考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解篇

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-婁底職業(yè)技術(shù)學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請謹(jǐn)慎購買！第I卷一.綜合題庫-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Afterall,thefoodcrisisisoverandthewoodwill（

）itslong-termupwardtrendinagricultureproduction.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.resume

B.renew

C.recover

D.restore

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。resume“重新開始，繼續(xù)”；renew“更新”；recover“恢復(fù)”；restore“恢復(fù)，還原”。句意：畢竟糧食危機(jī)已經(jīng)解除，木材將繼續(xù)它在農(nóng)業(yè)產(chǎn)品中的上漲趨勢。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

2.單選題

Therateatwhichsoilcanabsorbwater（

）withcontinuouswetting,sothelongera（

）lasts,orthegreatertherateofprecipitation,thehigherthepercentageofwaterthatwillflowacrossthegroundasrunoffandenterstreamchannels.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.rises...deluge

B.diminishes...drought

C.increases...shower

D.decreases...rainstorm

【答案】D

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析和名詞詞義辨析。rise“提升，增加”；deluge“洪水，暴雨”；diminish“使減少，使變小”；drought“干旱，缺乏”；increase“增加，增長”；shower“淋浴，陣雨”；decrease“減少，減小”；rainstorm“暴風(fēng)雨，大暴雨”。句意：土壤吸收水分的速度隨著濕度加大而降低，所以暴雨持續(xù)時(shí)間較長，降水率越大，地面徑流和匯入河流的水就越多。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

3.單選題

Forthefirsttime,wefound____thatallowustoconnectthefirstphaseofhumanevolutionandthesecondphase.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.theories

B.morasses

C.frescos

D.fossils

【答案】D

【解析】theory理論,學(xué)說;morass沼澤;fresco壁畫;fossil化石。句意：我們第一次發(fā)現(xiàn)了化石,它使我們能夠把人類進(jìn)化的第一階段和第二階段聯(lián)系起來。選項(xiàng)D符合句意。

4.單選題

Bytheyearof2025,scientistsprobably______acureforcancer.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.willbediscovering

B.arediscovering

C.willhavediscovered

D.havediscovered

【答案】C

【解析】考查將來完成時(shí)。句意：到2025年，科學(xué)家們可能已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)了治療癌癥的方法。根據(jù)語境，可知這個(gè)句子的時(shí)態(tài)是將來完成時(shí)，在這里表示將來完成時(shí)表示在將來某一時(shí)間以前已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作，其結(jié)構(gòu)是will（第二、三人稱）+have+過去分詞（done），C選項(xiàng)willhavediscovered符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.單選題

Thecaraccidentwas（）tothedriver'sviolationofthetrafficregulations.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.assigned

B.contributed

C.attributed

D.transferred

【答案】C

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。assign“分配，指派”；contribute“貢獻(xiàn)”；attribute“歸屬，把…歸于”；transfer“轉(zhuǎn)讓，轉(zhuǎn)移”。句意：這起交通事故是由于司機(jī)違反交通規(guī)則造成的。C項(xiàng)符合題意。

6.單選題

Davidlikescountrylifeandhasdecidedto（

）farming.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.goinfor

B.gothroughwith

C.gobackon

D.goalongwith

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞辨析。goinfor意為“從事，喜歡”；gothroughwith意為“完成，把……進(jìn)行到底”；gobackon意為“違背，背棄”；goalongwith意為“贊同，接受，服從”。

句意：大衛(wèi)喜歡鄉(xiāng)村生活，并決定從事耕作。

7.單選題

ProfessorSmithandBrownwill（）ingivingtheclasslectures.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.differ

B.alternate

C.change

D.alter

【答案】B

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。differ“與……不同”；alternate“交流，輪流，交替發(fā)生”；change“改變”；alter“改變，更改，修改”。句意：史密斯教授和布朗教授輪流上課。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

8.單選題

Togiveyouageneralideaofourproducts,weenclosethecataloguesshowingvariousproductshandledbyuswithdetailed（

）andmeansofpacking.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.specimens

B.inspections

C.paraphrases

D.specifications

【答案】D

【解析】考查名詞辨析。specimens樣品，范例；inspections檢查，檢閱；paraphrases釋義；specification規(guī)格，參數(shù)。句意：為了讓您對我們的產(chǎn)品有個(gè)大概的了解，我們隨函給您附了產(chǎn)品目錄，它展示了多種我們所經(jīng)營的產(chǎn)品，包括詳細(xì)的規(guī)格和包裝方法。D項(xiàng)最符合題意，答案D

9.單選題

Sincetheearlynineties,the

trendinmostbusinesseshasbeentowardon-demand,always-availableproductsandservicesthatsuitthecustomer's（

）ratherthanthecompanys.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.benefit

B.availability

C.suitability

D.convenience

【答案】D

【解析】固定搭配。句意:九十年代早期開始，大多數(shù)公司就傾向于經(jīng)營隨需應(yīng)變、隨時(shí)可用的產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)。這樣為顧客提供了，而不是為公司提供便利。

Suitone’sconvenience對…便利。

10.單選題

Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.PriortoEinsteinianphysics,therewasnotrulyadequateformulationoftherelationshipoftimetootherforcesintheuniverse,eventhoughsomeempiricalequationsincludedtimequantities.However,eventheEinsteinianformulationisnotperhapstotallyadequatetothejoboffittingtimeintotheproperrelationshipwiththeotherdimensions,astheyarecalled,ofspace.Theprimaryproblemarisesinrelationtothingswhichmightbegoingfasterthanthespeedoflight,orhaveotherstrangeproperties.

ExaminationoftheLorentz-Fitzgeraldformulasyieldstheinterestingspeculationthatifsomethingdidactuallyexceedthespeedoflightitwouldhaveitsmassexpressedasanimaginarynumberandwouldseemtobegoingbackwardsintime.Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikelyformassesthatarelargeinnormalcircumstances-thentheothersidemaybeachievable.

Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.Therehavebeen,infact,someobservationsofparticlechamberswhichhaveleadsomescientiststospeculatethataparticlecalledthetachyonmayexistwiththetans-lightpropertieswehavejustdiscussed.

Thedifficultiesofimaginingandcopingwiththesepotentialimplicationsofourmathematicalmodelspointsouttheimportanceofstudyingalternativemethodsofnotationforadvancedphysics.ProfessorZuckerkandl,inhisbookSoundandSymbol,hypothesizesthatitmightbebettertoexpresstherelationshipsfoundinquantummechanicsthroughtheuseofanotationderivedfrommusicalnotations.Tooversimplifygreatly,hearguesthatmusichasalwaysgivenparametersordimensions.Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.

Thepointofthis,oranyotheralternativetothecurrentmethodsofdescribingbasicphysicalprocesses,isthattimedoesnotappear-eitherbycommonexperienceorsophisticatedscientificunderstanding-tobethesamesortofdimensionorparameterasphysicaldimensions,andisdeservingofcompletelyspecialtreatment,inasystemofnotationdesignedtoaccomplishthatgoal.

Oneapproachwouldbetoconsidertimetobeafieldeffectgovernedbytheapplicationofenergytomass-thatistosay,bytheinteractionofdifferentformsofenergy,ifyouwishtokeepinmindtheequivalenceofmassandenergy.Themovementofanynormalsortofmassisboundtoproduceafieldeffectthatwecallpositivetime.Animaginarymasswouldproduceanegativetimefieldeffect.ThisisnotatvariancewithEinstein’stheories,sincethe“faster”agivenmassmovesthemoreenergywasappliedtoitandthegreaterwouldbethefieldeffect.ThetimeeffectspredictedbyEinsteinandconfirmedbyexperienceare,itseem,consonantwiththisconcept.

1.Thepassagesupportstheinferencethat（）.

2.Thecentralideaofthepassagecanbebestdescribedasbeingwhichofthefollowing?

3.Accordingtotheauthor,itistoosoonto（）.

4.ItcanbeinferredthattheauthorseesZuckerkandlasbelievingthatmathematicsisa(n)（）.

5.Inthefirstsentence,theauthorrefersto“philosopher”aswellasto“scientist”because（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Einstein’stheoryofrelativelyiswrong

B.timetravelisclearlypossible

C.tachyonsdonothavethesamesortofmassasanyotherparticles

D.itisimpossibletotravelatpreciselythespeedoflight

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Newobservationsrequirethedevelopmentofnewtheoriesandnewmethodsofdescribingthenewtheories.

B.Einsteinianphysicscanbemuchimprovedoninitstreatmentoftachyons.

C.Zuckerkandl’stheoriesoftachyonformationarepreferabletoEinstein’s.

D.Anomaliesintheoreticalphysicsnotationpermitintriguinghypothesesandindicatetheneedforrefinednotationofthetimedimension.

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.callBeethovenaphysicist.

B.planfortimetravel.

C.adoptproposalssuchasZuckerkandl’s

D.attempttoimprovecurrentnotation.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.difficultfieldofstudy.

B.language.

C.necessaryevil.

D.greathindrancetofullunderstanding.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.thisispartofalargerwork.

B.thenatureoftimeisabasicquestioninphilosophyaswellasphysics.

C.physicistsgetDoctorofPhilosophydegrees.

D.thestudyofthemethodsofanyfieldisaphilosophicalquestion.

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:A

第3題:B

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第二段，“Thebarriertoexceedingthespeedoflightisanapparentneedtohaveaninfinitequantityofmassmovedatexactlythespeedoflight.Ifthissituationcouldbeleapedoverinalargequantumjump-whichseemshighlyunlikely…”，可知超過光速的障礙顯然是需要有一個(gè)無限大的質(zhì)量以光速運(yùn)動(dòng)。如果這種情況可以通過一個(gè)巨大的量子躍遷來跨越——這似乎極不可能的。可判斷出以光速運(yùn)動(dòng)是不可能的。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

2.主旨題。文章第一段提到總是難以讓時(shí)間符合科學(xué)家和哲學(xué)家的宇宙觀，即使愛因斯坦的公式也不能完全解釋其中的關(guān)系。如果存在超過光速的物質(zhì)，它可能會(huì)落后于時(shí)間。下文繼續(xù)提到了新的理論提出如何解決其中的問題，并且與愛因斯坦的理論并不矛盾?？膳袛喑霰疚牡闹行乃枷胧切碌挠^察需要發(fā)展新的理論和描述新理論的新方法。選項(xiàng)A符合題意。

3.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第三段，“Theideaofgoingbackwardsintimeisderivedfromtheexistenceofatimevectorthatisnegative,althoughjustwhatthismightmeantooursensesintheunlikelycircumstanceofourexperiencingthisstatecannotbeconjectured.”，可知時(shí)間倒流的概念來自于一個(gè)負(fù)的時(shí)間矢量的存在，盡管我們無法推測這對我們的感官意味著什么，當(dāng)我們經(jīng)歷這種狀態(tài)的不太可能的情況的時(shí)候，可知人們現(xiàn)階段難以實(shí)現(xiàn)時(shí)間旅行?？赏茢喑鲇?jì)劃時(shí)間旅行還為時(shí)過早。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

4.細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)文章第四段，“Therefore,itmightbeamoreusefullanguageinwhichtoexpresstherelationshipsinphysicswheretimeagainhasaspecialroletoplay,andcannotbetreatedasjustanotherdimension.”，可知他認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)可能是一種更有用的語言，用來表達(dá)物理中的關(guān)系，在物理中，時(shí)間再次扮演著特殊的角色，而不能僅僅被視為另一個(gè)維度?？赏茢喑鯶uckerkandl認(rèn)為數(shù)學(xué)是一種語言。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

5.推斷題。根據(jù)文章第一句，“Ithasalwaysbeendifficultforthephilosopherorscientisttofittimeintohisviewoftheuniverse.”，可知對哲學(xué)家或科學(xué)家來說，要把時(shí)間融入宇宙觀中一直是困難的?？赏茢喑鰰r(shí)間的本質(zhì)是哲學(xué)和物理學(xué)中的一個(gè)基本問題。選項(xiàng)B符合題意。

11.寫作題

Directions:Use200-250wordstopresentyourviewsonthetopicbelow,usingrelevantreasonsandexamplestosupportthem.

“High-speedelectroniccommunicationsmedia,suchaselectronicmailandtelevision,tendtopreventmeaningfulandthoughtfulcommunication.”

【答案】略

12.單選題

Iwillholdyoupersonally（

）ifanythinggoeswronginthisproject.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.destructive

B.liable

C.diverse

D.responsible

【答案】D

【解析】考查形容詞辨析。destructive意為“破壞性的”；liable意為“（法律上）負(fù)有償付責(zé)任，可能（做某事）”，指在不履行債務(wù)等時(shí)應(yīng)負(fù)法律責(zé)任或受罰；diverse意為“不同的，多種多樣的”；responsible意為“負(fù)責(zé)的，可靠的，有責(zé)任的”，指能熟練而出色地履行職責(zé)或完成任務(wù)，或在出差錯(cuò)而對其原因有爭執(zhí)時(shí)承擔(dān)過失。

句意：假如這個(gè)項(xiàng)目出了任何問題，我將追究你個(gè)人的責(zé)任。

13.單選題

Withoutclearguidelines（）,executivesofhospitalsaresometimesatalossaboutwhattodo.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.inorder

B.inplace

C.inneed

D.introuble

【答案】B

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A項(xiàng)inorder“整齊，秩序井然”，B項(xiàng)inplace“適當(dāng)，在恰當(dāng)?shù)奈恢谩保珻項(xiàng)inneed“在危難中，在窮困中”，D項(xiàng)introuble表示“處于不幸中”。句意：在沒有明確的指導(dǎo)方針的情況下，醫(yī)院的管理人員有時(shí)會(huì)不知所措。因此B項(xiàng)正確。

14.單選題

Sincethesituationischanging,let’stakesome（）measurestodealwithit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.available

B.changeable

C.considerable

D.flexible

【答案】D

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。available可獲得的；changeable多變的；considerable相當(dāng)大的，重要的；flexible靈活的。句意：既然情況在變化，讓我們采取一些靈活的措施來處理它。選項(xiàng)B和D在句意上似乎都可以，但這里修飾的名詞是measures，所以選項(xiàng)D更恰當(dāng)一些。

15.單選題

Themarketfordustmasksandairpurifiersis（

）inBeijingbecausethecapitalhasbeenshroudedforseveraldaysinthickfogandhaze.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.booming

B.looming

C.dooming

D.zooming

【答案】A

【解析】考查形近詞辨析。booming“興旺的，繁榮的”；looming“隱隱約約的，正在逼近的”；dooming“命中注定，宣判”；zooming“急速上升的”。句意：北京的口罩和空氣凈化器市場正在迅速發(fā)展，因?yàn)槭锥家呀?jīng)連續(xù)幾天籠罩在濃霧之中。因此A選項(xiàng)符合題意。

16.單選題

ConflicthadexistedbetweenSpainandEnglandsincethe1570s.EnglandwantedashareofthewealththatSpainhadbeentakingfromthelandsithadclaimedintheAmericas.ElizabethⅡ,QueenofEngland,encouragedherstaunchadmiralofthenavy,SirFrancisDrake,toraidSpanishshipsandtowns.Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.Religiousdifferencesalsocausedconflictbetweenthetwocountries.WhereasSpainwasRomanCatholic,mostofEnglandhadbecomeProtestant.KingPhilipⅡofSpainwantedtoclaimthethroneandmakeEnglandaCatholiccountryagain.

TosatisfyhisambitionandalsotoretaliateagainstEngland’stheftofhisgoldandsilver,KingPhilipbegantobuildhisfleetofwarships,theSpanishArmada,inJanuary1586.Philipintendedhisfleettobeindestructible.Inadditiontobuildingnewwarships,hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.

ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.ThevoyageresumedonJuly22aftertheweatherbecamemorestable.TheSpanishfeetmetthesmaller,faster,andmoremaneuverable.EnglishshipsinbattleoffthecoastofPlymouth,England,firstonJuly31andagainonAugust2.ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.OnAugust7,whiletheArmadalayatanchorontheFrenchsideoftheStraitofDover,EnglandsenteightburningshipsintothemidstoftheSpanishfleettosetitonfire.Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.BeforetheArmadacouldregroup,theEnglishattackedagainonAugust8.

AlthoughtheSpaniardsmadeavaliantefforttofightback,thefleetsufferedextensivedamage.Duringtheeighthoursofbattle,theArmadadriftedperilouslyclosetotherockycoastline.AtthemomentwhenitseemedthattheSpanishshipswouldbedrivenontotheEnglishshore,thewindshifted,andtheArmadadriftedoutintotheNorthSea.TheSpaniardsrecognizedthesuperiorityoftheEnglishfleetandreturnedhome,defeated.

1.SirFrancisDrakeaddedwealthtothetreasuryanddiminishedSpain’s________.

2.KingPhiliprecruitedmany________soldiersandsailors.

3.The________ArmadasetsailonMay9,1588.

4.ThetwobattleslefttheSpanishfleet________.

5.TheArmadawas________ononeside.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.unlimitedpower

B.unrestrictedgrowth

C.territory

D.treaties

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.warlike

B.strong

C.accomplished

D.timid

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.complete

B.warlike

C.independent

D.isolated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.opentochange

B.triumphant

C.opentoattack

D.defeated

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.closedoff

B.damaged

C.alone

D.circled

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:B

第3題:B

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第一段第四句Thoughtheseraidswereonasmallscale,Drakeachieveddramaticsuccess,addinggoldandsilvertoEngland’streasuryanddiminishingSpain’ssupremacy.（雖然這些突襲的規(guī)模很小，但是德雷克取得了引人注目的成功，為英格蘭國庫增加了黃金和白銀，削弱了西班牙的霸主地位。），supremacy的意思為“至高無上；最大權(quán)力；最高地位”，所以A選項(xiàng)“無限力量”正確。B選項(xiàng)“無限制的增長”，C選項(xiàng)“領(lǐng)土”和D選項(xiàng)“條約”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第二段第二句hemarshaled130sailingvesselsofalltypesandrecruitedmorethan19,000robustsoldiersand8,000sailors.（他指揮了130艘各類帆船，招募了19,000多名強(qiáng)壯的士兵和8,000多名水手。），robust的意思為“強(qiáng)壯的；強(qiáng)勁的”，在這里B選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)壯的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“好戰(zhàn)的；軍事的”，C選項(xiàng)“技藝高超的”和D選項(xiàng)“膽小的”不符合題意。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Althoughsomeofhisshipslackedgunsandotherslackedammunition,PhilipwasconvincedthathisAmadacouldwithstandanybattlewithEngland.（盡管他的一些船只缺少槍支和彈藥，但菲利普堅(jiān)信他的無敵艦隊(duì)可以抵抗任何與英國的戰(zhàn)爭。），可知這支艦隊(duì)是用于軍事的，所以B選項(xiàng)“軍事的”正確。A選項(xiàng)“完整的”，C選項(xiàng)“獨(dú)立的”和D選項(xiàng)“孤立的”：根據(jù)第三段第一句ThemartialArmadasetsailfromLisbon,Portugal,onMay9,1588,butbadweatherforceditbacktoport.（1588年5月9日，“無敵艦隊(duì)”從葡萄牙里斯本起航，但惡劣的天氣迫使它返回港口。），這里沒有提到是否是整支艦隊(duì)參與行動(dòng)，并且這些參與行動(dòng)的船只一起行動(dòng)，并沒有獨(dú)立和孤立，故錯(cuò)誤。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

4.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段第四句ThetwobattlesleftSpainvulnerable,havinglostseveralshipsandwithitsammunitiondepleted.（這兩場戰(zhàn)役使西班牙變得脆弱不堪，損失了幾艘戰(zhàn)艦，也耗盡了彈藥。），vulnerable意思為“易受攻擊的”，所以C選項(xiàng)“易受攻擊”正確，A選項(xiàng)“接受改變”，B選項(xiàng)“大獲全勝”和D選項(xiàng)“戰(zhàn)敗”不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

5.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段倒數(shù)第二句Blockedononeside,theSpanishshipscouldonlydriftawaytheircrewsinpanicanddisorder.（西班牙船只被堵在一邊，船員們只能在恐慌和混亂中漂流。），Blocked意思為“封鎖”，所以A選項(xiàng)“封鎖”正確。B選項(xiàng)“破壞”，C選項(xiàng)“單獨(dú)的”和D選項(xiàng)“包圍的”不符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.案例題

Duringthenormaldevelopmentofself,achildisaffectedbycertaininfluentialfactors.（1）.Infantsformanattachmentwiththemotherthatmustundergoaprocessofseparationandindividuation.Objectrelationspsychologyexaminesthisrelationship,whichdependsontheabilityofthechildtoseparatehimselffromhisobject,themother,andrealizethatheisaseparateindividual.（2）.Certainly,affectionate,caringparentsareessentialaswell.Asthechildbeginstodevelophissenseofself,hemustmastercertaindevelopmentaltasksthatarepartofgrowingup,suchasacquisitionoflanguageandtoilettraining.（3）.

（4）.Sinceaninfantsrelationshipwithhismotherissoimportant,accordingtomanypsychologists,whateffectdoesbeingseparatedfromthebiologicalmotherhaveontheadoptedchild?（5）.Butwhataboutachildwhoisolderwhenheisadopted?

（6）.Whenheisplacedwithanadoptivefamily,heislikelytoexperienceseparationanxietyfrombisfostermother,whocanberegardedassymbolicallyabandoninghimashisownbiologicalmotherdid.

（7）.Nowitseemsasthoughhehastostartover;hisprotestingmaygivewaytodespairasheyearnsforpeoplewhousedtobeinhislife.Theadoptivefamilyshouldofferasmuchaffectionandsecurityaspossibletoreassurethechildthatheissafe,thattheyarereliablesourcesoflovingcare,andthattheywillhelphimthroughthisdifficultstage.

（8）.Althoughhemaynotmindtheactualseparationfromhismotherwhenhegoestoplayschoolordaycare,hemaybecomeobsessedaboutthetimewhenhismotherissupposedtopickhimupatdaycareorkindergarten;tardinessmayprovokefearsaboutcaraccidentsordeath.

Ontheotherhand,somepsychologistsbelievethatachildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparentsandthereforemorepronetoseparationanxietythanaresomeofthosewhoaretreatedmoreroughly.（9）.Onthecontrary,thecapacitytoexperienceseparationanxietycanberegardedasasignofthehealthypersonality.（10）.

Inthefollowingarticle,somesentenceshavebeenremoved.ForQuestions1?10,choosethemostsuitableonefromthelistatojtofitintoeachofthenumberedblank.

A.Asafe,lovingenvironmentisanothernecessarycomponentforthedevelopmentofahealthyself-concept.

B.Forinfantsadoptedatbirth,theeffectmaybeminimal,fortheinfanthasoftenhadnoopportunitytobondwiththebiologicalmother.

C.Sincesuch"dependence"inthewell-lovedchildisoutgrownandlaterprovidesthebasisforastableindependence,itwouldbeamistaketosupposeittobepathological.

D.Oneofthemostimportantinvolveshisrelationshipwithhismother.

E.What,then,effectdoesadoptionhaveonthedevelopmentofahealthysenseofself?

F.Histransitiontolivinginanadoptivehomemaybedifficultasheadjuststonewsurroundingsandcaregiversbecause,bytheageof18months,hehasalreadybeguntodevelopasenseofselfinrelationtoothers.

G.Despitetheseactions,sometimesachildmaycontinuetosufferfromseparationanxiety.

H.Anythingthatinterruptsthedevelopmentoftheseimportantskillsmayinterferewithdevelopingahealthyself-concept.

I.Consideratoddleradoptedattheageof18monthswhohaslivedinthesamefosterhomesincebirth.

J.Anadoptedchild,then,hasatleastanaveragechanceofsuccessfulindividuation,assumingheisadoptedbylovingparents.

【答案】（1）D

（2）A

（3）H

（4）I

（5）B

（6）F

（7）E

（8）G

（9）C

（10）J

【解析】1.根據(jù)下文：嬰兒與母親形成依戀關(guān)系，必須經(jīng)歷分離和個(gè)性化的過程。所以填空處應(yīng)該與嬰兒和母親之間的關(guān)系相關(guān)。

2.根據(jù)下文：父母對子女的愛心和關(guān)愛是必不可少的...。選項(xiàng)A一個(gè)安全,充滿愛的環(huán)境是發(fā)展健康自我概念的另一必要因素，與下文相對應(yīng)，所以正確。

3.上文提到了developmentaltasks,選項(xiàng)H中"thedevelopmentoftheseimportantskills"與之相對應(yīng)。

4.根據(jù)下文可知本段主要是講被收養(yǎng)的孩子。這里是進(jìn)行舉例，所以選項(xiàng)I符合原文內(nèi)容。

5.根據(jù)上文可知，這里是回答收養(yǎng)的孩子與生母之間的關(guān)系，選項(xiàng)B正確。

6.結(jié)合上下文的內(nèi)容可知，這里是描述年齡大一點(diǎn)的被收養(yǎng)的孩子的生活狀況，所以選F。

7.根據(jù)下文的內(nèi)容可知本段主要是講收養(yǎng)對健康的自我意識的發(fā)展的影響。選項(xiàng)E正確。

8.上一段提出了收養(yǎng)家庭應(yīng)如何幫助收養(yǎng)的孩子提供關(guān)愛，度過難關(guān)，但下文的內(nèi)容又指出孩子們依然可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)分離焦慮癥，所以選項(xiàng)G盡管有這些措施，有時(shí)孩子可能會(huì)依然有分離焦慮癥，符合原文邏輯。

9.選項(xiàng)C中的such"dependence"inthewell-lovedchild與上文中的achildwhoisgivenmoreaffectionissometimesmorestronglyattachedtotheirparents相對應(yīng)，所以正確。

10.選項(xiàng)J如果一個(gè)被收養(yǎng)的孩子被慈愛的父母收養(yǎng)，那么他至少有平均的成功個(gè)性化的機(jī)會(huì)。這與上文緊密聯(lián)系,所以正確。

18.單選題

WemetMaryandherhusbandatapartytwomonthsago.（）we’vehadnofurthercommunication.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thereof

B.Thereby

C.Thereafter

D.Thereabouts

【答案】C

【解析】考查副詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)Thereof“由此；在其中；關(guān)于……”；B選項(xiàng)Thereby“從而，因此；在那附近；在那方面”；C選項(xiàng)Thereafter“其后；從那時(shí)以后”；D選項(xiàng)Thereabouts“大約；在那附近”。由后半句“we’vehadnofurthercommunication”（我們沒有進(jìn)一步的聯(lián)系）可知是從上次見過以后就沒有聯(lián)系了，因此是時(shí)間前后的關(guān)系。句意：我們在兩個(gè)月前的一次聚會(huì)上遇到了瑪麗和她的丈夫，此后我們就沒有進(jìn)一步的聯(lián)系了。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

19.單選題

Thegoalistousecrops,weedsandevenanimalwaste（）thepetroleumthatfuelsmuchofAmericanmanufacturing.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.intermsof

B.infavorof

C.inspiteof

D.inplaceof

【答案】D

【解析】固定短語搭配。intermsof“按照”；infavorof“有利于”；inspiteof“盡管”；inplaceof“代替”。句意：目標(biāo)是利用農(nóng)作物、雜草，甚至動(dòng)物的排泄物代替石油來為美國制造業(yè)提供燃料。選項(xiàng)D符合題意。

20.單選題

Language,cultureandpersonalitymaybeconsidered（）ofeachotherinthought,buttheyareinseparableinfact.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.indistinctly

B.indefinitely

C.irrelevantly

D.independently

【答案】D

【解析】indistinctly朦朧地；indefinitely無限地,不明確地；irrelevantly不相干地；independently獨(dú)立地。根據(jù)句意可知應(yīng)填入與inseparable相反的詞,選項(xiàng)D符合語境。

21.單選題

CardinalMEZZOFANTIofBolognawasasecularsaintwhowassaidtospeak72languages.Or50.Noonewascertainofthetruefigure,butitwasalot.VisitorsflockedfromallcomersofEuropetotesthimandcameawaystunned.Twocondemnedprisonerswereduetobeexecuted,butnooneknewtheirlanguagetoheartheirconfession.Mezzofantilearneditinanight,heardtheirsinsthenextmorningandsavedthemfromhell.

Orsothelegendgoes.In“BabelNoMore”,MichaelErardhaswrittenthefirstseriousbookaboutthepeoplewhomastervastnumbersoflanguages—orclaimto.Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese),butheapproacheshistopicwithbothwonderandahealthydashofscepticism.

Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.Thepeoplehemeetsarecertainlyinteresting.Onemanwithamentalageofninehasavastmemoryforforeignwordsandtheuseofgrammaticalendings,buthecannotseemtobreakfreeofEnglishwordorder.KenHals,whowasalinguistattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyanddiedin2001,wassaidtohavelearned50languages.Professionallinguistssillswearbyhistalent.Butheinsistedhespokeonlythree(English,SpanishandWarlpiri—fromAustralia’sNorthernTerritory)andcouldmerely“talk”inothers.Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.

Attheendofhisstory,however,ErardfindsasurpriseinMezzofanti’sarchive:flashcards.Stacksofthem,inGeorgian,Hungarian,Arabic,Algonquinandnineothertongues.Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.Theconclusion?Hyperpolyglotsmaybeginwithtalentbuttheyaren’tgeniuses.Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.

1.Theword“hyperpolyglot”(para.2)referstotheonewho（）.

2.By“ahealthydashofskepticism”,theauthordemonstratesMr.Erard’s（）.

3.Mr.Erard’seffortstofindtheModernMezzofantis（）.

4.Whatistheemphasisinthelastparagraph?

5.Thepassageismostlikelyapartof（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.enjoyslearninglanguages

B.receivesstrictlanguagetraining

C.speaksmanylanguages

D.excelsinlanguagetests

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.biasedopinion

B.objectiveattitude

C.strongmotivation

D.extremecuriosity

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.arenotveryfruitful

B.willnotendinvain

C.seemtopayoff

D.arehighlyappreciated

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Thereisnoshortcutinlanguagelearning.

B.Weallhavethepotentialtobeagoodlanguagelearner.

C.Somepeoplearemoregiftedtolearnlanguages.

D.Goodlanguagelearnershavespeciallearningtechniques.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.aresearchpaper

B.asciencefiction

C.anewsreport

D.abookreview

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.語義推測題。根據(jù)第二段第三句Ajournalistwithsomelinguisticstraining,Mr.Erardisnotahyperpolyglothimself(hespeakssomeSpanishandChinese)，（埃拉爾是一名記者，接受過一些語言學(xué)訓(xùn)練，但他自己并不是（），他會(huì)說一點(diǎn)西班牙語和漢語），會(huì)說一點(diǎn)西班牙語和漢語用來補(bǔ)充解釋前面的hyperpolyglot，和C選項(xiàng)“會(huì)說多種語言”對應(yīng)，hyperpolyglot是“語言狂人”，故C選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“喜歡學(xué)語言”文章沒有提到。B選項(xiàng)“接受嚴(yán)格的語言訓(xùn)練”：Erard學(xué)過一些，說不上嚴(yán)格。D選項(xiàng)“擅長語言測試”，文章沒有講語言測試。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段最后一句Mr.Erardsaysthattruehyperpolyglotterybeginsatabout11languages,andthatwhilelegendsabound,triedandtestedexemplarsarefew.（埃拉爾說，真正的語言狂人大約從會(huì)11種語言開始，雖然傳說比比皆是，但經(jīng)過驗(yàn)證的例子卻很少。），可知實(shí)際上語言狂人沒有大家所知的那么多，所以Erard的懷疑是客觀的，故B選項(xiàng)“客觀的態(tài)度”正確，A選項(xiàng)“有偏見的觀點(diǎn)”錯(cuò)誤。C選項(xiàng)“強(qiáng)烈的動(dòng)機(jī)”和D選項(xiàng)“極度的好奇心”和事例無關(guān)。因此B選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測題。根據(jù)第三段第一句Tofindoutwhetheranyonecouldreallylearnsomanylanguages,Mr.ErardsetouttofindModernMezzofantis.（為了弄清楚是否真的有人能學(xué)會(huì)這么多語言，埃拉爾開始尋找現(xiàn)代的Mezzofantis。），和第三段最后一句triedandtestedexemplarsarefew（通過驗(yàn)證的例子很少），表明Erard的調(diào)查目的起碼有些成效，故C選項(xiàng)“似乎有回報(bào)”正確。A選項(xiàng)“都不是很有成效”：在這過程中Erard遇到很多有趣的人，做了一些測試，得到一些結(jié)果。B選項(xiàng)“不會(huì)徒然結(jié)束”：沒有提到后續(xù)相關(guān)事情。D選項(xiàng)“高度贊賞”：文中沒有對調(diào)查結(jié)果的評價(jià)。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測題。根據(jù)第四段最后兩句Theysimplyenjoytasksthataredrudgerytonormalpeople.Thetalentandenjoymentdriveavirtuouscyclethatpushesthemtofeatsotherssimplyshaketheirheadsat.（他們只是喜歡那些對普通人來說是苦差事的工作。天賦和樂趣驅(qū)動(dòng)著一個(gè)良性循環(huán)，推動(dòng)他們?nèi)ネ瓿蓜e人根本不屑的壯舉。），天賦和樂趣推動(dòng)掌握多種語言的人持續(xù)不斷的學(xué)習(xí)，也就是對普通人來說是苦差事又不屑的壯舉，故A選項(xiàng)“語言學(xué)習(xí)沒有捷徑”正確。B選項(xiàng)“我們都有潛力成為一個(gè)好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者”和C選項(xiàng)“有些人在學(xué)習(xí)語言方面更有天賦”：有的人一開始或許是有天賦，但有天賦還不夠，而持續(xù)學(xué)習(xí)不是普通人會(huì)做的。D選項(xiàng)“好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者有特殊的學(xué)習(xí)技巧”：根據(jù)最后一段第三句Theworld’smostcelebratedhyperpolyglotreliedonthesametoolsgiventofirst-yearlanguagelearnerstoday.（世界上最著名的語言狂人使用的工具和今天給一年級語言學(xué)習(xí)者是一樣的。），可知D選項(xiàng)“好的語言學(xué)習(xí)者有特殊的學(xué)習(xí)技巧”錯(cuò)誤。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。根據(jù)文章通過多個(gè)例子證明自己的觀點(diǎn)，可知本文是議論體裁，故A選項(xiàng)“研究論文”正確。B選項(xiàng)“科幻小說”：沒有幻想和科技的成分。C選項(xiàng)“新聞報(bào)道”：講述事例不夠客觀。D選項(xiàng)“書評”：沒有詳細(xì)評價(jià)和介紹書。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

22.翻譯題

美國人以兩個(gè)特殊的日子向父母表示敬意：這便是每年五月第二個(gè)星期日的母親節(jié)和六月第三個(gè)星期日的父親節(jié)。人們用各種形式來慶賀這兩個(gè)特殊的日子。在母親節(jié)那天，人們佩戴康乃馨（carnation）；很多人還通過參加宗教儀式來向父母致意；在這兩天，許多家庭在家中或到餐館去聚會(huì)。這是充滿歡樂、美好情感和美好回憶的日子。

【答案】PeopleintheUnitedStateshonortheirparentswithtwospecialdays:Mother'sDay,onthesecondSundayinMay,andFather'sDay,onthethirdSundayinJune.Thesedaysaresetasidetoshowloveandrespectforparents.OnMother'sDaypeoplewearcarnations;manypeopleattendreligiousservicestohonorparents.Onthesedaysfamiliesgettogetherathome,aswellasinrestaurants.Thesearedaysoffunandgoodfeelingsandmemories.

23.單選題

Thetwoarticlesarousesuspicion.Thetheory?Thenovel?Sincethereisnosuchthingasthenovel,howcantherebeasingletheory?Oristheeditorsomesoilofmonist?Blinkeredhedgehoginwildfoxcountry?Thejacketidentifiesinwildfoxcountry?ThejacketidentifiesMr.Halperinas“AssociateProfessorandDirectorofGraduateStudiesintheDepartmentofEnglishattheUniversityofSouthernCalifornia.”Thisistrueacademicweight.“HeisalsotheauthorofTheLanguageofMeditation:FourStudiesinNine-teenth-CenturyFictionandEgoismandSelf-DiscoveryintheVictorianNovel,”Well,meditationifnotlanguageisbiginSouthernCalifornia,wheremanyanavocadotreeshadesitssmogboundZenmaster,whil