考研考博-英語(yǔ)-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解1

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-咸寧職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買(mǎi)！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans,AndJeanBethkeElshtain,forone,isglad.

Thefactthatordinarycitizensarenowstartingtothinkseriouslyaboutthenation’smoralclimate,saysthisethics(倫理學(xué))professorattheUniversityofChicago,isreasontohopethatnewideaswillcomeforwardtoimproveit.

Butthechallengeisnottobeunderestimated.MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.“ThethoughtthatI’minitformehasbecomedeeplyrootedinthenationalconsciousness,”MsElshtainsays.

Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.

Ina1996pollofAmericans,lossofmoralitytoppedthelistofthebiggestproblemsfacingtheU.S.AndElshtainsaysthepubliciscorrecttosensethat:DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers.

Thedesireforahighermoralstandardisnotalament（挽歌）forsomenonexistent“goldenage,”Elshtainsays,norisitawishful（一廂情愿的）longingforatimethatdeniedopportunitiestowomenandminorities.Mostpeople,infact,favorthelesseningofprejudice.

Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety,shesays.“Slowly,yourecognizethatthethingsthatmatterarethosethatcan’tbebought.”

1.ProfessorElshtainispleasedtoseethatAmericans（）.

2.ThemoraldeclineofAmericansocietyiscausedmainlyby（）.

3.Whichofthefollowingcharacterizesthetraditionalcommunities?

4.Inthe1950s,classroomviolence（）.

5.AccordingtoElshtain,thecurrentmoraldeclinemaybereversed（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.haveadaptedtoanewsetofmoralstandards

B.arelongingforthereturnofthegoodolddays

C.haverealizedtheimportanceofmaterialthings

D.areawakeningtotheloweringoftheirmoralstandards

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.itsgrowingwealth

B.theself-centerednessofindividuals

C.underestimatingtheimpactofsocialchanges

D.theprejudiceagainstwomenandminorities

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.Greatmobility

B.Emphasisonindividualeffort

C.Concernforone’sneighbors

D.Ever-weakeningsocialbonds

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.assomethingunheardof

B.attractedalotofpublicattention

C.wasbynomeansarareoccurrence

D.begantoappearinanalysts’data

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.ifpeoplecanreturntothe“goldenage”

B.whenwomenandmenenjoyequalrights

C.whenpeopleridthemselvesofprejudice

D.iflessemphasisislaidonmaterialthings

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第一段的第一二句話Thedeclineinmoralstandards—whichhaslongconcernedsocialanalysts—hasatlastcapturedtheattentionofaverageAmericans（道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的下降——長(zhǎng)期以來(lái)一直困擾著社會(huì)分析人士——終于引起了普通美國(guó)人的注意。）后文說(shuō)JeanBethkeElshtain對(duì)于這個(gè)很開(kāi)心，由此可知D選項(xiàng)“意識(shí)到他們道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的降低”正確。A、B、C在原文都沒(méi)有提到，因此排除。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到文章第三段第二句話MaterialismandIndividualisminAmericansocietyarethebiggestobstacles.（美國(guó)社會(huì)的物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義是最大的障礙。）從這句可以看出物質(zhì)主義和個(gè)人主義這兩點(diǎn)是美國(guó)社會(huì)最大的障礙，也是引發(fā)道德衰落的原因，由此可知B選項(xiàng)“個(gè)人的自我中心”正確。而對(duì)物質(zhì)財(cái)富的崇尚，和財(cái)富本身的增長(zhǎng)沒(méi)有直接聯(lián)系，因此A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；C選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在第三段的第一句thechallengeisnottobeunderestimated（挑戰(zhàn)不應(yīng)被低估），這里的挑戰(zhàn)就是指的Materialism和individualism，但是選項(xiàng)把challenge換成了change，因此屬于偷換概念，C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；D選項(xiàng)出現(xiàn)在倒數(shù)第二段，根據(jù)篇章分析對(duì)這一段的說(shuō)明，這種歧視現(xiàn)象是過(guò)去那個(gè)道德水平較高時(shí)代的現(xiàn)象，因此絕不會(huì)是它引起了現(xiàn)今道德水平的下降，因此D選項(xiàng)也錯(cuò)誤。

3.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第四段Someofthiscanbeattributedtothedisintegrationoftraditionalcommunities,inwhichneighborslookedoutforoneanother,shesays.（她說(shuō)，這在一定程度上可以歸因于傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的解體，在傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)中，鄰居們互相照顧。）由此可見(jiàn)，對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)照是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)鄰居的關(guān)心”正確。A選項(xiàng)體現(xiàn)在Withtoday’sgreatermobilityandwithsomanycouplesworking,thosebondshavebeenweakened,replacedbyagreateremphasisonself.（隨著當(dāng)今社會(huì)流動(dòng)性的增強(qiáng)，以及如此多的夫妻都在工作，這種紐帶已經(jīng)被削弱，取而代之的是對(duì)自我的更加強(qiáng)調(diào)。）這里提到了高流動(dòng)性，高流動(dòng)性實(shí)際應(yīng)該是指人口居住地不斷變化，鄰居之間相處時(shí)間不會(huì)很長(zhǎng)，也就無(wú)法培養(yǎng)良好關(guān)系，當(dāng)然也不會(huì)互相關(guān)心互相照料。可以說(shuō)A是造成B和D的原因之一（另一原因是雙職工——夫妻二人都去上班，也就很少有機(jī)會(huì)和鄰居交往），而B(niǎo)和D都是現(xiàn)今社會(huì)的特點(diǎn)，不是傳統(tǒng)社區(qū)的特點(diǎn)，因此A、B、D不對(duì)。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到第五段DatashowthatAmericansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s,suchasclassroomviolenceandahighrateofbirthstounmarriedmothers（數(shù)據(jù)顯示，美國(guó)人正艱難應(yīng)對(duì)問(wèn)題聞所未聞的1950年代，如課堂暴力和高速率的未婚母親。）開(kāi)頭是“數(shù)據(jù)表明”，后面是數(shù)據(jù)所顯示的內(nèi)容。Americansarestrugglingwithproblemsunheardofinthe1950s，美國(guó)人正在同許多問(wèn)題做斗爭(zhēng)，這些問(wèn)題在五十年代聞所未聞（unheardof），suchas表示例舉，說(shuō)明classroomviolence是problems的一個(gè)例子，由此可得A選項(xiàng)“是聞所未聞的”正確。C的說(shuō)法與A正好相反，bynomeans，絕非；rare，極少，雙重否定等于肯定，也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力在五十年代經(jīng)常發(fā)生，是錯(cuò)誤的；B的說(shuō)法與A相互矛盾，既然聞所未聞，也就不可能投入關(guān)注；D有一定迷惑性，按照句意，班級(jí)暴力肯定存在于分析家的數(shù)據(jù)中，因?yàn)榫漕^就有datashow。但要注意，題目的開(kāi)頭有一句Inthe1950s，也就是說(shuō)班級(jí)暴力進(jìn)入分析家的數(shù)據(jù)是在50年代。班級(jí)暴力在那時(shí)尚且聞所未聞，當(dāng)然是不可能進(jìn)入分析數(shù)據(jù)的。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞可以直接定位到最后一段，Moraldeclinewillnotbereverseduntilpeoplefindwaystocounterthematerialisminsociety（除非人們找到對(duì)抗社會(huì)上物質(zhì)主義的方法，否則道德滑坡是不會(huì)逆轉(zhuǎn)的。）因此D選項(xiàng)“如果不太重視物質(zhì)的東西”正確。A和C都是沒(méi)有提到的，B選項(xiàng)不是它的條件。

2.填空題

YesterdayIwent（1）adrinkwiththreeCanadiangeologistswhocametohearmypresentation.It（2）outthatwehaveanumberofresearchinterestsin（3）,sowe（4）thepossibilityofworkingtogether,usingnewmaterialfromsitesinCanadaandChina.

【答案】for;turned;common;discussed

【解析】句意:昨天我和三個(gè)過(guò)來(lái)聽(tīng)我報(bào)告的加拿大地質(zhì)學(xué)家一起喝酒。發(fā)現(xiàn)我們?cè)谘芯颗d趣上有很多相同點(diǎn)，所以我們探討共同工作的可能性，使用來(lái)自加拿大和中國(guó)地皮上的新材料。

1.固定搭配。goforadrink出去喝點(diǎn)。

2.固定搭配。Itturnsoutthat...結(jié)果是…,這里應(yīng)該用過(guò)去式turned。

3.固定搭配。havesth.incommon有相同之處。

4.語(yǔ)義題。句意推測(cè)為:所以我們探討共同工作的可能性。

3.翻譯題

Almostallourmajorproblemsinvolvehumanbehavior,andtheycannotbesolvedbyphysicalandbiologicaltechnologyalone.Whatisneededisatechnologyofbehavior,butwehavebeenslowtodevelopthesciencefromwhichsuchatechnologymightbedrawn.(1)Onedifficultyisthatalmostallofwhatiscalledbehavioralsciencecontinuestotracebehaviortostatesofmind,feelings,traitsofcharacter,human,nature,andsoon.Physicsandbiologyoncefollowedsimilarpracticesandadvancedonlywhentheydiscardedthem.(2)Thebehavioralscienceshavebeenslowtochangepartlybecausetheexplanatoryitemsoftenseemtobedirectlyobservedandpartlybecauseotherkindsofexplanationshavebeenhardtofind.Theenvironmentisobviouslyimportant,butitsrolehasremainedobscure.Itdoesnotpushorpull,itselects,andthisfunctionisdifficulttodiscoverandanalyze.(3)Theroleofnaturalselectioninevolutionwasformulatedonlyalittlemorethanahundredyearsago,andtheselectiveroleoftheenvironmentinshapingandmaintainingthebehavioroftheindividualisonlybeginningtoberecognizedandstudied.Astheinteractionbetweenorganismandenvironmenthascometobeunderstood,however,effectsonceassignedtostatesofmind,feelings,andtraitsarebeginningtobetracedtoaccessibleconditions,andatechnologyofbehaviormaythereforebecomeavailable.Itwillnotsolveourproblems,however,untilitreplacestraditionalpre-scientificviews,andthesearestronglyentrenched.Freedomanddignityillustratethedifficulty.(4)Theyarethepossessionsoftheautonomous(self-governing)manoftraditionaltheory,andthey’reessentialtopracticesinwhichapersonisheldresponsibleforhisconductandgivencreditforhisachievements.Ascientificanalysisshiftsboththeresponsibilityandtheachievementtotheenvironment.Italsoraisesquestionsconcerningvalues.Whowilluseatechnologyandtowhatends?(5)Untiltheseissuesareresolved,atechnologyofbehaviorwillcontinuetoberejected,andwithitpossiblytheonlywaytosolveourproblems.

【答案】1．難題在于所謂的行為科學(xué)幾乎全都依然從心態(tài)、情感、性格特征、人性等方面去尋找行為的根源。

2．行為科學(xué)之所以發(fā)展緩慢，部分原因是用來(lái)解釋行為的依據(jù)似乎往往是直接觀察到的，部分原因是其他的解釋方式一直難以找到。

3．自然選擇在進(jìn)化中的作用僅在一百多年前才得以闡明，而環(huán)境在塑造和保持個(gè)體行為時(shí)的選擇作用則剛剛開(kāi)始被認(rèn)識(shí)和研究。

4．自由和尊嚴(yán)（它們）是傳統(tǒng)理論定義的自主的人所擁有的，是要求一個(gè)人對(duì)自己的行為負(fù)責(zé)并因其業(yè)績(jī)而給予肯定的必不可少的前提。

5．（如果）這些問(wèn)題得不到解決，研究行為的技術(shù)手段就會(huì)繼續(xù)受到排斥，解決問(wèn)題的唯一方式可能也隨之繼續(xù)受到排斥。

4.單選題

Inthecaseofmobilephones,changeiseverything.Recentresearchindicatesthatthemobilephoneischangingnotonlyourculture,butourverybodiesaswell.

First,let’stalkaboutculture.Thedifferencebetweenthemobilephoneanditsparent,thefixed-linephoneisthatamobilenumbercorrespondstoaperson,whilealandlinegoestoaplace.Ifyoucallmymobile,yougetme.Ifyoucallmyfixed-linephone,yougetwhoeveranswersit.

Thishasseveralimplications.Themostcommonone,however,andperhapsthethingthathaschangedourcultureforever,isthe"meeting"influence.Peoplenolongerneedtomakefirmplansaboutwhenandwheretomeet.Twentyyearsago,aFridaynightwouldneedtobearrangedinadvance.Youneededenoughtimetoalloweveryonetogetfromtheirplaceofworktothefirstmeetingplace.Now,however,anightoutcanbearrangedontherun.Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8",but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare".

Textingchangespeopleaswell.Intheirpaper,"InsightsintotheSocialandPsychologicalEffectsofSMSTextMessaging",twoBritishresearchersdistinguishedbetweentwotypesofmobilephoneusers:the"talkers"andthe"texters"—thosewhoprefervoicetotextmessageandthosewhoprefertexttovoice.Theyfoundthatthemobilephone'sindividualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality.Texterswerelikelytoreportthattheirfamilywouldbesurprisediftheyweretoreadtheirtexts.Thissuggeststhattextingallowedtexterstopresentaself-imagethatdifferedfromtheonefamiliartothosewhoknewthemwell.

Anotherscientistwroteofthechangesthatmobileshavebroughttobodylanguage.Therearetwokindsthatpeopleusewhilespeakingonthephone.Thereisthe"speakeasy":theheadisheldhighinaself-confidentway,chattingaway.Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople.

Whocanblamethem?Phonemeetingsgetcancelledorreformedandcameraphonesintrudeonpeople'sprivacy.So,itisunderstandableifyourmobilemakesyounervous.Butperhapsyouneedn'tworrysomuch.Afterall,itisgoodtotalk.

1.Whenpeopleplantomeetnowadays,they（）.

2.AccordingtothetwoBritishresearchers,thesocialandpsychologicaleffectsaremostlylikelytobeseenon（）.

3..Wecaninferfromthepassagethatthetextssentbytextersare（）.

4..Accordingtothepassage,whoisafraidofbeingheardwhiletalkingonthemobile?

5..Anappropriatetitleforthepassagemightbe（）

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.arrangethemeetingplacebeforehand

B.postponefixingtheplacetilllastminute

C.seldomcareaboutwhenandwheretomeet

D.stilllovetoworkoutdetailedmeetingplans

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.talkers

B.the"speakeasy"

C.the"spacemaker"

D.texters

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.quiterevealing

B.wellwritten

C.unacceptablebyothers

D.shockingtoothers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.Talkers

B.The“speakeasy”

C.The“spacemaker”

D.Texters

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.TheSMSEffect

B.CulturalImplicationofMobileUse

C.ChangeintheUseoftheMobile

D.BodyLanguageandtheMobilePhone!

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:A

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第三段指出:Itisnolonger"seeyouthereat8"，but"textmearound8andwe'llseewhereweallare(不再是‘在8點(diǎn)在那里見(jiàn)你’，而是‘在8點(diǎn)左右給我發(fā)短信，然后再看我們都在哪里’),因此選B“推遲到最后一分鐘才確定（見(jiàn)面）地點(diǎn)”。

2.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此D項(xiàng)“喜歡發(fā)短信的人”正確。

3.判斷推理題。第四段指出:Theyfoundthatthemobilephone's

individualityandprivacygavetexterstheabilitytoexpressawholenewouterpersonality(他們發(fā)現(xiàn)移動(dòng)手機(jī)的個(gè)性化和隱私，讓喜歡發(fā)短信的人有能力去表達(dá)自己全新的外向性格),因此選A“揭露隱情的”。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。第一段指出:“Andthereisthe"spacemaker":thesepeoplefocusonthemselvesandkeepoutotherpeople(但是，喜歡在私底下講電話的人卻專注于自己本身且遠(yuǎn)離其它人),故選C“喜歡在私底下講電話的人”。

5.主旨大意題。文章的中心話題是:移動(dòng)手機(jī)影響我們的文化和肢體語(yǔ)言。因此B項(xiàng)“移動(dòng)手機(jī)使用帶來(lái)的文化影響”比較適合做文章標(biāo)題。

5.單選題

______foralongtime,thefieldsarealldriedup.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Therehasbeennorain

B.Havingnorain

C.Therehavingbeennorain

D.Therebeingnorain

【答案】C

【解析】考查句子結(jié)構(gòu)。由句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，therebe句型在此處作獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)。A選項(xiàng)therebe句型與后半句之間缺少連接詞；B選項(xiàng)Havingnorain邏輯關(guān)系不正確；C選項(xiàng)和D選項(xiàng)都屬于獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)，但使用完成時(shí)更能表現(xiàn)因很久未下雨而導(dǎo)致的結(jié)果；因此，正確答案是C項(xiàng)。句意：因?yàn)殚L(zhǎng)時(shí)間沒(méi)有下雨，地里干枯得很厲害。

6.單選題

Johnwill（）ifthefirmneedsanITengineerbecausehecanencodeprogramsforthefirm.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.comeintohisown

B.comeintobeing

C.keeptohimself

D.holdthestage

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)comeintoone’sown“得到重視；得到自己該得的東西；受到尊敬；被承認(rèn)”；B選項(xiàng)comeintobeing“形成；產(chǎn)生”；C選項(xiàng)keeptooneself“保守秘密；不交際”；D選項(xiàng)holdthestage“繼續(xù)上演，引人注目；沒(méi)完沒(méi)了地講話；賣(mài)座不衰”。根據(jù)句意可推測(cè)，約翰會(huì)編程，因此當(dāng)公司需要信息技術(shù)工程師的時(shí)候，他就會(huì)被公司賞識(shí)，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。句意：如果公司需要一名信息技術(shù)工程師，約翰會(huì)得到重視，因?yàn)樗梢詾楣揪帉?xiě)程序。

7.翻譯題

作為中國(guó)歷史上一個(gè)文化與智慧迅速擴(kuò)張的時(shí)代，諸子百家始于公元前770年，終于公元前222年。這個(gè)時(shí)代被譽(yù)為中國(guó)思想的黃金時(shí)期和百家爭(zhēng)鳴的時(shí)期，它見(jiàn)證了不同思想學(xué)派的興起。

不少起源于這個(gè)時(shí)代的中國(guó)古典著作直到今日對(duì)中國(guó)人的生活方式和社會(huì)意識(shí)還有著深遠(yuǎn)的影響。這個(gè)時(shí)代的知識(shí)型社會(huì)以流動(dòng)的智者為特征，這些智者被不同國(guó)家的君主任用為顧問(wèn)，針對(duì)治國(guó)之道、治軍之道和外交手段提出建議。

儒家思想可能是對(duì)國(guó)人生活最具有長(zhǎng)遠(yuǎn)影響的本體思想。它還被稱為學(xué)者學(xué)派，其文學(xué)遺產(chǎn)存在于儒家典籍中，這些典籍為傳統(tǒng)社會(huì)奠定了基礎(chǔ)，這種思想的代表人物是孔子，他主張君主以仁治國(guó)。孟子是孔子的弟子，他為儒家思想中人道的傳播做出了主要貢獻(xiàn)，宣揚(yáng)“人性本善”。

中國(guó)同樣見(jiàn)證了國(guó)學(xué)思想中第二主要的流派——道家思想的發(fā)展。它由傳說(shuō)中的圣人老子和莊子所構(gòu)建。道家思想的核心在于自然境界中的個(gè)人而不是社會(huì)中的個(gè)人。根據(jù)道家思想，每個(gè)人的生活目標(biāo)應(yīng)該是調(diào)整自我來(lái)適應(yīng)自然世界的節(jié)奏，順應(yīng)宇宙的模式，和諧生活。

總而言之，“百家爭(zhēng)鳴”的景象出現(xiàn)在2500年前的春秋時(shí)期和2200年前的戰(zhàn)國(guó)時(shí)期，2400年前，諸子百家的出現(xiàn)以及他們的倡導(dǎo)者老子和孔子都在世界哲學(xué)史的發(fā)展過(guò)程中占據(jù)了重要地位。

【答案】AsaneraofgreatculturalandintellectualexpansioninChina,theHundredSchoolsofThoughtlastedfrom770BCto222BC.KnownastheGoldenAgeofChinesethoughtandtheContentionofaHundredSchoolsofThought,theperiodsawtheriseofmanydifferentschoolsofthought.

ManyofthegreatChineseclassictextsthatoriginatedduringthisperiodhavehadprofoundinfluencesonChineselifestyleandsocialconsciousnesslastingtothepresentday.Theintellectualsocietyofthiserawascharacterizedbyitinerantintellectuals,whowereusuallyemployedbyvariousstaterulersasadvisersonthemethodsofgovernment,war,anddiplomacy.

ConfucianismisthebodyofthoughtthathasarguablyhadthemostenduringeffectonChineselife.AlsoknownastheSchooloftheScholars,itswrittenlegacyliesintheConfucianClassics,whichlaterbecamethefoundationofthetraditionalsociety.TherepresentativeofthisthoughtisConfucius.Hecontendedthatakingmustbevirtuousinordertoruleproperty.MenciuswasaConfuciandisciplewhomademajorcontributionstothespreadofhumanisminConfucianthought,declaringthatman,bynature,wasinherentlygood.

AsthesecondmostsignificantstreamofChinesethought,theZhouperiodalsosawthedevelopmentofTaoism.ItsformulationisoftenattributedtothelegendarysageLaoZiandZhuangZi.ThefocusofTaoismisontheindividualwithinthenaturalrealmratherthantheindividualwithinsociety.AccordingtoTaoism,thegoaloflifeforeachindividualistoseektoadjustoneselfandadapttotherhythmofthenaturalworld,tofollowthewayoftheuniverse,toliveinharmony.

Inaword,thesceneof“contentionofahundredschoolsofthought”broughtforthintheSpringandAutumnPeriod2500yearsagoandtheWarringStatesPeriodover2200yearsagoandtheemergenceofvariousschoolsofthoughtandtheirexponentssuchasLaoZiandConfuciusabout2400yearsagoalloccupyaveryimportantpositionintheworldhistoryofphilosophy.

8.單選題

Thedirectionwereso（）thatitwasimpossibletocompletetheassignment.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.ingenious

B.ambitious

C.notorious

D.ambiguous

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞詞義辨析。ingenious“有獨(dú)創(chuàng)性的”；ambitious“有野心的”；notorious“臭名昭著的”；ambiguous“模糊不清的”。句意：指示太模糊了，不可能完成這項(xiàng)任務(wù)。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

9.單選題

Onceapictureisprovedtobeaforgery,itbecomesquite______.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.invaluable

B.priceless

C.unworthy

D.worthless

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。invaluable“無(wú)價(jià)的”；priceless“無(wú)價(jià)的”；unworthy“不值得的”；worthless“不值錢(qián)的”。句意：一旦一幅畫(huà)被證明是偽造的，它就變得十分……。因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

10.單選題

[A]Asherfocus[B]changed,thelovepoetrythatEdamSt.VincentMillay[C]producedinthe1920’s[D]increasinggavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.As

B.changed

C.produced

D.increasing

【答案】D

【解析】【答案】D

【考查點(diǎn)】副詞的用法。

【解題思路】根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知，句子主干為“thelovepoetrygavewaytopoetrydealingwithsocialinjustice（描寫(xiě)愛(ài)情的詩(shī)被描寫(xiě)社會(huì)不公的詩(shī)替代）”，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是gavewayto，increasing是形容詞，只能修飾名詞，所以要將D項(xiàng)改為increasingly。

【句意】隨著她的創(chuàng)作重點(diǎn)的改變，伊丹?圣文森特?米萊在二十世紀(jì)二十年代創(chuàng)作的愛(ài)情詩(shī)歌逐漸讓位于描寫(xiě)社會(huì)不公的詩(shī)歌。

11.單選題

ThereasonHollywoodisanaturalplaceformakingmoviesis（

）thesunshinesthereeveryday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.why

B.which

C.that

D.because

【答案】C

【解析】句意:好萊塢作為電影制作自然之地的原因在于那里每天都有太陽(yáng)照射。

語(yǔ)法題。考查從句的連接詞。分析句子結(jié)構(gòu)可知空格引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句,而且該引導(dǎo)詞不在表語(yǔ)從句中作任何成分,故C正確。

12.單選題

"Toberootedisperhapsthemostimportantandleastrecognizedneedofthehumansoul."SimoneWeilarguedinthemid-twentiethcentury.Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends";SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.Whatisdifferentaboutmobileplaygroundsisthatmobiledevicesforcereallifeandvirtuallife(andrealplacesandvirtualplaces)totrytocoexistinawaytheyneverhavebefore.

Wewanttoseethisasagood,enablingthing—Icanfireoffthate-mailtotheofficeandthengetbacktorelaxingonmyvacation!—butitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday:evenonaweekend,youwillseeparentsengrossedintheiriPhonesandBlackBerryswhiletheirchildrenmakeincreasinglyloudbidsfortheirattention.TheNovember2,2009coverofTheNewYorkersadlyandbeautifullysatirizedthistrend:itshowsanillustrationofchildrenouttrick-or-treating,baskedintheglowofhouselights,whiletheirparentsbaskintheglowofthesmart-phoneinwhichtheyarerapt.Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.

Andwhenwedecidetoleavehomeentirely,wefinditdifficulttoleavethedemandsofworkbehind.Considerthecruiseshipindustry:everyyear,morethanthreemillionpeopleboardaCarnivalCruiseshiptotakeavacation.Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.Withtheirtwenty-four-hourInternetcafes,onboardWiFi,andanadvertisingcampaignthatfeaturesbikini-cladpatronsloungingondeckchairswithlaptopcomputers,CarnivalCruiseLineshasenthusiasticallyrespondedtothedemandsofpatronswhoseekanidealofmaritimeescapebutstillwanttochecktheire-mailseveraltimesaday.

This,too,isthestrangenewworldofleisure:neverdisconnected,andneverreallyfreefromthedemandsofdailylife.Notwithstandingallthetalkofmobility,wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways—nottoahometown,ortoaparticularsocialbackground,buttoourdevicesthemselvesandthefeelingofconnectiontheyprovide,whichweseeminglycannotsitstillwithout.

1.Accordingtothefirstparagraph,whatcanwelearnaboutMySpaceandSecondLife?

2.Whensayingitisinstructivetogotoaplaygroundtoday,theauthormeansthat（

）.

3.ThefollowingstatementsareTRUEexcept

（

）.

4.Theword"tethered"inthelastparagraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Thispassageisintendedto（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Theyfunctionasreallifevenuesforentertainment.

B.Theydeservecreditforreflectingthehumansoul.

C.Asvirtualplaygrounds,theyresemblerealityintermsofplace.

D.Throughmobiledevices,theyrepresentengagementwithsociety.

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.smartphonesaretheculpritforthepoorrelationsbetweenparentsandchildren

B.responsibleparentsaresupposedtoengagetheirchildrenwithoutdooractivities

C.playgroundsaretheplacesforparentsandchildrentospendtimetogether

D.people'sindulgenceinstayingconnectedcanbewitnessedthere

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.peoplevacationingonCarnivalCruiseshipshaveaccesstotheInternettoday

B.eatingandgamblingaretheexclusivethingspeoplecanenjoyoncruiseships

C.CarnivalCruiseLinescatertovacationers'demandstostayincontactwithothers

D.people'sdesiretoremainconnectedmakesitdifficultforthemtoescapefromwork

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.confined

B.disconnected

C.immune

D.indifferent

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.analyzethevariousreasonsforhumanstosettledown

B.advocatethenecessityofvirtualconnectioninleisuretime

C.enumeratetheenormousbenefitsofmobiledevicesforworkandlife

D.highlightthetransformationofmobilitythroughubiquitousconnection

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:D

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Evenourvirtualplaygroundspayhomagetothedeeplyfeltneedforplace:MySpacewas,untilrecently,called“aplaceforfriends”;SecondLifemimicsreal-lifeplaceswithitshomes,offices,andrestaurants.（即使是我們的虛擬游戲場(chǎng)地，也會(huì)對(duì)對(duì)位置的深刻需求表示敬意：MySpace直到最近才被稱為“朋友的地方”；SecondLife模仿現(xiàn)實(shí)生活中的地方，有它自己的家、辦公室和餐館）可知選C。

第2題:推理判斷題。由文章第二段Evenourleisuretime,itseems,hasbeencolonizedbyourneedtostayconnectedanditisaconstantstruggletosetlimitsonourengagementwiththevirtualworldsothatwecanattendtotherealoneinfrontofus.（就連我們的閑暇時(shí)間，似乎也被我們保持聯(lián)系的需要所占據(jù)，這是一個(gè)不斷的斗爭(zhēng)，以限制我們與虛擬世界的接觸，以便我們能夠處理我們面前的真實(shí)世界）可推測(cè)作者認(rèn)為人們太沉溺于虛擬世界，而忽略現(xiàn)實(shí)世界，因此提出如今去操場(chǎng)是很有教育意義的，故選D。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第三段中Theyspendagreatdealoftimeeatingandgambling,andtheneatingsomemore.Theperpetualbuffetsthathavelongbeenastapleofthecruiseshiplifestylecatertoonekindofhunger;Carnivalnowcaterstoanotheronethatseemscounterintuitiveinvacationerseagertogetawayfromitall:stayingconnected.可知B選項(xiàng)是人們過(guò)去在游輪上的主要消遣方式，不再適合如今的需求。

第4題:詞義題。confine意為“限制”；disconnect意為“切斷”；immune意為“免疫的”；indifferent意為“漠不關(guān)心的”。由wefindourselvestetheredinnovelways（我們發(fā)現(xiàn)自己被新的方式束縛住了）可知選A。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了移動(dòng)設(shè)備讓人們時(shí)刻保持聯(lián)系以及對(duì)生活的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)無(wú)處不在的聯(lián)系帶來(lái)的影響，因此選D。

13.單選題

Werarelyperceivemorethanaminute（

）ofthesightsandsoundsthatfailuponoursenseorgans;thegreatmajoritypassesusby.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.fiction

B.function

C.fraction

D.friction

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞詞義辨析。fiction“小說(shuō)，虛構(gòu)”；function“作用，功能”；fraction“小部分”；friction“摩擦”。句意：我們僅僅感受到偶然落入我們感覺(jué)器官的光和聲音的小部分，大部分已經(jīng)與我們擦肩而過(guò)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

14.單選題

Somecultureshavecustomsthat（）theclothingfashionsofpeopleincertainsocialclasses.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.modify

B.alter

C.regulate

D.revise

【答案】C

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。modify"修改,更改;修飾";alter"改變,更改";regulate"控制,管理,調(diào)節(jié)";revise"修訂,修改"。modify是指略微的修改,alter范圍較廣,指任何的改變,revise通常指修訂課本,制度的管理和規(guī)定經(jīng)常用regulate。句意：某些文化有一些習(xí)俗,這些習(xí)俗規(guī)定了某些社會(huì)階層中人們的穿衣時(shí)尚。所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

15.單選題

Theteamshouldhaveprojectedtroubleaheadwhentheroad（

）intoagravelpath.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.interrogated

B.dwindled

C.transformed

D.collapsed

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。interrogated質(zhì)問(wèn)，審問(wèn)；dwindled減少，縮小；transformed轉(zhuǎn)換，改變；collapsed倒塌，瓦解。句意：當(dāng)?shù)缆纷優(yōu)樯暗[路時(shí)，這個(gè)團(tuán)隊(duì)本應(yīng)該提前預(yù)測(cè)到困難。C項(xiàng)符合句意。

16.寫(xiě)作題

Directions:Forthispart,youarerequiredtowriteacompositiononthetopic“UncivilizedBehaviorsinPublic”Youshouldwriteatleast160wordsandyoushouldbaseyourcompositionontheoutline(inChinese)below:

1.在公共場(chǎng)合有哪些不文明行為

2.造成這些不文明行為的原因

3.怎樣改進(jìn)這些不文明行為

【答案】略

17.單選題

ExplorationoftheSolarSystemiscontinuing,andatthepresentrateofprogressalltheplanets______withinthenext50years.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.willhavebeencontacted

B.willhavecontacted

C.willbecontacted

D.willcontact

【答案】A

【解析】考查將來(lái)完成時(shí)。句意：對(duì)太陽(yáng)系的探索仍在繼續(xù)，以目前的速度，我們將在未來(lái)50年內(nèi)與所有行星取得聯(lián)系。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來(lái)完成時(shí)，在這里表示在將來(lái)某一時(shí)間一直持續(xù)的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過(guò)去分詞（done），A選項(xiàng)willhavebeencontacted符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

18.單選題

Withallitsadvantages,thecomputerisbynomeanswithoutits（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.boundaries

B.restraints

C.confinements

D.limitations

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)boundaries“邊界，界限”；B選項(xiàng)restraints“限制，禁止”；C選項(xiàng)confinements“監(jiān)禁”；D選項(xiàng)limitations“局限性，（限制）因素”。句意：盡管計(jì)算機(jī)有許多優(yōu)點(diǎn)，但它決不是沒(méi)有（）。通過(guò)題干可以看出這里表達(dá)的意思是“計(jì)算機(jī)雖然優(yōu)點(diǎn)很多，但是也會(huì)有局限性”，因此D選項(xiàng)符合題意。

19.填空題

We’ve（1）indeterminingthenatureofthesoilpollutioninthisarea.We（2）labtestsonsoilsamplesanddetectedthepresenceofthreeheavymetalsinharmfulquantities.Nowweneedtofindoutwhatthe（3）oftheheavymetalsis:Wherearetheycomingfrom?

【答案】controversies;performed;origin

【解析】句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。我們做了一些實(shí)驗(yàn)室測(cè)試，從大量有害物質(zhì)中檢測(cè)出三種重金屬的存在?，F(xiàn)在我們需要找出這些重金屬的來(lái)源：它們是從哪里來(lái)的？

1.語(yǔ)義題。句意:在決定該地區(qū)土地污染的屬性方面我們存在爭(zhēng)議。

2.固定搭配。Performtestson做實(shí)驗(yàn)。

3.語(yǔ)義題。根據(jù)冒號(hào)后面的內(nèi)容Wherearetheycomingfrom?“它們是從哪里來(lái)的”可知此處是問(wèn)“起源，來(lái)源”，故填origin。

20.單選題

Theirsolutionwastoenrolltheirchildreninprivateschools,which,becausetheyreceivednotaxmoney,werefreetooperatewithoutbeingsubjecttoracial（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.discrimination

B.segregation

C.controversy

D.apportionment

【答案】A

【解析】名詞詞義辨析。discrimination“歧視”；segregation“隔離”；controversy“爭(zhēng)論”；apportionment“分派”。句意：他們的解決方法就是將他們的孩子送入私立學(xué)校，因?yàn)樗麄儾皇杖∪魏味惪?，并且沒(méi)有種族歧視。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

21.單選題

Ithasoftenbeenmyfate—perhapstheexpatriate'sfateingeneral,perhapsmerelytheself-hater’s—tobeagainstthings.AsanAmerican,Ihavefrequentlyseemedanti-American;asaneducatedperson,I'moftenanti-intellectual.WhenItaughtatHarvard,Iwasanti-Harvard.Allofthosemakeme,Isuppose,arathergoodEuropean,sinceEuropeansare,atheart,suspiciousofeveryformbelonging,andgreatbelieversinthenon-conformistlife.

Thesedaysmorethanever,Europeansseemtoharborimmensesuspicious,ifnotdisdain,towardtheUSasformerRussianPresidentMikhailGorbachevputitrecentlyintheWashingtonPost,“Theworlddoesn'twanttobeAmerican.”Indeed,hereinEurope,manycitizenstrembleattheverythought.Why?Aside,ofcourse,fromthefacileandone-dimensionalexplanationofjealousy,isn'ttherestofthefreeandnot-so-freeworldburstingattheseamstobelikethecitizensofthecountrythatbroughtuslife,libertyand—thatanthemofthemodemage—thepursuit

ofhappiness?

Onereason,itoccurstome,issimpleandyetprofound;Americalackscharm.Mysister-in-law,asingleFrenchwelfaremotherwholivesinabeautifulprovincialvillagewithfourboysbetween4and18,allathome,seemstome,despiteherdifficulties,tohavemorecharminherlife—theweeklytripstothemarket,theoccasionalglassofredwine,thetiltedroofsandstonewallsofthevillageitself—thanmanyamillionaireinmygreathomestateofTexas.(Howhorrible!ThePuritanmindclaims,awelfaremotherwithaglassofwine!InFrance,however,evenwelfaremothersareentitledtotheoccasionalredwine.)Andmyimpoverishedsister-in-law,unlikesomanyofthosemillionaires,knows,inthewordsofGuydeMaupassant,how"tobecharmingwithnothingatall".

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