Renaissance(文藝復興)課件

Renaissance(文藝復興)課件a.“Renaissance”―aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”,“revival”，蘇醒；復活；復興。b.Itisfirstusedtoindicatearevivalofclassical(GreekandRome)artsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism（中世紀蒙昧主義）

.c.NowitisusedtoindicatetheintellectualandliterarymovementoverEuropefromthe14thtotheearly17thcentury.d.AgreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.e.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.a.“Renaissance”―aFrenchworCONTENTSRenaissance

in

ItalyTheNorthernRenaissanceCONTENTSRenaissance

in

ItalyThDeclineoftheItalianRenaissance

HistoricalBackground

TheRiseofHumanismNewLiterature&RenaissanceArtRenaissance

in

ItalyDeclineoftheItalianRenaissHistoricalBackground

HistoricalBackgroundIncreasedTradeSiegeofConstantinopleIncreasedTradeSiegeofConstaBlackDeathBlackDeathAt

the

height

of

the

Renaissance

there

were

five

major

city-states

in

Italy:

the

combined

state

of

Naples

and

Sicily,

the

Papal

State,

Florence,

Milan,

and

Venice.

City-statesAt

the

height

of

the

RenaissanRenaissance(文藝復興)課件FlorenceFlorenceMediciFamily

VerrocchioLorenzodeMediciMediciFamilyVerrocchioLorenVeniceVeniceGenoaGenoaTheriseofhumanismTheassertionofthegreatnessofmanEmergenceofuniversities,librariesandacademiesAdmirationforthebeautyofhumanbodyEarlyhumanistsTheriseofhumanismTheassertHumanismThestudyandpropagation增殖，繁殖,廣傳，傳播

ofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofhumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical基督教會的；教士的

knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationofmanfromthetyranny暴政，專制

ofthechurchandreligiousdogmas教條

.

HumanismThestudyandpropagatGiovanniBoccaccioThreefountainsoftheRenaissanceNewliteratureFrancescoPetrarcaDurantedegliAlighieriGiovanniBoccaccioThreefountGiovanniBoccaccio

AnauthorandpoetAfriend,student,andcorrespondentofPetrarch

AnimportantRenaissancehumanistWorks:Decameron(十日談)

OnFamousWomen

GiovanniBoccaccioAnauthorDecameronName:

alsocalledPrinceGalehaut

Type:

14th-centurymedievalallegory（寓言）

Contents:

aframestoryencompassing100talesbytenyoungpeople.Literaryinfluence:

thecompellingwayinwhichthetaleswerewrittenandtheiralmostexclusivelyRenaissanceflair（洞察力）madethestoriesfromtheDecameronanirresistiblesourcethatmanylaterwritersborrowedfrom.DecameronName:alsocalledPrFranciscoPetrarch(1304-1374）isapoet,humanistduringtheRenaissanceinItaly.Heistheearliestclassicalworksofscholarsandimportanceofthestudy.Besides,hefindapeople-centricviewoftheworldwithoutgod.FatherofHumanism

FranciscoPetrarchFranciscoPetrarch(1304-1374）iCanzoniere

（歌集）

Thecentraltheme:theloveforLauraInfluence:

In1380,Chaucer（喬叟）adoptedpartoftheCanzonieretoformthreestanzasofrhymeroyalinTroilusandCriseyde（特洛伊羅斯與克麗西達）.Otherthemes:

religion,poetry,politics,time,gloryCanzoniere（歌集）ThecentralLauraOnApril6,1327,GoodFriday,afterPetrarchgaveuphisvocationasapriest,thesightofawomancalled"Laura"inthechurchandawokeinhimalastingpassion.Sheislovelytolookat,fair-haired,withamodest,dignifiedbearing.Sherefusedhimfortheveryproperreasonthatshewasalreadymarriedtoanotherman.LauraOnApril6,1327,GoodFrTheEyesThatDrewfromMe

Theeyesthatdrewfrommesuchferventpraise

那眼睛吸引我發(fā)出熱情的贊美，

Thearmsandhandsandfeatandcountenance

還有柔臂、纖手、鮮活的面龐，

Whichmademeastrangerinmyownromance

浪漫的激情曾使我完全變了樣，

Andsetmeapartfromthewell-troddenways;

遠離了人群的喧鬧，獨自沉醉；

Thegleaminggoldencurlyhair,therays

閃閃發(fā)光的金色卷發(fā)在飄飛，

Flashingfromasmilingangel'sglance

那是微笑的天使灑下的目光，

Whichmovedtheworldinparadisaldance,

世界舞蹈著，歡快地進入天堂，

Aregrainsofdust,insensibilities.

而今一切都冷卻了，化為塵灰。

TheEyesThatDrewfromMeTheDurantedegliAlighieriDurante

degli

Alighieri

(1265-1321),

commonly

known

as

Dante,

was

a

major

Italian

poet

of

the

Middle

Ages.

HisDivineComedy,originallycalledCommediaandlatercalledDivinabyBoccaccio,isconsideredthegreatestliteraryworkcomposedintheItalianlanguageandamasterpieceofworldliterature.DurantedegliAlighieriDuranteTheDivineComedyiscomposedof14,233linesthataredividedintothreecanticas(Ital.pl.cantiche)—Inferno(Hell),Purgatorio(Purgatory),andParadiso(Paradise)—eachconsistingof33cantos(Ital.pl.canti).TheDivineComedyiscomposedThepoemtellsofDante'sjourneythroughthethreerealms(領(lǐng)域)ofthedead,lastingfromthenightbeforeGoodFridaytotheWednesdayafterEasterinthespringof1300.TheRomanpoetVirgilguideshimthroughHellandPurgatory;Beatrice,Dante'sidealwoman,guideshimthroughHeaven.ThepoemtellsofDante'sjourInfernoAllegorically(比喻地),theInfernorepresentstheChristiansoulseeingsinforwhatitreallyis,andthethreebeastsrepresentthreetypesofsin:theself-indulgent(自我放縱的),theviolent,andthemalicious(惡毒的).ThesethreetypesofsinalsoprovidethethreemaindivisionsofDante'sHell:UpperHell(thefirst5Circles)fortheself-indulgentsins;Circles6and7fortheviolentsins;andCircles8and9forthemalicioussins.InfernoAllegorically(比喻地),thePurgatoryAllegorically,thePurgatoriorepresentstheChristianlife.Christiansoulsarriveescorted(護送)byanangel,singinginexituIsraeldeAegypto.InhisLettertoCangrande,DanteexplainsthatthisreferencetoIsraelleavingEgyptrefersbothtotheredemption(贖罪)ofChristandto“theconversionofthesoulfromthesorrow（懊悔）andmiseryofsintothestateofgrace."Appropriately,therefore,itisEasterSundaywhenDanteandVirgilarrive.PurgatoryAllegorically,thePuParadiseAfteraninitialascension（上升）,BeatriceguidesDantethroughtheninecelestial（天上的）spheresofHeaven.Theseareconcentricandspherical,asinAristotelianandPtolemaiccosmology.WhilethestructuresoftheInfernoandPurgatoriowerebasedondifferentclassificationsofsin,thestructureoftheParadisoisbasedonthefourcardinalvirtuesandthethreetheologicalvirtues.ParadiseAfteraninitialascenDantemeetsandconverseswithseveralgreatsaints（圣人）oftheChurch,includingThomasAquinas,StBonaventure,StPeter,andStJohn.TheParadisoisconsequentlymoretheologicalinnaturethantheInfernoandthePurgatorio.However,Danteadmitsthevisionofheavenhereceivesistheonethathishumaneyespermithimtosee,andthevisionofheavenfoundintheCantos（詩章）isDante'sownpersonalone.DantemeetsandconverseswithTheDivineComedyfinisheswithDanteseeingtheTriuneGod（三位一體的上帝）.Inaflashofunderstanding,whichhecannotexpress,DantefinallyunderstandsthemysteryofChrist'sdivinityandhumanity,andhissoulbecomesalignedwithGod'slove.TheDivineComedyfinisheswit

RenaissanceArt

GiottoFilippoBrunelleschi

DonatelloGiorgioneLeonardodaVinci

MichelangeloRaphael

RenaissanceArt

GiottoFilippoGiotto

AnItalianpainterandarchitectfromFlorenceinthelateMiddleAges.

ThefirstinalineofgreatartistswhocontributedtotheItalianRenaissance.Works:

FlightintoEgypt

BetrayalofJudas

TheMourningofChrist

GiottoAnItalianpainteranFlightintoEgyptBetrayalofJudasFlightintoEgyptBetrayalofJTheMourningofChristTheMourningofChristFilippoBrunelleschi

OneoftheforemostarchitectsandengineersStudiesoflinearperspective（直線透視法）Works:FlorenceCathedraldomeFilippoBrunelleschiOneofthDonatelloAnartistandsculptorfromFlorencePerspectivalillusionism（錯覺藝術(shù)的手法）Workinbas-relief（淺浮雕）—aformofshallowreliefsculptureWorks:David;TheGattamelataEquestrianStatueDonatelloAnartistandsculptDavidTheGattamelataEquestrianStatueDavidTheGattamelataEquestriGiorgioneVenetianpainterElusive（難懂的）poeticqualityofhisworkOneofthemostmysteriousfiguresinEuropeanpainting

Works:TheTempest

SleepingVenus

GiorgioneVenetianpainterTheTempest

SleepingVenusTheTempestSleepingVenusLeonardodaVinci

AnItalianRenaissancepolymath:painter,sculptor,architect,musician,scientist,mathematician,engineer,inventor,anatomist,geologist,cartographer,botanist,andwriter.Works:LastSupper;MonaLisaPerhapsthemostdiverselytalentedpersonevertohavelived.ArchetypeoftheRenaissanceMan.LeonardodaVinciAnItaliRenaissance(文藝復興)課件

Michelangelo

Ansculptor,painter,architect,poet,andengineer.Thegreatestlivingartistinhislifetime,oneofthegreatestartistsofalltimeAcontender(競爭者)forthetitleofthearchetypal（典型）Renaissanceman,alongwithfellowItalianLeonardodaVinci.

MichelangeloAnsculptor,paiDavidDavidCeilingofSistineSistineChapel西斯廷教堂:theprivatechurchintheVaticanforPope,famousforthemagnificentdesignsandfrescoesmadebyMichelangeloduringtheRenaissance.CeilingofSistineSistineChapMosesPietaMosesPietaRaphaelAnunusuallylargeworkshopAnpainterandarchitectClarityofformandeaseofcompositionOneofthetraditionaltrinityofgreatmastersofthatperiodWorks:SchoolofAthens;SistineMadonnaRaphaelAnunusuallylargeworkRenaissance(文藝復興)課件MadonnaoftheMeadow,a“pastoral”work,whichmeansithastodowiththevillageorcountrylife.MadonnaoftheMeadow,a“pastSchoolofAthensSchoolofAthensCONTENTSTheNorthernRenaissanceRenaissanceideassoonspreadbeyondItalytonorthernEuropebymeansoftrade,travel,andprintedmaterial,influencingtheartandideasofthenorth.CONTENTSTheNorthernRenaissanAscitiesgrew,vasttradingnetworkspreadacrossnorthernEuropeNetworkdominatedbyHanseaticLeague（漢薩同盟）,merchantorganization,1200sto1400sAscitiesgrew,vasttradingnNorthernEuropeanstradedideas,goods;spreadItalianRenaissancenorthFleeingviolence,Italianartistsbroughthumanistideas,paintingtechniquesnorthNorthernscholarstraveledtoItaly,broughtideashomeUniversitiesstartedinFrance,Netherlands,GermanyNorthernEuropeanstradedideaPrintingPressMid-1400s,JohannesGutenbergcastlettersofalphabetonmetalplates,lockedmetalplatesonwoodenpress;perfectedmovabletypeprintingResult,oneofmostdramaticupheavals（劇變）worldhaseverknownABookRevolutionPrintingPressABookRevolutioPrintedWordAvailabletoMoreBeforeonlywaytoreproducewritingwasbyhand;long,painstaking（費力的）processWithmovabletype,textquicklyprinted;producingbooksfaster,cheaperEasieraccesstobookspromptedmorepeopletolearntoreadPrintedWordAvailabletoMoreCombinedChristianideas,humanismWroteofpure,simpleChristianlife,educatingchildrenFannedflamesofdiscontentRomanCatholicChurchcensored,condemnedworksDesideriusErasmusCombinedChristianideas,humaItalian-bornwriterfocusedonroleofwomeninsocietyGrewupinFrenchcourtofCharlesV;turnedtowritingwhenwidowed（成寡婦）Championedequality,

educationforwomenChristinedePisan（克里斯蒂娜·德·皮桑）Italian-bornwriterfocusedonFran?oisRabelais

（拉伯雷）wasamajorFrenchRenaissancewriter,doctorandRenaissancehumanistandwasamonkandGreekscholar.Hehashistoricallybeenregardedasawriteroffantasy,satire,thegrotesque(丑陋的),andbawdyjokesandsongs.HewroteGargantuaandPantagruel《巨人傳》.Fran?oisRabelais（拉伯雷）wasamHeisknownasthemostinfluentialmanontheSpanishlanguage.HisbestknowworkisDonQuixote,astoryabouttheheroDonQuixoteandhiscompanionSanchoPanza.Cervantes（塞萬提斯）HeisknownasthemostinflueThomasMoreSirThomasMore(1478

–1535)wasanEnglishlawyer,socialphilosopher,author,statesmanandnotedRenaissancehumanist.HewasanimportantcouncilortoHenryVIIIofEnglandandwasanopponentoftheProtestantReformationandinparticularofMartinLuther.Morecoinedtheword“utopia”(烏托邦)–anamehegavetotheideal,imaginaryislandnationwhosepoliticalsystemhedescribedinUtopia,publishedin1516.ThomasMoreSirThomasMore(14ShakespeareShakespeare(1564–1616)wasaplaywrightthatlivedthroughtheElizabethanperiodofEngland.Hisplaysareknownforbeingfullofarchetypes(原型)andcleverlydepictingthe“humancondition.”ShakespeareShakespeare(1564–★1564,BorninStratford-on-Avon，thesonofgroceriesbusinessmaninthetown,18married;★LeavinghomeforLondontomakelivingatabout22,doingasthegroom,actorandplaywright;★Startingwritingplaysatabout30yearsold;★5yearslater,becoming"universal"shareholderoftroupe;★1610,retiredtoStratford;★1616,died.Shakespeare'slife(1564-1616)★1564,BorninStratford-on-AvShakespeare'swriting1)154sonnets（十四行詩）,twolongnarrativepoems2)HistoriesRepresentativeworks:HenryIVRichardIIIShakespeare'swriting1)154so3)ComedyThemerchantofVenicemidsummernight'sdreamhappytwelfthnightShakespeare'swriting3)ComedyThemerchantofVenic4)TragedyHamletOthelloMacbethKingLearShakespeare'swriting4)TragedyHamletShakespeare's5）Tragicomedy(straightpart)RomeoandJuliet

Shakespeare'swriting5）Tragicomedy(straightpart)RTips:1.Tobeornottobe，that‘saquestion.

生存還是毀滅，這是一個值得考慮的問題2.Betterawittyfoolthanafoolishwit.

寧為聰明的愚夫，不作愚蠢的才子。3.

Cowardsbeforedeath,ingoodtimesalreadydead,Thevaliantonlyonceineverything,diedinpeople'safraidtodieisamoststrangethings.懦夫在未死以前，就已經(jīng)死了好多次；勇士一生只死一次，在一切怪事中，人們的貪生怕死就是一件最奇怪的事情。

Tips:1.Tobeornottobe，thaShallICompareTheetoaSummer’sDay?

(我想將你比作迷人的夏日)

ShallIcomparethee(you)toasummer’sday?

我想將你比作迷人的夏日，

Thou(you)art(are)morelovelyandmoretemperate;

但汝卻更顯可愛和溫存；

RoughwindsdoshakethedarlingbudsofMay,

狂野之風摧殘著五月蓓蕾的柔媚，

Andsummer’slease(夏日的租約)hathalltooshortadate;

也一天天消逝著夏日的歸期；

Sometimestoohottheeyeofheaven（指太陽）shine

蒼天的明眸偶然瀉出璀璨，

Andoftenishisgoldcomplexiondimmed;

卻難以輝映他暗淡的容顏；

Andeveryfair（美好的人或物）fromfair（美好的狀態(tài)）sometimesdeclines,

一切明媚的色彩漸已消褪，ShallICompareTheetoaSummShakespeare'sliterarypositionInwesternliteraryhistory,onlyveryindividualwritershavequalifiedsay:withouthim,theliteraturewillbecomeanotherway.Shakespeareisoneofthemostqualified.Shakespeareisthehistoryofthegreatestplaywrightandpoet,isoneoftheworld'sfourotherwriters.BenjonsonsaidShakespeareistimespirit,anddonotbelongtothecenturyandbelongstoall.Shakespeare'sliterarypositioTheEndThankYouTheEndThankYouRenaissance(文藝復興)課件a.“Renaissance”―aFrenchword,meaning“rebirth”,“revival”，蘇醒；復活；復興。b.Itisfirstusedtoindicatearevivalofclassical(GreekandRome)artsandscienceafterthedarkagesofmedievalobscurantism（中世紀蒙昧主義）

.c.NowitisusedtoindicatetheintellectualandliterarymovementoverEuropefromthe14thtotheearly17thcentury.d.AgreatnumberoftheworksofclassicalauthorsweretranslatedintoEnglishduringthe16thcentury.e.HumanismistheessenceoftheRenaissance.a.“Renaissance”―aFrenchworCONTENTSRenaissance

in

ItalyTheNorthernRenaissanceCONTENTSRenaissance

in

ItalyThDeclineoftheItalianRenaissance

HistoricalBackground

TheRiseofHumanismNewLiterature&RenaissanceArtRenaissance

in

ItalyDeclineoftheItalianRenaissHistoricalBackground

HistoricalBackgroundIncreasedTradeSiegeofConstantinopleIncreasedTradeSiegeofConstaBlackDeathBlackDeathAt

the

height

of

the

Renaissance

there

were

five

major

city-states

in

Italy:

the

combined

state

of

Naples

and

Sicily,

the

Papal

State,

Florence,

Milan,

and

Venice.

City-statesAt

the

height

of

the

RenaissanRenaissance(文藝復興)課件FlorenceFlorenceMediciFamily

VerrocchioLorenzodeMediciMediciFamilyVerrocchioLorenVeniceVeniceGenoaGenoaTheriseofhumanismTheassertionofthegreatnessofmanEmergenceofuniversities,librariesandacademiesAdmirationforthebeautyofhumanbodyEarlyhumanistsTheriseofhumanismTheassertHumanismThestudyandpropagation增殖，繁殖,廣傳，傳播

ofclassicallearningandartwascarriedonbytheprogressivethinkersofhumanists.Theyheldtheirchiefinterestnotinecclesiastical基督教會的；教士的

knowledge,butinman,hisenvironmentanddoingsandbravelyfoughtfortheemancipationofmanfromthetyranny暴政，專制

ofthechurchandreligiousdogmas教條

.

HumanismThestudyandpropagatGiovanniBoccaccioThreefountainsoftheRenaissanceNewliteratureFrancescoPetrarcaDurantedegliAlighieriGiovanniBoccaccioThreefountGiovanniBoccaccio

AnauthorandpoetAfriend,student,andcorrespondentofPetrarch

AnimportantRenaissancehumanistWorks:Decameron(十日談)

OnFamousWomen

GiovanniBoccaccioAnauthorDecameronName:

alsocalledPrinceGalehaut

Type:

14th-centurymedievalallegory（寓言）

Contents:

aframestoryencompassing100talesbytenyoungpeople.Literaryinfluence:

thecompellingwayinwhichthetaleswerewrittenandtheiralmostexclusivelyRenaissanceflair（洞察力）madethestoriesfromtheDecameronanirresistiblesourcethatmanylaterwritersborrowedfrom.DecameronName:alsocalledPrFranciscoPetrarch(1304-1374）isapoet,humanistduringtheRenaissanceinItaly.Heistheearliestclassicalworksofscholarsandimportanceofthestudy.Besides,hefindapeople-centricviewoftheworldwithoutgod.FatherofHumanism

FranciscoPetrarchFranciscoPetrarch(1304-1374）iCanzoniere

（歌集）

Thecentraltheme:theloveforLauraInfluence:

In1380,Chaucer（喬叟）adoptedpartoftheCanzonieretoformthreestanzasofrhymeroyalinTroilusandCriseyde（特洛伊羅斯與克麗西達）.Otherthemes:

religion,poetry,politics,time,gloryCanzoniere（歌集）ThecentralLauraOnApril6,1327,GoodFriday,afterPetrarchgaveuphisvocationasapriest,thesightofawomancalled"Laura"inthechurchandawokeinhimalastingpassion.Sheislovelytolookat,fair-haired,withamodest,dignifiedbearing.Sherefusedhimfortheveryproperreasonthatshewasalreadymarriedtoanotherman.LauraOnApril6,1327,GoodFrTheEyesThatDrewfromMe

Theeyesthatdrewfrommesuchferventpraise

那眼睛吸引我發(fā)出熱情的贊美，

Thearmsandhandsandfeatandcountenance

還有柔臂、纖手、鮮活的面龐，

Whichmademeastrangerinmyownromance

浪漫的激情曾使我完全變了樣，

Andsetmeapartfromthewell-troddenways;

遠離了人群的喧鬧，獨自沉醉；

Thegleaminggoldencurlyhair,therays

閃閃發(fā)光的金色卷發(fā)在飄飛，

Flashingfromasmilingangel'sglance

那是微笑的天使灑下的目光，

Whichmovedtheworldinparadisaldance,

世界舞蹈著，歡快地進入天堂，

Aregrainsofdust,insensibilities.

而今一切都冷卻了，化為塵灰。

TheEyesThatDrewfromMeTheDurantedegliAlighieriDurante

degli

Alighieri

(1265-1321),

commonly

known

as

Dante,

was

a

major

Italian

poet

of

the

Middle

Ages.

HisDivineComedy,originallycalledCommediaandlatercalledDivinabyBoccaccio,isconsideredthegreatestliteraryworkcomposedintheItalianlanguageandamasterpieceofworldliterature.DurantedegliAlighieriDuranteTheDivineComedyiscomposedof14,233linesthataredividedintothreecanticas(Ital.pl.cantiche)—Inferno(Hell),Purgatorio(Purgatory),andParadiso(Paradise)—eachconsistingof33cantos(Ital.pl.canti).TheDivineComedyiscomposedThepoemtellsofDante'sjourneythroughthethreerealms(領(lǐng)域)ofthedead,lastingfromthenightbeforeGoodFridaytotheWednesdayafterEasterinthespringof1300.TheRomanpoetVirgilguideshimthroughHellandPurgatory;Beatrice,Dante'sidealwoman,guideshimthroughHeaven.ThepoemtellsofDante'sjourInfernoAllegorically(比喻地),theInfernorepresentstheChristiansoulseeingsinforwhatitreallyis,andthethreebeastsrepresentthreetypesofsin:theself-indulgent(自我放縱的),theviolent,andthemalicious(惡毒的).ThesethreetypesofsinalsoprovidethethreemaindivisionsofDante'sHell:UpperHell(thefirst5Circles)fortheself-indulgentsins;Circles6and7fortheviolentsins;andCircles8and9forthemalicioussins.InfernoAllegorically(比喻地),thePurgatoryAllegorically,thePurgatoriorepresentstheChristianlife.Christiansoulsarriveescorted(護送)byanangel,singinginexituIsraeldeAegypto.InhisLettertoCangrande,DanteexplainsthatthisreferencetoIsraelleavingEgyptrefersbothtotheredemption(贖罪)ofChristandto“theconversionofthesoulfromthesorrow（懊悔）andmiseryofsintothestateofgrace."Appropriately,therefore,itisEasterSundaywhenDanteandVirgilarrive.PurgatoryAllegorically,thePuParadiseAfteraninitialascension（上升）,BeatriceguidesDantethroughtheninecelestial（天上的）spheresofHeaven.Theseareconcentricandspherical,asinAristotelianandPtolemaiccosmology.WhilethestructuresoftheInfernoandPurgatoriowerebasedondifferentclassificationsofsin,thestructureoftheParadisoisbasedonthefourcardinalvirtuesandthethreetheologicalvirtues.ParadiseAfteraninitialascenDantemeetsandconverseswithseveralgreatsaints（圣人）oftheChurch,includingThomasAquinas,StBonaventure,StPeter,andStJohn.TheParadisoisconsequentlymoretheologicalinnaturethantheInfernoandthePurgatorio.However,Danteadmitsthevisionofheavenhereceivesistheonethathishumaneyespermithimtosee,andthevisionofheavenfoundintheCantos（詩章）isDante'sownpersonalone.DantemeetsandconverseswithTheDivineComedyfinisheswithDanteseeingtheTriuneGod（三位一體的上帝）.Inaflashofunderstanding,whichhecannotexpress,DantefinallyunderstandsthemysteryofChrist'sdivinityandhumanity,andhissoulbecomesalignedwithGod'slove.TheDivineComedyfinisheswit

RenaissanceArt

GiottoFilippoBrunelleschi

DonatelloGiorgioneLeonardodaVinci

MichelangeloRaphael

RenaissanceArt

GiottoFilippoGiotto

AnItalianpainterandarchitectfromFlorenceinthelateMiddleAges.

ThefirstinalineofgreatartistswhocontributedtotheItalianRenaissance.Works:

FlightintoEgypt

BetrayalofJudas

TheMourningofChrist

GiottoAnItalianpainteranFlightintoEgyptBetrayalofJudasFlightintoEgyptBetrayalofJTheMourningofChristTheMourningofChristFilippoBrunelleschi

OneoftheforemostarchitectsandengineersStudiesoflinearperspective（直線透視法）Works:FlorenceCathedraldomeFilippoBrunelleschiOneofthDonatelloAnartistandsculptorfromFlorencePerspectivalillusionism（錯覺藝術(shù)的手法）Workinbas-relief（淺浮雕）—aformofshallowreliefsculptureWorks:David;TheGattamelataEquestrianStatueDonatelloAnartistandsculptDavidTheGattamelataEquestrianStatueDavidTheGattamelataEquestriGiorgioneVenetianpainterElusive（難懂的）poeticqualityofhisworkOneofthemostmysteriousfiguresinEuropeanpainting

Works:TheTempest

SleepingVenus

GiorgioneVenetianpainterTheTempest

SleepingVenusTheTempestSleepingVenusLeonardodaVinci

AnItalianRenaissancepolymath:painter,sculptor,architect,musician,scientist,mathematician,engineer,inventor,anatomist,geologist,cartographer,botanist,andwriter.Works:LastSupper;MonaLisaPerhapsthemostdiverselytalentedpersonevertohavelived.ArchetypeoftheRenaissanceMan.LeonardodaVinciAnItaliRenaissance(文藝復興)課件

Michelangelo

Ansculptor,painter,architect,poet,andengineer.Thegreatestlivingartistinhislifetime,oneofthegreatestartistsofalltimeAcontender(競爭者)forthetitleofthearchetypal（典型）Renaissanceman,alongwithfellowItalianLeonardodaVinci.

MichelangeloAnsculptor,paiDavidDavidCeilingofSistineSistineChapel西斯廷教堂:theprivatechurchintheVaticanforPope,famousforthemagnificentdesignsandfrescoesmadebyMichelangeloduringtheRenaissance.CeilingofSistineSistineChapMosesPietaMosesPietaRaphaelAnunusuallylargeworkshopAnpainterandarchitectClarityofformandeaseofcompositionOneofthetraditionaltrinityofgreatmastersofthatperiodWorks:SchoolofAthens;SistineMadonnaRaphaelAnunusuallylargeworkRenaissance(文藝復興)課件MadonnaoftheMeadow,a“pastoral”work,whichmeansithastodowiththevillageorcountrylife.MadonnaoftheMeadow,a“pastSchoolofAthensSchoolofAthensCONTENTSTheNorthernRenaissanceRenaissanceideassoonspreadbeyondItalytonorthernEuropebymeansoftrade,travel,andprintedmaterial,influencingtheartandideasofthenorth.CONTENTSTheNorthernRenaissanAscitiesgrew,vasttradingnetworkspreadacrossnorthernEuropeNetworkdominatedbyHanseaticLeague（漢薩同盟）,merchantorganization,1200sto1400sAscitiesgrew,vasttradingnNorthernEuropeanstradedideas,goods;spreadItalianRenaissancenorthFleeingviolence,Italianartistsbroughthumanistideas,paintingtechniquesnorthNorthernscholarstraveledtoItaly,broughtideashomeUniversitiesstartedinFrance,Netherlands,GermanyNorthernEuropeanstradedideaPrintingPressMid-1400s,JohannesGutenbergcastlettersofalphabetonmetalplates,lockedmetalplatesonwoodenpress;perfectedmovabletypeprintingResult,oneofmostdramaticupheavals（劇變）worldhaseverknownABookRevolutionPrintingPressABookRevolutioPrintedWordAvailabletoMoreBeforeonlywaytoreproducewritingwasbyhand;long,painstaking（費力的）processWithmovabletype,textquicklyprinted;producingbooksfaster,cheaperEasieraccesstobookspromptedmorepeopletolearntoreadPrintedWordAvailabletoMoreCombinedChristianideas,humanismWroteofpure,simpleChristian