallyattheclimaxtowardtheend.Thefilmiswithout（4）thefunniestthatI’veeverseen.Whenyougeta（5）,you

shouldseeit（6）.

句意:

昨晚我去看了一部電影。這是一部英國(guó)喜劇電影，由很多我的朋友向我推薦。它證明是如他們所說(shuō)的那樣有趣。我笑得那么厲害，以致我的眼淚都出來(lái)了，尤其是在接近尾聲的高潮時(shí)。這部電影無(wú)疑是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最有趣的電影。如果你有機(jī)會(huì)的話，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

【答案】1.recommended

2.out

3.laughed

4.doubt

5.chance

6.too

【解析】1.語(yǔ)義題。句意：由很多我的朋友推薦。

2.固定搭配。turnout證明是，原來(lái)是。

3.邏輯銜接。由后面的關(guān)鍵詞“thefunniestthatI’veeverseen是我曾經(jīng)看過(guò)的最有趣的電影?！笨赏浦@里指“笑得厲害到眼淚都出來(lái)了”。

4.固定搭配。withoutdoubt毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)。

5.邏輯銜接。句意為：若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

6.語(yǔ)義題。句意:若有機(jī)會(huì)，你也應(yīng)當(dāng)去看看。

6.單選題

ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater.StoneBrewing,alargecraftbrewingoperationheadquarteredinEscondido,presenteditsFullCirclePaleAletocuriouscustomersataneventlatelyinSanDiego.

Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego’，togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021.Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive,SFGatereported.

SanDiegomayorKevinFaulconertoldtheTimesthatthebrewwas'fantastic'andadded:There'snobetterwaytohighlightthepurityofthiswater.Otherpatronssaidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew.

HetoldABC10:'AmongthepalealesthatI'vemade,it'sprobablyinthetopthree.'Thebeerwasmadewiththreemaltsandthreehopsandhas'carameland'tropicalfruit'notes.Therecycledwateronlyneededsomesaltsbeforebrewing.Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions.

StoneBrewinghopestomaketheFullCirclePaleAleavailablesoon.

1.StoneBrewingissuccessfulinmakinga（）.

2.Thepublicrespondtothebeeris（）.

3.SteveGonzalez（）.

4.“PureWaterSanDiego”isto（）.

5.StoneBrewingis（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.recycledwaterbeer

B.sewagewaterbeer

C.toiletwaterbeer

D.tapwaterbeer

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.doubtful

B.passive

C.positive

D.curious

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.madethreebeerswiththreemaltsandthreehops.

B.saidthebrewwasoutstandinganddelicious.

C.presentedthebrewtocuriouscustomersinSanDiego.

D.madethebrewthoughdoubtfulatfirst.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.treatallwaterby2021

B.recycleathirdofwaterby2021

C.purifyitwaterby2021

D.makeathirdofwaterby2021

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.goodatusingdifferentwatersources.

B.positiveinusingdifferentwatersources.

C.recyclingdifferentwatersources.

D.usedtousingdifferentwatersources.

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:C

第3題:D

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:ASouthernCaliforniabreweryhassuccessfullytestedabeerusingtreatedsewagewater(南加州的一家啤酒廠用處理過(guò)的污水成功地測(cè)試了一種啤酒)，第二段還指出:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewater(這種新的麥芽酒是用經(jīng)過(guò)循環(huán)處理的污水制成的)。因此，A項(xiàng)“循環(huán)水啤酒”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第二段指出:Andtheverdictforthebrew,whichsomehavedubbed'toilettap’，seemedtobequitepositive(一些人稱之為“馬桶到水龍頭”的啤酒反響似乎還不錯(cuò))，因此C項(xiàng)“積極的，肯定的”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:StoneBrewing'sSeniorManagerofBrewingandInnovation,SteveGonzalez,createdthebeerandsaidthathewasdoubtfulatfirst.Butalldoubtsweredispelledwhenhetriedhisbrew(斯通釀酒公司負(fù)責(zé)釀造和創(chuàng)新的高級(jí)經(jīng)理史蒂夫?qū)_雷斯（SteveGonzalez）創(chuàng)造了這款啤酒，并表示他一開(kāi)始很懷疑。但當(dāng)他試著沖泡時(shí)，所有的疑慮都消除了)。因此D項(xiàng)“一開(kāi)始對(duì)這款啤酒心存懷疑”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞“PureWaterSanDiego”定位至第二段:Thenewaleismadeusingrecycled,treatedsewagewaterandispartofSanDiego'splan,'pureWaterSanDiego,togetathirdofitswaterfromrecycledsourcesby2021(這款新啤酒用的是處理過(guò)的回收污水，是圣地亞哥市“凈水圣地亞哥”計(jì)劃的一部分，目標(biāo)是在2021年前實(shí)現(xiàn)三分之一的用水為回收水)。因此，B項(xiàng)“到2021年，回收三分之一的水”正確。

5.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第四段指出:Thebreweryisusedtousingdifferentwatersourceswhichinturnhavedifferentproperties-followingCalifornia'sextremedroughtconditions(加州極度缺水，因此釀酒廠常使用不同的水源，而這些水質(zhì)也相應(yīng)地有區(qū)別)。因此選D項(xiàng)“常使用不同水源”。

7.單選題

Haven’tItoldyouIdon’twantyoukeeping（

）withthoseawfulriding-aboutbicycleboys?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.company

B.acquaintance

C.friends

D.place

【答案】A

【解析】考查固定搭配。keepcompanywith“與……來(lái)往”。句意：我不是告訴過(guò)你，不想讓你和那些騎著自行車到處跑的討厭的男孩們來(lái)往嗎？選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

8.單選題

Thewintervacation（）over,hegotdowntohisworkagain.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.being

B.was

C.were

D.hadbeen

【答案】A

【解析】考查非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞。句子用逗號(hào)連接，且在本句中沒(méi)有任何連詞。因此，這里不可能是兩個(gè)完整的句子，而只能一個(gè)是句子主干，另一個(gè)是非謂語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)作狀語(yǔ)，因此排除B、C、D選項(xiàng)?！皌hewintervacationbeingover”是一獨(dú)立分詞結(jié)構(gòu)，用來(lái)做狀語(yǔ)，表示時(shí)間，例如：Nobodyhayinganymoretosay,themeetingwasclosed.（大家都沒(méi)有什么可說(shuō)的了，會(huì)議就結(jié)束了。）。句意：寒假結(jié)束后，他又開(kāi)始認(rèn)真工作了。因此，本題的正確答案是A選項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

Manynovelsthatattempttothemirrortheworldarereally（

）oftherealitythattheyrepresent.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.reflections

B.demonstrations

C.illuminations

D.reproductions

【答案】A

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。reflection“反映”；demonstration“示范”；illumination“照明”；reproduction“繁殖”。句意：許多試圖向世界反映現(xiàn)實(shí)的小說(shuō)，都反映了他們所代表的現(xiàn)實(shí)。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

10.問(wèn)答題

We'dratherhavelongwaitsthan(A)noshiftingofthescenes,and(B)alltheactorson(C)thestagedoing(D)nothing.

【答案】試題答案：B;with

【解析】考查獨(dú)立主格。with表示伴隨狀況，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：with+名詞/代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/形容詞/副詞/不定式/介詞短語(yǔ)。

11.填空題

Theoveremphasisontheexteriorelevationinitsformerdesignresultedintheclosenessand________oftheinteriorspace.(regular)

【答案】irregularity

【解析】【考查點(diǎn)】名詞。

【解題思路】根據(jù)關(guān)鍵詞and，可知橫線處和closeness都是名詞，結(jié)合語(yǔ)境，過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面致使建筑不規(guī)則，irregularity意思為“不規(guī)則（或無(wú)規(guī)律）的事物”，符合語(yǔ)境。

【句意】在原有設(shè)計(jì)中過(guò)分強(qiáng)調(diào)建筑的外部立面，導(dǎo)致室內(nèi)空間的封閉和不規(guī)則。

12.單選題

Themayor（

）hisspeechtosuitthecrowdofhomelesspeoplegatheredinhisoffice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intoned

B.expanded

C.tailored

D.shortened

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。intone“吟誦，吟詠”；expand“擴(kuò)大，擴(kuò)展”；tailor“剪裁;使合適”；shorten“縮短，變短”。根據(jù)句意‘為了迎合聚集于自己辦公室的無(wú)家可歸的人，市長(zhǎng)（

）自己的演說(shuō)。’確定C選項(xiàng)正確。

13.問(wèn)答題

Directions:Thispanconsistsofashortpassage.Inthispassage,therearealtogether10mistakes,onemeachnumberedline.Youmayhavetochangeawordaword,ordeleteaword.MarkoutthemistakesandputthecorrectionsintheblanksprovidedontheAnswerSheet.Ifyouchangeaword,underlineitandwritethecorrectwordinthecorrespondingblank.Ifyouaddaword,putaninsertionmark(/)intherightplaceandwritethemissingworldintheblank.word,underlineitandputaslash(/)intheblank.

【答案】1.before→ago

2.Surprised→surprising

3.does→with

4.season→seasonality

5.being→be

6.an→any

7.apparent→apparently

8.to→/

9.on^theotherhand

10.in^thethementalhospital

【解析】1.常用搭配。sevenyearsago表示“幾年前”。

2.形容詞誤用。此處的形容詞是修飾“l(fā)ink”，因此，用surprising表示“令人驚訝的，出乎意料的”更符合搭配。

3.固定搭配。aswith和…一樣。

4.固定搭配。bemorethan+形容詞，表示“很、非?！?，相當(dāng)于very;根據(jù)后文的also可知，此處應(yīng)該是bemorethan+名詞，表示“不僅僅是”。因此，將形容詞seasonal改成名詞seasonality（季節(jié)性），即“然而，謀殺不只是季節(jié)性的”。

5.固定搭配。belikelytodosth.很可能做什么事。因此,being應(yīng)該改成動(dòng)詞原形be。

6.限定詞誤用。any表示“任一”之意，與單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞連用。

7.詞性誤用。主語(yǔ)是“ourintellectualseasonalcycles”，因此，形容詞“apparent”應(yīng)該改成副詞“apparently”，作狀語(yǔ)以修飾整句話，表示“顯然地’’。

8.語(yǔ)法題。并列的不定式由and和or連接時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)，從第二個(gè)不定式開(kāi)始，常省略to.因此，此處應(yīng)該將propose之前的to省略。

9.固定搭配。ontheotherhand另一方面。

10.冠詞遺漏。句中已經(jīng)有單詞admissions表示“進(jìn)入”之意，因此，后面的狀語(yǔ)應(yīng)該只是表示地點(diǎn):“在醫(yī)院里”。因此，此處要加上冠詞the。

14.單選題

AlthoughJohnson’sandSmith’sinitialfascinationwiththefortunesofthosejockeyingforpowerinthelawfirm（

）afterafewmonths,thetwopaidsufficientattentiontodeterminewhotheirlunchpartnersshouldbe.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.revived

B.persisted

C.intensified

D.flagged

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。revive“復(fù)興；蘇醒”；persist“堅(jiān)持”；intensify“增強(qiáng)，變激烈”；flag“減退”。句意：幾個(gè)月后，盡管Johnson和Smith對(duì)律師事務(wù)所中那些運(yùn)用手段圖謀權(quán)力的人的最初著迷減退了，但是這兩個(gè)人對(duì)于確定誰(shuí)應(yīng)該是他們的午餐伙伴的問(wèn)題上非常重視。由Although和initialfascination可知空格處所填單詞應(yīng)與initialfascination形成對(duì)比，故D項(xiàng)“減退”正確。

15.單選題

Asthesilentfilm（）sound,sodidthesoundfilm（）color.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.criedoutfor...criedoutfor

B.cryoutfor...cryoutfor

C.hadcriedoutfor...criedoutfor

D.hadcriedoutfor...cryoutfor

【答案】D

【解析】考查語(yǔ)法知識(shí)。綜合選項(xiàng)，可看出后半句是部分倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，因此第二空應(yīng)填動(dòng)詞原形，可排除A和C選項(xiàng)。前半句描述的事情發(fā)生在后半句之前，因此時(shí)態(tài)應(yīng)使用過(guò)去完成時(shí)表示，D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

Hurricanesarekillerwinds,andtheir（

）powerliesinthephysicaldamagetheycando.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.cumulative

B.destructive

C.turbulent

D.prevalent

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。cumulative意為“累積的”；destructive意為“破壞性的”；turbulent意為“騷亂的，混亂的”；prevalent意為“流行的，盛行的”。

句意：颶風(fēng)是致命風(fēng)，它們的破壞性力量在于它們所能造成的身體傷害。

17.單選題

TheFoodandDrugAdministrationsaidonWednesdaythatitistryingtotrackdownasmanyas386pigletsthatmayhavebeengeneticallyengineeredandwrongfullysoldintotheU.S.foodsupply.

ThefocusoftheFDAinvestigationisonpigsraisedbyresearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisinUrbanaChampaign.Theyengineeredtheanimalswithtwogenes:oneisacowgenethatincreasesmilkproductioninthesow;theother,asyntheticgene,makesthemilkeasierforpigletstodigest.Thegoalwastoraisebiggerpigsfaster.

Therehasbeennoevidencethateithergeneticallyalteredplantsoranimalsactuallytriggerhumanillness,butcriticswarnthatpotentialsideeffectsremainunknown.Universityofficialssaytheirtestsshowedthepigletswerenotbornwiththealteredgenes,butFDArulesrequireeventheoffspringofgeneticallyengineeredanimalstobedestroyedsotheywon’tgetintothefoodsupply.

TheFDA,inaquicklyarrangednewsconferenceonWednesdaypromptedbyinquiriesbyUSATODAY,saidtheUniversityofIllinoiswouldfacepossiblesanctionsandfinesforsellingthepigletstoalivestockbroker,whointurnsoldthemtoprocessingplants.

BoththeFDAandtheuniversitysaythepigsthatenteredthemarketdonotposearisktoconsumers.ButtheinvestigationfollowsactionbytheU.S.DepartmentofAgricultureinDecembertofineaTexascompanythatcontaminated500,000bushelsofsoybeanswithcomthathadbeengeneticallyalteredtoproduceavaccineforpigs.

Criticsseesuchcasesasevidenceoftheneedformoregovernmentoversightofaburgeoning(新興的)areaofscientificresearch.“Thisisasmallincident,butit’sincidentslikethisthatcoulddestroyconsumerconfidenceandexportconfidence”,saysStephanieChildsoftheGroceryManufacturersofAmerica.“WealreadyhaveEuropeshakyonbiotech.Thecountriestowhichweexportaregoingtolookatthis.”

TheUniversityofIllinoissaysittestedtheDNAofeverypigleteighttimestomakesurethattheanimalhadn’tinheritedthegeneticengineeringofitsmother.Thosepigletsthatdidwereputbackintothestudy.Thosethatdidn’tweresoldtothepigbroker.“Anypigthatwastestednegativeforthegenessince1999hasbeensentofftomarket”,saysCharlesZukoski,vicechancellorforresearch.

ButFDAdeputycommissionerLesterCrawfordsaysthatunderthetermsoftheuniversity’sagreementwiththeFDA,theresearcherswereforbiddentoremovethepigletswithoutFDAapproval.“TheUniversityofIllinoisfailedtocheckwithFDAtoseewhetherornottheanimalscouldbesoldontheopenmarket.Andtheywerenottobeusedunderanycircumstanceforfood.”

TheFDAisresponsibleforregulatingandoverseeingtransgenicanimalsbecausesuchgeneticmanipulationisconsideredanunapprovedanimaldrug.

1.The386pigletswrongfullysoldintofoodsupplyarefrom___.

2.Thepurposeofthetransgenicengineeringresearchisto___.

3.The4thparagraphshowsthattheUniversityofIllinois___.

4.TheFDAdeclaresthatthewrongfullysoldpiglets___.

5.Itcanbeinferredfromthispassagethat___.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Europe

B.anAmericanresearchorganization

C.ameatprocessingplant

D.ananimalfarm

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.getpigsoflargersizeinashortertime

B.makesowsproducemoremilk

C.makecowsproducemoremilk

D.makepigsgrowmoreleanmeat

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.wascriticizedbytheFDA

B.isingreattrouble

C.isrequiredbytheFDAtocallbackthesoldpiglets

D.mayhavetopaythepenalty

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.mayhavesideeffectsonconsumers

B.maybeharmfultoconsumers

C.aresafetoconsumers

D.maycausehumanillness

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.alltheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

B.partoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

C.noneoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

D.halfoftheoffspringhavetheirmothers’geneticengineering

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:A

第3題:D

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第一段TheFoodandDrugAdministrationsaidonWednesdaythatitistryingtotrackdownasmanyas386pigletsthatmayhavebeengeneticallyengineeredandwrongfullysoldintotheU.S.foodsupply.（美國(guó)食品和藥物管理局（FDA）周三表示，他們正在努力追查多達(dá)386只可能被轉(zhuǎn)基因并非法出售給美國(guó)食品供應(yīng)商的小豬）以及第二段第一句ThefocusoftheFDAinvestigationisonpigsraisedbyresearchersattheUniversityofIllinoisinUrbanaChampaign.（FDA調(diào)查的重點(diǎn)是伊利諾伊大學(xué)厄本那香檳分校的研究人員飼養(yǎng)的豬）可知選B選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)美國(guó)研究組織”；A選項(xiàng)“歐洲”，C選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)肉類加工廠”以及D選項(xiàng)“一個(gè)動(dòng)物農(nóng)場(chǎng)”都不符合原文。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第二段第二，三句Theyengineeredtheanimalswithtwogenes:oneisacowgenethatincreasesmilkproductioninthesow;theother,asyntheticgene,makesthemilkeasierforpigletstodigest.Thegoalwastoraisebiggerpigsfaster.（他們用兩個(gè)基因改造了這些動(dòng)物：一個(gè)是奶牛基因，可以增加母豬的產(chǎn)奶量；另一種是合成基因，使仔豬更容易消化牛奶。目標(biāo)是更快地飼養(yǎng)更大的豬）可知選A選項(xiàng)“在更短的時(shí)間內(nèi)得到更大的豬”，以及B選項(xiàng)“使母豬產(chǎn)更多的奶”錯(cuò)誤，B選項(xiàng)只是被改造的內(nèi)容，不是目標(biāo)；C選項(xiàng)“使奶牛產(chǎn)更多的牛奶”以及D選項(xiàng)“使豬長(zhǎng)出更多的瘦肉”不符合原文。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到第四段TheFDA,inaquicklyarrangednewsconferenceonWednesdaypromptedbyinquiriesbyUSATODAY,saidtheUniversityofIllinoiswouldfacepossiblesanctionsandfinesforsellingthepigletstoalivestockbroker,whointurnsoldthemtoprocessingplants.（在《今日美國(guó)》的詢問(wèn)促使下，F(xiàn)DA于周三迅速安排了一場(chǎng)新聞發(fā)布會(huì)，稱伊利諾伊大學(xué)將面臨可能的制裁和罰款，因?yàn)樗鼘⑦@些小豬賣給牲畜經(jīng)紀(jì)人，而后者又將它們賣給加工廠）可知選D選項(xiàng)“可能不得不支付罰款”；A選項(xiàng)“被FDA批評(píng)”，B選項(xiàng)“麻煩大了”以及C選項(xiàng)“FDA要求召回出售的仔豬”在原文都沒(méi)有體現(xiàn)。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)題干定位到第五段第一句BoththeFDAandtheuniversitysaythepigsthatenteredthemarketdonotposearisktoconsumers.（FDA和大學(xué)都表示，進(jìn)入市場(chǎng)的豬不會(huì)對(duì)消費(fèi)者構(gòu)成風(fēng)險(xiǎn)）可知選C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)消費(fèi)者是安全的”，以及B選項(xiàng)“可能對(duì)消費(fèi)者有害”錯(cuò)誤，和原文有悖；根據(jù)原文第三段第一句Therehasbeennoevidencethateithergeneticallyalteredplantsoranimalsactuallytriggerhumanillness,butcriticswarnthatpotentialsideeffectsremainunknown.（目前還沒(méi)有證據(jù)表明轉(zhuǎn)基因植物或動(dòng)物會(huì)引發(fā)人類疾病，但批評(píng)者警告說(shuō)，潛在的副作用仍然未知）可知A選項(xiàng)“可能對(duì)消費(fèi)者有副作用”，D選項(xiàng)“可能導(dǎo)致人類疾病”不符合原文，錯(cuò)誤。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。定位到原文第七段TheUniversityofIllinoissaysittestedtheDNAofeverypigleteighttimestomakesurethattheanimalhadn’tinheritedthegeneticengineeringofitsmother.Thosepigletsthatdidwereputbackintothestudy...“Anypigthatwastestednegativeforthegenessince1999hasbeensentofftomarket”,saysCharlesZukoski,vicechancellorforresearch.（伊利諾伊大學(xué)表示，他們對(duì)每只小豬的DNA進(jìn)行了8次測(cè)試，以確保這只動(dòng)物沒(méi)有繼承其母親的基因工程。這些小豬被放回研究中……負(fù)責(zé)研究的副校長(zhǎng)查爾斯?祖科斯基表示：“自1999年以來(lái)，任何檢測(cè)出該基因呈陰性的豬都將被送往市場(chǎng)?！保┛芍⒉皇敲恳恢恍∝i都會(huì)繼承母親的基因工程，選B選項(xiàng)“部分后代有他們母親的基因工程”；A選項(xiàng)“所有的后代都有他們母親的基因工程”，C選項(xiàng)“沒(méi)有一個(gè)后代有他們母親的基因工程”以及D選項(xiàng)“一半的后代有他們母親的基因工程”都和原文不符。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Althoughwefeeldissatisfiedwiththeelectionresults,wehavetobecomereconciled（）thedecisionmadebyourfellowcountrymen.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.for

B.on

C.to

D.in

【答案】C

【解析】reconcileto為固定搭配,

表示“順從于”。句意：雖然我們對(duì)選舉結(jié)果感到不滿意,

但是我們不得不順從于我們的同胞們作出的決定。

19.單選題

Whenyouleaveajobwithatraditionalpension,don'tassumeyou'velostthechancetocollectit.You'reentitledtowhateverbenefityou'veearned——andyoumightevenbeentitledtotakeitnow.“Alotofpeopleforgettheyhaveit,ortheythinkthatbywaitinguntilthey're65,they'llhaveabiggerbenefit,”saysWayneBogosian,presidentofthePFEGroup,whichprovidescorporatepre-retirementeducation.

Yourformeremployersshouldsendyouacertificatethatsayshowmuchyourpensionisworth.Ifit'slessthan$5,000,orifthecompanyoffersalump-sumpayout,itwillgenerallycloseyouraccountandcashyouout.Itmaynotseemlikemuch,but$5,000investedover20yearsateightpercentinterestis$23,000.Ifyourpensionisworthmorethan$5,000,oryourcompanydoesn'tofferthelump-sumoption,findouthowmuchmoneyyou'reeligibleforattheplan'snormalretirementage,theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.You'llprobablystillcomeoutaheadbytakingthemoneynowandinvestingit.

Whatifyouleftajobyearsago,andyou'rerealizingyoumayhaveunwittinglyleftbehindapension?GethelpfromthePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporation.Ithasanonlinesearchtoolthathashelpedlocate$47millioninlostbenefitsformorethan12,000workers.

Ifyouhaveatraditionalpension,retiringearlycostsmorethanyoumightexpect.Mostpeopleassumeyoutakeaproportionalcutforleavingbeforeyourplan'snormalretirementage.Forexample,youmightthinkthatifyouneedtoaccrue30yearsofserviceandyouleavethreeyearsearly,you'dgetapension90percentofthefullamount.

Butthat'snothowitworks.Instead,youtakeanactuarialreduction,determinedbytheemployerbutoftenaroundfivepercentayear,foreachyearyouleaveearly.Soretiringthreeyearsearlycouldleaveyouwithonly85percentofthetotalamount.

Whenyouretireearlywithadefined-contributionplan,theproblemisyoustartspendinginvestmentsonwhichyoucouldbeearninginterest.Ifyouretirewhenyou're55,forexample,andstartusingthetraditionalpensionthen,byage65you'llhaveonlyabouthalfofwhatyouwouldhavehadifyou'dkeptworkinguntil65.

1.Whenoneleavesajobwithatraditionalpension,（）

2.Ifoneleavesearlybeforehisplan'snormalretirementage,（）

3.Ifoneretiresearlywithadefined-contributionplan,heisexpectedto（）

4.Whichofthefollowingcanbeusedasthesubtitleforthelastthreeparagraphs?

5.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.hetendstoforgetthathehasthepension

B.hehasnorighttoaskforthepension

C.he'llhaveabiggerbenefitthanifhewaitsuntiltheageof65

D.hehasaspecifiedworthofpension

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.he'lltake90percentofthetotalamountofhispension

B.he'llhavehalfofhispensionpayments

C.he'llhavehispensionpaymentreducedby5%ayear

D.he'llhaveonly85percentofhisfullpension

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.earnlessinterest.

B.bebetteroffthanwithatraditionalpension.

C.startinvestmentimmediately.

D.getlessSocialSecuritybenefits.

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.YourPayoutIsNotGuaranteed.

B.TheRetirementDilemma.

C.LeaveEarly,LoseBig.

D.TakethePensionwithYou.

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.Ifoneleaves3yearsearlyona30-year-servicebasis,hewon'tgetapensionworth27/30ths.

B.Itpaystogetanearlyretirementifoneunderstandshowretirementpensionplanworks.

C.ThePensionBenefitGuarantyCorporationhelpstheretireetorecoverlastbenefits.

D.Ifonekeepshisexpenseswithinhisretirementframework,hewon'tbeseverelyaffected.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】第1題:根據(jù)第一段，當(dāng)一個(gè)人帶著傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金離開(kāi)工作崗位時(shí)，他會(huì)有一定金額的養(yǎng)老金。選項(xiàng)D正確。

第2題:根據(jù)第五段的第二句，相反，你可以根據(jù)雇主的決定得到5%左右的精算減值。選項(xiàng)C正確。

第3題:根據(jù)最后一段，當(dāng)你提前退休并制定固定繳款計(jì)劃時(shí)，問(wèn)題是你開(kāi)始把錢(qián)花在可以賺取利息的投資上，如果你在55歲退休，開(kāi)始使用傳統(tǒng)的養(yǎng)老金，到65歲時(shí)，你將只有你一直工作到65歲時(shí)的一半。選項(xiàng)A正確。

第4題:根據(jù)最后三段的內(nèi)容可知，主要是講提前退休將會(huì)損失更多，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

第5題:根據(jù)第二段“theearlierageatwhichyoucancollectthepension,themoreseverepenaltyforcollectingitearly.”所以選項(xiàng)B錯(cuò)誤。

20.單選題

Athometheirlossestofarmingandindustryhadtobemadegood,asfaraspossible,withmoreforeignworkersandprisoners-of-war.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.compensated

B.constructedwell

C.managedproperly

D.terminated

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)compensate“補(bǔ)償”；B選項(xiàng)constructwell“構(gòu)造得很好”；C選項(xiàng)manageproperly“妥善處理”；D選項(xiàng)terminate“使終止；使結(jié)束；解雇”。句意：在國(guó)內(nèi)，他們?cè)谵r(nóng)業(yè)和工業(yè)上的損失必須盡可能用更多的外國(guó)工人和戰(zhàn)俘來(lái)彌補(bǔ)。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞madegood“補(bǔ)償”，得知A為正確答案。

21.單選題

Smokingissohar