高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件

高速列車

電技術(shù)的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofElectricTechnologyfor

HighSpeedTrain高速列車

電技術(shù)的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofEle1.高速鐵路網(wǎng)的跨越式發(fā)展

催生了高速列車技術(shù)的跨越式發(fā)展

(TheLeap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwaylinesleadstotheleap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedtraintechnologies)

高速鐵路是現(xiàn)代文明社會的一個夢，

地球上不少地方已圓了這個夢，

中國也是的！

(High-speedrailwayisadreamofmoderncivilizedsociety,whichhascometrueinmanycountries.SohasinChina!)

1.高速鐵路網(wǎng)的跨越式發(fā)展

催生了高速列車技術(shù)的跨越式發(fā)展

★2010年鐵路運營里程9萬公里以上(Operationrailwaymileagein2010reaches90,000km);★快速客運網(wǎng)總規(guī)模2萬公里以上(Fastpassengerlineaslongas20,000km)★運行速度250Km/h以上(Runningspeedashighas250km/handup)★投資總額2萬億RMB以上：2007～2012干線網(wǎng)，2012～2020支線網(wǎng)。(Totalinvestmenttopsover2000billionRMBYuan:formainlinefrom2007to2012,forbranchlinefrom2012to2020)。

“中長期鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃”

“Mid-to-longTermPlanofRailwayLine”

★2010年鐵路運營里程9萬公里以上(Operatio高速鐵路客運網(wǎng)

(High-speedPassengerLine)

—

“四縱四橫”骨架與客運專線

(-FourLongitudinalLines&FourLateralLinesandtheDedicatedPassengerLine：Framework)“四縱(FourLongitudinal)”北京—上海（1318Km）北京—武漢—深圳（2260Km）北京—哈爾濱（1700Km）杭州—福州—深圳（1600Km）

“四橫(FourLateral)”：徐州—蘭州（1400Km）杭州—長沙（880Km）青島—石家莊—太原（770Km）南京—武漢—成都（1600Km）高速鐵路客運網(wǎng)

(High-speedPassenger高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件2.夢幻列車馳騁神州

(Trains,withyourdreams,runovermainlandChina)

高速鐵路網(wǎng)主要包括(High-speedrailwaynetcomposedof)：

-高品質(zhì)的工務(wù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(Top-qualityengineeringfundamentalinfrastructure)-先進(jìn)的動力設(shè)備和列車(Advancedpowerequipmentandtrain)-信號傳輸(Signaltransmission)-牽引供電系統(tǒng)(Tractionpowersupplysystem)-快速指揮調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)(Fastdispatchandmanagementsystem)-綜合服務(wù)系統(tǒng)(Comprehensiveservicesystem)2.夢幻列車馳騁神州

(Trains,withyour

“和諧”號（CRH）高速列車

CRHHigh-speedTrain(TrainofHarmony)

制造過程中十余個省、一百余個企業(yè)

對約145個子系統(tǒng)、

1.2萬個零部件的和諧合作；

Harmonybetweenhuman-beings:

inharmonyisthecooperationofabouttenprovincesandonehundredcompanieson145sub-systemsand12000componentsduringtheproduction;

運營過程中服務(wù)質(zhì)量與乘客文明素質(zhì)的和諧。

inharmonyistheservicequalityandpassengerqualityduringoperation.

“和諧”號（CRH）高速列車

CRHHigh-speed

人與自然的和諧：

節(jié)能、環(huán)保

(Harmonybetweenhuman-beingandnature:

energy-saving,environmentalfriendly)人與自然的和諧：

2022年12月16日92022年12月14日93.上下求索之路

（RoadtoPursuetheTruthintheWorld

）增強自主創(chuàng)新能力，掌握核心技術(shù)；（Enhancingtheindependentinnovativecapability,mastercoretechnologies。）把原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新、引進(jìn)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合，螺旋式前進(jìn)。

（Combiningoriginalinnovation、integratedinnovationaswellasre-innovationbasedonintroductionandabsorption,forspiralimprovement，spiralingforward。）3.上下求索之路

（RoadtoPursuethe

3.1自主開發(fā)(Self-development)3.1自主開發(fā)(Self-development)高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件3.2吸收再創(chuàng)新

(AbsorptionandRe-innovation)“引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、聯(lián)合設(shè)計制造、打造中國品牌”，借鑒并吸收世界先進(jìn)文明成果，掌握高速列車的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。通過再創(chuàng)新，建立了“和諧號”產(chǎn)品系列和技術(shù)體系。(“Introductionoftoptechnologies,jointdesignandproduction,buildingofChinesebrand”.Tograspthecritictechnologiesofhigh-speedtraininthelightofandviaabsorptionofadvancedworldcivilizationachievements.Throughre-innovation,theCRHtrainsystemsandtechnologysystemshavebeenbuilt.)3.2吸收再創(chuàng)新

(AbsorptionandRe-i高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)

（HighSpeedTrainTechnology

）

★優(yōu)異動力學(xué)性能(Outsta-ndingDynamicsPerformans)

★車體氣密性技術(shù)(CarBodyAir-tightnessTechnology)

★交流傳動技術(shù)(ACDriveTechnology

★網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制技術(shù)

(TrainNetControlTechnology)★高速受流技術(shù)(High-speedCurrentCollectionTechnology)★

復(fù)合制動技術(shù)(CompoundBrakeTechnology)★

智能診斷技術(shù)(IntelligentDiagnosisTechnology)★

完備檢修技術(shù)

(CompleteOverhaulTechnology)高速列車技術(shù)

（HighSpeedTrainTech交流傳動（ACDriveTechnology

）高速列車要達(dá)到高速運行，必須具有大功率的牽引系統(tǒng)，速度在300km/h以上的高速列車牽引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交”變流技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代高速列車電力牽引的核心。

(Inordertorealizehigh-speedrunning,thetrainmusthavehighpowerdrivesystem,whosedrivepowerwillbeabout10MWwhenthespeedisover300km/h。Highpower“AC-DC-AC”convertertechnologyisthecoreofmodernhigh-speedtrainelectrictraction。)交流傳動（ACDriveTechnology）高速列車交流傳動系統(tǒng)集成

(TractionDriveSystemIntegration)powersemiconductordevicestractionconvertersensorassistantpowersupplyequipment

trainrunningsupervisoryequipmenttraincontrolsystem交流傳動系統(tǒng)集成

(TractionDriveSyste3.3電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

（RapidDevelopmentofPowerElectronicsTechnology）不控和半控器件→電流全控器件→電壓全控器件→功率集成器件；（uncontrolledandhalf-controlleddevice→currentfull-controlleddevice→voltagefull-controlleddevice→integratedpowerdevice；）器件體積減少了3~4個數(shù)量級；（Devicevolumedecreasesbythreetofourordersofmagnitude；）大功率器件的開關(guān)時間從毫秒級降到了微秒級；小功率的甚至降到納秒級；（Timeswitchofhighpowerdevicereducesfrommillisecondtomicrosecond,whichoflowpowerdeviceevendecreasestonanosecond;）工作頻率從50Hz增加到兆赫級;(Powerfrequencyincreasesfrom50Hztomegahertz;)變流器的功率水平從幾伏安提高到幾百兆伏安，電壓從伏級提高到幾千伏級。(Powerlevelofconverterincreasesfromseveralvoltamperetoseveralhundredmegawattsvoltampere，voltageincreasesfromvolttoseveralkilo-volt。)3.3電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

（RapidDevelop牽引變流器關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

（KeyTechnologyofTractionConverter）基礎(chǔ)研究成果(FundamentResearchAchievement)高壓IGBT技術(shù)研究（IGBTHigh-VoltageTechnologyResearch）IGBT與FRD芯片結(jié)構(gòu)研究（ResearchonarchitectureofIGBTchipandFRDchip）IGBT芯片結(jié)構(gòu)與電特性關(guān)系研究（RelationshipbetweenstructureandelectricalcharacteristicofIGBTchip）IGBT模塊可靠性技術(shù)研究（IGBTmodulereliabilitytechnologyresearch）IGBT相模塊(IGBT

phasemodule)IGBT器件IGBTdevice牽引變流器冷卻技術(shù)研究（TractionConverterCoolingTechnologyResearch）各種冷卻技術(shù)的研究（Researchonvariouscoolingtechnologies）牽引變流器熱設(shè)計仿真（Tractionconverterthermaldesighsimuation）穩(wěn)態(tài)/瞬態(tài)下散熱和冷卻研究（Researchonradiationandcoolingundersteady-stateandtransientstate）牽引變流器關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

（KeyTechnologyofT常用電壓型變流器

(VoltageSourceConverterinCommonUse)常用電壓型變流器

(VoltageSourceConve三電平變流器(Three-levelConverter)三電平變流器(Three-levelConverter)牽引變流器(TractionConverter)

一臺牽引變流器為4臺牽引電機(jī)電源的控制設(shè)備，由脈沖整流器、直流平滑電路、逆變器、真空交流接觸器等主電路設(shè)備和無觸點控制裝置、控制電源等控制電路設(shè)備構(gòu)成。Atractionconverterprovidescontrolforfourtractionmotorpowersupply，whichiscomposedofmaincircuitequipments(suchaspulserectifier、DCsmoothingcircuit、inverter、acvacuumcontactorandsoon)andcontrolcircuitequipments(suchas

non-contactcontroldevice、controlpowersupplyandsoon).tractionconverteremptycabinetcabinetoverhaulcabinetwelding牽引變流器(TractionConverter)一高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

(RapidDevelopmentofInformationTechnology)模擬裝置→數(shù)模混合裝置→數(shù)字裝置→單片機(jī)→DSP(analogdevice→analog/digital→mixed-device→digitaldevice→MCU→DSP)DSP從10位→64位，主頻從20MHz提高到1GHz以上，運算速度增加使MAC（1次乘法和1次加法）時間從400ns降低到10ns；

(DSP:10-Bit→64-Bit,clockfrequencyimprovedfrom20MHzto1GHz。TheincreaseofcalculationspeeddecreasesMAC(onemultiplicationandoneaddition)timefrom400nsto10ns。)可編程邏輯芯片從十幾門邏輯提高到百萬門邏輯；（ProgrammableLogicchipincreasesfromdozensofgatelogictomillionsofgatelogic。）不斷提高的DSP的處理速度和容量及推廣應(yīng)用

(constantlyincreasedDSPprocessingspeedandcapacityaswellasitsapplication)新的控制硬件與控制策略(newcontrolhardwareandcontrolstrategy)信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

(RapidDevelopmento轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向控制

(RotorField-orientedControl)rotatingspeedadjustortorquecurrentadjustorfluxgeneratorfieldcurrentadjustorrotorfluxobserver

轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向控制

(RotorField-oriented直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)四象限脈沖整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulseRectifierControl)輕載牽引或制動工況下功率因數(shù)控制技術(shù)研究(studyofpowerfactorcontrolunderlowloadtractionorbrakingconditions

)無電網(wǎng)電壓傳感器的四象限控制策略研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolstrategywithoutvoltagesensors)級連式多電平高壓大功率牽引變流器四象限控制系統(tǒng)研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolsystemofcascademultilevelhighvoltagelargepowertractionconverter)四象限脈沖整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulse粘著與蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipControl)輪軌粘著特性的實時檢測和判定(real-timedetectionandestimationofwheel/railadhesioncharacteristics)蠕滑檢測(slipmeasurement)傳動系統(tǒng)非線性對粘著控制性能影響(influenceofdrivesystemnonlinearityonadhesioncontrolperformance)drivewheeldirectionofmotiontractionpowerroadsurfacedryroadsurfacemoistroadsurfacecreepagevelocity粘著與蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipC列車網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

（TrainNetworkControlSystemStructure）drivercontrolandpanelswitchfirealarmtraininstruction列車網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

（TrainNetworkCont分布式列車控制系統(tǒng)

（DistributeTrainControlSystem）分布式列車控制系統(tǒng)

（DistributeTrainC基礎(chǔ)軟件(FoundationalSoftware)應(yīng)用軟件(applicationsoftware)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)軟件

（NetworkControlSystemSoftware）軟件質(zhì)量管理(SoftwareQualityManagement)運營維護(hù)軟件(operatingmaintenancesoftware)功能驗證和仿真軟件(Functionverificationandsimulationsoftware)控制軟件(controlsoftware)運營維護(hù)軟件接口

(operatingmaintenancesoftwareinterface)控制軟件接口

(controlsoftwareinterface)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧(networkprotocolstack)板級支持包(boardsupportpackage)實時操作系統(tǒng)(realtimeoperatingsystem

)工具軟件(utilitysoftware)基礎(chǔ)軟件(FoundationalSoftware)應(yīng)用牽引傳動系統(tǒng)建模與仿真

TractionDriveSystemModelandSimulationdSPACE牽引變壓器Tractiontransformer整流器中間回路RectifierDC-link逆變器電機(jī)Invertermotor控制計算機(jī)Controlcomputer接口單元Interfaceunit牽引傳動系統(tǒng)建模與仿真

TractionDriveSys生產(chǎn)線1

ProductionLine1生產(chǎn)線1

ProductionLine1生產(chǎn)線2

ProductionLine2

生產(chǎn)線2

ProductionLine24.路漫漫

（RoadtoInfinity

）新材料、新工藝、新技術(shù)，促使包括高速度列車在內(nèi)的軌道運輸裝備更節(jié)能、環(huán)保、人性化，從部件到整體的技術(shù)正經(jīng)歷新的變化。（Newmaterials,newprocessesandnewtechnologiesmaketherailequipmentincludinghighspeedtrainstobemoreenergysaving,environment-friendlyandhumanoriented.Thetechnology,fromcomponenttosystem,islivingthroughnewchanges.）4.路漫漫

（RoadtoInfinity）新材料、4.1新型變流器(NovelConverter)簡化電路，減少有源或無源器件

(simplifiedcircuit,reducingactiveorpassivedevice)降耗節(jié)能

(lossreducingandenergysaving)4.1新型變流器(NovelConverter)簡化電路矩陣變流器

MatrixConverter矩陣變流器

MatrixConverter9開關(guān)交-交變流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACConverter9開關(guān)交-交變流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACCo雙電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Two-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter雙電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Two-LeverAC-DC三電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Three-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter三電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Three-LeverAC-軟開關(guān)變流器

(soft-switchpowerconverter)

軟開關(guān)條件：一方面是重復(fù)地使器件上的電壓為零、或強迫流過器件的電流為零，并隨即保持一個足夠長的時間以完成換流；另一方面，器件必須在零電壓或零電流期間，盡快完成換流過程。

(Soft-switchconditions:oneside,repeatedlybringingdevicevoltagetozero、orforcingcurrentthroughdevicetobezero,andholdingenoughtimetofinishcurrentconvert;ontheotherhand,devicemustfinishcurrentconvertduringthecourseofzerovoltageorzerocurrent。)目前有兩類電路可以滿足前一方面的要求：諧振直流環(huán)節(jié)和諧振吸收回路。

(Nowtherearetwotypesofcircuitwhichcansatisfytheformerrequest:resonantDC-Linkandresonanceabsorptioncircuit。)軟開關(guān)變流器

(soft-switchpowerconv準(zhǔn)諧振電路

（QRDCLcircuit）準(zhǔn)諧振電路

（QRDCLcircuit）諧振吸收電路

（resonanceabsorptioncircuit）諧振吸收電路

（resonanceabsorption4.2新控制策略

NovelControlStrategies

4.2新控制策略

NovelControlStrat間接式定子量控制

IndirectStator-QuantitiesControl間接式定子量控制

IndirectStator-Quant復(fù)合式智能控制

CombinedIntelligentControl

Example:fuzzysliding-modecontrolusingadaptivetuningtechnique

復(fù)合式智能控制

CombinedIntelligentCExample:slidingmodeneuro-adaptivecontrolExample:slidingmodeneuro-ad4.3牽引變壓器的革命

（RevolutionofTractionTransformer）A)超導(dǎo)變壓器(SuperconductingTransformer)采用超導(dǎo)導(dǎo)線代替銅導(dǎo)線，使超導(dǎo)變壓器具有小型輕量、低耗高效的特點。

(Replacingcopperwirewithsuperconductingwiremakessuperconductingtransformerbecomeminiaturizationandlightweight、lowconsumptionandhigherefficiency。）

由液態(tài)氮冷卻的鉍系列化合物（如Bi2223、Bi2212）高溫超導(dǎo)材料開始應(yīng)用于制造電氣設(shè)備和電纜。（Bismuthcompoundhightemperaturesuperconductingmaterials（suchasBi2223、Bi2212）cooledwithliquidnitrogenhavebeenappliedtomanufactureelectricequipmentandcable。4.3牽引變壓器的革命

（Revolutionof高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件B)電子變壓器（ElectricalTransformer）級聯(lián)變流器和中頻耦合變壓器的供電電路。（Powersupplyelectriccircuitofcascadedconverterandintermediatefrequencycouplingtransformer。）功率1MVA的400Hz（變比1∶1）中頻變壓器的重量為450kg，短路電抗為18.9%，效率達(dá)96.2%。（Weightof400Hzintermediatefrequencytransformerwith1MVApower（transformation

ratio1：1）is450kg,whoseshort-circuitreactanceis18.9%andefficiencyis96.2%。）

B)電子變壓器（ElectricalTransformtransformertraditionalsinglephaseAClocomotive4-QuardantconvertertractionmotorDC-linkcircuitandsnubbercircuitelectricaltransformerfront-endreactorintermediatefrequencytransformersecondarysideconverterinverterfrequencyconvertertransformertraditionalsingle4.4無齒輪的直接傳動

（GearlessDirectDrive）電動機(jī)直接套在輪軸上，電機(jī)產(chǎn)生的轉(zhuǎn)矩不經(jīng)齒輪而是直接傳遞到輪對上去,可節(jié)省空間和費用。

(motordirectlysurroundswheelaxleandtorqueproducedbymotordirectlytransferstowheelpairwithoutthroughgear,whichefficientlysavesspaceandexpense。)直接傳動特別適合永磁同步牽引電動機(jī)傳動。

(Directdriveespeciallyapplystopermanentmagnetsynchronousmotor

drive。)4.4無齒輪的直接傳動

（GearlessDirect高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件4.5永磁同步牽引傳動系統(tǒng)

(PermanentMagnetSynchronousTractionDriveSystem)高效（highefficiency）高功率密度（highpowerdensity）可控性（controllability）減少空間尺寸（reducespacesize）無齒輪直接傳動（gearlessdirectdrive）4.5永磁同步牽引傳動系統(tǒng)

(PermanentMagAGVPMmotorforAGVItaly’sNTV,hasplacedfirmordersworth€650million(US$953million)for25trains(withoptionsfor10more),andhassignedamaintenancecontractwithAlstom.Productionofthefirsttrainswillbegininmid-2008,andtheywillbedeliveredfrom2010onwards.

AGVPMmotorforAGVItaly’sNTVMaximumrpm4500Tractionpower（kW）720Brakingpower（kW）720Continuouspower（kW）720Electricnetwork(V)DC3000Polarity12Efficiency(RC)97%Framesize(mm)650Framelength(mm)650diameterTotalweight(kg)730SpecificationsofthePMmotorsforAGVMaximumrpm4500Tractionpower（BOMBARDIER

MitracPermanentMagnetMotorBOMBARDIERMitracPermanentMaZEFIRO(Bombardier)

BombardierTransportationannounced(28Sept.2009)thatitsChinesejointventure,BombardierSifang(Qingdao)TransportationLtd.,hasbeenselectedbytheChineseMinistryofRailways(MOR)tosupply80ZEFIRO380veryhighspeedtrains(1,120cars)forthecountry’srapidlygrowinghighspeedrailnetwork.ECO4TechnologiescancreateEnergySavingsofupto50%ECO4-asuiteofenergy-savingtechnologiesbaseonthefourcomerstonesof:EnergyEfficiencyEcologyEconomyZEFIRO(Bombardier)BombardE954/E955Shinkansen(TOSHIBA)

PMmotorforE954Ratedpower350kWcoolingSelfventilationEfficiency96.8%FramesizeThesameastheinductionmotorofE2/E3Weight440kgSpecificationsofthePMmotorsforE954FortheE954/E955type,permanentmagnetsynchronousmotordrivesystemthatachieveshighoutput,lightweight,lownoise,andhighefficiency.E954/E955Shinkansen(TOSHIBA)HEMU-400X

(korea)

TheNext-GenerationHigh-speedRailTechnologyDevelopmentProjectseektodevelopcoretechnologiesnecessaryforEMU-typehigh-speed(maximumof400km/h)railsystembasedonthesuccessfuldevelopmentoftheKoreanhigh-spedtrain:HSR-350X.The30keycomponentssuchaspermanentmagnetelectricmotorswith400Km/hofmaximumvelocity……

HEMU-400X

(korea)TheNext演講完畢，謝謝觀看！演講完畢，謝謝觀看！高速列車

電技術(shù)的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofElectricTechnologyfor

HighSpeedTrain高速列車

電技術(shù)的發(fā)展

DevelopmentofEle1.高速鐵路網(wǎng)的跨越式發(fā)展

催生了高速列車技術(shù)的跨越式發(fā)展

(TheLeap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedrailwaylinesleadstotheleap-forwarddevelopmentofhigh-speedtraintechnologies)

高速鐵路是現(xiàn)代文明社會的一個夢，

地球上不少地方已圓了這個夢，

中國也是的！

(High-speedrailwayisadreamofmoderncivilizedsociety,whichhascometrueinmanycountries.SohasinChina!)

1.高速鐵路網(wǎng)的跨越式發(fā)展

催生了高速列車技術(shù)的跨越式發(fā)展

★2010年鐵路運營里程9萬公里以上(Operationrailwaymileagein2010reaches90,000km);★快速客運網(wǎng)總規(guī)模2萬公里以上(Fastpassengerlineaslongas20,000km)★運行速度250Km/h以上(Runningspeedashighas250km/handup)★投資總額2萬億RMB以上：2007～2012干線網(wǎng)，2012～2020支線網(wǎng)。(Totalinvestmenttopsover2000billionRMBYuan:formainlinefrom2007to2012,forbranchlinefrom2012to2020)。

“中長期鐵路網(wǎng)規(guī)劃”

“Mid-to-longTermPlanofRailwayLine”

★2010年鐵路運營里程9萬公里以上(Operatio高速鐵路客運網(wǎng)

(High-speedPassengerLine)

—

“四縱四橫”骨架與客運專線

(-FourLongitudinalLines&FourLateralLinesandtheDedicatedPassengerLine：Framework)“四縱(FourLongitudinal)”北京—上海（1318Km）北京—武漢—深圳（2260Km）北京—哈爾濱（1700Km）杭州—福州—深圳（1600Km）

“四橫(FourLateral)”：徐州—蘭州（1400Km）杭州—長沙（880Km）青島—石家莊—太原（770Km）南京—武漢—成都（1600Km）高速鐵路客運網(wǎng)

(High-speedPassenger高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件2.夢幻列車馳騁神州

(Trains,withyourdreams,runovermainlandChina)

高速鐵路網(wǎng)主要包括(High-speedrailwaynetcomposedof)：

-高品質(zhì)的工務(wù)基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施(Top-qualityengineeringfundamentalinfrastructure)-先進(jìn)的動力設(shè)備和列車(Advancedpowerequipmentandtrain)-信號傳輸(Signaltransmission)-牽引供電系統(tǒng)(Tractionpowersupplysystem)-快速指揮調(diào)度管理系統(tǒng)(Fastdispatchandmanagementsystem)-綜合服務(wù)系統(tǒng)(Comprehensiveservicesystem)2.夢幻列車馳騁神州

(Trains,withyour

“和諧”號（CRH）高速列車

CRHHigh-speedTrain(TrainofHarmony)

制造過程中十余個省、一百余個企業(yè)

對約145個子系統(tǒng)、

1.2萬個零部件的和諧合作；

Harmonybetweenhuman-beings:

inharmonyisthecooperationofabouttenprovincesandonehundredcompanieson145sub-systemsand12000componentsduringtheproduction;

運營過程中服務(wù)質(zhì)量與乘客文明素質(zhì)的和諧。

inharmonyistheservicequalityandpassengerqualityduringoperation.

“和諧”號（CRH）高速列車

CRHHigh-speed

人與自然的和諧：

節(jié)能、環(huán)保

(Harmonybetweenhuman-beingandnature:

energy-saving,environmentalfriendly)人與自然的和諧：

2022年12月16日722022年12月14日93.上下求索之路

（RoadtoPursuetheTruthintheWorld

）增強自主創(chuàng)新能力，掌握核心技術(shù)；（Enhancingtheindependentinnovativecapability,mastercoretechnologies。）把原始創(chuàng)新、集成創(chuàng)新、引進(jìn)消化吸收再創(chuàng)新相結(jié)合，螺旋式前進(jìn)。

（Combiningoriginalinnovation、integratedinnovationaswellasre-innovationbasedonintroductionandabsorption,forspiralimprovement，spiralingforward。）3.上下求索之路

（RoadtoPursuethe

3.1自主開發(fā)(Self-development)3.1自主開發(fā)(Self-development)高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件3.2吸收再創(chuàng)新

(AbsorptionandRe-innovation)“引進(jìn)先進(jìn)技術(shù)、聯(lián)合設(shè)計制造、打造中國品牌”，借鑒并吸收世界先進(jìn)文明成果，掌握高速列車的關(guān)鍵技術(shù)。通過再創(chuàng)新，建立了“和諧號”產(chǎn)品系列和技術(shù)體系。(“Introductionoftoptechnologies,jointdesignandproduction,buildingofChinesebrand”.Tograspthecritictechnologiesofhigh-speedtraininthelightofandviaabsorptionofadvancedworldcivilizationachievements.Throughre-innovation,theCRHtrainsystemsandtechnologysystemshavebeenbuilt.)3.2吸收再創(chuàng)新

(AbsorptionandRe-i高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件高速列車技術(shù)

（HighSpeedTrainTechnology

）

★優(yōu)異動力學(xué)性能(Outsta-ndingDynamicsPerformans)

★車體氣密性技術(shù)(CarBodyAir-tightnessTechnology)

★交流傳動技術(shù)(ACDriveTechnology

★網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制技術(shù)

(TrainNetControlTechnology)★高速受流技術(shù)(High-speedCurrentCollectionTechnology)★

復(fù)合制動技術(shù)(CompoundBrakeTechnology)★

智能診斷技術(shù)(IntelligentDiagnosisTechnology)★

完備檢修技術(shù)

(CompleteOverhaulTechnology)高速列車技術(shù)

（HighSpeedTrainTech交流傳動（ACDriveTechnology

）高速列車要達(dá)到高速運行，必須具有大功率的牽引系統(tǒng)，速度在300km/h以上的高速列車牽引功率需在10MW左右。大功率“交-直-交”變流技術(shù)是現(xiàn)代高速列車電力牽引的核心。

(Inordertorealizehigh-speedrunning,thetrainmusthavehighpowerdrivesystem,whosedrivepowerwillbeabout10MWwhenthespeedisover300km/h。Highpower“AC-DC-AC”convertertechnologyisthecoreofmodernhigh-speedtrainelectrictraction。)交流傳動（ACDriveTechnology）高速列車交流傳動系統(tǒng)集成

(TractionDriveSystemIntegration)powersemiconductordevicestractionconvertersensorassistantpowersupplyequipment

trainrunningsupervisoryequipmenttraincontrolsystem交流傳動系統(tǒng)集成

(TractionDriveSyste3.3電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

（RapidDevelopmentofPowerElectronicsTechnology）不控和半控器件→電流全控器件→電壓全控器件→功率集成器件；（uncontrolledandhalf-controlleddevice→currentfull-controlleddevice→voltagefull-controlleddevice→integratedpowerdevice；）器件體積減少了3~4個數(shù)量級；（Devicevolumedecreasesbythreetofourordersofmagnitude；）大功率器件的開關(guān)時間從毫秒級降到了微秒級；小功率的甚至降到納秒級；（Timeswitchofhighpowerdevicereducesfrommillisecondtomicrosecond,whichoflowpowerdeviceevendecreasestonanosecond;）工作頻率從50Hz增加到兆赫級;(Powerfrequencyincreasesfrom50Hztomegahertz;)變流器的功率水平從幾伏安提高到幾百兆伏安，電壓從伏級提高到幾千伏級。(Powerlevelofconverterincreasesfromseveralvoltamperetoseveralhundredmegawattsvoltampere，voltageincreasesfromvolttoseveralkilo-volt。)3.3電力電子技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

（RapidDevelop牽引變流器關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

（KeyTechnologyofTractionConverter）基礎(chǔ)研究成果(FundamentResearchAchievement)高壓IGBT技術(shù)研究（IGBTHigh-VoltageTechnologyResearch）IGBT與FRD芯片結(jié)構(gòu)研究（ResearchonarchitectureofIGBTchipandFRDchip）IGBT芯片結(jié)構(gòu)與電特性關(guān)系研究（RelationshipbetweenstructureandelectricalcharacteristicofIGBTchip）IGBT模塊可靠性技術(shù)研究（IGBTmodulereliabilitytechnologyresearch）IGBT相模塊(IGBT

phasemodule)IGBT器件IGBTdevice牽引變流器冷卻技術(shù)研究（TractionConverterCoolingTechnologyResearch）各種冷卻技術(shù)的研究（Researchonvariouscoolingtechnologies）牽引變流器熱設(shè)計仿真（Tractionconverterthermaldesighsimuation）穩(wěn)態(tài)/瞬態(tài)下散熱和冷卻研究（Researchonradiationandcoolingundersteady-stateandtransientstate）牽引變流器關(guān)鍵技術(shù)

（KeyTechnologyofT常用電壓型變流器

(VoltageSourceConverterinCommonUse)常用電壓型變流器

(VoltageSourceConve三電平變流器(Three-levelConverter)三電平變流器(Three-levelConverter)牽引變流器(TractionConverter)

一臺牽引變流器為4臺牽引電機(jī)電源的控制設(shè)備，由脈沖整流器、直流平滑電路、逆變器、真空交流接觸器等主電路設(shè)備和無觸點控制裝置、控制電源等控制電路設(shè)備構(gòu)成。Atractionconverterprovidescontrolforfourtractionmotorpowersupply，whichiscomposedofmaincircuitequipments(suchaspulserectifier、DCsmoothingcircuit、inverter、acvacuumcontactorandsoon)andcontrolcircuitequipments(suchas

non-contactcontroldevice、controlpowersupplyandsoon).tractionconverteremptycabinetcabinetoverhaulcabinetwelding牽引變流器(TractionConverter)一高速列車技術(shù)發(fā)展課件信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

(RapidDevelopmentofInformationTechnology)模擬裝置→數(shù)模混合裝置→數(shù)字裝置→單片機(jī)→DSP(analogdevice→analog/digital→mixed-device→digitaldevice→MCU→DSP)DSP從10位→64位，主頻從20MHz提高到1GHz以上，運算速度增加使MAC（1次乘法和1次加法）時間從400ns降低到10ns；

(DSP:10-Bit→64-Bit,clockfrequencyimprovedfrom20MHzto1GHz。TheincreaseofcalculationspeeddecreasesMAC(onemultiplicationandoneaddition)timefrom400nsto10ns。)可編程邏輯芯片從十幾門邏輯提高到百萬門邏輯；（ProgrammableLogicchipincreasesfromdozensofgatelogictomillionsofgatelogic。）不斷提高的DSP的處理速度和容量及推廣應(yīng)用

(constantlyincreasedDSPprocessingspeedandcapacityaswellasitsapplication)新的控制硬件與控制策略(newcontrolhardwareandcontrolstrategy)信息技術(shù)的快速發(fā)展

(RapidDevelopmento轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向控制

(RotorField-orientedControl)rotatingspeedadjustortorquecurrentadjustorfluxgeneratorfieldcurrentadjustorrotorfluxobserver

轉(zhuǎn)子磁場定向控制

(RotorField-oriented直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)直接轉(zhuǎn)矩控制

(DirectTorqueControl)四象限脈沖整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulseRectifierControl)輕載牽引或制動工況下功率因數(shù)控制技術(shù)研究(studyofpowerfactorcontrolunderlowloadtractionorbrakingconditions

)無電網(wǎng)電壓傳感器的四象限控制策略研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolstrategywithoutvoltagesensors)級連式多電平高壓大功率牽引變流器四象限控制系統(tǒng)研究(researchon4-Quardantcontrolsystemofcascademultilevelhighvoltagelargepowertractionconverter)四象限脈沖整流器控制

(4-QuardantPulse粘著與蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipControl)輪軌粘著特性的實時檢測和判定(real-timedetectionandestimationofwheel/railadhesioncharacteristics)蠕滑檢測(slipmeasurement)傳動系統(tǒng)非線性對粘著控制性能影響(influenceofdrivesystemnonlinearityonadhesioncontrolperformance)drivewheeldirectionofmotiontractionpowerroadsurfacedryroadsurfacemoistroadsurfacecreepagevelocity粘著與蠕滑率控制

(AdhesionandSlipC列車網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

（TrainNetworkControlSystemStructure）drivercontrolandpanelswitchfirealarmtraininstruction列車網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)結(jié)構(gòu)

（TrainNetworkCont分布式列車控制系統(tǒng)

（DistributeTrainControlSystem）分布式列車控制系統(tǒng)

（DistributeTrainC基礎(chǔ)軟件(FoundationalSoftware)應(yīng)用軟件(applicationsoftware)網(wǎng)絡(luò)控制系統(tǒng)軟件

（NetworkControlSystemSoftware）軟件質(zhì)量管理(SoftwareQualityManagement)運營維護(hù)軟件(operatingmaintenancesoftware)功能驗證和仿真軟件(Functionverificationandsimulationsoftware)控制軟件(controlsoftware)運營維護(hù)軟件接口

(operatingmaintenancesoftwareinterface)控制軟件接口

(controlsoftwareinterface)網(wǎng)絡(luò)協(xié)議棧(networkprotocolstack)板級支持包(boardsupportpackage)實時操作系統(tǒng)(realtimeoperatingsystem

)工具軟件(utilitysoftware)基礎(chǔ)軟件(FoundationalSoftware)應(yīng)用牽引傳動系統(tǒng)建模與仿真

TractionDriveSystemModelandSimulationdSPACE牽引變壓器Tractiontransformer整流器中間回路RectifierDC-link逆變器電機(jī)Invertermotor控制計算機(jī)Controlcomputer接口單元Interfaceunit牽引傳動系統(tǒng)建模與仿真

TractionDriveSys生產(chǎn)線1

ProductionLine1生產(chǎn)線1

ProductionLine1生產(chǎn)線2

ProductionLine2

生產(chǎn)線2

ProductionLine24.路漫漫

（RoadtoInfinity

）新材料、新工藝、新技術(shù)，促使包括高速度列車在內(nèi)的軌道運輸裝備更節(jié)能、環(huán)保、人性化，從部件到整體的技術(shù)正經(jīng)歷新的變化。（Newmaterials,newprocessesandnewtechnologiesmaketherailequipmentincludinghighspeedtrainstobemoreenergysaving,environment-friendlyandhumanoriented.Thetechnology,fromcomponenttosystem,islivingthroughnewchanges.）4.路漫漫

（RoadtoInfinity）新材料、4.1新型變流器(NovelConverter)簡化電路，減少有源或無源器件

(simplifiedcircuit,reducingactiveorpassivedevice)降耗節(jié)能

(lossreducingandenergysaving)4.1新型變流器(NovelConverter)簡化電路矩陣變流器

MatrixConverter矩陣變流器

MatrixConverter9開關(guān)交-交變流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACConverter9開關(guān)交-交變流器

Nine-SwitchAC-ACCo雙電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Two-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter雙電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Two-LeverAC-DC三電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Three-LeverAC-DC-ACZ-SourceConverter三電平交-直-交阻抗源變流器

Three-LeverAC-軟開關(guān)變流器

(soft-switchpowerconverter)

軟開關(guān)條件：一方面是重復(fù)地使器件上的電壓為零、或強迫流過器件的電流為零，并隨即保持一個足夠長的時間以完成換流；另一方面，器件必須在零電壓或零電流期間，盡快完成換流過程。

(Soft-switchconditions:oneside,repeatedlybringingdevicevoltagetozero、orforcingcurrentthroughdevicetobezero,andholdingenoughtimetofinishcurrentconvert;ontheotherhand,devicemustfinishcurrentconvertduringthecourseofzerovoltageorzerocurrent。)目前有兩類電路可以滿足前一方面的要求：諧振直流環(huán)節(jié)和諧振吸收回路。

(Nowtherearetwotypesofcircuitwhichcansatisfytheformerrequest:resonantDC-Linkandresonanceabsorptioncircuit。)軟開關(guān)變流器

(soft-switchpowerconv準(zhǔn)諧振電路

（QRDCLcircuit）準(zhǔn)諧振電路

（QRDCLcircuit）諧振吸收電路

（resonanceabsorptioncircuit）諧振吸收電路

（resonanceabsorption4.2新控制策略

No