建筑行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)1-中英文

建筑行業(yè)術(shù)語(yǔ)Architecture建筑專業(yè)Designbasis設(shè)計(jì)依據(jù)計(jì)劃建議書planningproposals設(shè)計(jì)任務(wù)書designorder標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范standardsandcodes條件圖informationdrawing設(shè)計(jì)基礎(chǔ)資料basicdatafordesign工藝流程圖processflowchart工程地質(zhì)資料engineeringgeologicaldata原始資料originaldata設(shè)計(jì)進(jìn)度scheduleofdesignDesignstage設(shè)計(jì)階段方案scheme,draft草圖sketch會(huì)談紀(jì)要summaryofdiscussion談判negotiation可行性研究feasibilitystudy初步設(shè)計(jì)preliminarydesign基礎(chǔ)設(shè)計(jì)basicdesign詳細(xì)設(shè)計(jì)detaildesign詢價(jià)圖enquirydrawing施工圖workingdrawing,constructiondrawing竣工圖asbuiltdrawingClimatecondition氣象條件日照sunshine風(fēng)玫瑰windrose主導(dǎo)風(fēng)向prevailingwinddirection最大(平均)風(fēng)速maximum(mean)windvelocity風(fēng)荷載windload最大(平均)降雨量maximum(mean)rainfall雷擊及閃電thunderandlightning颶風(fēng)hurricane臺(tái)風(fēng)typhoon旋風(fēng)cyclone降雨強(qiáng)度rainfallintensity年降雨量annualrainfall濕球溫度wetbulbtemperature干球溫度drybulbtemperature冰凍期frostperiod冰凍線frostline冰凍區(qū)frostzone室外計(jì)算溫度calculatingoutdoortemperature采暖地區(qū)regionwithheatingprovision不采暖地區(qū)regionwithoutheatingprovision絕對(duì)大氣壓absoluteatmosphericpressure相對(duì)濕度relativehumidityGeneralroomname常用房間名稱辦公室office月服務(wù)用房serviceroom換班室shiftroom休息室restroom(breakroom)起居室livingroom浴室bathroom淋浴間shower更衣室lockerroom廁所lavatory門廳lobby診室clinic工作間workshop電氣開(kāi)關(guān)室switchroom走廊corridor檔案室archive電梯機(jī)房liftmotorroom車庫(kù)garage清潔間cleaningroom會(huì)議室(正式)conferenceroom會(huì)議室meetingroom衣柜間wardrobe暖風(fēng)間H.V.A.Croom飯店restaurant餐廳canteen,diningroom廚房kitchen入口entrance接待處receptionarea會(huì)計(jì)室accountantroom秘書室secretaryroom電氣室electricalroom控制室controlroom工長(zhǎng)室foremanoffice開(kāi)關(guān)柜室switchgear前室antecabinet(Ante.)生產(chǎn)區(qū)productionarea馬達(dá)控制中心Mcc多功能用房utilityroom化驗(yàn)室laboratoryroom經(jīng)理室managerroom披屋(閣樓)penthouse警衛(wèi)室guardhouseRoofingandceiling屋面及天棚女兒墻parapet雨蓬canopy屋脊roofridge坡度slope坡跨比pitch分水線water-shed二氈三油2layersoffelt&3coatsofbitumastic附加油氈一層extraplyoffelt檐口eave挑檐overhangingeave檐溝eavegutter平屋面flatroof坡屋面pitchedroof雨水管downspout,rainwaterpipe)(R.W.P)匯水面積catchmentarea泛水flashing內(nèi)排水interiordrainage夕卜排水exteriordrainage滴水drip屋面排水roofdrainage找平層levelingcourse卷材屋面built-uproofing天棚ceiling檁條purlin屋面板roofingboard天花板ceilingboard防水層water-proofcourse檢查孑Linspectionhole人孑Lmanhole吊頂suspendedceiling,falseceiling檐板(窗簾盒)corniceWall(cladding)墻體(外墻板)磚墻brickwall砌塊墻blockwall清水磚墻brickwallwithoutplastering抹灰墻renderedwall石膏板墻gypsumboard,plasterboard空心磚墻hollowbrickwall承重墻bearingwall非承重墻non-bearingwall縱墻longitudinalwall橫墻transversewall夕卜墻external(exterior)wall內(nèi)墻internal(interior)wall填充墻fillerwall防火墻firewall窗間墻wallbetweenwindow空心墻cavitywall壓頂coping圈梁gird,girt,girth玻璃隔斷glazedwall防潮層damp-proofcourse(D.P.C)遮陽(yáng)板sunshade陽(yáng)臺(tái)balcony伸縮縫expansionjoint沉降縫settlementjoint抗震縫seismicjoint復(fù)合夾心板sandwichboard壓型單板corrugatedsinglesteelplate外墻板claddingpanel復(fù)合板compositepanel輕質(zhì)隔斷l(xiāng)ight-weightpartition牛腿bracket磚煙囪brickchimney勒腳(基座)plinthFloor&Trench地面及地溝地坪grade地面和樓面groundandfloor素土夯實(shí)rammedearth爐渣夯實(shí)tampedcinder填土filledearth回填土夯實(shí)tampedbackfill墊層beddingcourse,blinding面層covering,finish結(jié)合層bonding(binding)course找平層levelingcourse素水泥漿結(jié)合層neatcementbindingcourse混凝土地面concretefloor水泥地面cementfloor機(jī)器磨平混凝土地面machinetrowelledconcretefloor水磨石地面terrazzoflooring馬賽克地面mosaicflooring瓷磚地面ceramictileflooring油地氈地面linoleumflooring預(yù)制水磨石地面precastterrazzoflooring硬木花地面hard-woodparquetflooring擱柵joist硬木毛地面hard-woodroughflooring企口板地面tonguedandgroovedflooring防酸地面acid-resistantfloor鋼筋混凝土樓板reinforcedconcreteslab(R.CSlab)乙烯基地面vinylflooring水磨石嵌條dividerstripforterrazzo地面做2%坡floorwith2%slope集水溝gully集水口gulley排水溝drainagetrench溝蓋板trenchcover活動(dòng)蓋板removablecoverplate集水坑sumppit孔翻邊holeupstand電纜溝cabletrenchhDoors、Glass、Windows&Ironmongery(Hardware)門、玻璃、窗及五金件木(鋼)門wooden(steel)door鑲板門panelleddoor夾板門plywooddoor鋁合金門aluminumalloydoor卷簾門rollershutterdoor彈簧門swingdoor推拉門slidingdoor平開(kāi)門side-hungdoor折疊門foldingdoor旋轉(zhuǎn)門revolvingdoor玻璃門glazeddoor密閉門air-Tightdoor保溫門thermalinsulatingdoor鍍鋅鐵絲網(wǎng)門galvanizedsteelwiremeshdoor防火門firedoor(大門上的)小門wicket門框doorframe門扇doorleaf門洞dooropening結(jié)構(gòu)開(kāi)洞structuralopening單扇門singledoor雙扇門doubledoor疏散門emergencydoor紗門screendoor門檻doorsill門過(guò)梁doorlintel上冒頭toprail下冒頭bottomrail門邊木stile門樘側(cè)料sidejumb槽口notch木窗woodenwindow鋼窗steelwindow鋁合金窗aluminumalloywindow百葉窗(通風(fēng)為主)sun-bind,louver(louver,shutter,blind)塑鋼窗plasticsteelwindow空腹鋼窗hollowsteelwindow固定窗fixedwindow平開(kāi)窗side-hungwindow推拉窗slidingwindow氣窗transom上懸窗top-hungwindow中懸窗center-pivotedwindow下懸窗hopperwindow活動(dòng)百葉窗adjustablelouver天窗skylight老虎窗dormerwindow密封雙層玻璃sealeddoubleglazing鋼筋混凝土過(guò)梁reinforcedconcretelintel鋼筋磚過(guò)梁reinforcedbricklintel窗扇casementsash窗臺(tái)windowsill窗臺(tái)板windowboard窗中梃mullion窗橫木mutin窗邊木stile壓縫條covermould窗簾盒curtainbox合頁(yè)(鉸鏈)hinge(butts)轉(zhuǎn)車由pivot長(zhǎng)腳鉸鏈parliamenthinge閉門器doorcloser地彈簧floorcloser插銷bolt門鎖doorlock拉手pull鏈條chain門鉤doorhanger碰球balllatch窗鉤windowcatch暗插銷insertbolt電動(dòng)開(kāi)關(guān)器electricopener平板玻璃plateglass夾絲玻璃wireglass透明玻璃clearglass毛玻璃(磨砂玻璃)groundglass(frostedglass)防彈玻璃bullet-proofglass石英玻璃quartzglass吸熱玻璃heatabsorbingglass磨光玻璃polishedglass著色玻璃pigmentedglass玻璃瓦glasstile玻璃磚glassblock有機(jī)玻璃organicglassI.Staircase、Landing&Lift(Elevator)樓梯、休息平臺(tái)及電梯樓梯stair樓梯間staircase疏散梯emergencystair旋轉(zhuǎn)梯spiralstair(circularstair)吊車梯craneladder直爬梯verticalladder踏步step扇形踏步winder(wheelstep)踏步板tread檔步板riser踏步寬度treadwidth防滑條non-slipinsert(strips)欄桿railing(balustrade)平臺(tái)欄桿platformrailing吊裝孑L欄桿railingaroundmountinghole扶手handrail梯段高度heightofflight防護(hù)梯籠protectingcage(safetycage)平臺(tái)landing(platform)操作平臺(tái)operatingplatform裝卸平臺(tái)platformforloading&unloading樓梯平臺(tái)stairlanding客梯passengerlift貨梯goodslift客/貨兩用梯goods/passengerlift液壓電梯hydrauliclift自動(dòng)扶梯escalator觀光電梯observationelevator電梯機(jī)房liftmortarroom電梯坑liftpit電梯井道liftshaftj.Buildingmaterialwordsandphrases建筑材料詞匯及短語(yǔ)?BricksandTiles磚和瓦紅磚redbrick粘土磚claybrick瓷磚glazedbrick(ceramictile)防火磚firebrick空心磚hollowbrick面磚facingbrick地板磚flooringtile缸磚clinkerybrick馬賽克mosaic陶?；炷羉eramsiteconcrete琉璃瓦glazedtile脊瓦ridgetile石棉瓦asbestostile(shingle)波形石棉水泥瓦corrugatedasbestoscementsheetLime,SandandStone灰、砂和石石膏gypsum大理石marble漢白玉whitemarble花崗巖granite碎石crushedstone毛石rubble蛭石vermiculite珍珠巖pearlite水磨石terrazzo卵石cobble礫石gravel粗砂coursesand中砂mediumsand細(xì)砂finesandCement,MortarandConcrete水泥、砂漿和混凝土波特蘭水泥(普通硅酸鹽水泥)Portlandcement硅酸鹽水泥silicatecement火山灰水泥pozzolanacement白水泥whitecement水泥砂漿cementmortar石灰砂漿limemortar水泥石灰砂漿(混合砂漿)cementlimemortar保溫砂漿thermalmortar防水砂漿water-proofmortar耐酸砂漿acid-resistantmortar耐堿砂漿alkaline-resistantmortar瀝青砂漿bituminousmortar紙筋灰paperstripmixedlimemortar麻刀灰hempcutlimemortar灰縫mortarjoint素混凝土plainconcrete鋼筋混凝土reinforcedconcrete輕質(zhì)混凝土lightweightconcrete纟田石混凝土fineaggregateconcrete瀝青混凝土asphaltconcrete泡沫混凝土foamedconcrete爐渣混凝土cinderconcrete?FacingAndPlasteringMaterials飾面及粉刷材料水刷石graniticplaster斬假石artificialstone刷漿limewash可賽銀casein大白漿whitewash麻刀灰打底hempcutsandlimeasbase噴大白漿兩道sprayedtwicewithwhitewash分格抹水泥砂漿cementmortarplastersectioned板條抹灰lathandplasterAsphalt(Bitumen)andAsbestos瀝青和石棉瀝青卷材asphaltfelt瀝青填料asphaltfiller瀝青膠泥asphaltgrout冷底子油adhesivebitumenprimer瀝青瑪啼脂asphalticmastic瀝青麻絲bitumasticoakum石棉板asbestossheet石棉纖維asbestosfiberTimber木材裂縫crack透裂split環(huán)裂shake干縮shrinkage翹曲warping原木log圓木roundtimber方木squaretimber板材plank木條batten板條lath木板board紅松redpine白松whitepine落葉松deciduouspine云杉spruce柏木cypress白楊whitepoplar樺木birch冷杉fir櫟木oak榴木willow榆木elm杉木cedar柚木teak樟木camphorwood防腐處理的木材preservative-treatedlumber膠合板plywood三(五)合板3(5)-plywood企口板tonguedandgroovedboard層夾板laminatedplank膠合層夾木材glue-laminatedlumber纖維板fiber-board竹子bamboo?MetallicMaterials金屬材料黑色金屬ferrousmetal圓鋼steelbBar方鋼squaresteel扁鋼steelatrap型乍岡steelsection(shape)槽鋼channel角鋼anglesteel等邊角鋼equal-legangle不等邊角鋼unequal-legangle工字鋼I-beam寬翼緣工字鋼wideflangeI-beam丁(之)字鋼T-bar(Z-bar)冷彎薄壁型鋼lightgaugecold-formedsteelshape熱軋hot-rolled冷軋cold-rolled冷拉cold-drawn冷壓cold-pressed合金鋼alloysteel鈦合金titaniumalloy不銹鋼stainlesssteel竹節(jié)鋼筋corrugatedsteelbar變形鋼筋deformedbar光圓鋼筋plainroundbar鋼板steelplate薄鋼板thinsteelplate低碳鋼lowcarbonsteel冷彎coldbending鋼管steelpipe(tube)無(wú)縫鋼管seamlesssteelpipe焊接鋼管weldedsteelpipe黑鐵管ironpipe鍍鋅鋼管galvanizedsteelpipe鑄鐵castiron生鐵pigiron熟鐵wroughtiron鍍鋅鐵皮galvanizedsteelsheet鍍鋅鐵絲galvanizedsteelwire鋼絲網(wǎng)steelwiremesh多孔金屬網(wǎng)expandedmetal錳鋼managanesesteel高強(qiáng)度合金鋼highstrengthalloysteelNon-FerrousMetal有色金屬金gold白金platinum銅copper黃銅brass青銅bronze銀silver鋁aluminum鉛leadAnti-CorrosionMaterials防腐蝕材料聚乙烯polythene,polyethylene尼龍nylon聚氯乙烯PVC(polyvinylchloride)聚碳酸酯polycarbonate聚苯乙烯polystyrene丙烯酸樹(shù)酯acrylicresin乙烯基酯vinylester橡膠內(nèi)襯rubberlining氯丁橡膠neoprene瀝青漆bitumenpaint環(huán)氧樹(shù)脂漆epoxyresinpaint氧化鋅底漆zincoxideprimer防銹漆anti-rustpaint耐酸漆acid-resistantpaint耐堿漆alkali-resistantpaint水玻璃sodiumsilicate樹(shù)脂砂漿resin-bondedmortar環(huán)氧樹(shù)月旨epoxyresinBuildingHardware建筑五金采暖通風(fēng)H.V.A.C(heating采暖通風(fēng)H.V.A.C(heating、現(xiàn)場(chǎng)site擴(kuò)建extension改建reconstruction防火fire-prevention防震aseismatic,quake-proof防腐anti-corrosion防潮dump-proof防水water-proof防塵dust-proof防銹rust-proof車流量trafficvolume貨流量freighttrafficvolume人流量pedestrianvolume透視圖perspectivedrawing建筑模型buildingmodel?ArchitecturalPhysics建筑物理照明illumination照度degreeofillumination亮度brightness日照sunshine天然采光naturallighting光強(qiáng)lightintensity側(cè)光sidelight頂光toplight眩光glaze方位角azimuth輻射radiation對(duì)流convection傳導(dǎo)conduction遮陽(yáng)sun-shade保溫thermalinsulation恒溫constanttemperature恒濕constanthumidity噪音noise隔音sound-proof吸音soundabsorption釘子nails螺紋屋面釘spiral-threadedroofingnail環(huán)紋石膏板釘annular-ringgypsumboardnail螺絲screws平頭螺絲flat-headscrew螺栓bolt普通螺栓commercialbolt高強(qiáng)螺栓highstrengthbolt預(yù)埋螺栓insertbolt脹錨螺栓cinchbolt墊片washerPaint油漆底漆primer防銹底漆rust-inhibitiveprimer防腐漆anti-corrosionpaint調(diào)和漆mixedpaint無(wú)光漆flatpaint透明漆varnish銀粉漆aluminumpaint磁漆enamelpaint干性油dryingoil稀釋劑thinner焦油tar瀝青漆asphaltpaint桐油tungoil,Chinesewoodoil紅丹redlead鉛油leadoil膩?zhàn)觩uttyk.Otherarchitectureterms其它建筑術(shù)語(yǔ)Discipline專業(yè)建筑architecture土木civil給排水watersupplyanddrainage總圖plotplanventilationandairconditioning)電力供應(yīng)electricpowersupply電氣照明electriclighting電訊telecommunication儀表instrument熱力供應(yīng)heatpowersupply動(dòng)力mechanicalpower工藝processtechnology冷倍??官道piping?ConventionalTerms一般通用名詞建筑原理architectonics建筑形式architecturalstyle民用建筑civilarchitecture城市建筑urbanarchitecture農(nóng)村建筑ruralarchitecture農(nóng)業(yè)建筑farmbuilding工業(yè)建筑industrialbuilding重工業(yè)的heavyindustrial輕工業(yè)的lightindustrial古代建筑ancientarchitecture現(xiàn)代建筑modernarchitecture標(biāo)準(zhǔn)化建筑standardizedbuildings附屬建筑auxiliarybuildings城市規(guī)劃cityplanning廠區(qū)內(nèi)withinsite廠區(qū)外offsite封閉式closedtype開(kāi)敞式opentype半開(kāi)敞式semi-opentype模數(shù)制modularsystem單位造價(jià)unitcost概算preliminaryestimate承包商constructor,contractor露點(diǎn)dewpoint隔汽vapor-proofNameOfProfessionalrole職務(wù)名稱項(xiàng)目經(jīng)理projectmanager(PM)設(shè)計(jì)經(jīng)理designmanager首席建筑師principalarchitect總工程師chiefengineer土木工程師civilengineer工藝工程師processengineer電氣工程師electricalengineer機(jī)械工程師mechanicalengineer計(jì)劃工程師planningengineer助理工程師assistantengineer實(shí)習(xí)生probationer專家specialist,expert制圖員draftsman技術(shù)員technicianDrafting制圖總說(shuō)明generalspecification工程說(shuō)明projectspecification采用標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)范目錄listofstandardsandspecificationadopted圖紙目錄listofdrawings平面圖plan局部放大圖detailwithenlargedscale平面示意圖schematicplanof...平剖面圖sectionalplanof...留孑L平面圖planofprovisionofholes咅U面section縱咅U面longitudinalsection橫咅U面cross(transverse)section立面elevation正立面frontelevation透視圖perspectivedrawing狽9立面sideelevation背立面backelevation詳圖detaildrawings典型節(jié)點(diǎn)typicaldetail節(jié)點(diǎn)號(hào)detailNo.首頁(yè)frontpage圖紙目錄及說(shuō)明listofcontentsanddescription圖例legend示意圖diagram草圖sketch荷載簡(jiǎn)圖loaddiagram流程示意圖flowdiagram標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖standarddrawing布置圖layoutof...地形圖topographicalmap土方工程圖earth-workdrawing展開(kāi)圖developeddrawing模板圖formworkdrawing配己筋arrangementofreinforcement表格tables工程進(jìn)度表workingschedule技術(shù)經(jīng)濟(jì)指標(biāo)technicalandeconomicalindex建、構(gòu)筑物一覽表listofbuildingsandstructures編號(hào)coding序列號(hào)serialNo.行和欄rowsandcolumns備注remarks等級(jí)grade直線straightLine曲線curves曲折線zigzagline虛線dottedline實(shí)線solidline影線hatchingline點(diǎn)劃線dotanddashline軸線axis等高線contourLine中心線centerLine雙曲線hyperbola拋物線parabola切線tangentLine尺寸線dimensionLine園形round環(huán)形annular方形square矩形rectangle平行四邊形parallelogram三角形triangle五角形pentagon六角形hexagon八角形octagon梯形trapezoid圓圈circle弓形sagment扇形sector球形的spherical拋物面paraboloid圓錐形cone橢圓形ellipse,oblong面積area體積volume容量capacity重量weight質(zhì)量mass力force米meter厘米centimeter毫米millimeter公頃hectate牛頓/平方米Newton/squaremeter千克/立方米kilogram/cubicmeter英尺foot英寸inch磅pound噸ton加侖gallon千磅kip平均尺寸averagedimension變尺寸variabledimension夕卜形尺寸overalldimension展開(kāi)尺寸developeddimension內(nèi)徑insidediameter夕卜徑outsidediameter凈重netweight毛重grossweight數(shù)量quantity百分比percentage凈空clearance凈高h(yuǎn)eadroom凈距cleardistance凈跨clearspan截面尺寸sectionaldimension開(kāi)間bay進(jìn)深depth單跨singlespan雙跨doublespan多跨multi-span標(biāo)高elevation,level絕對(duì)標(biāo)高absoluteelevation設(shè)計(jì)標(biāo)高designedelevation室外地面標(biāo)高groundelevation室內(nèi)地面標(biāo)高floorelevation柱網(wǎng)columngrid坐標(biāo)coordinate廠區(qū)占地sitearea使用面積usablearea輔助面積servicearea通道面積passagearea管架piperack管廊pipelinegallery架空管線overheadpipeline排水溝drainditch集水坑sumppit噴泉fountain地漏floordrain消火栓firehydrant滅火器fireextinguisher二氧化碳滅火器carbondioxideextinguisher鹵代烷滅火器halonextinguisherSTRUCTURE結(jié)構(gòu)專業(yè)a.Load荷載拔力pullingforce標(biāo)準(zhǔn)值standardvalue殘余應(yīng)力residualstress沖擊荷載impactload,punchload殘余變形residualdeflection承壓bearing承載能力bearingcapacity承重bearing,loadbearing承重結(jié)構(gòu)bearingstructure脆性材料brittlematerial脆性破壞brittlefailure抵抗力resistingpower,resistance吊車荷載craneload分布荷載distributedload風(fēng)荷載windload風(fēng)速windvelocity,windspeed風(fēng)壓windpressure風(fēng)振windvibration浮力buoyance,floatage符號(hào)symbol,mark負(fù)彎矩negativemoment,hoggingmoment附加荷載additionalload附加應(yīng)力additionalstress副作用sideeffect,by-effect剛度rigidity剛度比ratioofrigidity剛度系數(shù)rigidityfactor岡U接rigidconnection剛性節(jié)點(diǎn)rigidjoint恒載deadload荷載傳遞transmissionofload固端彎矩fixed-endmoment活荷載liveload積灰荷載dustload集中荷載concentratedload加載，加荷loading剪力shear,shearingforce剪切破壞shearfailure剪應(yīng)變shearstrain剪應(yīng)力shearstress簡(jiǎn)支simplesupport靜定結(jié)構(gòu)staticallydeterminatestructure截面模量modulusofsection,sectionmodulus靜力staticforce靜力分析staticanalysis局部壓力localpressure,partialpressure局部壓屈localbulkling絕對(duì)值absolutevalue均布荷載uniformlydistributedload抗拔力pullingresistance抗剪剛度shearrigidity抗剪強(qiáng)度shearstrength,shearingstrength彈性變形elasticdeformation沉降差differenceinsettlement抗拉強(qiáng)度tensilestrength塑性變形plasticdeformation沉降縫settlementjoint抗扭torsionresistance彈性模量modulusofelastic,沉井sinkingwell,sunkwell抗扭剛度torsionalrigidityelasticmodulus沉箱caisson抗彎bendingresistance體積volume,bulk,cubature,cubage持力層bearingstratum抗彎剛度bendingrigidity土壓力earthpressure,soilpressure沖積alluviation抗壓強(qiáng)度compressivestrength,彎矩bendingmoment,moment錘夯hammertampingcompressionstrength彎曲半徑radiusatbent,radiusof檔土墻retainingwall,breastwall可靠性reliabilitycurve底板baseslab,baseplate,bedplate可靠性設(shè)計(jì)reliabilitydesign位移displacement地板floorboard拉力tensileforce溫度應(yīng)力temperaturestress地基groundbase,ground拉應(yīng)力tensilestress,tensionstress溫度作用temperatureaction地基承載力groundbearingcapacity拉應(yīng)變tensilestrain,tensionstrain系數(shù)coefficient,factor地基處理groundtreatment,soil臨界點(diǎn)criticalpoint雪荷載snowloadtreatment臨界荷載criticalload壓應(yīng)變compressionstrain地基穩(wěn)定basestabilization臨界應(yīng)力criticalstress壓應(yīng)力compressionstress地梁groundbeam,groundsill密度density應(yīng)力集中concentrationofstress地漏floordrain離心力centrifugalforce預(yù)應(yīng)力prestressingforce,prestress地卜丄程substructurework,摩擦力frictionforce振動(dòng)荷載vibratingload,rackingloadunderstructurework摩擦系數(shù)frictionalfactor支座反力supportreaction地下室basement,cellar撓度deflection自重ownweight地下水groundwater內(nèi)力internalforce,innerforce作用action,effect地下水位groundwaterlevel,water扭矩momentoftorsion,torsional作用點(diǎn)pointofapplication,tablemomentapplicationjoint地下水壓力groundwaterpressure疲勞強(qiáng)度f(wàn)atiguestrength偏心荷載eccentricload,non-centralloadb.GroundBaseandFoundation地基及地質(zhì)扌報(bào)告geologicreport墊層bedding,blinding獨(dú)立基礎(chǔ)isolatedfoundation,偏心足巨eccentricdistance,基礎(chǔ)individualfoundationeccentricity板樁sheetpile,sheetingpile端承樁end-bearingpile偏心受拉eccentrictension偏心受壓eccentriccompression屈服強(qiáng)度yieldstrength使用荷載workingload水平力horizontalforce板樁基礎(chǔ)sheetpilefoundation飽和粘土saturationclay冰凍線frostline,freezinglevel不均勻沉降unequalsettlement,differentialsettlement筏式基礎(chǔ)raftfoundation粉砂silt,rockflour粉質(zhì)粘土siltyclay粉質(zhì)土siltysoil扶壁式檔土墻buttressedretaining水平推力horizontalthrust殘積土residualsoilwall彈塑性變形elastoplasticdeformation沉積物deposit,sediment腐蝕corrosion彈性elasticity,resilience,spring沉降settlement覆土earthcovering塑限plasticlimit剛性基礎(chǔ)rigidfoundation溝蓋板trenchcover固結(jié)consolidation灌注樁cast-in-placepile,castinsitepile護(hù)坡slopeprotection,revetment護(hù)樁guardpile環(huán)墻ringwall灰土limeearth回填backfill,backfilling回填土backfill,backfillsoil混凝土找平層concretescreed火山灰水泥trasscement基槽foundationtrench基礎(chǔ)foundation,base基礎(chǔ)底板foundationslab基礎(chǔ)埋深embeddeddepthoffoundation基礎(chǔ)平面圖foundationplan地基勘探siteexploration,siteinvestigation基坑foundationpit集水坑collectingsump階形基礎(chǔ)steppedfoundation結(jié)合層bindingcourse,bondingcourse井點(diǎn)wellpoint井點(diǎn)排水wellpointunwatering開(kāi)挖excavation,cutting勘測(cè)explorationandsurvey勘測(cè)資料explorationdata瀝青bitumen,asphalt,pitch聯(lián)合基礎(chǔ)combinedfoundation卵石cobble,pebble埋置embedment毛石基礎(chǔ)rubblefoundation錨筋anchorbar錨樁anchorpile密實(shí)度compactness,density,denseness摩擦樁frictionpile,floatingpile粘土clay粘質(zhì)粉土claysilt碾壓rollercompaction,rolling排水drainage,dewatering排水溝drainageditch排水孑Lweephole,drainhole排水設(shè)備dewateringequipment普通硅酸鹽水泥ordinaryPortlandcement群樁groupedpiles容許沉降permissiblesettlement容許承載力allowablebearing軟土softsoil砂墊層sandbeddingcourse,sandcushion砂土sandysoil,sands砂質(zhì)粉土sandysilt設(shè)備基礎(chǔ)equipmentfoundation水泥攪拌樁cementinjection素土夯實(shí)rammedearth,packedsoil碎石樁stonecolumns彈性地基elasticfoundation彈性地基梁beamonelasticfoundation填方fill,filling填土earth-fill,earthfilling,filling條形基礎(chǔ)stripfoundation土方工程earthwork挖方excavationwork,excavation箱形基礎(chǔ)boxfoundation壓實(shí)compaction,compacting壓實(shí)系數(shù)compactingfactor驗(yàn)槽checkoffoundationsubsoil預(yù)制混凝土樁precastconcretepile中砂mediumsand重力式檔土墻gravityretainingwall樁承臺(tái)pilecap鉆孔樁boredpile乍占探explorationdrilling,drilling,最終沉降finalsettlementReinforcementConcreteStructure鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)板縫slabjoint板厚thicknessofslab板式樓梯crankedslabstairs板跨度spanofslab薄壁結(jié)構(gòu)thin-walledstructure薄腹梁thinweddedgirder保護(hù)層protectivecoating臂式吊車boomcrane,boomhoist邊梁edgebeam,boundarybeam變截面variablecross-section變形縫movementjoint變形鋼筋deformedbar初凝initialsetting,pre-setting次梁secondarybeam大型屋面板precastribbedroofslab單層廠房one-storiedfactory單筋梁beamwithsinglereinforcement單跨singlespan單向板one-wayslab墊塊cushionblock墊梁templatebeam吊車梁cranebeam,cranegirder頂棚抹灰ceilingplastering端跨endspan,tailbay多跨連續(xù)梁multi-spanbeam翻邊upstand反梁upstandbeam分布鋼筋distribution-bar封閉式箍筋closedstirrup附加鋼筋additionalbar岡U架rigidframe,stiffframe鋼筋reinforcement,steelbar,bar鋼筋表BarSchedules鋼筋籠steelreinforcementcage鋼筋間距spacingofbars,barspacing鋼筋網(wǎng)bar-matreinforcement,meshreinforcement鋼筋磚reinforcedbrick勾縫jointpointing構(gòu)架frame,gallows構(gòu)件member,structuralmember構(gòu)造construction構(gòu)造鋼筋constructionalreinforcement構(gòu)造柱onstructionalcolumn,tiecolumn構(gòu)筑物structure箍筋hoopreinforcement,hooping箍筋間距stirrupspacing固定端fixedend,retainedend固端梁fixed-endbeam,fixedbeam過(guò)梁lintel,breastsummer混凝土強(qiáng)度等級(jí)gradeofconcrete機(jī)制磚machine-madebrick剪力墻shearwall簡(jiǎn)支梁simplysupportedbeam經(jīng)濟(jì)跨度economicspan經(jīng)濟(jì)配筋率economicratioofreinforcement勁性鋼筋stiffreinforcement勁性鋼筋混凝土結(jié)構(gòu)steelcompositeconstruction徑向鋼筋radialreinforcement抗剪鋼筋shearreinforcement抗拉鋼筋tensionreinforcement受壓鋼筋compressionreinforcement可見(jiàn)裂縫visiblecrack刻痕鋼絲indentedsteelwire坑pit,hollow,delve空斗墻rowlockcavitywall,rolockwall空心板hollowslab空心磚隔墻hollowtilepartition跨度span框架frame框架剪力墻結(jié)構(gòu)frame-shearwallstructure拉接鋼筋tiebar欄桿railing,banister欄桿立柱railingpost老化aging累積誤差accumulatederror肋形樓板ribbedfloorslab冷拔低碳鋼絲cold-drawnlow-carbonwire冷脆性coldshortness,coolingbrittleness冷彎coldbending冷軋coldrolling離析segregation梁墊beampad,template,pad梁撓度beamdeflection樓梯斜梁string,stringer螺旋樓梯spiralstair,windingstaircase馬鞍形殼saddleshell錨固anchoring門框，門樘doorframe門式剛架portalframe面磚,墻面磚facingtile,walltile耐火混凝土fire-resistingconcrete排架bent,bentframe女兒墻parapetwall,parapet配筋率reinforcementratio配箍率stirrupratio砌塊block圈梁ringbeam,tiebeam,bondbeam山墻gable深梁deepbeam伸縮縫expansionjoint實(shí)腹梁solidwebgirder實(shí)腹柱solidwebcolumn豎向鋼筋verticalreinforcement雙向配筋two-wayreinforcement素混凝土plainconcrete筒中筒結(jié)構(gòu)tube-in-tubestructure網(wǎng)狀鋼筋steelmeshreinforcement圍堰cofferdam,coffer無(wú)梁樓蓋flatslab,flatplate系梁tiebeam預(yù)應(yīng)力鋼筋混凝土prestressedreinforcedconcrete預(yù)應(yīng)力構(gòu)件prestressedcomponent預(yù)制prefabrication預(yù)制板precastslab預(yù)制構(gòu)件prefabricationcomponent預(yù)制裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)prefabricatedconstruction折板foldedplate,foldedslab折板結(jié)構(gòu)folded-platestructure主筋mainreinforcement,mainbar主梁mainbeam,girder柱距columnspacing,postspacing裝配式結(jié)構(gòu)fabricatedstructure縱梁longitudinalbeam縱咅U面longitudinalsection縱向鋼筋longitudinalbarSteelStructure鋼結(jié)構(gòu)薄壁型鋼light-gaugesteelsection,hollowsteelsection不等肢角鋼unequalanglesteel槽鋼channel,channelsteel背對(duì)背角鋼組合anglesbacktoback不銹鋼stainlesssteel除銹rust-removal粗制螺栓roughbolt,blackbolt帶鋼stripsteel,bandiron單面焊singleweld,one-sidewelding地腳螺栓foundationbolt,anchorbolt,holdingdownbolt'點(diǎn)焊spotwelding,pointwelding電動(dòng)葫蘆electrichoist等邊角鋼equalangle,equallegangle對(duì)接焊，對(duì)焊buttwelding腹板webplate,web腹桿webmember腹板加勁件webstiffener桿rod,bar鋼板steelplate鋼管steeltube,steelpipe鋼桁架steeltruss鋼框架steelframe鋼梯，爬梯steelladder高強(qiáng)度螺栓highstrengthbolt格構(gòu)柱latticecolumn工字梁I-girder,I-beam工字鋼I-steel工字形截面I-shapedcross-section焊縫weldingseam焊接welding焊接長(zhǎng)度weldlength焊條weldingrod桁架truss紅丹底漆redleadprimer紅丹漆redleadpaint力口勁肋stiffeningrib,ribstiffener加勁板stiffeningplate角鋼anglesteel節(jié)點(diǎn)joint,node節(jié)點(diǎn)板gussetplate,gusset節(jié)點(diǎn)位移jointdisplacement節(jié)間長(zhǎng)度panellength緊固螺栓clampbolt,fasteningbolt精制螺栓turnedbolt可焊性weldability空腹桁架open-webtruss空間桁架spacetruss肋板ribbedpanel,ribbedslab連接板connectingplate,jointplate檁條purline螺母screwnut,nut螺栓bolt螺栓孔bolthole螺紋screwthread,thread螺紋長(zhǎng)度lengthofthread螺紋鋼screw-threadedsteel,twistedsteel拉桿tierod,tensionrod滿焊fullweld鉚釘rivet錳鋼manganesesteel噴砂sandblasting輕鋼結(jié)構(gòu)lightweightsteelconstruction三角架tripod上弦topchord,upperchord上弦橫向水平支撐upperlateralbracing上弦縱向水平支撐upperlongitudinalbracing平面桁架planetruss實(shí)腹剛架solidwebrigidframe塔架pylonbent特種鋼specialsteel調(diào)和漆mixedpaint貼角焊filletweld,filletwelding托架bracket網(wǎng)架結(jié)構(gòu)gridstructure屋架rooftruss,principal無(wú)縫鋼管seamlesssteelpipe系桿tierod,tiebar,tie下弦bottomchord,lowerchord下弦橫向水平支撐bottomlateralbracing斜撐diagonalbrace,diagonalbracing型乍岡sectionsteel,shapedsteel懸索suspendedcable,suspensioncable壓力焊pressurewelding彳卬焊overheadwelding,invertedwelding翼緣flange翼緣板flangeplate,coverplate軋制型鋼rolledsteelsection支撐bracing,strutting鑄鐵管castironpipe組合槽鋼built-upchannel組合截面built-upsection,compoundsection自動(dòng)焊接automaticweldingDesignforAntiseismic抗震設(shè)計(jì)鞭梢效應(yīng)whippingeffect場(chǎng)地類別siteclassification場(chǎng)地土sitesoil單自由度體系single-degreeoffreedomsystem底部剪力法equivalentbaseshearmethod地震earthquake,seism地震烈度earthquakeintensity,seismicintensity地震烈度區(qū)劃圖mapofseismicintensityzoning地震影響系數(shù)seismicinfluencecoefficient地震作用earthquakeaction多自由度體系multi-degreeoffreedomsystem反應(yīng)譜responsespectrum抗震earthquakeresistance抗震縫seismicjoint,aseismicjoint抗震構(gòu)造aseismicconstruction抗震設(shè)防earthquakefortification抗震設(shè)計(jì)seismicdesign共振resonance基本周期foundamentalperiod里氏震級(jí)Richtermagnitude烈度intensity設(shè)計(jì)近震designnearearthquake設(shè)計(jì)遠(yuǎn)震designfarearthquake時(shí)程分析法timehistorymethod液化liquefaction振型vibrationmode振型分解法modalanalysismethod震源earthquakefocus震中earthquakeepicenter自由度degreeoffreedom自振周期naturalperiodofvibrationGeneralWordsforDesign設(shè)計(jì)常用詞匯安裝installation,erection扌報(bào)價(jià)offer,quotedprice報(bào)價(jià)單quotation壁柱pilaster,muralcolumn變更alteration,variation,modification變形deformation標(biāo)高elevation,level標(biāo)準(zhǔn)standard,criterion標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大樣standarddetail標(biāo)準(zhǔn)圖standarddrawing補(bǔ)充規(guī)定additionalregulations補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明additionalremarks補(bǔ)充條件supplementaryconditions不對(duì)稱asymmetry布置arrangement,layout布置圖layoutplan,layout材料material材料表billofmaterials材料強(qiáng)度strengthofmaterials參見(jiàn)詳圖referringtodetaildrawing參考點(diǎn)referencepoint參數(shù)parameter操作平臺(tái)operatingplatform草圖sketch,draft,roughdrawing側(cè)向剛度lateralrigidity側(cè)向穩(wěn)定lateralstability側(cè)向約束lateralrestraint狽9向支撐lateralbracing,sidebracing拆除demolition,removal長(zhǎng)細(xì)比slendernessratio廠房factorybuilding,millbuilding超靜定staticalindetermination承包c(diǎn)ontract承包商contractor等效截面equivalentsection底標(biāo)高bottomelevation電梯lift,elevator,electriclift電梯井elevatorhoistway,liftwell,liftshaft電梯機(jī)房elevatormachineroom方案scheme,plan,programme方案設(shè)計(jì)schematicplan方案圖schematicdrawing防爆explosionprotection,explosion-proofing防潮層damp-proofcourse防凍freezingprevention,frostprotection防凍齊Llantifreezecompound防腐preservation防腐齊Llpreservative,preservativeagent防滑slip-resistance防滑處理deslickingtreatment防滑條non-slipinsert防火fireprevention,fireproofing防火材料fireproofmaterial防火分區(qū)firecompartment防水waterproofing防水材料waterproofmaterial防水砂漿waterproofmortar防酸acidproofing方形square防銹rustprevention防銹齊Llanti-rustagent防振vibrationprotection分配系數(shù)distributioncoefficient風(fēng)化weathering,efflorescence風(fēng)向winddirection附圖attacheddrawing附注note,annotation高層建筑high-risebuilding高差differenceinelevation高跨比ratioofrisetospan

高寬比depth-widthratio高聳結(jié)構(gòu)high-risestructure隔斷partition,divider工程project,engineering工程量quantities工程量表billofquantities工業(yè)廠房industrialfactorybuilding工業(yè)建筑industrialarchitecture公稱直徑nominaldiameter公式formula公司company,corporation拱arch共振resonance,sympatheticvibration管架piperack規(guī)范regulation,code規(guī)格specifications,standards規(guī)模scale,scope國(guó)家規(guī)范nationalregulation國(guó)家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)nationalstandards合同contract橫向變形transversedeformation橫向剛度lateralrigidity化工廠chemicalplant貨梯freightelevator,goodslift極限承載能力ultimatebearingcapacity紀(jì)要summary計(jì)算書calculationsheet技術(shù)資料technicaldata剪刀撐，交叉撐X-brace,crossbrace簡(jiǎn)圖sketch,diagram簡(jiǎn)支梁simplebeam交叉intersection,crossing交點(diǎn)intersectionpoint鉸接hingedconnection,hingejoint,pinconnection結(jié)構(gòu)變形structuraldeformation結(jié)構(gòu)圖structuraldrawing結(jié)構(gòu)形式structuralstyle結(jié)構(gòu)穩(wěn)定性structuralstability結(jié)論conclusion,verdict界限limits,bounds,demarcationline緊急出口emergencyexit精確度accuracy,precision,excatitude,局部破壞localfailure,partialfailurevalue矩形局部破壞localfailure,partialfailurevalue抗凍frostresisting抗風(fēng)柱windresistancecolumn立面elevation,facade粒徑particlediameter連續(xù)梁continuousbeam兩鉸拱two-hingedarch裂縫rift,crack,crevice樓梯stair樓梯間staircase樓梯扶手stairrail樓梯凈空stairheadroom樓梯平臺(tái)，休息平臺(tái)landing,pace,stairlanding樓梯坡度pitchofstair,slopeofstair樓梯踏步stairstep鋁合金aluminumalloy鋁合金窗aluminumalloywindow民用建筑civilarchitecture摩擦friction耐火等級(jí)fireresistancerating耐久性durability,endurance爬梯catladder疲勞破壞fatiguefailure頻率frequency平面布置planlayout平臺(tái)terrace,platform,deck平臺(tái)欄桿platformrailing咅U面section咅U面圖sectionaldrawing侵蝕corrosion,erosion傾覆overturning,toppling人孑Lmanhole容許誤差allowableerror,permissibleerror容許值permissiblevalue,allowable曬圖blueprinting上部結(jié)構(gòu)superstructure設(shè)計(jì)要求designrequirements設(shè)計(jì)資料designdata伸縮縫expansionjoint室外樓梯exteriorstair,outsidestairway雙向板two-wayslab水平撐horizontalbrace踏步step踏步板tread彈簧spring填充材料fillingmaterial填充墻fillerwall挑板cantileverslab挑檐projectingeaves,overhangeaves停車場(chǎng)carpark,parkinglot通用構(gòu)件standardmember通用圖standarddrawing通用詳圖standarddetail統(tǒng)一標(biāo)準(zhǔn)unifiedstandards統(tǒng)一構(gòu)件unifiedstructureelement投標(biāo)bid,tender招標(biāo)bidding圖集collectivedrawings,collectionofdrawings圖簽titleblock■溫temperaturedifference穩(wěn)定性stability,steadiness污水處理sewagedisposal,sewagetreatment先張法預(yù)應(yīng)力pretensionedprestressing現(xiàn)行標(biāo)準(zhǔn)currentlyeffectivestandards詳圖，大樣detaildrawing,detail橡膠止水帶rubberwaterstop消防firefighting,fireprotection斜率slope卸荷unloading卸貨平臺(tái)dischargingplatform,unloadingplatform懸臂cantilever懸臂板cantileverslab懸臂梁cantileverbeam,overhangingbeam懸掛hangingsuspension壓縮機(jī)compressor壓縮模量modulusofcompression延性ductility,ductileness業(yè)主client,owner一覽表table,schedule,list有效截面effectivesection預(yù)應(yīng)力損失lossofprestres