考研考博-英語-商丘學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-商丘學院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點押密(共120題)1.單選題

Whiletyping,Helenhasahabitofstopping（）togiveherlongandflowinghairasmooth.

問題1選項

A.occasionally

B.simultaneously

C.eventually

D.promptly

【答案】A

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項occasionally“偶爾，間或”；B選項simultaneously“同時”；C選項eventually“最后，終于”；D選項promptly“迅速地，立即地”。句意：海倫打字時，習慣_____停下來梳理一下她那飄逸的長發(fā)。這里表示的是“偶爾停下來”，因此A選項符合題意。

2.單選題

ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.Smallwonder.Americans,lifeexpectancyhasnearlydoubledoverthepastcentury.Failinghipscanbereplaced,clinicaldepressioncontrolled,cataractsremovedina30-minutesurgicalprocedure.SuchadvancesoffertheagingpopulationaqualityoflifethatwasunimaginablewhenIenteredmedicine50yearsago.Butnotevenagreathealth-caresystemcancuredeath—andourfailuretoconfrontthatrealitynowthreatensthisgreatnessofours.

Deathisnormal;wearegeneticallyprogrammedtodisintegrateandperish,evenunderidealconditions.Weallunderstandthatatsomelevel,yetasmedicalconsumerswetreatdeathasaproblemtobesolved.Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.

In1950,theU.S.spent$12.7billiononhealthcare.In2002,thecostwillbe$1,540billion.Anyonecanseethistrendisunsustainable.Yetfewseemwillingtotrytoreverseit.Somescholarsconcludethatagovernmentwithfiniteresourcesshouldsimplystoppayingformedicalcarethatsustainslifebeyondacertainage—say83orso.FormerColoradogovernorRichardLammhasbeenquotedassayingthattheoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”，sothatyounger,healthierpeoplecanrealizetheirpotential.

Iwouldnotgothatfar.Energeticpeoplenowroutinelyworkthroughtheir60sandbeyond,andremaindazzlinglyproductive.At78,ViacomchairmanSumnerRedstonejokinglyclaimstobe53.SupremeCourtJusticeSandraDayO’Connorisinher70s,andformersurgeongeneralC.EverettKoopchairsanInternetstart-upinhis80s.Theseleadersarelivingproofthatpreventionworksandthatwecanmanagethehealthproblemsthatcomenaturallywithage.Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.

Yettherearelimitstowhatasocietycanspendinthispursuit.Askaphysician,Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful.IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.Asanation,wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycureswhileunderfundingresearchonhumblertherapiesthatcouldimprovepeople’slives.

1.Whatisimpliedinthefirstsentence?

2.Theauthorusestheexampleofcancerpatientstoshowthat（

）.

3.Theauthor’sattitudetowardRichardLamm’sremarkisoneof

（

）.

4.IncontrasttotheU.S.,JapanandSwedenarefundingtheirmedicalcare

（

）.

5.Thetextintendstoexpresstheideathat（

）.

問題1選項

A.Americansarebetterpreparedfordeaththanotherpeople

B.Americansenjoyahigherlifequalitythaneverbefore

C.Americansareover-confidentoftheirmedicaltechnology

D.Americanstakeavainprideintheirlonglifeexpectancy

問題2選項

A.medicalresourcesareoftenwasted

B.sometreatmentsaretooaggressive

C.doctorsarehelplessagainstfataldiseases

D.medicalcostsarebecomingunaffordable

問題3選項

A.strongdisapproval

B.reservedconsent

C.Slightcontempt

D.enthusiasticsupport

問題4選項

A.moreflexibly

B.moreextravagantly

C.morecautiously

D.morereasonably

問題5選項

A.medicinewillfurtherprolongpeople’slives

B.lifebeyondacertainlimitisnotworthliving

C.deathshouldbeacceptedasafactoflife

D.excessivedemandsincreasethecostofhealthcare

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:D

第5題:C

【解析】1.推理判斷題。由文章第一段中的ItissaidthatinEnglanddeathispressing,inCanadainevitableandinCaliforniaoptional.（據(jù)說在英國死亡是迫在眉睫的，在加拿大死亡是不可避免的，在加利福尼亞死亡是可選擇的）以及其后介紹的醫(yī)療技術(shù)的進步，使美國人在過去的一個世紀里，預(yù)期壽命幾乎翻了一翻，因此C選項“美國人對他們的醫(yī)療技術(shù)過于自信”符合題意。

2.推理判斷題。由文章第二段中的Deathisnormal...Shieldedbythird-partypayersfromthecostofourcare,wedemandeverythingthatcanpossiblybedoneforus,evenifit’suseless.Themostobviousexampleislate-stagecancercare.Physicians—frustratedbytheirinabilitytocurethediseaseandfearinglossofhopeinthepatient—toooftenofferaggressivetreatmentfarbeyondwhatisscientificallyjustified.（死亡是正常的……我們要求一切可以為我們做的事情，即使它是無用的。最明顯的例子是晚期癌癥護理。醫(yī)生們因無法治愈疾病而感到沮喪，并且擔心病人失去希望，他們常常采用遠遠超出科學依據(jù)的極端治療）可知A選項“醫(yī)療資源經(jīng)常被浪費”符合題意。

3.觀點態(tài)度題。根據(jù)題干關(guān)鍵詞Lamm定位到文章第三段中，可知Lamm的觀點是theoldandinfirm“haveadutytodieandgetoutoftheway”（年老體弱的人有義務(wù)死亡，以免擋住道路）。由第四段中的Iwouldnotgothatfar...Asamere68-year-old,Iwishtoageasproductivelyastheyhave.（我不會走這么遠……作為一個只有68歲的人，我希望能像他們一樣富有成效地衰老）和最后一段中的Iknowthemostcostlyanddramaticmeasuresmaybeineffectiveandpainful...wemaybeoverfundingthequestforunlikelycures（我知道最昂貴和最戲劇性的措施可能是無效和痛苦的……我們可能為尋求不太可能治愈的方法提供了過多的資金）可推測作者基本同意Lamm的觀點，但仍然有所保留，因此選B。

4.推理判斷題。由文章最后一段中的IalsoknowthatpeopleinJapanandSweden,countriesthatspendfarlessonmedicalcare,haveachievedlonger,healthierlivesthanwehave.（我還知道，日本和瑞典的人們在醫(yī)療上花費更少，他們的壽命比我們的更長，更健康）可知D選項“更合理”符合題意。

5.主旨大意題。文章第一段提出盡管有一個偉大的醫(yī)療衛(wèi)生體系，但死亡不可避免；第二段提出死亡是正常的，但我們卻想盡一切方法來延緩生命；第三段提出醫(yī)療資源不應(yīng)該被浪費在一些沒有挽救意義的人身上；第四段提出老年人的生活也可以是有價值的；第五段指出壽命的長短，依靠的不僅僅是醫(yī)療資源，應(yīng)該合理使用。故本文旨在說明人們要勇于接受死亡，因此C選項“死亡應(yīng)該被接受為生活中的事實”符合題意。

3.單選題

Untilrecently,womeninadvertisementswereoneofthreethings—anapron,aglamorousdressorafrown.Althoughthatisnowchanging,manywomenstillfeelangryenoughtodefaceoffendingadvertisementswithstickersprotesting,“Thisaddegradeswomen.”Whydoesthissortofadvertisingexist?Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer?

TheAdvertisingStandardsAuthority(thebodywhichdealswithcomplaintsaboutprintmedia)iscarryingoutaresearchintohowwomenfeelaboutthewaytheyareportrayedinadvertisements.Itsconclusionsarelikelytobewhattheadvertisingindustryalreadyknows:althoughwomenareoftenirritatedbythewaytheyareseeninads,fewfeelstronglyenoughtocomplain.

Womenarenottheonlyvictimsofpoorandboringstereotypes—inmanyTVcommercialsmenareseeneitherasuseless,childishoafs(笨蛋)whoareunabletoperformthesimplesthouseholdtasks,orasinconsiderateboors,permanentlyonthelookoutforanescapetothepub.Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.

YetaccordingtoEmmaBennett,executivecreativedirectorofaLondonadvertisingagency,womenarenotinfuriatedbystereotypesandsexistadvertising.Ittendstowashoverthem,theyarenotmilitantorangry—theyjustfinditannoyingortiresome.Theyreluctantlyacceptoutdatedstereotypes,butheaveasighofreliefwhenanadvertisementreallygetsitright.

Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.“Researchershaveoftenaskedthewrongquestions.Themostimportantthingistheadvertisement’stoneofvoice.Womenhatebeingpatronized,flatteredorgivendesperatelydown-to-earthcommonsenseadvice.”

Intheend,theresponsibilityforgoodadvertisingmustbesharedbetweentheadvertiser,theadvertisingagencyandtheconsumer.Advertisingdoesnotsettrendsbutitreflectsthem.Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.

1.Despiterecentchangesinattitudes,someadvertisementsstillfailto（

）.

2.Accordingtothewriter,thecommonestfaultofpresent-dayadvertisingisto（

）.

3.EmmaBennettsuggeststhatadvertisementoughtto（

）.

4.Ultimatelytheadvertisingindustryshould（

）.

5.Theauthorseemstosuggestthatinordertoimproveadvertisingthecustomershould（

）.

問題1選項

A.changewomen’sopinionsofthemselves

B.meettheneedsoftheadvertisingindustry

C.persuadethepublictobuycertainproducts

D.showanyunderstandingofwomen’sfeelings

問題2選項

A.presentamisleadingimageofwomen

B.ignoreprotestsagainstadvertisements

C.misrepresenttheactivitiesofmen

D.condemntheroleofthehousewife

問題3選項

A.usemaleimagesinsteadoffemaleones

B.givefurtheremphasistopracticaladvice

C.changetheirstyleratherthantheircontent

D.paymorecomplimentstowomenthanbefore

問題4選項

A.takeitsjobmoreearnestly

B.domorepioneeringwork

C.takenoticeofthepublicopinion

D.concentrateontheproductsadvertised

問題5選項

A.takenonoticeofwhatisreflectedinads

B.remindadvertisersofwhathavebeenoverlooked

C.takeoverthemanagementofadvertisingagencies

D.refusetobuyproductsmisrepresentedbysomeads

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】1.【試題答案】D

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第一段最后一句中“Howcanadvertisersandadagenciesstillproduce,sometimes,aftermonthsofresearch,advertisingthatoffendstheconsumer？廣告商和廣告公司怎么能在經(jīng)過數(shù)月的研究之后，還能生產(chǎn)出冒犯消費者的廣告呢？”可推知一些廣告仍然沒有對消費者的感受表示出任何理解的跡象，故答案選D。

2.【試題答案】A

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第三段“Butitiswomenwhoseemtobearthebruntoftheindustry’sapparentinabilitytoputpeopleintoanauthenticpresent-daycontext.但是，女性似乎首當其沖地承受著這個行業(yè)明顯的無能，無法將人們置于真實的當今環(huán)境中?！笨赏浦髡哒J為當前的廣告最普遍的錯誤就是沒有把女性放在真實的處境中，呈現(xiàn)出不真實的女性形象，答案選A。

3.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。定位到文章第五段第一句“Shesaysthatitisnotadvertising’suseofthehousewiferolethatbotherswomen,butthewayinwhichitishandled.她說，困擾女性的并不是廣告對家庭主婦角色的使用，而是在于處理它的方式?！庇纱丝赏茢嗨ㄗh廣告應(yīng)該改變方式，而不是內(nèi)容，故答案選C。

4.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。結(jié)合文章最后一段可知優(yōu)秀的廣告應(yīng)該由廣告商、廣告機構(gòu)和消費者共同完成，由此可推斷廣告業(yè)應(yīng)該注重民意。答案選C。

5.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】細節(jié)事實題。定位到文章最后一段“Itisuptotheconsumertotelladvertiserswheretheyfail,anduntilpeopleonthereceivingendtakethebusinessseriouslyandmaketheirfeelingsknown,theprocessofchangewillremainlaboriouslyslow.消費者應(yīng)該告訴廣告商他們失敗的地方；而改變的過程將會非常緩慢，直到作為接受方的消費者認真對待這件事，并讓他們的感覺被廣告商知道?！庇纱丝芍鸢高xB。

4.單選題

Thedoctorsareverymuchworriedaboutthe（）ofthepatient’sconditionafteroperation.

問題1選項

A.disposition

B.deliberation

C.deterioration

D.diversion

【答案】C

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。disposition“處置,性情”;deliberation“審議,考慮”;deterioration“惡化,退化”;diversion“消遣,轉(zhuǎn)移注意力”。句意:醫(yī)生非常擔心病人手術(shù)后情況會惡化。選項C符合句意。

5.單選題

Idon'tthinkJohnsonwillsucceedinhisnewjob,forheisnot（

）tothattypeofwork.

問題1選項

A.compatible

B.convenient

C.consistent

D.competent

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。compatible意為“兼容的，相容的”；convenient意為“方便的”；consistent意為“與……一致的，相符的”；competent意為“有能力的，能勝任的”。

句意：我認為Johnson在他的新工作上不會成功的，因為他不能勝任那種類型的工作。

6.單選題

TheRosettastonethwartedscholars’effortsforseveraldecadesuntiltheearlynineteenthcenturywhenseveralkeyhieroglyphicphrasesweredecodedusingtheGreekinscription.

問題1選項

A.stimulated

B.influenced

C.frustrated

D.encouraged

【答案】C

【解析】考查動詞辨析。題干thwarted“阻止；阻撓”。A項“激發(fā)；激勵”，B項“影響”，C項“使沮喪；阻止；防止”，D項“支持；鼓勵”。因此選C。句意：羅塞塔石碑阻礙了學者們數(shù)十年的努力，直到19世紀初，希臘文字才對幾個關(guān)鍵的象形文字進行了解碼。

7.不定項選擇題

Mostofushaveseenadogstaringat,sometimessnarlingat,andapproachingareflectionofitself.Formostanimals,seeingtheirownimageinamirroractsasasocialstimulus.Butdoesthedogrecognizeitself,ordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionorthreat?Thisquestionisofinterestforanumberofreasons.Apartfromcuriosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understanding,researchonself-recognitioninanimalhasseveralbenefits.Itprovidessomeinsightintotheevolutionarysignificanceofthisskillofself-recognitionandintothelevelandkindsofcognitivecompetencethattheskillrequires.Suchresearchalsoindicatesthekindsoflearningexperiencesthatdeterminethedevelopmentofself-recognition.Inaddition,workwithanimalsfosterstheuseoftechniquesthatarenotdependentonverbalresponsesandthatmaythereforebesuitableforusewithpreverbalchildren.

Theevidenceindicatesthatdogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.Inaseriesofcleverexperiments,however,Galluphasshownthatthechimpanzeedoeshavethiscapacity.Gallupexposedchimpanzeesinasmallcagetoafull-lengthmirrorfortenconsecutivedays.Itwasobservedthatoverthisperiodoftimethenumberofself-directedresponsesincreased.Thesebehaviorsincludedgroomingpartsofthebodywhilewatchingtheresults,guidingfingersinthemirror,andpickingatteethwiththeaidofthemirror.Describingonechimp,Gallupsaid,“Margeusedthemirrortoplaywithandinspectthebottomofherfeet;shealsolookedatherselfupsidedowninthemirrorwhilesuspendedbyherfeetfromthetopofthecage;shewasalsoobservedtostuffceleryleavesuphernoseusingthemirrorforpurposesofvisuallyguidingthestemsintoeachnostril.”

Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofself-recognition.Thechimpswereanesthetizedandmarkswereplacedovertheireyebrowsandbehindtheirears,areasthechimpscouldnotdirectlyobserve.Themirrorwastemporarilyremovedfromthecage,andbaselinedataregardingtheirattemptstotouchtheseareaswererecorded.Thedataclearlysuggestthatchimpsdorecognizethemselves,orareself-aware,fortheirattemptstotouchthemarksincreasedwhentheyviewedthemselves.Citingfurtherevidenceforthisargument,Gallupnotedthatchimpanzeeswithnopriormirrorexperiencedidnotdirectbehaviortothemarkswhentheywerefirstexposedtothemirror;thatis,theotherchimpanzeesappearedtohaverememberedwhattheylookedlikeandtohaverespondedtothemarksbecausetheynoticedchangesintheirappearance.

1.Theideathispassagediscussesiswhether（）.

2.ThefirstsentenceofParagraph2(“Theevidenceindicates...”)maybeinterpretedtomeanthatnearlyallanimalshave（）.

3.Theword“prior”(inlastparagraph)canbestbereplacedby（）.

4.Thewritersofthispassageprobably（）.

5.Theauthor’spurposeinthispassageisto（）.

問題1選項

A.dogsrecognizethemselvesinminors

B.thegroomingpracticesofchimpscanbealtered

C.nonhumanshaveaself-concept

D.chimpschangetheirbehaviorwhenamirrorispresent

問題2選項

A.someself-concept

B.noself-concept

C.anawarenessoftheusesofmirrors

D.afearofmirrors

問題3選項

A.“important”

B.“rich”

C.“former”

D.“temporary”

問題4選項

A.preferdogstochimps

B.havedonemoreresearchwithchimpsthandogs

C.enjoyedtheexperienceinvolvedinworkingwithanimals

D.wanttoseemoreresearchinnonhumanself-awareness

問題5選項

A.comparedogbehaviortochimpbehavior

B.defendanidea

C.explorerecentresearchnononhumanself-awareness

D.evaluateahypothesis

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第五句“Apartfromcuriosityaboutthelevelofanimals’understanding,researchonself-recognitioninanimalhasseveralbenefits.除了對動物認知水平的好奇，對動物自我認知的研究還有很多好處?！笔俏恼掠懻摰挠^點，可知C項“非人類有自我意識”與原文相符。A項“狗認出鏡子中的自己”；B項“黑猩猩梳毛的習慣可以改變”；D項“黑猩猩在有鏡子時會改變自己的行為”。因此C選項正確。

第2題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第二段第一句“Theevidenceindicatesthatdogsandalmostallothernonhumansdonotrecognizethemselves.該證據(jù)表明，狗和幾乎所有其他非人類動物都不認識自己?！笨芍狟項“沒有自我意識”與原文相符。A項“一些自我意識”；C項“對鏡子使用的認識”；D項“害怕鏡子”。因此B選項正確。

第3題:詞匯題。單詞prior的意思是“較早的；先前的”，因此C項“先前的”正確。A項“重要的”；B項“富有的；豐富的”；D項“暫時的”。因此C選項正確。

第4題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章最后一段第一句“Thentheresearchersdevisedafurthertestofself-recognition.然后，研究人員設(shè)計了一個進一步的自我認知測試?！焙腿膰@“動物是否有自我意識”來敘述可知作者“想看到更多關(guān)于非人類自我意識的研究”，D選項符合題意。A項“相比黑猩猩更喜歡狗”；B項“對黑猩猩的研究多于對狗的研究”；C項“喜歡與動物打交道的經(jīng)歷”。因此D選項正確。

第5題:推理判斷題。由題干定位到文章第一段第三句“Butdoesthedogrecognizeitself,ordoesthereflectionsimplysignalapotentialcompanionorthreat?但是，狗能認出自己嗎？還是說，反射只是一個潛在的同伴或威脅的信號？”和全文圍繞“動物是否有自我意識”來敘述可知D項“評估一種假設(shè)”與原文相符。A項“比較狗和黑猩猩的行為”；B項“維護一個觀點”；C項“探索有關(guān)非人類自我意識的最近研究”。因此D選項正確。

8.單選題

"Museum"isaslipperyword.Itfirstmeant(inGreek)anythingconsecratedtothe

Muses:ahill,ashrine,agarden,afestivalorevenatextbook.BothPlato'sAcademyandAristotle’sLyceumhadamouseion,amusesshrineAlthoughtheCreeksalreadycollecteddetachedworksofart,manytemples-notablythatofHeraatOlympiabeforewhichtheOlympicflameisstilllithadcollectionsofobjects,someofwhichwereworksofartbywellknownmasters,whilepaintingsandsculpturesintheAlexandrianMuseumwereincidentaltoitsmainpurpose.

TheRomansalsocollectedandexhibitedartfromdisbandedtemples,aswellasmineralspecimens,exoticplants,animals;andtheyplunderedsculpturesandpaintings"(mostlyGreek)forexhibition.Meanwhile,theGreekwordhadslippedintoLatinbytransliteration(thoughnottosignifypicturegalleries,whichwerecalledpinacothecae)andmuseumstillmoreorlessmeant“Muses-shrine”.

Theinspirational-collectionsofpreciousandsemi-preciousobjectswerekeptinlargerchurchesandmonasteries-whichfocusedonthegold-enshrined,bejeweledrelicsofsaintsandmartyrsprinces,andlatermerchants,hadsimilarcollections,whichbecamethedepositsofnaturalcuriosities:largelumpsofamberorcoral,irregularpearls,unicornhorns,ostricheggs,fossilbonesandsoon.Theyalsoincludedcoinsandgems-oftenantiqueengravedones-aswellas,increasingly,paintingsandsculptures.Astheymultipliedandexpanded,tosupplementthem,theskillofthefakersgrewincreasinglyrefined.

Atthesametime,visitorscouldadmiretheverygrandestpaintingsandsculpturesinthechurches,palacesandcastles;theywerenot"collected"either,but’’site-specific”，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothoffabricofthebuildingsandofthewayoflifewhichwentoninsidethem-andmostofthebuildingwerepublicones.However,duringtherevivalofantiquityinthefifteenthcentury,fragmentsofantiquesculptureweregivenhigherstatusthantheworkofanycontemporarysothatdisplaysofantiquitieswouldinspireartiststoimitation,orevenbetter,toimitation,andsocouldbe]consideredMuses-shrinesintheformersense.TheMedicigardennearSanMarcoinFlorence,TheBelvedereandtheCapitalinRomewerethemostfamousofsuchearly"inspirational"collections.Soontheymultiplied,and,gradually,exemplary"modem"workswerealsoaddedtosuchgalleries

Intheseventeenthcentury,scientificandprestigecollectingbecamesowidespreadthatthreeorfourcollectorsindependentlypublisheddirectoriestomuseumsallovertheknownworld.Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceived:thefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancoiswasthemostfamousThen,inthefirsthalfofthenineteenthcentury,museumfundingtookoff,alliedtotheriseofnewwealth:LondonacquiredtheNationalGalleryandtheBritishMuseum,theLouvrewasorganized,theMmseum-InselwasbeguninBerlin,andtheMunichgallerieswerebuilt.InVienna,thehugeKunsthistorischesandNaturhistorischesMuseumstookovermuchoftheimperialtreasure.Meanwhile,thedeclineofcraftsmanship(andofpublictastewithit)inspiredthecreationof"improving”collections.TheVictoriaandAlbertMuseuminLondonwasthemostfamous,aswellasperhapsthelargestofthem.

1.Thesentence"Museumisaslipperyword”inthefirstparagraphmeansthat（

）.

2.Paintingsandsculpturesondisplayinchurchesinthe15thcenturywere

（

）.

3.Modemmuseumscameintoexistenceinorderto

（

）.

4.Whichisthemainideaofthepassage?

問題1選項

A.themeaningoftheworddidn'tchangeuntilafterthe15thcentury

B.themeaningofthewordhadchangedovertheyears

C.theGreekshelddifferentconceptsfromtheRomans

D.princesandmerchantsaddedpaintingstotheircollections

問題2選項

A.collectedfromelsewhere

B.boughtbychurches

C.donatedbypeople

D.madepartofthebuildings

問題3選項

A.protectroyalandchurchtreasures

B.improvecollations

C.stimulatepublicinterest

D.raisemorefunds

問題4選項

A.CollectionandCollectors

B.ModemMuseumsandTheirFunctions

C.TheEvolutionofMuseums

D.TheBirthofMuseums

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:C

【解析】1.句義推測題。根據(jù)文章大意可知文章主旨在于介紹museum一詞隨著時代的發(fā)展在詞義方面的演變，所以題干中的“Museumisaslipperyword”意指museum一詞的意思隨著歲月的變遷發(fā)生了改變，B選項正確。

2.細節(jié)事實題。根據(jù)文章第四段的第二句‘"theywerenot‘collected’either,but‘site-specific’，andwereconsideredanintegralpartbothofthefabricofthebuildingsand...”“他們不是從其他地方收集起來的而是地方性的并且和建筑物是一體的……”可以排除A選項“從其他地方收集的”并且確定D選項“作為建筑物的一部分”正確。B選項和C選項沒有在文章中提到。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)文章最后一段的第二句“Butitwastheageofrevolutionsandindustrywhichproducedthenextsharpshiftinthewaytheinstitutionwasperceivedthefuryagainstroyalandchurchmonumentspromptedantiquarianstosheltertheminasylum-galleries,ofwhichtheMuseedesMonumentsFrancaiswasthemostfamous.”“工業(yè)革命時代社會仇視皇室和教堂的紀念物，這促使古文物收藏家們將它們放到了可以起保護作用的收藏館，其中最有名的收藏館就是MuseedesMonumentsFrancais”確定A選項‘保護王室和教會的財富’正確。

4.標題歸納題。全文介紹了museum一詞意義的變化過程，以及museum一詞現(xiàn)代意義的由來。所以C選項正確。其它三項都只是介紹museum一詞的意義變化時提到的例子，不能作為全文標題。

9.單選題

問題1選項

A.Hecrashedhistruck

B.Heinjuredhisspineinanearthquake

C.Hebrokehisarminacarcrash

D.Hesufferedanaccident

問題2選項

A.ltiseasytobeabsorbed

B.ltcangrowveryfast

C.lthasahighrateoffusion

D.ltcanformthenewbone

問題3選項

A.ltisanewlyinventedbiologicagent

B.ThebonecannotfusetogetherwithoutNanoFuse

C.TheboneandNanoFusecanfuseintonewbone

D.WiththehelpofNanoFuse,patientscanrecoververysoon

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:C

第3題:D

【解析】第1題:第一句即提到“seriouslyinjuredinatruckcrash”，說明他遭遇了交通事故。因此D選項正確。

第2題:文中說到：OnceNanofuseisused,newbonesoonstartstoform（一旦使用納米融合，新骨很快就開始形成），說明它能使新骨頭形成，因此C選項正確。

第3題:患者可以很快康復(fù)。文中說到：Nanofusehasahighrateoffusion,sopatientsareabletogrowtheirownbonesinashortperiodoftime（Nanofuse具有很高的融合率，因此患者能夠在短時間內(nèi)生長自己的骨頭），說明這個技術(shù)可以使患者很快康復(fù)，因此D選項符合題意。

10.單選題

Thewoodwassorottenthat,whenwepulled,it（）intofragments.

問題1選項

A.brokeaway

B.brokeoff

C.brokeup

D.brokethrough

【答案】C

【解析】短語辨析。句意：木頭腐爛成那樣了，我們拉它的時候，它就

片了。

brokeaway脫離，放棄，裂開；brokeoff折斷，突然停止；brokeup分手，破碎；brokethrough突破。

后半句有一個“fragments（碎片）”,C項符合句意。雖然A項breakaway也可表示“弄碎”的意思，但后面一般不與“into（sth.）”連用。

11.單選題

Feelingmoreandmore______,Nikiembracedthevibrantandstrong-wingedbutterflyashersymbolofnew-foundindependence.

問題1選項

A.cynical

B.abridged

C.accessible

D.autonomous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項cynical“憤世嫉俗的，冷嘲的”，B項abridged“刪節(jié)的，削減的”，C項accessible“易接近的，可進入的”，D項autonomous“自治的，自主的”。由independence（獨立）可知，對應(yīng)D項符合。句意：感覺越來越自主，尼基接受了充滿活力和有強壯翅膀的蝴蝶作為她新獲得的獨立的象征。因此，該題選擇D項。

12.單選題

EachMondayinfour（）weeksiscalledfour（）Mondays.

問題1選項

A.successive,consecutive

B.continuous,consecutive

C.consecutive,successive

D.consecutive,continuous

【答案】C

【解析】考查近義詞辨析。successive，consecutive，continuous都有“連續(xù)的”的意思，successive側(cè)重指一個接著一個連續(xù)發(fā)生；consecutive側(cè)重指事情按照次序連續(xù)發(fā)生，強調(diào)連貫性；continuous強調(diào)一件事情在不斷地進行著，沒有間斷。句意：連續(xù)四周的每個星期一被稱為連續(xù)四個星期一。連續(xù)四周指的是按照次序連貫的四周，用consecutive表示，連續(xù)四個星期一指有先有后，依次發(fā)生的星期一，用successive表示。因此C選項正確。

13.單選題

Heis

theonlypersonwhocan（）in

thiscasebecausetheotherwitnesseswerekilledmysteriously.

問題1選項

A.testify

B.charge

C.accuse

D.rectify

【答案】A

【解析】testify作證；charge起訴；accuse指控；rectify修正。句意：他是唯一能為此案作證的人,因為其他證人都被神秘地殺害了。選項A符合句意。

14.單選題

Becausethedemandofcoaldecreased,manyminersbecame（）.

問題1選項

A.indignant

B.extraneous

C.immaterial

D.redundant

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A選項indignant“憤憤不平的”；B選項extraneous“外來的；沒有關(guān)聯(lián)的”；C選項immaterial“非物質(zhì)的；無形的；不重要的；非實質(zhì)的”；D選項redundant“多余的，過剩的；被解雇的，失業(yè)的；冗長的”。句意：因為煤炭的需求下降，所以很多煤礦工人變得失業(yè)。結(jié)合句意，判斷出選項D正確。

15.填空題

Ahealthydietwithpropernutritionisessentialformaintaininggoodoverallhealth.（1）itwasdiscoveredearlierinthiscentury,peoplehaveroutinely

（2）takingsupplementsforthispurpose.TheRecommendedDietaryAllowance(RDA)isausednutritional

（3）

formaintainingoptimalhealth.TheRDAspecifiestherecommended

（4）ofanumberofnutrientsforpeople

（5）manydifferentageandsexgroups.TheNationalResearchCouncil’sCommitteeonDietandHealth（6）proposedadefinitionoftheRDAtobethatamountofanutrient

（7）meetstheneedsof98percentofthepopulation.TheRDAapproachhasanumberofshortcomings.First,itis

（8）

ontheassumptionthat

（9）ispossibletoaccuratelydefinenutritionalrequirementsforagivengroup.

（10），individualnutritional（11）canvarywidelywithineachgroup.Theefficiencywithwhichapersonconvertsfoodintake

（12）nutrientscanalsovarywidely.Certainfoodswheneatenincombinationactually

（13）theabsorptionofnutrients.Forexample,spinachcombinedwithmilkreducestheamountofcalciumavailabletothebody（14）

themilk.Also,theRDAapproachspecifiesadifferentdietaryrequirementforeachageand

（15）.

【答案】（1）since

（2）been

（3）guideline或reference

（4）intake

（5）of

（6）has

（7）which

（8）based

（9）it

（10）second

（11）needs

（12）into

（13）affect

（14）in

（15）sex

【解析】（1）語法題?？崭袼诰涞闹骶洳糠质乾F(xiàn)在完成進行吋（表示從過去某個時間開始的某動作一直延續(xù)到現(xiàn)在），所以空格這是應(yīng)填寫一個連詞since表示時間的開始，引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句。

（2）語法題。根據(jù)上一題解析知道這里是完成進行時，taking用的是現(xiàn)在分詞形式，根據(jù)固定搭配（主語）+助動詞（have/has）+been+動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞+其他成分）知這里填寫been。

（3）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“RecommendedDietaryAllowance（推薦膳食許可量）是保持最佳身體健康的”可知這里要填一個跟RDA對等的名詞，guideline或reference都可以。

（4）句意分析題。根據(jù)該句句意“針對不同年齡及性別的人們，RDA（推薦膳食許可量）列舉了一些營養(yǎng)物的推薦攝入量?！薄當z入量’填寫intake。

（5）介詞用法。根據(jù)第4題的句意分析知這里句意是“針對不同年齡及性別的人們”，應(yīng)該填介詞of來構(gòu)成介詞短語作定語修飾前面的people。

（6）時態(tài)用法題。由上文可知本句也是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)，所以這里填寫has。

（7）語法題。根據(jù)句意和空格后動詞確定這是一個從句，這里應(yīng)填一個關(guān)系代詞（指代前面的“amount”）來構(gòu)成一個后置定語從句修飾amount，修飾物可以填which或者that，但是前面的amount前有形容詞that，所以這里填寫which較為合適。

（8）固定搭配。bebasedon為固定用法，‘建立在…基礎(chǔ)上’。

（9）固定句式：it+be動詞+形容詞+that從句。it作形式主語。

（10）推斷題。由前一句中的“first（首先）”及前后句的句意，推斷這里應(yīng)該填跟其詞性一樣的詞（其次），所以填寫“second”。

（11）推斷題。根據(jù)前一句句意‘首先，它是基于這樣一種假設(shè)，即有可能準確定義特定人群的營養(yǎng)需求?！茢噙@里應(yīng)該是“個人的營養(yǎng)需求”，所以可以填寫needs或者requirements，但是上一句已經(jīng)出現(xiàn)過requirements，為避免重復(fù)，填寫needs。

（12）固定短語。該句句意是‘一個人轉(zhuǎn)換食物攝取營養(yǎng)素的效率也會有很大差異?！疇I養(yǎng)轉(zhuǎn)化’用固定短語convert…into…，所以填介詞into。

（13）句意分析。由后一句的例子可知此處表達“食物混合在一起，可能影響營養(yǎng)成分的吸收?！敝髡Zfoods是復(fù)數(shù)形式，動詞affect‘影響’用原形。

（14）句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析。這里的theamountofcalcium應(yīng)該是milk中的，故填寫介詞in‘在...之內(nèi)’。

（15）對應(yīng)前文。對應(yīng)前面第五題空格后的“differentageandsexgroups”，故這里填寫sex。

16.填空題

reconstitute

capable

power

literal

communicate

Theword“television”,derivedfromitsGreek(tele:distant)andLatin(visio:sight)roots,can（1）beint