考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語-安徽中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

Associalbeingswelivewithoureyesuponourreflection,buthaveno（）ofthetranquilityofthewatersinwhichweseeit.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.warrant

B.obligation

C.assurance

D.certainty

【答案】C

【解析】考查名詞辨析。A選項(xiàng)warrant“根據(jù)，證明”，強(qiáng)調(diào)法律依據(jù)，確信無疑的證據(jù)；B選項(xiàng)obligation“職責(zé)，義務(wù)”；C選項(xiàng)assurance“保證，擔(dān)?！保籇選項(xiàng)certainty“必然，確實(shí)”。句意：作為社會(huì)上的人我們堅(jiān)信眼見為實(shí)，但是沒法保證我們所看到的一定就是真實(shí)的。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

2.單選題

Manycountrieshavemadeitillegaltotalkintoahand-heldmobilephonewhiledriving.Butthelatestresearchprovidesfurtherconfirmationthatthedangerlieslessinwhatamotorist’shandsdowhenhetakesacallthaninwhattheconversationdoestohisbrain.Evenusinga“hands-free”devicecanimpairadriver’sattentiontoanalarmingextent.

MelinaKunaroftheUniversityofWarwickandToddHorowitzoftheHarvardMedicalSchoolranaseriesofexperimentsinwhichtwogroupsofvolunteershadtopayattentionandrespondtoaseriesofmovingtasksonacomputerscreenthatwerereckonedequivalentindifficultytodriving.Onegroupwasleftundistractedwhiletheotherhadtoengageinaconversationabouttheirhobbiesusingaspeakerphone.AsDr.KunarandDr.HorowitzreportinPsychonomicBulletin&Review,thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot.That,theycalculate,wouldadd5.7meterstothebrakingdistanceofacartravelingat100kph.Theyfoundthatthegroupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking.

Dr.KunarandDr.Horowitzalsoexploredtheeffectofsimplylisteningtosomething—suchasaradioprogramme.ForthistheyplayedarecordingofthefirstchapterofBramStoker’s“Dracula.”Eventhoughthetestsubjectsweretoldtopayattentionbecausetheywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime.TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.Dr.Kunarreckonsthathavingtothinkaboutresponsesduringaphoneconversationcompetesforthebrain’sresourcesinawaythatlisteningtoamonologuedoesnot.

Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficultenough,eventhoughtheycanbeseenfromoutsidethecar.Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard.Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.Whoknows,theymightevencometoenjoynothavingtotakecalls.Andthey’llbemorelikelytoarriveinonepiece.

1.InKunarandHorowitz’sexperiments,thesubjectswhoperformedtaskswhiletalking（）.

2.AccordingtoFrankDrews,listeningtoapassengertalking（）.

3.Accordingtothelastparagraph,thelawforbiddingtheuseofhand-heldphoneswhendriving（）.

4.Thebesthopeofstoppingpeoplefromusinghands-freephoneslieswith（）.

5.Thepurposeofthepassageisto（）.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.reactedmorequickly,butmademoremistakes

B.reactedmorequicklyandmadefewermistakes

C.reactedmoreslowlyandmademoremistakes

D.reactedmoreslowly,butmadefewermistakes

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.affectsdriversmorethanlisteningtoastory

B.affectsdriversmorethanaphoneconversation

C.haslesseffectonthedriversthanlisteningtoastory

D.haslesseffectonthedriversthanaphoneconversation

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.hasbeenfrequentlybroken

B.isnecessaryandfeasible

C.hasbeenstrictlyenforced

D.willarouseheateddebate

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.carmanufacturers

B.lawmakers

C.newtechnology

D.driversthemselves

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.callonlawmakerstomakestrictlawsontheuseofcellphones

B.informpeopleofthedangerofusingcellphoneswhiledriving

C.weighthebenefitsandharmsofusingcellphoneswhendriving

D.offersuggestionsfordriverswhousecellphoneswhiledriving

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:A

第4題:D

第5題:D

【解析】1.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第二段第三句thosewhoweremakingtheequivalentofahands-freecallhadanaveragereactiontime212millisecondsslowerthanthosewhowerenot（做了相當(dāng)于接聽免提電話的人跟沒有做這個(gè)任務(wù)的人相比，平均反應(yīng)時(shí)間慢了212毫秒）和第五句groupusingthehands-freekitmade83percentmoreerrorsintheirtasksthanthosewhowerenottalking（使用免提工具的那一組在任務(wù)中比那些沒有說話的那一組多出83%的錯(cuò)），可知受干擾的那一組反應(yīng)更慢，錯(cuò)誤更多，故C反應(yīng)更慢，錯(cuò)誤更多正確。其他選項(xiàng)不符合題意。因此C選項(xiàng)正確。

2.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段第三句theywouldbeaskedquestionsaboutthestoryafterwards,ithadlittleeffectontheirreactiontime（他們之后會(huì)被問到關(guān)于這個(gè)故事的問題，但這對(duì)他們的反應(yīng)時(shí)間幾乎沒有影響）和第四句TheresearchledbyFrankDrewsoftheUniversityofUtahsuggeststhesamethingistrueoftheidlechatterofapassenger.（這項(xiàng)由猶他大學(xué)的弗蘭克?德魯斯領(lǐng)導(dǎo)的研究表明，乘客的閑聊也是如此。），可知聽故事和聽顧客講話一樣對(duì)司機(jī)幾乎沒有影響，A選項(xiàng)“比聽故事更影響司機(jī)”和C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)司機(jī)的影響小于聽故事”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第一題，可知電話交談讓司機(jī)反應(yīng)變慢，犯錯(cuò)更多，因此B選項(xiàng)“比電話交談更影響司機(jī)”錯(cuò)誤，D選項(xiàng)“對(duì)司機(jī)影響小于電話交談”正確。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第一句Punishingpeopleforusinghand-heldgadgetswhiledrivingisdifficult（懲罰開車時(shí)手握小工具的行為很難），可知不能嚴(yán)格禁止，C選項(xiàng)“被嚴(yán)格執(zhí)行”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話），可知禁止開車時(shí)使用不可行，B選項(xiàng)“必要且可行”錯(cuò)誤。根據(jù)第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)機(jī)也許是唯一的解決之道。），結(jié)合全文內(nèi)容，可知很多人在開車時(shí)打電話，法律限制不了，只能勸誡，故A選項(xiàng)“經(jīng)常被打破”正確。D選項(xiàng)“將引起激烈辯論”沒有提到。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

4.語義推測(cè)題。根據(jù)第四段第三句Persuadingpeopletoswitchtheirphonesoffaltogetherwhentheygetbehindthewheelmightbetheonlyanswer.（勸誡人們?cè)陂_車時(shí)關(guān)機(jī)也許是唯一的解決之道。），可知最大希望是D選項(xiàng)“司機(jī)自己”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“汽車制造商”：根據(jù)第二句Stoppingpeoplemakinghands-freecallswouldprobablybeimpossible—especiallybecausemoreandmorevehiclesarenowbeingfittedwiththenecessaryequipmentasstandard（不可能阻止人們使用免提電話——尤其是現(xiàn)在越來越多的車輛都配備了必要的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)設(shè)備。），可知汽車制造商甚至加劇了問題。B選項(xiàng)“立法者”：法律不能發(fā)揮作用。C選項(xiàng)“新技術(shù)”：文章沒有提到。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

5.主旨大意題。文章通過各種實(shí)驗(yàn)說明不同活動(dòng)對(duì)開車的影響，點(diǎn)出使用手機(jī)打電話影響最大，最后一段說唯一能夠規(guī)避這種情況的就是司機(jī)自己，可知本文目的是D選項(xiàng)“為開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的司機(jī)提供建議”，故D選項(xiàng)正確。A選項(xiàng)“呼吁立法者對(duì)手機(jī)的使用制定嚴(yán)格的法律”不符合文章觀點(diǎn)。B選項(xiàng)“告訴人們開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的危險(xiǎn)”沒有特別提出；C選項(xiàng)“權(quán)衡開車時(shí)使用手機(jī)的好處和壞處”沒有講到好處。因此D選項(xiàng)正確。

3.單選題

TheFrenchwordrenaissancemeansrebirth.Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.TheconceptofrebirthwasappropriatetothisperiodofEuropeanhistorybecauseoftherenewedinterestinancientGreekandRomanculturethatbeganinItalyandthenspreadthroughoutEurope.ScholarsandartistsofthefifteenthandsixteenthcenturieswantedtorestorethelearningandidealsoftheclassicalcivilizationsofGreeceandRome.Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.Fulfillmentinlife—asopposedtoconcernaboutanafterlife—becameadesirablegoal,andexpressingtheentirerangeofhumanemotionsandenjoyingthepleasuresofthesenseswerenolongerfrownedon.

Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.ThesechangesinoutlookdeeplyaffectedthemusicalcultureoftheRenaissanceperiod—howpeoplethoughtaboutmusicaswellasthewaymusicwascomposed,experienced,discussed,anddisseminateD.Theycouldseethearchitecturalmonuments,sculptures,plays,andpoemsthatwerebeingrediscovered,buttheycouldnotactuallyhearancientmusic—althoughtheycouldreadthewritingsofclassicalphilosophers,poets,essayists,andmusictheoriststhatwerebecomingavailableintranslation.Theylearnedaboutthepowerofancientmusictomovethelistenerandwonderedwhymodernmusicdidnothavethesameeffect.Forexample,theinfluentialreligiousleaderBernardinoCirilloexpresseddisappointmentwiththelearnedmusicofhistime.Heurgedmusicianstofollowtheexampleofthesculptors,painters,architects,andscholarswhohadrediscoveredancientartandliterature.

ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.

1.Whatisthepassagemainlyabout?

2.WhatdoestheauthormeanbyusingthewordeventuallyinPara.1?

3.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthinkersoftheRenaissancewereseekingarebirthof___.

4.Accordingtothepassage,RenaissanceartistsandwritershadallofthefollowingintentionsEXCEPT___.

5.WhichofthefollowingismentionedinthepassageasareasonfortheabsenceofasingleRenaissancemusicalstyle?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalcompositionsthatbestillustratethedevelopmentsduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

B.ThemusicaltechniquesthatwereinuseduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

C.TheEuropeanRenaissanceasaculturaldevelopmentthatincludedchangesinmusicalstyle

D.TheancientGreekandRomanmusicalpracticesusedduringtheEuropeanRenaissance

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”aftertheotherhistoriansdid

B.Thatmostmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”

C.Theterm“Renaissance”becamewidelyusedbyarthistoriansbutnotbymusichistorians

D.Thatmusichistoriansusedtheterm“Renaissance”verydifferentlythanithadbeenusedbyJulesMichelet

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.communicationamongartistsacrossEurope

B.spiritualityineverydaylife

C.aculturalemphasisonhumanvalues

D.religiousthemesinartthatwouldaccompanythetraditionalsecularthemes

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.tousereligiousthemes

B.toportrayonlythepleasantpartsofhumanexperience

C.toproduceartthatpeoplewouldfindattractive

D.tocreateworksthatwereeasilyunderstood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.ThemusicalRenaissancewasdefinedbytechniqueratherthanstyle

B.ThemusicalRenaissancewastooshorttogiverisetoanewmusicalstyle

C.RenaissancemusiciansadoptedthestylesofbothGreekandRomanmusicians

D.DuringtheRenaissance,musicneverremainedthesameforverylong

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:A

第3題:C

第4題:B

第5題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。根據(jù)題干，通讀全文，以及定位到文章尾段第一句“ThemusicalRenaissanceinEuropewasmoreageneralculturalmovementandstateofmindthanaspecificsetofmusicaltechniques.”，中文翻譯為：歐洲音樂復(fù)興與其說是一套特定的音樂技巧，不如說是一場(chǎng)普遍的文化運(yùn)動(dòng)和一種精神狀態(tài)。可以判斷C選項(xiàng)“歐洲文藝復(fù)興是一種包括音樂風(fēng)格變化在內(nèi)的文化發(fā)展?！闭_。

2.推理判斷題。由題干關(guān)鍵字“eventually”可以定位到原文第一段“Itwasfirstusedin1855bythehistorianJulesMicheletinhisHistoryofFrance,thenadoptedbyhistoriansofculture,byarthistorians,andeventuallybymusichistorians,allofwhomappliedittoEuropeancultureduringthe150yearsspanning1450-1600.”，中文翻譯為：1855年，歷史學(xué)家朱爾斯?米歇萊(JulesMichelet)在他的《法國(guó)歷史》中首次使用了這個(gè)詞，隨后被文化歷史學(xué)家、藝術(shù)歷史學(xué)家和音樂歷史學(xué)家采用，所有這些歷史學(xué)家都在1450-1600年的150年間將其應(yīng)用于歐洲文化。關(guān)鍵詞“eventually”意為“最后；終于”因此可知A選項(xiàng)：音樂歷史學(xué)家在其他歷史學(xué)家之后才使用“文藝復(fù)興”這個(gè)詞正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞“thatthinkersoftheRenaissance”可定位到原文第一段“Tothesescholarsthismeantareturntohumanasopposedtospiritual-values.”，中文翻譯為：對(duì)這些學(xué)者來說，這意味著回歸人類，而不是靈魂價(jià)值。判斷C選項(xiàng)“對(duì)人類價(jià)值的文化強(qiáng)調(diào)”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。A選項(xiàng)“使用宗教主題”，C選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作出人們會(huì)覺得有吸引力的藝術(shù)作品”以及D選項(xiàng)“創(chuàng)作容易理解的作品”可定位到原文第二段“Artistsandwritersnowturnedtosecularaswellasreligioussubjectmatterandsoughttomaketheirworksunderstandableandappealing.”，中文翻譯為：藝術(shù)家和作家現(xiàn)在轉(zhuǎn)向世俗和宗教題材，力求使他們的作品易于理解和吸引人?？芍狟選項(xiàng)“只描繪人類經(jīng)歷中令人愉快的部分”未提及，符合題意。

5.推理判斷題。由題干可以定位到原文尾段“Furthermore,musicchangedsorapidlyduringthiscenturyandahalf-thoughatdifferentratesindifferentcountries—thatwecannotdefineasingleRenaissancestyle.”，中文翻譯為：此外，音樂在這一個(gè)半世紀(jì)里變化如此之快，盡管在不同的國(guó)家以不同的速度變化——我們不能定義一個(gè)單一的文藝復(fù)興風(fēng)格。判斷出D選項(xiàng)“在文藝復(fù)興時(shí)期，音樂從未長(zhǎng)時(shí)間保持不變?！闭_。

4.單選題

SomeAfricanAmericanshavehadaprofoundimpactonAmericansociety,changingmanypeople’sviewsonrace,historyandpolitics.ThefollowingisasamplingofAfricanAmericanswhohaveshapedsocietyandtheworldwiththeirspiritandtheirideals.

MuhammadAliCassiusMarcellusClaygrewupadevoutBaptistinLouisville,Kentucky,learningtofightatage12afterapoliceofficersuggestedhelearntodefendhimself.Sixyearslater,hewasanOlympicboxingchampion,goingontowinthreeworldheavyweighttitles.Hebecameknownasmuchforhisswagger（趾高氣揚(yáng)）outsidetheringashismovementinit,convertingtoIslamin1965,changinghisnametoMuhammadAliandrefusingtojointheU.S.Armyonreligiousgrounds.AliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerendedandhedevelopedParkinson’sdisease,evenlightingtheOlympictorchatthe1996AtlantaOlympicsandconveyingthepeacefulvirtuesofIslamfollowing

theSeptember11terroristattacks.

W.E.B.DuBoisBomWilliamEdwardBurghardtDuBoisin1868,thisMassachusettsnativewasoneofthemostprominent,prolificintellectualsofhistime.Anacademic,activistandhistorian,DuBoisco-foundedtheNationalAssociationfortheAdvancementofColoredPeople(NAACP),edited“TheCrisis”magazineandwrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarlyarticles.Inperhapshismostfamouswork,“TheSoulsofBlackFolk,”publishedin1903,hepredicted“theproblemof20thcenturywouldbetheproblemofthecolor-line.’’

MartinLutherKingJr.TheRev.MartinLutherKingJr.isconsideredoneofthemostpowerfulandpopularleadersoftheAmericancivilrightsmovement.Hespearheaded(帶頭，做先鋒)amassive,nonviolentinitiativeofmarches,sit-ins,boycottsanddemonstrationsthatprofoundlyaffectedAmericans’attitudestowardracerelations.HewasawardedtheNobelPeacePrizein1964.

MalcolmXBlackleaderMalcolmXspokeoutabouttheconceptsofraceprideandblacknationalismintheearly1960s.Hedenouncedtheexploitationofblackpeoplebywhitesanddevelopedalargeanddedicatedfollowing,whichcontinuedevenafterhisdeathin1965.Interestintheleader

surgedagainafterSpikeLee’s1992movie“MalcolmX”wasreleased.

JackieRobinsonIn1947,JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrierbyjoiningtheBrooklynDodgers,becomingthefirstblackbaseballplayerintheU.S.majorleagues.Afterretirementfrombaseballin1957,heremainedactiveincivilrightsandyouthactivities.In1962,hebecamethefirstAfrican-AmericantobeinductedintotheBaseballHallofFame.

1.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutMuhammadAli?

2.Theitalicizedword“prolific”(Line2,Para.3)issynonymousto（）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrue?

4.Whatiscommonamongthecelebritiesmentionedinthepassage?

5.Whichofthefollowingcanbeatitleofthepassage?

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.Heneverservedinthearmy.

B.Helearnedtofightatanearlyage.

C.Hispopularitydecreasedafterhisretirementfromboxing.

D.Helovespeace.

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.smart

B.skilled

C.productive

D.pioneering

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.W.E.B.DuBoiswasengagedinthecauseofpromotingthestatusofcoloredpeople.

B.JackieRobinsonwasdeniedbyU.S.majorbaseballleaguesthroughouthislife.

C.MartinLutherKingJr.washighlyawardedforhiscontributionstothecivilrightsmovements.

D.MalcolmXdirectlyorindirectlyinspiredinterestinleadershipevenafterhisdeath.

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.Eachachievedenormoussuccessinhis/herfieldandwashighlyrecognized.

B.Eachwasdevotedtohis/hercausebutdidn’twinrecognitionuntildeath.

C.Allwereactiveandfamousinseveralfieldsintheirlifetime.

D.Alllovedpeaceandremainedactiveincivilrightsactivities.

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.LifeofFamousAfricanAmericans

B.InfluenceofFamousAfricanAmericans

C.PoliticalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

D.CulturalPioneers:IconsandIntellectuals

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:B

第4題:A

第5題:A

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。原文第二段尾句指出Aliremainedpopularafterhisathleticcareerended(Ali在運(yùn)動(dòng)生涯結(jié)束后仍然很受歡迎)。C選項(xiàng)說從拳擊退役后，他的聲望下降了,與原文不符。

2.語義題。Prolific形容intellectuals,原文第三段第二句wrote17books,fourjournalsandmanyotherscholarly

articles可知，這里要表達(dá)的是“豐富的才能,足智多謀”，productive最相符。

3.細(xì)節(jié)判斷題。根據(jù)題干定位到Jackie段落，JackieRobinsonbrokethecolorbarrier...firstblackbaseballplayer(JackieRobinson打破了膚色障礙,成為第一個(gè)黑人棒球運(yùn)動(dòng)員)。B選項(xiàng)與此不符。

4.細(xì)節(jié)歸納題。文中提到的每個(gè)名人在其領(lǐng)域都取得了巨大的成就并且被高度認(rèn)可。

5.主旨大意題。本文只介紹了一些非裔美國(guó)人在政治和文化方面的生平事跡，但是并沒有著重于他們帶來的影響。

5.單選題

Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike.Progressinbothareaisundoubtedlynecessaryforthesocial,politicalandintellectualdevelopmentoftheseandallothersocieties,however,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.Thefindingsofaresearchinstitutionhaveconsistentlyshownthatworkersinallcountriescanbetrainedonthejobtoachieveradicalhigherproductivityand,asaresult,radicallyhigherstandardsofliving.

Ironically,thefirstevidenceforthisideaappearedintheUnitedStates.Notlongago,withthecountryenteringarecessionandJapanatitspre-bubblepeak.TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducatedandoneofprimarycauseofthepoorU.S.economicperformance.Japanwas,andremains,thegloballeaderinautomotive-assemblyproductivity.YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts—aresultofthetrainingthatU.S.workersreceivedonthejob.

Morerecently,whileexaminehousingconstruction,theresearchersdiscoveredthatilliterate,non-English-speakingMexicanworkersinHouston,Texas,consistentlymetbest-practicelaborproductivitystandardsdespitethecomplexityofthebuildingindustry’swork.

Whatistherealrelationshipbetweeneducationandeconomicdevelopment?Wehavetosuspectthatcontinuingeconomicgrowthpromotesthedevelopmentofeducationevenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit.Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted.Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood.Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings.

Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.Alackofformaleducation,however,doesn’tconstraintheabilityofthedevelopingworld'sworkforcetosubstantiallyimproveproductivitytotheforestedfuture.Onthecontrary,constraintsonimprovingproductivityexplainwhyeducationisn’tdevelopingmorequicklytherethanitis.

1.Theauthorholdsinparagraph1thattheimportanceofeducationinpoorcountries______.

2.Itisstatedinparagraph1thatconstructionofaneweducationsystem_____.

3.AmajordifferencebetweentheJapaneseandU.S.workforcesisthat_____.

4.Theauthorquotestheexampleofourancestorstoshowthateducationemerged_____.

5.Accordingtothelastparagraph,developmentofeducation_____.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.issubjectgroundlessdoubts

B.hasfallenvictimofbias

C.isconventionaldowngraded

D.hasbeenoverestimated

問題2選項(xiàng)

A.requiressufficientlaborforce

B.takeseffortsofgenerations

C.demandspriorityfromthegovernment

D.challengeseconomistsandpoliticians

問題3選項(xiàng)

A.theU.S.workforceismoreorganized

B.theJapaneseworkforceisbetterdisciplined

C.theJapaneseworkforceismoreproductive

D.theU.S.workforcehasabettereducation

問題4選項(xiàng)

A.asaresultofpressureongovernment

B.whenpeoplenolongerwenthunting

C.whenpeoplehadenoughtime

D.priortobetterwaysoffindingfood

問題5選項(xiàng)

A.followsimprovedproductivity

B.resultsdirectlyfromcompetitiveenvironments

C.doesnotdependoneconomicperformance

D.cannotaffordpoliticalchanges

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:C

第5題:A

【解析】1.推理判斷題。尋找句內(nèi)線索，定位到文章第一段第二三句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的。我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這句可知很多人都會(huì)認(rèn)為不發(fā)達(dá)國(guó)家要想獲得快速發(fā)展就的通過發(fā)展教育來達(dá)成，但事實(shí)是僅僅是新的教育體系發(fā)展起來都得需要經(jīng)歷兩到三代人的努力才能實(shí)現(xiàn)，達(dá)不到快速這個(gè)目標(biāo)，所以教育的作用是被高估了的，所以答案選D“被高估了”。

A選項(xiàng)“受到無端質(zhì)疑”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

B選項(xiàng)“變成了偏見的受害者”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

C選項(xiàng)“通常被貶低”，文章沒有提及，屬于無中生有。

2.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題。定位到第一段第三句話Wearefortunatethatitis,becausebuildingneweducationalsystemsthereandputtingenoughpeoplethroughthemtoimproveeconomicperformancewouldrequiretwoorthreegenerations.“我們很幸運(yùn)，因?yàn)樵谀抢锝⑿碌慕逃到y(tǒng)，并讓足夠多的人通過這些系統(tǒng)來改善經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，需要兩三代人的努力”，從這里可知答案選B“需要幾代人的努力”；

A選項(xiàng)“需要足夠的勞動(dòng)力”，第一段沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

C選項(xiàng)“要求政府放在首位”，定位到第一段第二句話…h(huán)owever,theconventionalviewthateducationshouldbeoneoftheveryhighestprioritiesforpromotingrapideconomicdevelopmentinpoorcountriesiswrong.“……然而，傳統(tǒng)觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為教育應(yīng)該是促進(jìn)貧窮國(guó)家經(jīng)濟(jì)快速發(fā)展的首要任務(wù)之一，這種觀點(diǎn)是錯(cuò)誤的”，這里只是提到人們會(huì)下意識(shí)的認(rèn)為要把教育放在第一位，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“挑戰(zhàn)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家”，定位到第一段第一句Therelationshipbetweenformaleducationandeconomicgrowthinpoorcountriesiswidelymisunderstoodbyeconomistsandpoliticiansalike“在貧窮國(guó)家，正規(guī)教育和經(jīng)濟(jì)增長(zhǎng)之間的關(guān)系被經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)家和政治家們廣泛誤解”，這說的是經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)和政治學(xué)家的一種誤解，與題目描寫的新教育體系的建立無關(guān)所以不選，這里屬于出處錯(cuò)誤。

3.事實(shí)細(xì)節(jié)題，定位到第二段倒數(shù)第一句話YettheresearchrevealedthattheU.S.factoriesofHonda,Nissan,andToyotaachievedabout95percentoftheproductivityoftheirJapanesecounterparts“然而，研究顯示，本田、尼桑和豐田的美國(guó)工廠的生產(chǎn)率達(dá)到了日本同行的95%左右”，從這里可以知道，雖然美國(guó)工人能夠達(dá)到日本工人95%的生產(chǎn)率但是日本工人的生產(chǎn)效率還是高一些的，所以C選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動(dòng)力效率更高”。

A選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力更有組織”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

B選項(xiàng)“日本的勞動(dòng)力更有紀(jì)律性”，文中沒有提及，屬于無中生有；

D選項(xiàng)“美國(guó)勞動(dòng)力有更好的教育”，定位到第二段第三句話TheU.S.workforcewasderidedaspoorlyeducated…“美國(guó)的勞動(dòng)力被嘲笑為受教育程度低……”從這里可知，D選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤，屬于反向干擾。

4.判斷推理題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞定位到倒數(shù)第二段倒數(shù)第二句“Whenourancestorswerehuntersandgatherers10,000yearsago,theydidn’thavetimetowondermuchaboutanythingbesidesfindingfood（一萬年前，當(dāng)我們的祖先還是獵人和采集者時(shí)，除了尋找食物，他們沒有時(shí)間思考其他事情）”，這個(gè)“其他事情”指向定位句的上一句“Afterall,that’showeducationgotstarted（畢竟，教育就是這樣開始的）”，此處說的就是教育的出現(xiàn)需要一個(gè)很重要的條件“時(shí)間”。因此C選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們有了足夠時(shí)間時(shí)”符合題意。

A選項(xiàng)“這是政府壓力的結(jié)果”來自于倒數(shù)第二段“evenwhengovernmentsdon’tforceit（即使政府不強(qiáng)迫）”，但是這并非說明政府壓迫是導(dǎo)致教育出現(xiàn)的原因，本段說的是“經(jīng)濟(jì)發(fā)展與教育的關(guān)系”，屬于偷換概念。

B選項(xiàng)“當(dāng)人們不再去打獵”同樣來自倒數(shù)第二句“ourancestorswerehunters”，但這里是說，由于需要尋找食物，才沒有時(shí)間去思考其他事情，并未提及不再打獵這個(gè)條件，屬于偷換概念。

D選項(xiàng)“教育先于更好的尋找食物的方法出現(xiàn)”來自倒數(shù)第二段最后一句“Onlywhenhumanitybegantogetitsfoodinamoreproductivewaywastheretimeforotherthings（只有當(dāng)人類開始以更有效的方式獲取食物時(shí)，才有時(shí)間做其他事情）”，因此“betterwaysoffindingfoods”應(yīng)先出現(xiàn)，才有教育的可能性，屬于曲解原文。

5.判斷推理題。根據(jù)題干定位到最后一段第一二句Aseducationimproved,humanity'sproductivitypotentialincreasedaswell.Whenthecompetitiveenvironmentpushedourancestorstoachievethatpotential,theycouldinturnaffordmoreeducation.“隨著教育的改善，人類的生產(chǎn)力潛力也在增加。當(dāng)競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境推動(dòng)我們的祖先發(fā)揮這種潛力時(shí)，他們反過來也能負(fù)擔(dān)得起更多的教育”，從這里可知，教育能夠提高生產(chǎn)力潛能，當(dāng)潛能被競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激發(fā)出來生產(chǎn)率提高時(shí)，反過來又可以提高教育水平，所以答案選A選項(xiàng)“隨著提高的生產(chǎn)率而來”；

B選項(xiàng)“直接來自競(jìng)爭(zhēng)環(huán)境的結(jié)果”，屬于反向干擾，競(jìng)爭(zhēng)激發(fā)生產(chǎn)潛能然后再有助于教育提高，不是直接參與教育的發(fā)展；

C選項(xiàng)“不依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)”，定位到最后一段第三句Thisincreasinglyhighlevelofeducationisprobablyanecessary,butnotasufficient,conditionforthecomplexpoliticalsystemsrequiredbyadvancedeconomicperformance.（對(duì)于先進(jìn)的經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)所要求的復(fù)雜的政治制度來說，教育水平的日益提高可能是必要的，但不是充分的條件），教育發(fā)展是依賴于復(fù)雜政治制度的必要不充分條件，所以說教育的發(fā)展不能推動(dòng)政治的發(fā)展，而政治的發(fā)展可以推動(dòng)教育的發(fā)展，從文章可以看出而政治的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以可以說教育的發(fā)展依賴于經(jīng)濟(jì)表現(xiàn)，所以C選項(xiàng)錯(cuò)誤；

D選項(xiàng)“無法承受政治變革”，定位到第四段第四句Thuspoorcountriesmightnotbeabletoescapetheirpovertytrapswithoutpoliticalchangesthatmaybepossibleonlywithbroaderformaleducation.（因此，如果沒有政治變革，窮國(guó)可能無法擺脫貧困陷阱，而政治變革只有通過更廣泛的正規(guī)教育才能實(shí)現(xiàn)），這里沒有提及政治變革對(duì)教育的影響只講看教育對(duì)政治變革的影響，所以D選項(xiàng)屬于曲意理解。

6.單選題

TheSpanishteam,whoarenotinsuperbform,willbedoingtheirbestnextweektorevengethemselvesontheGermanteamforlastyear’sdefeat.

問題1選項(xiàng)

A.retaliate

B.recover

C.repel

D.defend

【答案】A

【解析】考查動(dòng)詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)retaliate“報(bào)復(fù)”；B選項(xiàng)recover“恢復(fù)；彌補(bǔ)；重新獲得”；C選項(xiàng)repel“擊退；抵制；使厭惡；使不愉快”；D選項(xiàng)defend“辯護(hù)；防護(hù)”。句意：目前狀態(tài)不佳的西班牙隊(duì)將在下周全力以赴，為去年的失利向德國(guó)隊(duì)報(bào)仇。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞revenge“報(bào)復(fù)；替……報(bào)仇；洗雪”，得知A選項(xiàng)正確。

7.單選題

Recently,CongressionalDemocratsintroducedlegislationtomakeiteasierforolderworkerstowinagediscriminationlawsuits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Inrecenttenyears,15.79percentofcasesbroughttotheEqualEmploymentOpportunityCommission,weredescribedatsuccessfulclaims.WhilethisnumberissmallgiventhenumberofworkerscoveredbytheAgeDiscriminationinEmploymentAct,many,ifnotmost,instancesofagediscriminationareneversued,andcasesofhiringdiscriminationoftengoundetected.

Mostofthosewhodosuearewhite,malemiddle-mangerswhoarelikelytohavelostasizeablesalaryandpension.Forthemostpart,othergroupsdonotsuebecausethecostsofalawsuitoutweighthepotentialbenefits.Agediscriminationremainsasignificantworkplaceissue.

Thereisstrongexperimentalevidenceforagediscriminationinhiringatleastforentryleveljobs.Recently,IperformedalabormarketexperimentinBostoninwhichIsentoutthousandsofresumesforfictitious(虛構(gòu)的)entrylevelfemalecandidatesandmeasuredresponseratebasedondateofhighschoolgraduation.Amongthisgroup,youngerapplicants,whosedateofhighschoolgraduationindicatedthattheywerelessthan50yearsold,were40percentmoreliketobecalledbackforaninterviewthanwereolderapplicants.

Itisdifficulttotellwhetheremploymentproblemsareworseforolderworkerthatforotherworkerswhentimesarebad.Thenumberofdiscriminationlawsuitsincreasesduringtimesofhighunemployment,butthisfindingbyitselfdoesnotindicateanincreasedlevelofagediscrimination.Intimesofhigherunemployment,theopportunitycosttoalawsuitislowerthanitiswhentimesaregood.

Fromtheemployer’sperspective,masslayoffsmayseemlikeagoodchancetoremoveahigherproportionofgenerallymoreexpensiveolderworkerswithouttheworryofbeingsued.Ontheotherhand,employersmaybelesslikelytoremoveprotectedolderworkersbecausetheystillfearlawsuits.Onethingwedoknowisthatonceanolderworkerlosesajob,heorsheismuchlesslikelytofindanewjobthanayoungerworkeris.

Unfortunately,