work和career的區(qū)別英語(yǔ)課件

Unit4WorkandCareer1hUnit4WorkandCareer1hHowmanyoccupationscanyouname?-ist(e.g.artist)-er(e.g.worker)-man(e.g.policeman)-or/-ess(e.g.actor/actress)-ian(e.g.musician)Other(e.gnurse)2hHowmanyoccupationscanyounFivequestions:whatismyoccupation?--gameDoyouworkintransport/education/business/law/tourism/entertainment/trades/agriculture/commerce?Isyourjobablue-collar/white-collarjob?Doyouworkindoors/outdoors/both?Doyouworkonlyinthedaytime/alsoatnight?Isyourworkindividual/donewithotherpeople?Doyouuseanymachinery?Doyoustayinoneplace/traveltootherplacesinyourjob?3hFivequestions:whatismyoccChoosingacareer—discussion:Whatkindofjobdoyouthinkwillbesuitableforyou?Whatfactorswillyouconsiderwhenyouchooseajob?4hChoosingacareer—discussion:WDirections:Whenselectingacareeroroccupation,youhavetoconsidermanyfactors.Nowworkinpairsorgroupstoputthefollowingfactorsinsequencefromthemostimportanttotheleast,andtrytojustifyyourselfbyprovidingconvincingarguments.

workplacevaluessalaryparentalinfluenceinterestsabilitiesThemostimportant------------------------Theleastimportant5hDirections:Whenselectingacidealjobrealitycompromise6hidealjobrealitycompromise6hRole-play:Supposeyouareaconsultantinacareerplanningcompany.Acustomercomestoyouforadvices.Everygroupwillactbothroles.Asaconsultant,askyourcustomeraboutthebasicinformation,thenworkoutaplanforhim/her.Asacustomer,youwillbeallottedarolecardwithinformationonit.Tellyourconsultantyourcurrentsituationandhopestothefuture.7hRole-play:SupposeyouareaCase1:ZhangJing,34aresearchworkerinBeijing;wifeanddaughter(5-year-old)inhometown,Shenyang;nohouseinBeijing.8hCase1:ZhangJing,348hCase2:LiZhiping,32Teacherinpoorvillageschool;primitiveconditions;lowpay;poorattendancerate(上學(xué)率);promiseforimprovementuncertain9hCase2:LiZhiping,329hCase3:XueLi,27ActressinfilmstudioHaveactedin7minorrolesHavehadnochancetoshowtalentNotmarryingtillcareersucceeds10hCase3:XueLi,2710hCase4:HuangChunlin,22UniverstiystudentMajorincomputerscienceWillgraduatethisyearConcernedaboutparentsinthecountry,bothill11hCase4:HuangChunlin,2211hCase5:XueJie,20Reserve(后備)footballplayeronnationalteamfor2yearsTeamnotdoingwellininternationalmatchesCoachseemsnogood12hCase5:XueJie,2012hCase6:ZhangRong,36Officeworker,boredwithworkLovetravellingandtakingphotoesofsceneryParticipatedin5photocontestsHavenotwonanyawardyet13hCase6:ZhangRong,3613hCase7:DengCong,33GotPhDinUSandcamebacktoworkinChinalastmonthWantowncarandhouseFindworkefficiencylowandcolleaguerelationshipscomplicatedinworkunit14hCase7:DengCong,3314hTextAWork,Labor,andplay15hTextAWork,Labor,andplay15hpartsParas.Mainideas11-3Theauthorexplainshisunderstandingofwork,labor,andplay.24Intheauthor’seyes,themajorityofpeopleinamoderntechnologicalsocietyarelabourersratherthanworkers.35Theauthorstressesthetwonegativeaspectsoftechnologyandthedivisionoflabor.16hpartsParas.MainideasTheauthoWorkLaborPlay1231212Whetherajobcanbeclassifiedasworkdependsonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Workhasnothingtodowiththedivisionbetweenamanualandamentaljob.

Whetheraman’sjobcanbeviewedasworkdependsonhisattitudetowardleisure.Ajobcanbeclassifiedaslaborifapersonhasnointerestinit.Oneiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.

Playisaprivateactivitythatoneenjoysdoingasapastime.Whetheroneplaysornotisamatteroftheleastconcerntosociety.Directions:Summarizetheauthor’sexplanationofhisunderstandingof“work”,“l(fā)abor”and“play”.17hWorkLaborPlay1231212WhetherTobehappy,amanmustfeel,firstly,freeand,secondly,important.1.Howcanonefeelfreeandimportantinhiswork?Onecanfeelfreeifheenjoyswhatheisdoingandonecanfeelimportantifwhatheisdoingisvaluedbysociety.Para.118hTobehappy,amanmustfeel,1.Whydoestheauthorcallalaborerawageslave?Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,whetherwhatamandoeshassocialvaluedependsonwhetherheispaidmoneytodoit,butalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.DetailedReading_Inasociety…Theauthorcallsalaborerawageslavebecausealaborer’ssocialvaluedependsonthemoneyheispaid.Toalaborer,thejobthatsocietyoffershimisofnointeresttohim.Heiscompelledtotakeitbecausehehastoearnalivingandsupporthisfamily.2.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?Justlikeslavesinthepast,laborersarecompelledtodojobsthattheydon’treallyenjoy.Asaresult,theonlydifferencebetweenalaborerandaslaveisthatoneispaidwhiletheotherisnot.Para.119h1.Whydoestheauthorcalla1.Whatdoes“voluntaryplay”refertointhiscontext?whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylabourisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.DetailedReading_Amanisaworker

…Para.3“Voluntaryplay”inthecontextmeansthejoboneenjoysdoing.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.從社會(huì)角度看是必需的勞動(dòng)，在他自己看來(lái)卻是自愿的玩耍。20h1.Whatdoes“voluntaryplay”Accordingtotheauthor,whencanwedefineagardeneroracobblerasaworker,whileabankclerkalaborer?Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,coincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob;agardeneroracobblermaybeaworker,abankclerkalaborer.DetailedReading_Thedifferencedoes…Para.3Accordingtotheauthor,whetheroneisaworkeroralaborerdoesnotdependonthekindofjobheorshedoesbutonwhetherheorshereallyenjoysdoingthejob.Therefore,agardeneroracobblermaybeaworkerifheisinterestedinhisjob,whileabankclerkisalaborerifheisboredwithhisjob.21hAccordingtotheauthor,wheninthestrictsense:

inthemostlimitedmeaningInthestrictsense,itisnotapieceofclassicalmusic.Inthestrictsense,thehelp-the-poorprogramwasputforwardonalargescaleonlyaftertheinitiationofthereformandopening-up.Collocations:inasense

在某種意義上intheliteralsense就字面而言inthefullsense

就全面的角度而言inthebroadsense從廣義的角度而言22hinthestrictsense:Inthestabolish:vt.bringtoanendbylaw;stopSlaverywasabolishedinEnglandinthe19thcentury.Moderneducatorshaveforthemostpartabolishedcorporalpunishment.我們應(yīng)該廢止種族隔離一事愈來(lái)愈受到重視。Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatweshouldabolishsegregation.23habolish:vt.Slaverywasabo這些動(dòng)詞均含“取消、廢除”之意正式用詞，指徹底廢除某種制度、規(guī)章或習(xí)俗。

用法廣泛，多指取消債務(wù)、合同、證書(shū)、比賽、旅行、計(jì)劃或約會(huì)等。

書(shū)面用詞，指撤銷立法機(jī)關(guān)通過(guò)的協(xié)議、法案或法律等。如：CF:abolish,cancel&repealabolishcancelrepealInmyopinion,suchcorruptpracticesshouldbeabolished.依我看，這些陋習(xí)應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除。Ifitrains,letourengagementbecancelled.如果下雨，就取消我們的約會(huì)吧。Thelegislationwasrepealedfivemonthslater.24h這些動(dòng)詞均含“取消、廢除”之意CF:abolish,caclassify:vt.

arrangeinclassesorgroupsWhalesareclassifiedasmammals,notfish.人們將油膩的薯?xiàng)l、洋芋片以及漢堡歸類為垃圾食物。PeopleclassifygreasyFrenchfries,potatochipsandhamburgersasjunkfood.Weusuallyclassifytypesofcharacterasgoodorbad.Localgovernmentisactivelytakingmeasurestocollect,classifyanddispose

garbageleftinscenicspotstopreventpollution.25hclassify:vt.Whalesarecla1.Thebooksinthelibraryarebysubjects.2.Pleaseoutthethingsyouwanttokeepandthrow

everythingelseaway.3.Hewasasatrouble-maker.4.Naturalresourcescanbeasrenewableand

nonrenewableones.DetailedReading_classify2CF:categorize,classify&sort

categorize強(qiáng)調(diào)貼標(biāo)簽于某物上并將其分類，或分列入目錄中。分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較personal和specific,可以是自己設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

classify指按照事物類型、質(zhì)量或相似點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是分類者自己設(shè)的，而是自然已形成的分類。

sort通常指根據(jù)類型或分類進(jìn)行挑選。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.classified________sort____classified________categorized__________這些動(dòng)詞均含“按一定規(guī)則加以組織、分類”之意。26h1.Thebooksinthelibraryarundertake:vt.

makeoneselfresponsiblefor;agree;promiseDuringherhusband’spresidency,JacquelineKennedyundertookthecoordinationoftheWhiteHouserestoration.量力而行。Undertakenomorethanyoucanperform.Weundertaketoreplaceanyproductnotuptothespecifications.Ihadratherundertakesomepurposefullabourthanstayidle.27hundertake:vt.Duringherhuscompulsion:n.forceorstronginfluence;strongunreasonabledesire她突然感到一種難以抗拒的沖動(dòng),想要揍他。

Everybodyactsnotonlyunderexternalcompulsion,butalsoinaccordancewithinnernecessity.對(duì)他們只能說(shuō)服，不能壓服。Persuasion,notcompulsion,istheonlywaytoconvincethem.Pattern:undercompulsionShefeltasuddencompulsiontohithim

28hcompulsion:n.她突然感到一種難以抗拒的沖動(dòng)Thedevelopmentoftechnologyandthedivisionoflaborhaveturnedalargeamountofenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.Becauseofthedevelopmentoftechnologyandthedivisionoflabor,theneedforspecialstrengthorskillinmanyfieldshasbeeneliminated.Weareveryhappytoimagineaworldinfuturewherethemajorityoftheworkforcehaveasmuchtimeforplayastheupperclassesusedtohaveinthepast.Theprospectisnotcheerfulthatinfuturethemajorityoftheworkforce—ordinarypeople—haveasmuchtimeforplayastheupperclassesusedtohaveinthepast.F()T()1.2.29hThedevelopmentoftechnologyUnlikethearistocracywhousedtorepeatthesameceremoniesincertainseasons,laborersarelikelytospendtheirleisuretimeindangerousdriving,drug-taking,andsenselessactsofviolence.

Workersseldomcommitactsofviolenceathome,becausetheydoitintheirwork.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence,becausetheyenjoywhattheyaredoing,sotheyarewillingtospendmostoftheirtimeandenergyontheirjobs.Astheyarebentontheirwork,theaggressivenessinsidethemselves,ifany,wouldnaturallyturnintothemotivationanddeterminationtodotheirjobswell.F()T()3.4.30hUnlikethearistocracywhouseeliminate:vt.remove;takeaway;getridofTofightandeliminatepovertyisamajortaskfacingtheworldtoday.Thedoctorshelpedhimtoeliminatewastematerialfromthebody.我們能消滅癌癥以減少死亡率嗎？Canweeliminatecancersoastoreducedeathrate?Eliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.去偽存真。Collocations:eliminatesexbarriers

消除男女差別eliminateerrors

消除錯(cuò)誤eliminateilliteracy

掃盲eliminatepornography

掃黃31heliminate:vt.Tofightand1.ThecaseagainstRobertJoneswasforlackof

evidence.2.SixAmericandiplomatshavealreadybeen.3.Theservantwasforbeinglazyanddishonest.4.PleaseyourbagfromtheseatsothatIcansitdown.5.Sheonceagainwentthroughhercompositioncarefullytoallspellingmistakes.remove普通用詞，不帶任何感情色彩。eliminate指例行公事的排除某物,也指有系統(tǒng)的摧毀某物.

dismiss指解雇、開(kāi)除某人或駁回某事。expel多指強(qiáng)行解除公職或驅(qū)出居住地。Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.dismissed___________eliminate_________expelled__________remove__________dismissed___________CF:remove,eliminate,dismiss&expel這些動(dòng)詞均有“開(kāi)除、驅(qū)出、去掉”之意。32h1.ThecaseagainstRobertJonrecall:vt.Thegovernmentrecalleditsambassadorwhenthewarwasdeclared.Thesightrecalledthedaysofchildhoodtoher.2)remember;recollectIdon’trecallevermeetingher.1)ordertoreturn;summonback33hrecall:vt.Thegovernmentrecremind指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。CF:remember,recall,recollect&remindIoftenrememberthepleasantholidaywehadwithyou.我時(shí)常憶起我們與你共度的愉快假日。Shelistlesslyrecalledherpassedyouth.她悵惘地回憶她已經(jīng)逝去的青春。Beastsandbabiesremember,thatis,recognize;manalonerecollects.

動(dòng)物和嬰兒能記住或者說(shuō)能辨認(rèn)東西，只有成人才能回憶起事情。ThefilmremindedhimofwhathehadseeninGermany.這部電影使他回想起在德國(guó)所看到的情況。均有“記憶、記住、回憶”之意。remember含義較廣，多指無(wú)意識(shí)地回憶起往事，也可指通過(guò)主觀努力去記憶。例如：recall比remember文雅，指自愿的對(duì)過(guò)去的回憶。recollect指在記憶中搜索，設(shè)法想起一時(shí)想不起的事情或人，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程。

34hremind指經(jīng)某人或某事的提醒而回憶起某件已遺忘之事。CFprospect:n.Fromthetopofthehillthere'sabeautifulprospectofthelake.TheprospectsoffindinggoldinCaliforniaweregoodinthe1840s.2)expectation;hopeTheprospectsforapeacefulsolutiontothecrisisarequitedim.我看他沒(méi)有什么痊愈的希望。Iseelittleprospectofhisrecovery.1)wideviewofalandscape35hprospect:n.Fromthetop

goinfor:Ididn’tgoinforthecrosswordcompetition.2)haveaninterestin,have…asahobbyIdon’tgoinforsportverymuch.Wedon'tgoinforthatsortofthinginthenewsociety.1)take,enter(anexaminationorcompetition)新社會(huì)不興這一套了。

36hgoinfor:Ididn’tgoinfoUsefulexpressions37hUsefulexpressions37h1.從嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)inthestrictsense2.謀生earnaliving3.體力勞動(dòng)manualjob4.腦力勞動(dòng)mentaljob5.與……一致，相符coincidewith6.心臟病heartattacks7.擺脫強(qiáng)制freedomfromcompulsion8.據(jù)推測(cè)ataguess38h1.從嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō)inthestrictsense210.受雇職業(yè)paidoccupations11.大眾社會(huì)masssociety12.愛(ài)好，沉迷于goinfor13.廣大民眾themasses14.吸食毒品drug-taking15.進(jìn)行暴力活動(dòng)commitactsofviolence16.埋頭做，認(rèn)真做getone’steethinto9.勞動(dòng)分工thedivisionoflabour39h10.受雇職業(yè)paidoccupations11.大眾Proverbsandquotations40hProverbsandquotations40h1.Workwillnotkillamanbutworrywill.累不死人愁死人。2.Workhasabitterrootbutsweetfruit.勞動(dòng)根雖苦，然而果實(shí)甜。3.Whatisworthdoingatallisworthdoingwell.事既值得做，就把事做好。4.Labourisoftenthefatherofpleasure.勤勞常為快樂(lè)之源。5.Workisthegrandcureforallthemaladiesandmiseriesthateverbesetmankind.—ThomasCarlyle,Britishhistorian工作是良藥，能醫(yī)治一切困擾人的疾苦?！?guó)歷史學(xué)家T.

卡萊爾41h1.Workwillnotkillamanbu6.Workbanishesthosethreegreatevils:boredom,viceandpoverty.—Voltaire,FrenchPhilosopher工作攆跑三個(gè)魔鬼：無(wú)聊、墮落和貧窮。——法國(guó)哲學(xué)家伏爾泰7.Idonotlikework—nomandoes—butIlikewhatisinthework—thechancetofindyourself.—ConradJoseph,Britishnovelist我不喜歡工作——沒(méi)有人會(huì)喜歡工作——但是我喜歡工作中所蘊(yùn)藏的——發(fā)現(xiàn)自己的機(jī)會(huì)?！?guó)小說(shuō)家C.

約瑟夫8.Workismorethananecessaryformosthumanbeings;itisthefocusoftheirlives,thesourceoftheiridentityandcreativity.—LeonardR.Sayles,Britishwriter工作不僅僅是一種必需，它還是人們生活的焦點(diǎn)，是他們的個(gè)性和創(chuàng)造性的源泉。——英國(guó)作家L.R.

塞爾斯42h6.WorkbanishesthosethreegUnit4WorkandCareer43hUnit4WorkandCareer1hHowmanyoccupationscanyouname?-ist(e.g.artist)-er(e.g.worker)-man(e.g.policeman)-or/-ess(e.g.actor/actress)-ian(e.g.musician)Other(e.gnurse)44hHowmanyoccupationscanyounFivequestions:whatismyoccupation?--gameDoyouworkintransport/education/business/law/tourism/entertainment/trades/agriculture/commerce?Isyourjobablue-collar/white-collarjob?Doyouworkindoors/outdoors/both?Doyouworkonlyinthedaytime/alsoatnight?Isyourworkindividual/donewithotherpeople?Doyouuseanymachinery?Doyoustayinoneplace/traveltootherplacesinyourjob?45hFivequestions:whatismyoccChoosingacareer—discussion:Whatkindofjobdoyouthinkwillbesuitableforyou?Whatfactorswillyouconsiderwhenyouchooseajob?46hChoosingacareer—discussion:WDirections:Whenselectingacareeroroccupation,youhavetoconsidermanyfactors.Nowworkinpairsorgroupstoputthefollowingfactorsinsequencefromthemostimportanttotheleast,andtrytojustifyyourselfbyprovidingconvincingarguments.

workplacevaluessalaryparentalinfluenceinterestsabilitiesThemostimportant------------------------Theleastimportant47hDirections:Whenselectingacidealjobrealitycompromise48hidealjobrealitycompromise6hRole-play:Supposeyouareaconsultantinacareerplanningcompany.Acustomercomestoyouforadvices.Everygroupwillactbothroles.Asaconsultant,askyourcustomeraboutthebasicinformation,thenworkoutaplanforhim/her.Asacustomer,youwillbeallottedarolecardwithinformationonit.Tellyourconsultantyourcurrentsituationandhopestothefuture.49hRole-play:SupposeyouareaCase1:ZhangJing,34aresearchworkerinBeijing;wifeanddaughter(5-year-old)inhometown,Shenyang;nohouseinBeijing.50hCase1:ZhangJing,348hCase2:LiZhiping,32Teacherinpoorvillageschool;primitiveconditions;lowpay;poorattendancerate(上學(xué)率);promiseforimprovementuncertain51hCase2:LiZhiping,329hCase3:XueLi,27ActressinfilmstudioHaveactedin7minorrolesHavehadnochancetoshowtalentNotmarryingtillcareersucceeds52hCase3:XueLi,2710hCase4:HuangChunlin,22UniverstiystudentMajorincomputerscienceWillgraduatethisyearConcernedaboutparentsinthecountry,bothill53hCase4:HuangChunlin,2211hCase5:XueJie,20Reserve(后備)footballplayeronnationalteamfor2yearsTeamnotdoingwellininternationalmatchesCoachseemsnogood54hCase5:XueJie,2012hCase6:ZhangRong,36Officeworker,boredwithworkLovetravellingandtakingphotoesofsceneryParticipatedin5photocontestsHavenotwonanyawardyet55hCase6:ZhangRong,3613hCase7:DengCong,33GotPhDinUSandcamebacktoworkinChinalastmonthWantowncarandhouseFindworkefficiencylowandcolleaguerelationshipscomplicatedinworkunit56hCase7:DengCong,3314hTextAWork,Labor,andplay57hTextAWork,Labor,andplay15hpartsParas.Mainideas11-3Theauthorexplainshisunderstandingofwork,labor,andplay.24Intheauthor’seyes,themajorityofpeopleinamoderntechnologicalsocietyarelabourersratherthanworkers.35Theauthorstressesthetwonegativeaspectsoftechnologyandthedivisionoflabor.58hpartsParas.MainideasTheauthoWorkLaborPlay1231212Whetherajobcanbeclassifiedasworkdependsonthetastesoftheindividualwhoundertakesit.Workhasnothingtodowiththedivisionbetweenamanualandamentaljob.

Whetheraman’sjobcanbeviewedasworkdependsonhisattitudetowardleisure.Ajobcanbeclassifiedaslaborifapersonhasnointerestinit.Oneiscompelledtotakeitbythenecessityofearningalivingandsupportinghisfamily.

Playisaprivateactivitythatoneenjoysdoingasapastime.Whetheroneplaysornotisamatteroftheleastconcerntosociety.Directions:Summarizetheauthor’sexplanationofhisunderstandingof“work”,“l(fā)abor”and“play”.59hWorkLaborPlay1231212WhetherTobehappy,amanmustfeel,firstly,freeand,secondly,important.1.Howcanonefeelfreeandimportantinhiswork?Onecanfeelfreeifheenjoyswhatheisdoingandonecanfeelimportantifwhatheisdoingisvaluedbysociety.Para.160hTobehappy,amanmustfeel,1.Whydoestheauthorcallalaborerawageslave?Inasocietywhereslaveryinthestrictsensehasbeenabolished,whetherwhatamandoeshassocialvaluedependsonwhetherheispaidmoneytodoit,butalaborertodaycanrightlybecalledawageslave.DetailedReading_Inasociety…Theauthorcallsalaborerawageslavebecausealaborer’ssocialvaluedependsonthemoneyheispaid.Toalaborer,thejobthatsocietyoffershimisofnointeresttohim.Heiscompelledtotakeitbecausehehastoearnalivingandsupporthisfamily.2.Whatistheimpliedmeaningofthissentence?Justlikeslavesinthepast,laborersarecompelledtodojobsthattheydon’treallyenjoy.Asaresult,theonlydifferencebetweenalaborerandaslaveisthatoneispaidwhiletheotherisnot.Para.161h1.Whydoestheauthorcalla1.Whatdoes“voluntaryplay”refertointhiscontext?whatfromthepointofviewofsocietyisnecessarylabourisfromhisownpointofviewvoluntaryplay.DetailedReading_Amanisaworker

…Para.3“Voluntaryplay”inthecontextmeansthejoboneenjoysdoing.2.TranslatethesentenceintoChinese.從社會(huì)角度看是必需的勞動(dòng)，在他自己看來(lái)卻是自愿的玩耍。62h1.Whatdoes“voluntaryplay”Accordingtotheauthor,whencanwedefineagardeneroracobblerasaworker,whileabankclerkalaborer?Thedifferencedoesnot,forexample,coincidewiththedifferencebetweenamanualandamentaljob;agardeneroracobblermaybeaworker,abankclerkalaborer.DetailedReading_Thedifferencedoes…Para.3Accordingtotheauthor,whetheroneisaworkeroralaborerdoesnotdependonthekindofjobheorshedoesbutonwhetherheorshereallyenjoysdoingthejob.Therefore,agardeneroracobblermaybeaworkerifheisinterestedinhisjob,whileabankclerkisalaborerifheisboredwithhisjob.63hAccordingtotheauthor,wheninthestrictsense:

inthemostlimitedmeaningInthestrictsense,itisnotapieceofclassicalmusic.Inthestrictsense,thehelp-the-poorprogramwasputforwardonalargescaleonlyaftertheinitiationofthereformandopening-up.Collocations:inasense

在某種意義上intheliteralsense就字面而言inthefullsense

就全面的角度而言inthebroadsense從廣義的角度而言64hinthestrictsense:Inthestabolish:vt.bringtoanendbylaw;stopSlaverywasabolishedinEnglandinthe19thcentury.Moderneducatorshaveforthemostpartabolishedcorporalpunishment.我們應(yīng)該廢止種族隔離一事愈來(lái)愈受到重視。Thereisgrowingrecognitionthatweshouldabolishsegregation.65habolish:vt.Slaverywasabo這些動(dòng)詞均含“取消、廢除”之意正式用詞，指徹底廢除某種制度、規(guī)章或習(xí)俗。

用法廣泛，多指取消債務(wù)、合同、證書(shū)、比賽、旅行、計(jì)劃或約會(huì)等。

書(shū)面用詞，指撤銷立法機(jī)關(guān)通過(guò)的協(xié)議、法案或法律等。如：CF:abolish,cancel&repealabolishcancelrepealInmyopinion,suchcorruptpracticesshouldbeabolished.依我看，這些陋習(xí)應(yīng)當(dāng)廢除。Ifitrains,letourengagementbecancelled.如果下雨，就取消我們的約會(huì)吧。Thelegislationwasrepealedfivemonthslater.66h這些動(dòng)詞均含“取消、廢除”之意CF:abolish,caclassify:vt.

arrangeinclassesorgroupsWhalesareclassifiedasmammals,notfish.人們將油膩的薯?xiàng)l、洋芋片以及漢堡歸類為垃圾食物。PeopleclassifygreasyFrenchfries,potatochipsandhamburgersasjunkfood.Weusuallyclassifytypesofcharacterasgoodorbad.Localgovernmentisactivelytakingmeasurestocollect,classifyanddispose

garbageleftinscenicspotstopreventpollution.67hclassify:vt.Whalesarecla1.Thebooksinthelibraryarebysubjects.2.Pleaseoutthethingsyouwanttokeepandthrow

everythingelseaway.3.Hewasasatrouble-maker.4.Naturalresourcescanbeasrenewableand

nonrenewableones.DetailedReading_classify2CF:categorize,classify&sort

categorize強(qiáng)調(diào)貼標(biāo)簽于某物上并將其分類，或分列入目錄中。分類標(biāo)準(zhǔn)比較personal和specific,可以是自己設(shè)定的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。

classify指按照事物類型、質(zhì)量或相似點(diǎn)進(jìn)行分類。標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不是分類者自己設(shè)的，而是自然已形成的分類。

sort通常指根據(jù)類型或分類進(jìn)行挑選。

Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changetheformwherenecessary.classified________sort____classified________categorized__________這些動(dòng)詞均含“按一定規(guī)則加以組織、分類”之意。68h1.Thebooksinthelibraryarundertake:vt.

makeoneselfresponsiblefor;agree;promiseDuringherhusband’spresidency,JacquelineKennedyundertookthecoordinationoftheWhiteHouserestoration.量力而行。Undertakenomorethanyoucanperform.Weundertaketoreplaceanyproductnotuptothespecifications.Ihadratherundertakesomepurposefullabourthanstayidle.69hundertake:vt.Duringherhuscompulsion:n.forceorstronginfluence;strongunreasonabledesire她突然感到一種難以抗拒的沖動(dòng),想要揍他。

Everybodyactsnotonlyunderexternalcompulsion,butalsoinaccordancewithinnernecessity.對(duì)他們只能說(shuō)服，不能壓服。Persuasion,notcompulsion,istheonlywaytoconvincethem.Pattern:undercompulsionShefeltasuddencompulsiontohithim

70hcompulsion:n.她突然感到一種難以抗拒的沖動(dòng)Thedevelopmentoftechnologyandthedivisionoflaborhaveturnedalargeamountofenjoyableworkintoboringlabor.Becauseofthedevelopmentoftechnologyandthedivisionoflabor,theneedforspecialstrengthorskillinmanyfieldshasbeeneliminated.Weareveryhappytoimagineaworldinfuturewherethemajorityoftheworkforcehaveasmuchtimeforplayastheupperclassesusedtohaveinthepast.Theprospectisnotcheerfulthatinfuturethemajorityoftheworkforce—ordinarypeople—haveasmuchtimeforplayastheupperclassesusedtohaveinthepast.F()T()1.2.71hThedevelopmentoftechnologyUnlikethearistocracywhousedtorepeatthesameceremoniesincertainseasons,laborersarelikelytospendtheirleisuretimeindangerousdriving,drug-taking,andsenselessactsofviolence.

Workersseldomcommitactsofviolenceathome,becausetheydoitintheirwork.Workersseldomcommitactsofviolence,becausetheyenjoywhattheyaredoing,sotheyarewillingtospendmostoftheirtimeandenergyontheirjobs.Astheyarebentontheirwork,theaggressivenessinsidethemselves,ifany,wouldnaturallyturnintothemotivationanddeterminationtodotheirjobswell.F()T()3.4.72hUnlikethearistocracywhouseeliminate:vt.remove;takeaway;getridofTofightandeliminatepovertyisamajortaskfacingtheworldtoday.Thedoctorshelpedhimtoeliminatewastematerialfromthebody.我們能消滅癌癥以減少死亡率嗎？Canweeliminatecancersoastoreducedeathrate?Eliminatethefalseandretainthetrue.去偽存真。Collocations:eliminatesexbarriers

消除男女差別eliminateerrors

消除錯(cuò)誤eliminateilliteracy

掃盲eliminatepornography

掃黃73heliminate:vt.Tofightand1.ThecaseagainstRobertJoneswasforlackof

evidence.2.SixAmericandiplomatshavealreadybeen.3.Theservantwasforbeinglazyanddishonest.4.PleaseyourbagfromtheseatsothatIcansitdown.5.Sheonceagainwentthroughhercompositioncarefullytoallspellingmistakes.remove普通用詞，不帶任何感情色彩。eliminate指例行公事的排除某物,也指有系統(tǒng)的摧毀某物.

dismiss指解雇、開(kāi)除某人或駁回某事。expel多指強(qiáng)行解除公職或驅(qū)出居住地。Directions:Fillintheblankswiththewordsabove.Changethefor