考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解3

書(shū)山有路勤為徑，學(xué)海無(wú)涯苦作舟！住在富人區(qū)的她考研考博-英語(yǔ)-安陽(yáng)工學(xué)院考試押題三合一+答案詳解（圖片大小可自由調(diào)整）全文為Word可編輯，若為PDF皆為盜版，請(qǐng)謹(jǐn)慎購(gòu)買！第I卷一.綜合題庫(kù)-全考點(diǎn)押密(共120題)1.單選題

5.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Jack’sgirlfriendismadathim.

B.JackhasfalleninlovewithDebra.

C.DebraisprettierthanJack’sgirlfriend.

D.Jackwantstobreakupwithhisgirlfriend.

【答案】A

【解析】M:Jackgothimselfinabindwithhisgirlfriend.

W:Heshouldn’thavetoldherthatDebrawaspretty.

Q:Whatcanbeinferredfromthisconversation?

【解析】推斷題。女士說(shuō)：Heshouldn’thavetoldherthatDebrawaspretty（他不應(yīng)該告訴她Debra很漂亮），由此推測(cè)這是導(dǎo)致其女友生氣的原因。

2.單選題

Amtrak（美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司）wasexperiencingadownswinginridership（客運(yùn)量）alongthelinescomprisingitsrailsystem.OfmajorconcerntoAmtrakanditsadvertisingagencyDDBNeedham,werethelong-distancewesternrouteswhereridershiphadbeendecliningsignificantly.Atonetime,trainsweretheonlypracticalwaytocrossthevastareasofthewest.Trainswerefast,veryluxurious,andquiteconvenientcomparedtootherformsoftransportationexistingatthetime.However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.Therefore,thetaskforDDBNeedhamwastoencourageconsumerstoconsiderotheraspectsoftraintravelinordertochangetheirattitudesandincreasethelikelihoodthattrainswouldbeconsideredfortravelinthewest.

Twoportionsofthetotalmarketweretargeted:1）anxiousfliers—thoseconcernedwithsafety,relaxation,andcleanlinessand2）travel-lovers—thoseviewingthemselvesasrelaxed,casual,andinterestedinthetravelexperienceaspartoftheirvacation.Theagencythendevelopedacampaignthatfocusedontravelexperiencessuchasfreedom,escape,relaxation,andenjoymentofthegreatwesternoutdoors.Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.

Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.Resultswereimpressive.TheEmpireBuilder,whichwasfocusedoninonead,enjoyeda15percentincreaseinprofitsonitsChicagotoSeattleroute.

1.What'stheauthorspurposeinwritingthispassage?

2.ItcanbeinferredfromthepassagethatthedropinAmtrakridershipwasduetothefactthat（）.

3.Toencourageconsumerstotravelbytrain,DDBNeedhamemphasized（）.

4.Thetrainadswereplacedamongfamily-orientedTVprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericabecause（）.

5.Accordingtothepassage,theEmpireBuilderenjoyedanincreaseinridershipandprofits

because（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Toshowtheinabilityoftrainstocompetewithplaneswithrespecttospeedandconvenience

B.TostresstheinfluenceoftheautomobileonAmerica'sstandardofconvenience

C.Toemphasizethefunctionoftravelagenciesinmarketpromotion

D.Toillustratetheimportantroleofpersuasivecommunicationinchangingconsumerattitudes

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.trainswerenotsuitableforshortdistancepassengertransportation

B.trainswerenotthefastestandmostconvenientformoftransportation

C.trainswerenotasfastandconvenientastheyusedtobe

D.trainscouldnotcompetewithplanesintermsofluxuryandconvenience

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.thefreedomandconvenienceprovidedontrains

B.thepracticalaspectsoftraintravel

C.theadventurousaspectsoftraintrips

D.thesafetyandcleanlinessoftraintrips

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.theycouldfocusonmeaningfultravelexperiences

B.theycouldincreasetheeffectivenessoftheTVprograms

C.theirprofitscouldbeincreasedbysome15percent

D.mosttravel-loversandnervousflierswerebelievedtobeamongtheaudiences

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.theattractivenessofitsnameandroutewaseffectivelyadvertised

B.itprovidedanexcitingtravelexperience

C.itspassengerscouldenjoythegreatwesternoutdoors

D.itwaswidelyadvertisedinnewspapersandmagazinesinChicagoandSeattle

【答案】第1題:D

第2題:B

第3題:C

第4題:D

第5題:A

【解析】第1題:1.作者意圖題。本文主要講述了美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)公司為應(yīng)對(duì)飛機(jī)和汽車的競(jìng)爭(zhēng)所采取的應(yīng)對(duì)策略，Amtrak將焦急的飛行者和旅游愛(ài)好者視為目標(biāo)群體，然后對(duì)其進(jìn)行廣告的投放，最終取得一定效果。故作者的意圖是強(qiáng)調(diào)廣告的勸說(shuō)性功能在改變消費(fèi)者態(tài)度方面的作用。故D項(xiàng)正確。

2.推理判斷題。由第一段“However,timeschangeandtheautomobilebecameAmerica'sstandardofconvenience.Also,airtravelhadeasilyestablisheditselfasthefastestmethodoftravelinggreatdistances.然而，時(shí)代變了，汽車成為了美國(guó)方便的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。而且，航空旅行很容易就成為長(zhǎng)途旅行最快的方法。”可知美國(guó)鐵路客運(yùn)量下降主要是由于汽車和飛機(jī)的出現(xiàn)，火車不再是最快且最方便的交通方式。故B項(xiàng)正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第二段“Itstressedexperiencesgainedbyusingthetrainsandportrayedwesterntraintripsaswonderfuladventures.它強(qiáng)調(diào)了乘坐火車所獲得的體驗(yàn)，并將西方火車旅行描述為美妙的冒險(xiǎn)。”可知DDBNeedham強(qiáng)調(diào)火車旅行的冒險(xiǎn)性。故C項(xiàng)正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由最后一段“Theseadswerestrategicallyplacedamongfamily-orientedTVshowsandprogramsinvolvingnatureandAmericainordertomosteffectivelyreachtargetaudiences.這些廣告被戰(zhàn)略性地放置在以家庭為導(dǎo)向的涉及自然和美國(guó)的電視節(jié)目中，以便最有效地觸及目標(biāo)觀眾?！笨芍@些廣告投放主要是為了能讓目標(biāo)觀眾看到，而前面已經(jīng)提及目標(biāo)觀眾是travel-lovers和fliers。故D項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段“Advertisementsshowedpicturesofthebeautifulscenerythatcouldbeenjoyedalongsomeofthemorefamouswesternroutesandemphasizedtheromanticnamesofsomeofthesetrains(EmpireBuilder,etc.)廣告展示了一些更著名的西部路線沿線可以欣賞的美麗風(fēng)景的圖片，并強(qiáng)調(diào)了這些火車的浪漫名字（帝國(guó)建造者等）?！笨芍蹏?guó)建造者號(hào)列車的客流量上升是源于列車的名字和廣告中宣稱的路線和風(fēng)景。故A項(xiàng)正確。

第2題:

第3題:

第4題:

第5題:

3.寫(xiě)作題

WriteontheANSWERSHEETacompositionofabout200wordsbasedonthetopic“DoesCollegeEducationPrepareStudentsWelltoMeltintoSociety”?Youaretowriteinthreeparts.

Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.

Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.

Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary.

【答案】

Normal

0

7.8磅

0

2

false

false

false

EN-US

ZH-CN

X-NONE

略

4.單選題

Theearliestcontroversiesabouttherelationshipbetweenphotographyandartcenteredonwhetherphotograph'sfidelitytoappearancesanddependenceonamachineallowedittobeafineartasdistinctfrommerelyapracticalart.Throughoutthenineteenthcentury,thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.

Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.Theyarenolongerwillingtodebatewhetherphotographyisorisnotafineart.excepttoproclaimthattheirownworkisnotinvolvedwithart.ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.

Photographers'disclaimersofanyinterestinmakingarttellusmoreabouttheharriedstatusofthecontemporarynotionofartthanaboutwhetherphotographyisorisnotart.Forexample,thosephotographerswhosupposethat,bytakingpictures,theyaregettingawayfromthepretensionsofartasexemplifiedbypaintingremindusofthoseAbstractExpressionistpainterswhoimaginedtheyweregettingawayfromtheintellectualausterityofclassicalModernistpaintingbyconcentratingonthephysicalactofpainting.Muchofphotography'sprestigetodayderivesfromtheconvergenceofitsaimswiththoseofrecentart,particularlywiththedismissalofabstractartimplicitinthephenomenonorPoppaintingduringthe1960's.Appreciatingphotographsisarelieftosensibilitiestiredofthementalexertionsdemandedbyabstractart.ClassicalModernistpainting—thatis,abstractartasdevelopedindifferentwaysbyPicasso,Kandinsky,andMatisse—presupposeshighlydevelopedskillsoflookingandafamiliaritywithotherpaintingsandthehistoryofart.Photography,likePoppainting,reassuresviewersthatartisnothard;photographyseemstobemoreaboutitssubjectsthanaboutart.

Photography,however,hasdevelopedalltheanxietiesandself-consciousnessofaclassicModernistart.Manyprofessionalsprivatelyhavebeguntoworrythatthepromotionofphotographyasanactivitysubversiveofthetraditionalpretensionsofarthasgonesofarthatthepublicwillforgetthatphotographyisadistinctiveandexaltedactivity——inshort,anart.

1.Inthepassage,theauthorisprimarilyconcernedwith

（

）.

2.Accordingtotheauthor,the19lbcenturydefendersofphotographystressedthatphotographywas（

）.

3.Accordingtothepassage,someseriouscontemporaryphotographersmaketheclaimthattheirphotographs

（

）.

4.Itcanbeinferredfromthepassagethattheauthormostprobablyconsidersseriouscontemporaryphotographytobea（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.definingtheModernistattitudetowardart

B.explaininghowphotographyemergedasafineart

C.explainingtheattitudeofseriouscontemporaryphotographerstowardphotographyasartandplacingthoseattitudesintheirhistoricalcontext

D.definingthevariousapproachesthatseriouscontemporaryphotographerstaketowardtheirartandassessingthevalueofeachofthoseapproaches

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.atechnologicallyadvancedactivity

B.adeviceforobservingtheworldimpartially

C.anartcomparabletopainting

D.anartthatwouldeventuallyreplacethetraditionalarts

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.areexamplesofthephotographers’impartialobservationoftheworld

B.canbecreatedbyalmostanyonewhocoulddevotetotheactivity

C.areimportantbecauseofthesubjectbutnottheresponsesoftheviewers

D.exhibitthesameprinciplesusedinpainting

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.contemporaryartacceptedasfineart

B.craftrequiringsensitivitybutbynomeansasart

C.mechanicalcopyingofreality

D.modernartthatdisplaystheModernisttendencytotrytosubverttheprevailingaimsofart

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:C

第3題:A

第4題:D

【解析】1.主旨大意題。題目提問(wèn)‘在這篇文章中，作者主要關(guān)心的是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Throughoutthenineteenthcentury，thedefenseofphotographywasidenticalwiththestruggletoestablishitasafineart.整個(gè)19世紀(jì)，攝影的辯護(hù)都是力爭(zhēng)將攝影確定為藝術(shù)”和第二段中“Ironically,nowthatphotographyissecurelyestablishedasafineart,manyphotographersfinditpretentiousorirrelevanttolabelitassuch.具有諷刺意味的是，雖然已經(jīng)確鑿無(wú)疑被認(rèn)為是一種藝術(shù)，但許多攝影家認(rèn)為把攝影稱之為美的藝術(shù)是矯揉造作或名不副實(shí)的?！币约叭脑谥v“在不同的歷史背景下，當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影是藝術(shù)的態(tài)度”確定C選項(xiàng)“說(shuō)明當(dāng)代嚴(yán)肅的攝影師對(duì)攝影作為藝術(shù)的態(tài)度，并把這些態(tài)度放在他們的歷史的背景中”正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘據(jù)作者說(shuō)，19世紀(jì)攝影的捍衛(wèi)者強(qiáng)調(diào)攝影是……？’根據(jù)第一段中“Againstthechargethatphotographywasasoulless,mechanicalcopyingofreality,photographersassertedthatitwasinsteadaprivilegedwayofseeing,arevoltagainstcommonplacevision,andnolessworthyanartthanpainting.為了反駁攝影是對(duì)現(xiàn)實(shí)的沒(méi)有靈魂的機(jī)械復(fù)制的指責(zé)，攝影家斷言：恰恰相反，攝影是觀看事物的一種特有形式，是對(duì)普通視覺(jué)的一種背離，是一種與繪畫(huà)有同樣價(jià)值的藝術(shù)?！贝_定C選項(xiàng)“一種堪比繪畫(huà)的藝術(shù)”正確。

3.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘根據(jù)這篇文章，一些嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影師聲稱他們的照片……？’根據(jù)第二段中“Seriousphotographersvariouslyclaimtobefinding,recording,impartiallyobserving,witnessingevents,exploringthemselves—anythingbutmakingworksofart.嚴(yán)肅的攝影師們聲稱自己在尋找、記錄、公正地觀察、見(jiàn)證事件、探索自己——但絕不是在創(chuàng)作藝術(shù)作品?！贝_定A選項(xiàng)“是攝影師公正地觀察世界的例子”正確。

4.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。題目提問(wèn)‘從文章中可以推斷，作者最可能認(rèn)為嚴(yán)肅的當(dāng)代攝影是一個(gè)……？’根據(jù)第二段中“ItshowstheextenttowhichtheysimplytakeforgrantedtheconceptofartimposedbythetriumphofModernism:thebettertheart,themoresubversiveitisofthetraditionalaimsofart.它表明了他們對(duì)現(xiàn)代主義勝利強(qiáng)加給他們的藝術(shù)概念是多么地想當(dāng)然：藝術(shù)越好，它對(duì)傳統(tǒng)藝術(shù)目標(biāo)的顛覆性就越大?！贝_定D選項(xiàng)“一種現(xiàn)代藝術(shù)，顯示了試圖顛覆藝術(shù)盛行的現(xiàn)代主義趨勢(shì)”正確。

5.單選題

“Onnoaccount（）tofeedtheanimals,”thewarningcanbeseenonthesignboardinfrontofeverycage.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.allowvisitors

B.visitorsareallowed

C.arevisitorsallowed

D.areallowedvisitors

【答案】C

【解析】考査倒裝。當(dāng)否定詞位于句首時(shí)，句子要部分倒裝，即將be動(dòng)詞提前。根據(jù)句意這里指參觀者不被允許，所以選項(xiàng)C正確。

6.單選題

Becauseoftheeconomiccrisis,industrialoutputintheregionremained_____.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.motionless

B.inactive

C.stagnant

D.immobile

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞辨析。motionless靜止的，不運(yùn)動(dòng)的；inactive不活躍的，怠惰的；stagnant停滯的，蕭條的；immobile固定的，不變的。句意：由于經(jīng)濟(jì)危機(jī)，該地區(qū)的工業(yè)產(chǎn)出仍然停滯不前。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

7.單選題

Fuelscarcities（）automobiledesignerstodevelopsmall-displacementvehiclesforpublicuse.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.prompted

B.encouraged

C.fomented

D.spotlighted

【答案】A

【解析】句意:燃料短缺促使汽車設(shè)計(jì)師開(kāi)發(fā)供公眾使用的小排量汽車。

考查動(dòng)詞辨析。選項(xiàng)均為對(duì)應(yīng)動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式。prompt提示，促使，激起；encourage鼓勵(lì)，激勵(lì)；foment煽動(dòng)，挑起；；spotlight聚光照明，使公眾注意。因此A符合句意。

8.單選題

Foryearsshewasdependentondrugsanddrinkanditwasonlyinherfiftiesthatshefinallymanagedtoovercomethese（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.accessories

B.addictions

C.attachments

D.admission

【答案】B

【解析】考查名詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)accessory表示“配件；附件；從犯”；B選項(xiàng)addiction表示“上癮；沉溺；嗜好”；C選項(xiàng)attachment表示“附件；依戀；連接物”；D選項(xiàng)admission表示“承認(rèn)；錄用；進(jìn)入許可；坦白”。根據(jù)dependentondrugsanddrink可知，她多年來(lái)都依賴毒品和酒精，在五十多歲時(shí)才最終設(shè)法克服毒癮和酒癮。因此，本題正確答案為B項(xiàng)。

9.單選題

WithschoolleaversandgraduatesinChinanowmainlyfreeto______intheworldofwork,thenumberofyoungpeoplestartinguptheirownbusinesshasincreasedrapidly.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.maketheirownway

B.followtheirownpath

C.leadahappylife

D.learnagoodlesson

【答案】A

【解析】【試題解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)maketheirownway“走出自己的路”；B選項(xiàng)followtheirownpath“跟隨自己的路”；C選項(xiàng)leadahappylife“通往幸福的生活”；D選項(xiàng)learnagoodlesson“功課學(xué)得好，好好上一課”。句意：隨著中國(guó)的輟學(xué)生和畢業(yè)生在工作中基本上可以自由______，自主創(chuàng)業(yè)的年輕人數(shù)量迅速增加。根據(jù)語(yǔ)境，這里指的是這些學(xué)生可以自己開(kāi)創(chuàng)自己的道路，A選項(xiàng)maketheirownway“走出自己的路”符合題意。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

10.單選題

AllthenewknowledgewhichDr.Smithhasexplainedandprovidedisatlengthdevelopedandestablished.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.surely

B.eventually

C.precisely

D.consequently

【答案】B

【解析】考查副詞詞義辨析。A選項(xiàng)surely“當(dāng)然；無(wú)疑；堅(jiān)定地；穩(wěn)當(dāng)?shù)亍?；B選項(xiàng)eventually“最后，終于”；C選項(xiàng)precisely“精確地；恰恰”；D選項(xiàng)consequently“因此；結(jié)果；所以”。句意：史密斯博士解釋并提供的新知識(shí)最終得到了發(fā)展和確立。結(jié)合此處關(guān)鍵詞atlength“終究；終歸；最終”，得知B為正確答案。

11.翻譯題

繼續(xù)推進(jìn)農(nóng)村稅費(fèi)改革，減輕農(nóng)民負(fù)擔(dān)，保護(hù)農(nóng)民利益。

1996年，世界上海拔最高的現(xiàn)代化的、多功能的大型圖書(shū)館西藏自治區(qū)圖書(shū)館建成開(kāi)館。

中國(guó)不尋求霸權(quán)或支配世界事務(wù)，而是倡導(dǎo)建立國(guó)際政治經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序。

不堅(jiān)決懲治腐敗，黨同人民群眾的血肉聯(lián)系就會(huì)受到嚴(yán)重?fù)p害，黨的執(zhí)政地位就有喪失的危險(xiǎn)，黨就有可能走向自我毀滅。

維護(hù)祖國(guó)統(tǒng)一事關(guān)中華民族的根本利益。中國(guó)人民將義無(wú)反顧地捍衛(wèi)國(guó)家主權(quán)和領(lǐng)土完整，絕不允許任何人以任何方式把臺(tái)灣從中國(guó)分裂出去。

【答案】Continuetopushforwardthereformofruraltaxesandfees,toalleviatefarmers’burdensandprotecttheinterestsofthefarmers.

In1996,alargemodemandmulti-functionallibraryofthehighestelevationintheworld,namelytheTibetAutonomousRegionLibrary,wasbuiltandopened.

Chinadoesnotseekhegemonyordominanceoverworldaffairs,butadvocatestoestablishanewinternationalpoliticalandeconomicorder.

Withoutresolutelypunishingcorruption,theflesh-bloodrelationshipbetweenourPartyandthepeoplewillbeseverelydamaged,therulingstatusofourPartyruntheriskoflossandourPartyislikelytoheadtowardself-destruction.

TosafeguardnationalunitybearsonthefundamentalinterestoftheChinesenation.WeChinesepeoplewillsafeguardourstatesovereigntyandterritorialintegritywithfirmresolve.WewillneverallowanyonetoseparateTaiwanfromChinainanyway.

12.單選題

Everyminuteofeveryday,whatecologistJamesCarltoncallsaglobal“conveyorBelt”redistributesoceanorganism.It’saplanetwidebiologicaldisruptionthatscientistshavebarelybeguntounderstand.

Dr.Canton—anoceanographer（海洋研究者）atWilliamstown.Mass.-explainsthat,atanygivenmoment,“thereareseveralthousand[marine]species[traveling]…intheballastwater（船舶壓載水）ofships.”Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.Thisisthelargerdimensionoftheinfamousinvasionoffish-destroying,pipe-cloggingzebramussels（斑馬貝）.

Suchvoraciousinvadersatleastmaketheirpresenceknown.WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.Manyofthemprobablyjustdieout.Somebenignly―orevenbeneficially—jointhelocalscene.Butsomewillmaketrouble.

Inonesense,thisisanoldstory.Organismshaveriddenshipsforcenturies.Theyhaveclungtohullsandcomealongwithcargo.What’snewisthescaleandspeedofthemigrationsmadepossiblebythemassivevolumeofship-ballastwater—takenintoprovideshipstability—continuouslymovingaroundtheworld

Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway.Asingleloadcanruntohundredsofthousandsofgallon.Somelargershipstakeonasmuchas40milliongallons.Thecreaturesthatcomealongtendtobeintheirlarva（幼體）freefloatingstage.Whendischargedinalienwaterstheycanmatureintocrabs,jellyfish,slugs,andmanyotherforms.

Sincetheprobleminvolvescoastalspecies,simplybanningballastdumpsincoastalwaterswould,intheory,solveit.Coastalorganismsinballastwaterthatisflushedintomid-oceanwouldnotsurvive.SuchabanhasworkedfortheNorthAmericanInlandWaterway.Butitwouldbehardtoenforceitworldwide.Heatingballastwaterorstrainingitshouldalsohaltthespeciesspread.Butbeforeanysuchworldwideregulationswereimposed,scientistswouldneedaclearerviewofwhatisgoingon.

Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.ItcanhavedevastatingeffectsasinthecaseoftheAmericancombjellyfishthatrecentlyinvadedtheBlackSea.Ithasdestroyedthatsea'sanchovyfisherybyeatinganchovyeggs,itmaysoonspreadtowesternandnorthernEuropeanwaters.

Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.

1.AccordingtoDr.Carlton,oceanorganismsare（）.

2.Oceanorganizersareconcernedbecause（）.

3.AccordingtoMarineecologists,transplantedmarinespecies（）.

4.Theidentifiedcauseoftheproblemis（）.

5.Thearticlesuggeststhatasolutiontotheproblem（）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.beingmovedtonewenvironments

B.destroyingtheplanet

C.succumbingtothezebramussel

D.developingaliencharacteristics

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theirknowledgeofthisphenomenonislimited

B.theybelievetheoceansaredying

C.theyfearaninvasionfromouter-space

D.theyhaveidentifiedthousandsofalienwebs

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.mayupsettheecosystemsofcoastalwaters

B.areallcompatiblewithoneanother

C.canonlysurviveintheirhomewaters

D.sometimesdisruptshippingtimes

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.therapiditywithwhichlarvaemature

B.acommonpracticeoftheshippingindustry

C.acenturiesoldspecies

D.theworldwidemovementofoceancurrents

問(wèn)題5選項(xiàng)

A.isunlikelytobeidentified

B.mustprecedefurtherresearch

C.ishypotheticallyeasy

D.willlimitglobalshipping

【答案】第1題:A

第2題:A

第3題:A

第4題:B

第5題:B

【解析】1.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由題干關(guān)鍵詞Dr.Carlton定位到第二段Thesecreaturesmovefromcoastalwaterswheretheyfitintothelocalweboflifetoplaceswheresomeofthemcouldtearthatwebapart.這些生物從適合當(dāng)?shù)厣W(wǎng)的沿海水域遷移到一些可能會(huì)將網(wǎng)絡(luò)撕裂的地方?？芍@些海洋生物從沿海水域被轉(zhuǎn)移到了其他地方。故A項(xiàng)正確。

2.細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。由第三段“WhatconcernsCantonandhisfellowmarineecologistsisthelackofknowledgeaboutthehundredsofalieninvadersthatquietlyentercoastalwatersaroundtheworldeveryday.坎頓和其他海洋生態(tài)學(xué)家擔(dān)心的是，他們對(duì)每天悄悄進(jìn)入世界各地沿海水域的數(shù)百只外來(lái)入侵者缺乏了解?！笨芍Ｑ髮W(xué)家擔(dān)心的是他們對(duì)外來(lái)入侵者不了解。故A項(xiàng)正確。

3.推理判斷題。由倒數(shù)第二段“Thecontinuousshufflingmarineorganismshaschangedthebiologyoftheseaonaglobalscale.Itcanhavedevastatingeffects…不斷移動(dòng)的海洋生物已經(jīng)在全球范圍內(nèi)改變了海洋生物。它會(huì)產(chǎn)生毀滅性的影響…可知外來(lái)海洋生物的入侵會(huì)擾亂水域的生態(tài)系統(tǒng)，造成嚴(yán)重影響。故A項(xiàng)正確。

4.推理判斷題。由第五段“Shipsloadupwithballastwateranditsinhabitantsincoastalwatersofoneportanddumptheballastinanotherportthatmaybethousandsofkilometersaway船舶將壓艙水及其居民裝載在一個(gè)港口的沿海水域，并將壓艙水傾倒在數(shù)千公里以外的另一個(gè)港口。”可知造成外來(lái)海洋生物入侵的原因是船舶為了保持平衡要洗手大量的壓艙水，到另一個(gè)港口后，要將這些壓艙水倒出來(lái)，所以船舶的運(yùn)輸為海洋生物入侵提供了機(jī)會(huì)，B項(xiàng)正確。

5.推理判斷題。由最后一段Themaritimenationsthatcreatedthebiological“conveyorbelt”shouldsupportacoordinatedinternationalefforttotimidoutwhatisgoingonandwhatshouldbedoneaboutit.那些創(chuàng)造了生物“傳送帶”的海洋國(guó)家應(yīng)該協(xié)調(diào)國(guó)際力量，小心翼翼地弄清楚正在發(fā)生的事情以及應(yīng)該做些什么?？芍狟項(xiàng)“必須進(jìn)行進(jìn)一步的研究”正確。

13.單選題

Alargeportionofthepopulationprefersthenon-medicationorientationofpsychology.Ifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.Thereislittlequestionthatpsychologists’prescriptionprivilegescouldhaveprofoundeffectsonthefuturedirectionoftheirprofession.

Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.DatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationrevealedthatpsychiatristsengagingsolelyinpsycho-therapeuticinterventionsearnapproximatelyone-thirdofwhatpsychiatristsdowhoevaluateandmedicatepatients.Thetemptationoffinancialrewardsmaylurepsychologiststoabandontraditionalpsychotherapeuticinterventionsinfavorofamedicalmodel.Itshouldbenoted,though,thatpsychologistsareout-producingpsychiatristsbyaboutthreefold,strongevidencethatthegeneralpublicprefersapsycho-therapeuticapproachoveramedicalone.

Somepsychologistsarguethatgainingtherighttoprescribepsychotropicmedicationwouldeliminatetheneedfortwopractitionersandalleviatetheaddedfinancialburdenplaceduponthepatients.Inthecaseofpsychologistswhosecaseloadsarehighgainingprescriptionprivilegesmayraisequestionsastowhethertheyshouldreferpatientstoanon-prescribingmentalhealthprofessionalfortherapybecausethesepsychologistsincreasinglyarefocusingonevaluationsandmedication,thuslimitingtheirtimeforpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.Psychotropicmedicationsarenotpurportedtocurementaldisordersand.inmostcases,suchdrugsareutilizedinconjunctionwiththerapyasthebestapproachtotreatingpatients.

Legalandethicalissuesassociatedwithpsychologists'prescribingprivilegeswilldependuponthelevelofpracticetheypursue.Inthepast,psychologistshadbeenrelativelyimmunefrommalpracticeliability.Allegationsthatimpropercarecausedinjuryaremoredifficulttoprovewhenpsychotherapyisthetreatmentofchoicebecausethestandardsoftenareambiguousandmentalinjuryisdifficulttoascertain.Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiieasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.

1.TheauthormentioneddatapresentedbytheAmericanPsychiatricAssociationI(Paragraph2)inorderto（

）.

2.Itseemsthatifpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications

（

）.

3.Malpracticeallegationswouldincreaseoncepsychologistsgainedtherighttoprescribebecause（

）.

4.Theauthorimpliesthat（

）.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.pointoutthemeritofthepsychologists'prescriptionprivileges

B.citeauthoritativeevidencetogainsupportformedicaltreatment

C.showwhysomepsychologistsareinfavorofgainingtherighttoprescribe

D.indicatethedifferentsituationfortwopractitioners

問(wèn)題2選項(xiàng)

A.theywouldhavemorepatientsandgetmorefinancialrewards

B.theywouldfindoutthebestapproachtocuringmentaldisorders

C.manyoftheirpatientswouldshouldermorefinancialburden

D.manyoftheirpatientswouldprefertraditionalpsycho-therapeuticinterventions.

問(wèn)題3選項(xiàng)

A.medicaldrugsmightcausegreatermentalinjury

B.patientswouldbemorelikelytogetphysicalharm

C.clientswouldfinditeasiertoproveinjurycausedbyimpropercare

D.psychologistswouldnolongerbeimmunefromprosecution

問(wèn)題4選項(xiàng)

A.thegeneralpublicshowsmorerespectforthosepsychologistswhoseldommedicatepatients

B.psychologists'prescriptionprivilegesremainadisputableissue

C.mostpsychiatristsaresatisfiedwiththeirearnings

D.psychotherapyshouldbethefirstchoicetotreatmentaldiseases

【答案】第1題:C

第2題:D

第3題:C

第4題:B

【解析】第1題:推理判斷題。由“Inadditiontoimprovedesteem,psychologistshavearguedthatprescriptionprivilegeswillbringthemgreaterfinancialrewards.除了提高自尊，心理學(xué)家認(rèn)為，處方特權(quán)會(huì)給他們帶來(lái)更大的經(jīng)濟(jì)回報(bào)?！笨芍恍┬睦磲t(yī)生更希望獲得處方權(quán)是因?yàn)檫@能給他們帶來(lái)更多的錢財(cái)報(bào)酬。之后作者用數(shù)據(jù)論證該論點(diǎn)。答案C

第2題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題?！癐fpsychologistsbeganprescribingmedications,manyoftheirpatientsseekingalternativetreatmentmightturntosocialworkersorothernon-medicaltherapists.如果心理學(xué)家開(kāi)始開(kāi)藥，許多尋求替代治療的患者可能會(huì)轉(zhuǎn)向社會(huì)工作者或其他非醫(yī)療治療師?！笨芍狣項(xiàng)正確。

第3題:細(xì)節(jié)事實(shí)題。從第四段“Whenpsychopharmacologyisthetreatmentofchoice,thestandardofcareisclearerandthelikelihoodofphysicalharmisgreater,therebymakingiteasierforplaintiffstoprovetheirallegations.Psychiatricmalpracticeratescurrentlyareupto24timeshigherthanpsychologicalmalpracticecoverage,dependinguponthestate.當(dāng)人們選擇精神藥物學(xué)治療時(shí)，護(hù)理標(biāo)準(zhǔn)更清晰，身體傷害的可能性更大，從而使原告更容易證明他們的指控。根據(jù)各州的情況，精神科醫(yī)療事故的發(fā)生率比精神科醫(yī)療事故的覆蓋率高24倍?！笨芍?dāng)心理學(xué)家獲得處方權(quán)，即成為精神藥物學(xué)家時(shí)，醫(yī)療事故的指控會(huì)增多，因?yàn)槿藗兏菀渍业接捎谧o(hù)理不當(dāng)對(duì)身體造成的傷害的控訴證據(jù)。故C項(xiàng)正確。

第4題:主旨大意題。縱觀全文，第一段提到了如果心理醫(yī)生獲得開(kāi)處方的權(quán)利，那么將會(huì)對(duì)這種職業(yè)產(chǎn)生深遠(yuǎn)影響，并且指出大部分人喜歡傳統(tǒng)的心理療法，而非藥物治療。第三段提到了藥物治療的好處，最后一段提到了藥物治療的弊端即造成醫(yī)療事故的控訴不斷增多。故作者認(rèn)為藥物治療是存在爭(zhēng)議的。B項(xiàng)正確。ACD三項(xiàng)在文中都未提及。

14.單選題

WehavearrangedtogotothecinemaonFriday,butwecanbe（）andgoanotherday.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.probable

B.reliable

C.flexible

D.feasible

【答案】C

【解析】形容詞詞義辨析。probable可信的；reliable可靠的；flexible靈活的；feasible可行的。句意：我們已經(jīng)安排好星期五去看電影，但我們可以靈活調(diào)整，改天去也行。選項(xiàng)C符合句意。

15.單選題

ThankstosomehelpfromprofessorsattheuniversityinCanberra，theAustralianauthoritiesarelettingmetobringmybiologicalsamplesintothecountrywithouttheusualthree-week

quarantine.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.Thankstosomehelpfrom

B.attheuniversityinCanberra

C.arelettingmetobring

D.three-week

E.沒(méi)有問(wèn)題

【答案】C

【解析】固定搭配。C項(xiàng)中去掉to。Letsb.dosth.為固定搭配。

16.單選題

Theyhopetobeabletomoveintothenewbuildingattheendofmonth,butthingsdidnot（）astheyhadexpected.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.workout

B.workat

C.workon

D.workoff

【答案】A

【解析】考查詞組辨析。A選項(xiàng)workout“解決；算出；實(shí)現(xiàn)；制定出；消耗完；弄懂；鍛煉”；B選項(xiàng)workat“從事于……；致力于……”；C選項(xiàng)workon“影響，對(duì)……起作用；繼續(xù)工作；從事于……”；D選項(xiàng)workoff“售出；清理，排除；漸漸地清除；冒充”。句意：他們希望能在月底搬進(jìn)新樓，但事情沒(méi)有如他們預(yù)料的那樣順利。因此A選項(xiàng)正確。

17.單選題

Withoutyourhelp,____wesomuch.

問(wèn)題1選項(xiàng)

A.didn’tachieve

B.wouldnothaveachieved

C.willnotachieve

D.don’tachieve

【答案】B

【解析】考查虛擬語(yǔ)氣。without引出虛擬語(yǔ)氣，并且是對(duì)過(guò)去的事情進(jìn)行虛擬，所以要用“wouldhavedone”。本句的意思是：“如果沒(méi)有你的幫助，我們不可能取得這么大的