考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-大連外國(guó)語(yǔ)大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Forsometimescientistshavebelievedthatcholesterol(膽固醇)playsamajorroleinheartdiseasebecausepeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,ageneticdefect,havesixtoeighttimesthenormallevelofcholesterolintheirbloodandtheyinvariablydevelopheartdisease.Thesepeoplelackcell-surfacereceptorsforlow-densitylipoproteins(LDL’s),whicharethefundamentalcarriersofbloodcholesteroltothebodycellsthatusecholesterol.Withoutanadequatenumberofcell-surfacereceptorstoremoveLDL’sfromtheblood,thecholesterol-carryingLDL’sremainintheblood,increasingbloodcholesterollevels.ScientistsalsonoticedthatpeoplewithfamilialhypercholesterolemiaappeartoproducemoreLDL’sthannormalindividuals.How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?

Sincescientistscouldnotexperimentonhumanbodytissue,theirknowledgeoffamilialhyper-cholesterolemiawasseverelylimited.However,abreakthroughcameinthelaboratoriesofYoshioWatanabeofKobeUniversityinJapanin1980.Watanabenoticedthatamalerabbitinhiscolonyhadtentimestothenormalconcentrationofcholesterolinitsblood.Byappropriatebreeding,Watanabeobtainedastrainofrabbitsthathadveryhighcholesterollevels.Theserabbitsspontaneouslydevelopedheartdisease.Tohissurprise,Watanabefurtherfoundthattherabbits,likehumanswithfamilialhypercholesterolemia,lackedLDLreceptors.This,scientistscouldstudytheseWatanaberabbitstogainabetterunderstandingoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans.

PriortothebreakthroughatKobeUniversity,itwasknownthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor,calledverylow-densitylipoproteins(VLDLs),whichcarrytriglyceridesaswellasrelativelysmallamountsofcholesterol.ThetriglyceridesareremovedfromtheVLDL’sbyfattyandothertissues.Whatremainsisaremnantparticlethatmustberemovedfromtheblood.WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor.Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.TheLDLreceptorsthushaveadualeffectincontrollingLDLlevels.TheyarenecessarytopreventoversynthesisofLDL’sfromVLDLremnantsandtheyarenecessaryforthenormalremovalofLDLfromtheblood.Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.

54.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith______.

55.Thepassagesuppliesinformationtoanswerwhichofthefollowingquestions?

56.ThepassageimpliesthatiftheWatanaberabbitshadhadasmanyLDLreceptorsontheirliversasdonormalrabbits,theWatanaberabbitswouldhavebeen______.

57.ThepassageimpliesthatWatanaberabbitsdifferfromnormalrabbitsinwhichofthefollowingways?

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.presentingahypothesisanddescribingcompellingevidenceinsupportofit

B.raisingaquestionanddescribinganimportantdiscoverythatledtoananswer

C.showingthatacertaingeneticallycauseddiseasecanbetreatedeffectivelywithdrugs

D.explainingwhatcausesthegeneticmutationthatleadstoheartdisease

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Whichbodycellsaretheprimaryusersofcholesterol?

B.HowdidscientistsdiscoverthatLDL’saresecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

C.WhereinthebodyareVLDLremnantsdegraded?

D.WhyareLDLsecretedfromtheliverintheformofaprecursor?

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelopheartdisease

B.lesslikelythannormalrabbitstodevelophighconcentrationsofcholesterolintheirblood

C.lessusefulthantheyactuallyweretoscientistsinthestudyoffamilialhypercholesterolemiainhumans

D.unabletosecreteVLDLfromtheirlivers

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.WatanaberabbitshavemoreLDLreceptorsthandonormalrabbits.

B.ThebloodofWatanaberabbitscontainsmoreVLDLremnantsthandocsthebloodofnormalrabbits.

C.Watanaberabbitshavefewerfattyissuesthandonormalrabbits.

D.WatanaberabbitssecretelowerlevelsofVLDL’sthandonormalrabbits.

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:C

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】54.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】中心主旨題。題干意思是“在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)注……”。通讀全文可知，文章第一段先是提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，即第一段最后一句How,scientistswondered,couldageneticmutationthatcausesaslow-downintheremovalofLDL’sfromthebloodalsoresultinanincreaseinthesynthesisofthischolesterol-carryingprotein?（科學(xué)家們想知道，一種導(dǎo)致血液中低密度脂蛋白清除速度減緩的基因突變，是如何導(dǎo)致這種攜帶膽固醇的蛋白質(zhì)的合成增加的呢？），接著作者就第一段的這個(gè)問(wèn)題展開(kāi)了論述，并詳細(xì)描述了能解決第一段提出的問(wèn)題的重大發(fā)現(xiàn)，所以B項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)問(wèn)題，并描述一個(gè)導(dǎo)致答案的重要發(fā)現(xiàn)”正確。A項(xiàng)“提出一個(gè)假設(shè)，并描述有力的證據(jù)來(lái)支持它”中的hypothesis（假設(shè)）并不符合文意。C項(xiàng)“表明某種由基因引起的疾病可以用藥物有效治療”和D項(xiàng)“解釋導(dǎo)致心臟病的基因突變的原因”都只是其中的一部分內(nèi)容。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

55.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章提供信息來(lái)回答以下哪個(gè)問(wèn)題？”。文章最后一段詳細(xì)的描述了VLDL殘留物是如何產(chǎn)生以及肝臟是如何清除VLDL殘余物，第五句提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解），所以文章提供信息回答了“VLDL殘留物在身體何處被降解”這個(gè)問(wèn)題，故C項(xiàng)“VLDL殘留物在身體的何處被降解？”正確。A項(xiàng)“哪些細(xì)胞是膽固醇的主要使用者？”、B項(xiàng)“科學(xué)家是如何發(fā)現(xiàn)低密度脂蛋白以一種前體的形式從肝臟分泌出來(lái)的？”和D項(xiàng)“為什么LDL以前體的形式從肝臟分泌？”在文中都沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息解釋其原因。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

56.【試題答案】C

【試題解析】推理判斷題。題干意思是“這篇文章暗示，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，渡邊兔可能……”。最后一段中提到WhatscientistslearnedbystudyingtheWatanaberabbitsisthattheremovaloftheVLDLremnantrequirestheLDLreceptor…IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s….Withthisknowledge,scientistsarenowwellonthewaytowarddevelopingdrugsthatdramaticallylowercholesterollevelsinpeopleafflictedwithcertainformsoffamilialhypercholesterolemia.（通過(guò)研究渡邊兔，科學(xué)家發(fā)現(xiàn)清除VLDL殘余需要LDL受體……在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白……有了這些知識(shí)，科學(xué)家們現(xiàn)在正在開(kāi)發(fā)藥物，以顯著降低某些家族性高膽固醇血癥患者的膽固醇水平。），可知，渡邊兔因?yàn)槿狈DL受體所以它血液中的低密度脂蛋白會(huì)過(guò)多從而引起高膽固醇，這對(duì)科學(xué)研究有很大幫助，從而反推，如果渡邊兔的肝臟中有和正常兔子一樣多的低密度脂蛋白受體，那么它對(duì)科學(xué)研究來(lái)說(shuō)沒(méi)什么意義，所以C項(xiàng)“在科學(xué)家對(duì)人類家族性高膽固醇血癥的研究中，它們實(shí)際上沒(méi)有那么有用”正確。A項(xiàng)“比正常兔子更不容易患心臟病”和B項(xiàng)“在它們的血液不太可能比正常的兔子發(fā)展高濃度的膽固醇”在文中沒(méi)有相關(guān)信息可以推斷。D項(xiàng)“無(wú)法從他們的肝臟分泌VLDL”，不管低密度脂蛋白受體的數(shù)量多少，肝臟都會(huì)分泌VLDL，所以D項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤。因此，該題選擇C項(xiàng)正確。

57.【試題答案】B

【試題解析】題干意思是“這篇文章暗示渡邊兔在以下哪方面不同于正常的兔子？”。最后一段中提到Normally,themajorityoftheVLDLremnantsgototheliverwheretheybindtoLDLreceptorsandaredegraded.IntheWatanaberabbit,duetoalackofLDLreceptorsonlivercells,theVLDLremnantsremaininthebloodandareeventuallyconvertedtoLDL’s.（正常情況下，大多數(shù)VLDL殘?bào)w進(jìn)入肝臟，與LDL受體結(jié)合并被降解。在渡邊兔體內(nèi)，由于肝細(xì)胞上缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，VLDL殘留在血液中并最終轉(zhuǎn)化為低密度脂蛋白。），可知渡邊兔由于缺乏低密度脂蛋白受體，所以不能降解VLDL，故VLDL殘留物會(huì)比正常兔子的多，B項(xiàng)“渡邊兔血液中VLDL殘留量比正常兔子血液多”正確。A項(xiàng)“渡邊兔比正常兔子有更多的LDL受體”，與文章表述相反，因此錯(cuò)誤。C項(xiàng)“渡邊兔的脂肪問(wèn)題比正常兔子少”和D項(xiàng)“渡邊兔分泌的VLDL水平比正常兔子低”在文中沒(méi)有對(duì)它們的脂肪和分泌的VLDL水平進(jìn)行比較。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)正確。

2.單選題

Thegovernment（）toapprovetheuseofwide-spreadsurveillancewhentheJusticeDepartmenttookobjections.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.isgoing

B.hadbeen

C.wasabout

D.iscoming

【答案】C

【解析】句意:政府即將同意采取廣泛監(jiān)督的手段吋，卻遭到了司法部的反對(duì)。

語(yǔ)法題?？疾闀r(shí)態(tài)(一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí))。由關(guān)鍵詞“took”可知句子主調(diào)為過(guò)去時(shí),因此使用現(xiàn)在吋態(tài)的A項(xiàng)和D項(xiàng)排除。句意為“政府即將同意”,因此應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)。故選C。

3.單選題

Duetopersonality（

）,thetwocolleaguesnevergowellinwork.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.confrontation

B.contradiction

C.conflict

D.competition

【答案】C

【解析】考察名詞、介詞辨析。personalityconflict“性格不合”。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

4.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語(yǔ)搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來(lái)為美國(guó)制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

5.單選題

WhentheItalianpoetDantewas（）fromhishomeinFlorence,hedecidedtowalkfromItalytosearchfortherealmeaningoflife.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.exiled

B.expired

C.exempted

D.exerted

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)exile“放逐，流放；使背井離鄉(xiāng)”；B選項(xiàng)expire“期滿；終止；死亡；呼氣”；C選項(xiàng)exempt“免除，豁免”；D選項(xiàng)exert“運(yùn)用，發(fā)揮；施以影響”。句意：當(dāng)意大利詩(shī)人但丁被逐出他在佛羅倫薩的家時(shí)，他決定從意大利步行去尋找生命的真正意義。固定搭配“exilefrom使流亡；把……從……流放出去”，因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

6.單選題

Workingfarawayfromhishome,hehadto（

）fromOxfordtoLondoneveryday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.commute

B.wander

C.ramble

D.motion

【答案】A

【解析】動(dòng)詞辨析題。A選項(xiàng)commute“通勤，往返于”；B選項(xiàng)wander“徘徊，漫步”；C選項(xiàng)ramble“閑逛”；D選項(xiàng)motion“運(yùn)動(dòng)”。句意：他在離家很遠(yuǎn)的地方工作，每天不得不往返于牛津和倫敦之間。選項(xiàng)A符合句意。

7.單選題

Theworldofeducationiscurrentlyundergoingamassivetransformationasaresultofthedigitalrevolution.Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.Intheapprenticeshipera,mostofwhatpeoplelearnedoccurredoutsideofschool.Universalschoolingledpeopletoidentifylearningwithschool,butnowtheidentificationofthetwoisunraveling.

Allarounduspeoplearelearningwiththeaidofnewtechnologies:childrenareplayingcomplexvideogames,workersareinteractingwithsimulationsthatputtheminchallengingsituations,studentsaretakingcoursesatonlinehighschoolsandcolleges,andadultsareconsultingWikipedia.Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.Thesenewlearningnichesenablepeopleofallagestopursuelearningontheirownterms.Peoplearoundtheworldaretakingtheireducationoutofschoolintohomes,libraries,Internetcafesandworkplaces,wheretheycandecidewhattheywanttolearn,whentheywanttolearn,andhowtheywanttolearn.

Whowillbenefitultimatelyfromthisrevolution?InAmericathereisacommercialpushtoselleducationalproductstoconsumerswhoarelookingforanedgeupintheraceforsuccess.ThismeansthattechnologicalproductsandservicesarepoppingupallovertheAmericanlandscape.Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.WethinkschoolshaveservedAmericaandtheworldverywell.Wegreatlyadmiretheteacherswhohavededicatedthemselvestohelpingchildrenfromdifferentbackgroundstolearnandthriveinachangingworld.Schoolshavemadeinvaluablecontributionstotheworld'sdevelopmentandwethinktheywillcontinuetodosowellintothefuture.

However,wethinkitistimethateducatorsandpolicymakersstarttorethinkeducationapartfromschooling.Educationisalifelongenterprise,whileschoolingformostencompassesonlyagesfiveto18or21.Evenwhenstudentsareinschoolmuchoftheireducationhappensoutsideofschool.Weallknowthattechnologyhastransformedourlargersociety.Ithasbecomecentraltopeople'sreading,writing,calculating,andthinking,whicharethemajorconcernsofschooling.Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.

Thecentralchallengeiswhetherourcurrentschoolswillbeabletoadaptandincorporatethenewpoweroftechnology-drivenlearningforthenextgenerationofpublicschooling.Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.

1.Whatcausedtheemergenceofuniversalschoolinginthe19thcentury?

2.Whatcanwelearnfromthe2ndparagraphabouttheauthor'sviewonnewtechnologies?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,thedigitalrevolutionisbeneficialfor（

）.

4.Theword"periphery"inthe4paragraphprobablymeans

（

）.

5.Theauthor'spurposeinwritingthispassageis（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.thedigitalrevolution

B.theindustrialrevolution

C.thelearners'identification

D.thenewapproachtoeducation

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.Theonlineeducationwouldreplacethetraditionalcolleges.

B.Theleadingpositionofuniversitiesandschoolsmightbeunderthreat.

C.Thecomputersimulationcouldprovideworkerswithmoreopportunities.

D.Thelearningstrategiesandstyleswouldbedecidedbynewtechnologies.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.theteachersinschoolsandcolleges

B.thebusinessmenstrivingforsuccess

C.thestudentsoutsideschoolsandcolleges

D.thebetter-offpurchasingeducationalproducts

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theoutsideboundary

B.thespecialsites

C.theinnercircle

D.therelateddepartment

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.topresentthepowerofnewtechnologies

B.todescribethetransformationoflearningapproach

C.toadvocatethereformofeducationintheageoftechnology

D.toanalyzetheintegrationofnewtechnologiesintoschooling

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:B

第3題:D

第4題:A

第5題:C

【解析】第1題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由文章第一段中Thistransformationissimilartothetransitionfromapprenticeshiptouniversalschoolingthatoccurredinthe19thcenturyasaresultoftheindustrialrevolution.（這種轉(zhuǎn)變類似于19世紀(jì)工業(yè)革命后從學(xué)徒制向普及教育的轉(zhuǎn)變）可知選B。

第2題:觀點(diǎn)態(tài)度題。由文章第二段中Newtechnologiescreatelearningopportunitiesthatchallengetraditionalschoolsandcolleges.（新技術(shù)創(chuàng)造了挑戰(zhàn)傳統(tǒng)學(xué)校和大學(xué)的學(xué)習(xí)機(jī)會(huì)）可知B選項(xiàng)“大學(xué)和學(xué)校的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)地位可能受到威脅”符合題意。

第3題:推理判斷題。由文章第三段中Education,onceviewedasapublicgoodwithequalaccessforall,isnowupforsaletothosewhocanaffordspecializedservicesandcomputerprograms.（教育曾經(jīng)被視為人人享有平等機(jī)會(huì)的公共利益，現(xiàn)在出售給那些能夠負(fù)擔(dān)得起專門(mén)服務(wù)和計(jì)算機(jī)程序的人）可知選D，作者認(rèn)為，數(shù)字革命有利于較富裕的人購(gòu)買教育產(chǎn)品。

第4題:詞義題。theoutsideboundary意為“外界”；thespecialsites意為“特殊地點(diǎn)”；theinnercircle意為“核心集團(tuán)，內(nèi)圈”；therelateddepartment意為“相關(guān)部門(mén)”。由Andyettechnologyhasbeenkeptintheperipheryofschools,usedforthemostpartonlyinspecializedcourses.（然而，技術(shù)一直保存在學(xué)校的外圍，大部分只在專業(yè)課程中使用）可知選A。

第5題:主旨大意題。文章主要講述了數(shù)字革命給教育帶來(lái)的改革，學(xué)校教育受到挑戰(zhàn)。由最后一段中Ifschoolscannotsuccessfullyintegratenewtechnologiesintowhatitmeanstobeaschool,thenthelongidentificationofschoolingwitheducation,developedoverthepast150years,willdissolveintoaworldwherewealthierstudentspursuetheirlearningoutsideofthepublicschool.（如果學(xué)校不能成功地將新技術(shù)融入學(xué)校教育，那么過(guò)去150年來(lái)發(fā)展起來(lái)的對(duì)學(xué)校教育的長(zhǎng)期認(rèn)同就會(huì)消失。將進(jìn)入一個(gè)富裕的學(xué)生在公立學(xué)校之外繼續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)的世界）可知作者寫(xiě)這篇文章的目的是倡導(dǎo)科技時(shí)代的教育改革，因此選C。

8.單選題

Inthepastfortyyears,weatherforecastinghasbecomealmost（）computerized.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.centrally

B.totally

C.nationally

D.extremely

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)centrally“在中心”；B選項(xiàng)totally“完全地”；C選項(xiàng)nationally“全國(guó)性地”D選項(xiàng)extremely“非常，極其”。句意：在過(guò)去的四十年里，天氣預(yù)報(bào)已經(jīng)幾乎完全計(jì)算機(jī)化了。因此B項(xiàng)符合句意。

9.單選題

Iftheoldmaximthatthecustomerisalwaysrightstillhasmeaning,thentheairlinesthatplytheworld’sbusiestairroutebetweenLondonandParishaveaflightontheirhands.

TheEurostartrainservicelinkingtheUKandFrenchcapitalsviatheChannelTunneliswinningcustomersinincreasingnumbers.InlateMay,itcarrieditsonemillionthpassengers,havingrunonlyalimitedservicebetweenLondon,ParisandBrusselssinceNovember1994,startingwithtwotrainsadayineachdirectiontoParisandBrussels.By1997,thecompanybelievesthatitwillbecarryingtenmillionpassengersayear,andcontinuetogrowfromthere.

FromJuly,EurostarstepsitsservicetoninetrainseachwaybetweenLondonandParis,andfivebetweenLondonandBrussels.Eachtraincarriesalmost800passengers,210oftheminfirstclass.

Theairlinesestimatethattheywillinitiallylosearound15%-20%oftheirLondon-ParistraffictotherailwaysonceEurostarstartsafullservicelaterthisyear(1995),with15trainsadayeachway.AsimilarservicewillstarttoBrussels.Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.

Intheshortterm,thedamagecausedbythe1millionpeople-levelstravelingbetweenLondonandParisandBrusselsonEurostartrainsmeansthatsomeairservicesarealreadysuffering.Someofthemajorcarrierssaythattheirpassengernumbersaredownbylessthan5%andpointtotheirrivals-ParticularlyAirFrance—ashavingsufferedtheproblems.OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.

Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.BritishMidland,forexample,pointstoitsexperienceonHeathrowLeedsBradfordservicewhichsawpassengernumbersfoldby15%whenBritishRailelectrifiedandmodernizedtherailwaylinebetweenLondonandYorkshire.Twoyearslater,travelhadrisenbetweenthetwodestinationstothepointwheretheairlinewascarryingrecordnumbersofpassengers.

41.Britishairlinesconfideinthefactthat（）.

42.Theauthor’sattitudetowardsthedropofpassengersmaybedescribedas（）.

43.Inthepassage,BritishRail(Para6)ismentionedto（）.

44.Therailway’sBrusselsrouteisbroughtforthtoshowthat（）.

45.Thepassageistakenfromthefirstofanessay,fromwhichwemaywellpredictthatinthefollowingparttheauthorisgoingto（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.theyaremorepowerfulthanotherEuropeanairlines

B.theirtotallosswon’tgobeyondadropof5%passengers

C.theirtrafficlevelswillreturnin2-3years

D.travelingbyrailcannevercatchupwithtravelingbyair

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.worried.

B.delighted

C.puzzled

D.unrivaled

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.provideacomparisonwithEurostar

B.supporttheairlines’optimism

C.provetheinevitabledropofairpassengers

D.callforelectrificationandmodernizationoftherailway

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theEurostartrainserviceisnotdoinggoodbusiness

B.theairlinescanwellcompetewiththerailway

C.theEurostartrainserviceonlycausedlittledamage

D.onlysomeairlines,suchasAirFrance,aresuffering

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.praisetheairlines’clear-mindedness

B.warntheairlinesofhigh-speedrailservices

C.proposeareductionofLondon/Parisflights

D.advisetheairlinestofollowBritishMidlandastheirmodel

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:B

【解析】41.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Thedamagewillbelimited,however,theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，可知航空公司相信，損失將是有限的，乘客數(shù)量將在兩到三年內(nèi)恢復(fù)到以前的水平。可判斷出英國(guó)航空公司堅(jiān)信他們的交通水平將在2-3年內(nèi)恢復(fù)。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

42.作者態(tài)度題?？v觀全文，作者認(rèn)為列車的開(kāi)通對(duì)航空公司的影響力度是有限的，客人最后還是會(huì)重新選擇航空運(yùn)輸，所以對(duì)乘客數(shù)目下降的現(xiàn)象還是持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度的，但是從整篇文章的語(yǔ)氣來(lái)看，作者還是心存擔(dān)憂的。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

43.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“theairlinesbelieve,withpassengernumbersreturningtopreviouslevelswithintwotothreeyears.”，客戶自航空公司堅(jiān)信乘客最終還是會(huì)選擇航空運(yùn)輸。又根據(jù)文章最后一段，“Theairlines’optimismonreturningtrafficlevelsisbasedonhistoricalprecedent.”，可知航空公司對(duì)恢復(fù)客流量水平的樂(lè)觀態(tài)度是基于歷史先例?？赏茢喑鲎髡呦挛奶岬紹ritishRail的例子就是為了證明這一觀點(diǎn)：航空公司對(duì)航空運(yùn)輸?shù)乃匠挚陀^態(tài)度。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

44.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第五段，“OntheBrusselsroute,therailwaycompanyhadlesssuccess,andtheairlinesreportanythingfromarounda5%droptonovisibledeclineintraffic.”，可知在布魯塞爾的航線上，鐵路公司沒(méi)有那么成功，航空公司的報(bào)告顯示，只造成了5%左右的下降，并沒(méi)有明顯的影響?？赏茢喑霾剪斎麪栬F路的開(kāi)通事例說(shuō)明了歐洲之星列車只對(duì)航空運(yùn)輸造成了很小的損害。選項(xiàng)C符合題意。

45.推斷題。整篇文章都在說(shuō)明和強(qiáng)調(diào)航空公司對(duì)列車開(kāi)通帶來(lái)的乘客流量下降并沒(méi)有很重視，而是一直持樂(lè)觀態(tài)度，相信乘客最終會(huì)選擇航空運(yùn)輸，但是作者卻對(duì)此表現(xiàn)出擔(dān)憂，可推斷出作者在接下來(lái)的文段中將會(huì)給予航空公司一些警告，以讓他們能注重列車服務(wù)發(fā)展帶來(lái)的沖擊。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

10.單選題

ThenumberofspeakersofEnglishinShakespeare’stimeisestimatedtohavebeenaboutfivemillion.Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.

ItisvirtuallyimpossibletoestimatethenumberofpeopleintheworldwhohaveacquiredanadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglishinadditiontotheirownlanguage.ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.

ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage.Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedissemination（傳播）ofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.

26.Thereareabout260millionpeoplewhocanspeak__________.

27.Accordingtothispassage,theEnglishlanguagemightbeused

__________.

28.Theauthorseemstobewondering__________.

29.“thesecountries”（Para.3）mostprobablyrefersto__________.

30.Acommonlanguageisnecessaryforsomemulti-lingualcountries__________.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Englishinitsregionalvariety

B.Englishinitsstandardvariety

C.Englishasasecondlanguage

D.Englishasaworkinglanguage

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.foronlyonereasonthatEnglishisbecominganinternationallanguage

B.mainlybypeoplefromtheAmericancontinentandtheEuropeancontinent

C.asanofficiallanguageinaninternationalconferenceontheAmericanculture

D.inscienceandtechnologyaswellasinculturalandhistoricalstudiesofallcountries

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.whatmakesupone’sadequateworkingknowledgeofEnglish

B.whyEnglishcanservesomanyneedsofvariouspeople

C.howtorelatethetechnologicalproblemsinairportcommunications

D.whenEnglishbecamesowidelyused

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thedevelopingcountrieswhichusedtobecolonies

B.theformerBritishcolonieswhichnowaredeveloping

C.thecolonizedcountrieswhichbecomeasstrongasBritain

D.thedevelopingcountrieswhicharestillcolonizedbyBritain

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.forbothinternalandinternationalcommunications

B.foraccesstothedevelopmentinothercountries

C.forhigherefficiencyofthegovernmentandbetterlifeofthepublic

D.forwidercommunicationsamongcolonialnations

【答案】第1題:B

第2題:D

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:A

【解析】26.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第二三句，Todayitisestimatedthatsome260millionpeoplespeakitasanativelanguage,mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.InadditiontothestandardvarietiesofEnglishfoundintheseareas,thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage…“今天，據(jù)估計(jì)大約有2.6億人把英語(yǔ)作為母語(yǔ)使用，主要分布在美國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭。除了在這些地區(qū)發(fā)現(xiàn)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)變體外，還有許多地區(qū)和社會(huì)的英語(yǔ)變體”，由此可知答案選B選項(xiàng)“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)”。

A選項(xiàng)“具有地域多樣性的英語(yǔ)”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，由此可知這里錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)作為第二語(yǔ)言”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

D選項(xiàng)“作為工作語(yǔ)言的英語(yǔ)”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有，所以不選。

27.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第三段第二句話Besidesservingtheinfiniteneedsofitsnativespeakers,Englishisalanguageinwhichsomeofthemostimportantworksinscience,technology,andotherfieldsarebeingproduced,andnotalwaysbynativespeakers.“除了滿足以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人無(wú)窮無(wú)盡的需求外，在科學(xué)、技術(shù)和其他領(lǐng)域，一些最重要的著作也是用英語(yǔ)寫(xiě)成的，而且這些著作并不總是由以英語(yǔ)為母語(yǔ)的人寫(xiě)成的”，從這里可知D選項(xiàng)“（被用）在科學(xué)和技術(shù)以及所有國(guó)家的文化和歷史研究中”正確；

A選項(xiàng)“英語(yǔ)成為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言只有一個(gè)原因”，定位到第二段最后一句ThepurposesforwhichEnglishislearnedandthesituationsinwhichsuchlearningtakesplacearesovariedthatitisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的和學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的環(huán)境是如此不同，很難定義，更難以評(píng)估什么構(gòu)成了每一種情況下的充分的工作知識(shí)?！睆倪@里可知人們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的目的不同，也就導(dǎo)致英語(yǔ)成為國(guó)際語(yǔ)言的原因是多種因素綜合起來(lái)的，所以A選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，這里屬于以偏概全；

B選項(xiàng)“主要是來(lái)自美洲大陸和歐洲大陸的人”，定位到第一段第二句話mainlyintheUnitedStates,Canada,GreatBritain,Ireland,SouthAfrica,AustraliaandNewZealand.“主要分布在美國(guó)、加拿大、英國(guó)、愛(ài)爾蘭、南非、澳大利亞和新西蘭”從這里可知B選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，非洲大陸也有很多國(guó)家講英語(yǔ)，這里屬于以偏概全；

C選項(xiàng)“作為美國(guó)文化國(guó)際會(huì)議的官方語(yǔ)言”，定位到第三段第三句Itiswidelyusedforsuchpurposesasmeteorologicalandairportcommunications,internationalconferences,andthedisseminationofinformationovertheradioandtelevisionnetworksofmanynations.“它被廣泛用于氣象和機(jī)場(chǎng)通信、國(guó)際會(huì)議以及通過(guò)許多國(guó)家的無(wú)線電和電視網(wǎng)絡(luò)傳播信息等目的”，從這里可以看出不止是美國(guó)，很多國(guó)家在開(kāi)國(guó)際會(huì)議時(shí)都用的是英語(yǔ)，這里屬于以偏概全。

28.主旨大意題。關(guān)注首末兩段中心句，第一段中心句是第二句thereareagreatmanyregionalandsocialvarietiesofthelanguage,aswellasvariouslevelsofusagethatareemployedbothinitsspokenandwrittenforms.“這種語(yǔ)言有許多地區(qū)和社會(huì)變體，在口語(yǔ)和書(shū)面形式中也有不同程度的用法”，這是文章的中心句，這段說(shuō)明英語(yǔ)的廣泛使用；第三段中心句是ThemainreasonforthewidespreaddemandforEnglishisitspresent-dayimportanceasaworldlanguage“對(duì)英語(yǔ)的廣泛需求的主要原因是它作為一種世界語(yǔ)言在當(dāng)今的重要性”，這段講的是為什么很多人會(huì)學(xué)英語(yǔ)的原因。結(jié)合兩者可知作者主要是弄清楚B選項(xiàng)“為什么英語(yǔ)能滿足不同人的需求”。

A選項(xiàng)“是什么構(gòu)成了一個(gè)人足夠的英語(yǔ)工作知識(shí)”，作者已經(jīng)在第二段最后一句說(shuō)明了itisdifficulttodefineandstillmoredifficulttoassesswhatconstitutesanadequateworkingknowledgeforeachsituation.“定義每種情況下的充分工作知識(shí)是困難的，更困難的是評(píng)估”，所以這里不能選，屬于反向干擾。

C選項(xiàng)“如何聯(lián)系機(jī)場(chǎng)通訊中的技術(shù)問(wèn)題”，文章沒(méi)有提及屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)英語(yǔ)變得如此廣泛使用時(shí)”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，文章的主要內(nèi)容是為什么英語(yǔ)被廣泛使用的原因，不是時(shí)間，這里屬于反向干擾。

29.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第三段倒數(shù)第二句Itisalanguageofwidercommunicationforanumberofdevelopingcountries,especiallyformerBritishcolonies.從這里可以看出“這些國(guó)家”指的是以前被英國(guó)殖民過(guò)的發(fā)展中國(guó)家，B選項(xiàng)“現(xiàn)在正在發(fā)展的前英國(guó)殖民地”是其同義替代選項(xiàng)，所以答案選B選項(xiàng)；

A選項(xiàng)“曾經(jīng)是殖民地的發(fā)展中國(guó)家”，見(jiàn)正確選項(xiàng)，以前是殖民地但不一定是英國(guó)的殖民地，屬于偷換概念。

C選項(xiàng)“成為和英國(guó)一樣強(qiáng)大的殖民地國(guó)家”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“仍然被英國(guó)殖民的發(fā)展中國(guó)家”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

30.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第三段最后一句話Manyofthesecountrieshavemultilingualpopulationsandneedalanguageforinternalcommunicationinsuchmattersasgovernment,commerceindustry,lawandeducationaswellasforinternationalcommunicationandforaccesstothescientificandtechnologicaldevelopmentintheWest.“這些國(guó)家中有許多人口使用多種語(yǔ)言，在政府、商業(yè)、工業(yè)、法律和教育等方面的內(nèi)部交流以及國(guó)際交流和了解西方的科學(xué)和技術(shù)發(fā)展都需要一種語(yǔ)言?！睆倪@里可以知道答案選A選項(xiàng)“用于國(guó)內(nèi)和國(guó)際交流”。

B選項(xiàng)“為了和其他國(guó)家的發(fā)展接軌”文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“為了更高的效率和更好的公眾生活”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

D選項(xiàng)“殖民國(guó)家之間更廣泛的交流”，文章沒(méi)有提及，屬于無(wú)中生有。

11.單選題

Hewasverypluckyindealingwiththeintruders.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.timid

B.brave

C.shy

D.nervous

【答案】B

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。A項(xiàng)timid“膽小的，羞怯的”，B項(xiàng)brave“勇敢的，無(wú)畏的，表現(xiàn)勇敢的”，C項(xiàng)shy“害羞的，畏縮的”，D項(xiàng)nervous“神經(jīng)的，緊張不安的”。句意：他在對(duì)付闖入者時(shí)非常勇敢。根據(jù)句意可知，plucky在句中表示“勇敢”。因此，該題選擇B項(xiàng)。

12.單選題

Certainanimalbehaviors,suchasmatingrituals'seemtobe_______,andtherefore_______externalfactorssuchasclimatechanges,foodsupply,orthepresenceofotheranimalsofthesamespecies.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.learned...immuneto

B.innate...unaffectedby

C.intricate...belongto

D.specific...confusedwith

【答案】B

【解析】learned...immuneto學(xué)到的不受感染;innate...unaffectedby先天的不受影響;intricate...belongto復(fù)雜的屬于;specific...confusedwith特定的混淆。句意：某些動(dòng)物的行為,如交配儀式,似乎是與生俱來(lái)的,因此不受外部因素的影響,如氣候變化,食物供應(yīng),或其他動(dòng)物相同物種的存在。選項(xiàng)B符合句意。

13.單選題

Agoodwayto（

）alanguageistoliveinthenativeculturewiththenativespeakers.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.require

B.