(完整版)中考復(fù)習(xí)-人教版初中英語語法定語從句-

TheAttributiveClause定語從句

一個美麗的女孩

abeautifulgirl（形容詞作前置定語）一個穿白色衣服的女孩agirlinwhiteinwhite（介詞短語作后置定語）一個正唱歌的女孩agirl issinging

whoissinging（定語從句，agirl為先行詞）定語是句子成分之一，可以由單詞、短語或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，對名（代）詞修飾和限制。名（代）詞稱為中心詞。形容詞作定語一般前置，短語和從句作定語要后置，翻譯成“……的”。另外名詞、數(shù)詞、非謂語動詞（短語）、介詞短語也可以擔(dān)當(dāng)定語。LiMingisaboy.LiMingisagoodboy.LiMingisagoodboy

.形容詞作定語介詞短語作定語在復(fù)合句中，修飾一個名詞或代詞的從句叫做定語從句。goodwithglasseswhoiswearingglasses句子作定語先行詞引導(dǎo)詞(關(guān)系詞）從句Maryisagirlwho

haslonghair.（被修飾的名詞或代詞）（跟在先行詞后，引導(dǎo)從句的詞）修飾先行詞的句子定語從句分析結(jié)構(gòu)：先行詞+引導(dǎo)詞+從句引導(dǎo)詞的作用:(1)引導(dǎo)定語從句

(2)在從句中作一成份

(3)代替先行詞在從句中的位置ThisisthecardthatI’vejustreceived先行詞引導(dǎo)詞從句關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞who,that

,which

,whom,whoseWhere,when,why做題一般步驟1.確定先行詞：空格之前的單詞或詞組2.將先行詞帶入定語從句，還原從句為完整句子3.根據(jù)先行詞在還原句中的成分確定引導(dǎo)詞步驟二步驟三Inwhich=

where

步驟一先行詞house，帶入句子Iliveinthehouse(正確)Thisisthehouse_______Ilive.關(guān)系代詞關(guān)系副詞

先行詞句中作用省否who人主語/賓語

關(guān)系代詞在句中作賓語可以省略whom人賓語which物主語／賓語that人／物主語／賓語whose人／物定語When時間狀語where地點狀語whyreason狀語■關(guān)系代詞who,whom的用法who和whom均只用于指人，不用于指事或物，其中who在定語從句中用作主語，whom在定語從句中用作賓語。如：Imetagirlwhoknewyoursister.我碰到一個認(rèn)識你姐姐的姑娘。InBerlin,hefirstmetthewomanwhomhewouldonedaymarry.在柏林，他第一次遇見那個女人，后來他終于跟她結(jié)了婚。但是，用作賓語的whom如果不是緊跟在介詞之后，通常會被省略或用who,that代之。如：ThepersontowhomIcomplainedisthemanager.我向他投訴的那個人是經(jīng)理。Theperson(who,whom,that)Icomplainedtoisthemanager.我向他投訴的那個人是經(jīng)理。

關(guān)系代詞的作用■關(guān)系代詞whose的用法關(guān)系代詞whose既可用于指人，也可用于指事或物，它在定語從句中主要用作定語。如：Sheisthewomanwhosecarwasstolen.她就是汽車被盜的女人。Thisisthehousewhosewindowswerebroken.這就是窗戶被打破了的房子。Mrs.Gray,whosechildrenareincollege,istryingtogetajob.格雷太太的孩子們都在上大學(xué)，她想找一份工作。Hishouse,whosewindowswereallbroken,wasadepressingsight.他的房子窗戶無一完好，一派令人心酸的景象。關(guān)系代詞which的用法which：只用于指事或物，不用于指人，它在定語從句中主要用作主語或賓語。如：（1）Shewasnotonthetrainwhicharrivedjustnow.（which在句中作主語）

她不在剛才到達(dá)的那列火車上。（2）Henevergotbackthemoneywhichhehadlenthim.他從未收回他曾借給他的那筆錢。（which在句中作賓語）which在引導(dǎo)定語從句，作賓語是可以省略：

Isthisthebook（which）youarelookingfor？(lookfor尋找)這是你要找的書嗎？關(guān)系代詞that用法一、指人的用法that用于指人，在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語。如：Adriverthathasknockedsomeonedownmuststop.撞人的司機(jī)必須停車。Heisthemanthatyouhavebeenlookingfor.他就是你要找的那個人。Heisnotthatmanthathewas.他已不是過去的他了。二、指物的用法that用于指物，在定語從句中可用作主語、賓語或表語。如：ThisistheplanethatwillflytoTokyointheafternoon.這是下午要飛往東京的那架飛機(jī)。ShewasannoyedbysomethingthatIhadsaid.她為我說的某句話而不高興。Shengzhenisnotthecitythatitusedtobe.深圳現(xiàn)在已不是原來的那個城市了。TheboyisTom.Theboyissmiling.TheboyisTom.Theboyhasaroundface.TheboywhoissmilingisTom.

(主語)Theboy

whohasaroundfaceisTom.TheboyisTom.Hesitsinfrontofme.ThemanwhositsinfrontofmeisTom.Thewomangotthejob.

ThewomancanspeakRussian.Thewoman

whocanspeakRussian

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Theteacherisfamous.Theteacherwhoisfamouswillgiveusatalk.Themaniskind.Everyonelikeshim.Theman(whom)everyonelikesiskind.

(賓語)

Thewomangotthejob.

Wesawheronthestreet.Thewoman(whom)wesawonthestreet

gotthejob.Theteacherwillgiveusatalk.

Wemettheteacheryesterday.Theteacher(whom)wemetyesterdaywillgiveusatalk.

Doyouknowtheman?

Hecametovisityoutoday.Doyouknowthemanwhocametovisityoutoday?

Doyouknowtheman?

Youwillvisithimtoday.Doyouknowthemanwhomyouwillvisittoday?

Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoat（山羊）.

Thegoatiseatingherflowers.Mrs.Clarkisangrywiththegoatwhich

iseatingherflowers.Canyoulendmethebook?

Youtalkedaboutitlastnight.Canyoulendmethebook(which)youtalkedaboutlastnight.

關(guān)系詞注意:從句中的謂語動詞要和先行詞保持一致that指人或物which指物who指人1、當(dāng)先行詞是anything,everything,nothing(something除外),few,all,none,little,some等代詞時，或者是由every,any,all,some,no,little,few,much，each等修飾時(1)Haveyoutakendowneverything(that)Mr.Lihassaid?

(2)Thereseemstobenothing(that)seemsimpossibleforhimintheworld.

(3)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.

(4)Thereislittle(that)Icandoforyou.

注意1：部分時候that可以省略，如部分例句將that用括號括住。注意2：當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who

(4)Anymanthat/.whohasasenseofdutywon’tdosuchathing.

that和which在指物的情況下一般都可以互換,但在下列情況下,

一般用that而不用which。2、當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾ThefirstplacethattheyvisitedinLondonwastheBigBen.3、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級修飾時ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveseen.

4、當(dāng)形容詞被thevery,theonly，thesame,thelast,any,little等修飾時(1)ThisistheverygooddictionarythatIwanttobuy.

(2)Afterthefireinhishouse,theoldcaristheonlythingthatheowned.

當(dāng)先行詞指人時，偶爾也可以用who：(3)WangHuaistheonlypersoninourschoolwhowillattendthemeeting？

5、當(dāng)先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時(1)Whoisthemanthatisstandingthere?

(2)WhichistheT-shirtthatfitsmemost?

6、當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動物或者物體時Canyourememberthescientistandhistheorythatwehavelearned?

7.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中做表語Thevillageisnolongertheonethatitusedtobe10yearsago.

8.當(dāng)在therebe句型中，通常情況下用that，不用which

who,that

（先行詞為人）區(qū)別1.用who不用that的情況：(1)當(dāng)先行詞為one,ones,anyone,those時。(2)當(dāng)先行詞為人稱代詞時。HewhodoesnotreachtheGreatWallisnotatrueman.Thosewhohaveanydifficultywithpronunciationshouldpractise2.只能用which的情況:

1.介詞前置時關(guān)系代詞只能用which(先行詞為物)2.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句修飾某物或整個句子時只能用which(1)Shefailedtheexam,whichmadeherparentsvaryangry.(2)Myglasses,withoutwhichIwaslikeablindman,felltothegroundandbroke.whose

在定語從句中作定語,表示引導(dǎo)詞與whose

后的名詞為所屬關(guān)系。

whose多指人，也可指物，指物時可與ofwhich互換使用。比如：

Thisisthebookwhosecoverisblue.Thisisthebookofwhichthecoverisblue.Thisisthebookthecoverofwhich

isblue.Doyouknowthegirl?HerhairisveryshortinourclassDoyouknowthegirlwhosehairisveryshortinourclass?（thehairofwhom）

Heisthestudent.IbrokehispencilyesterdayHeisthestudentwhosepencilIbrokeyesterday.（thepencilofwhom）As也可以用來引導(dǎo)定語從句.當(dāng)先行詞與as,so,such,thesame連用或先行詞本身是such,thesame時,關(guān)系代詞用as.As在從句中作主語、賓語或表語。1.Heisnot

suchaman

asonlythinksofhimself.2.Ishouldliketousethesamepen

as

Iusedyesterday.3.Suchproblemsasareoftenmentionedshouldbesolved.4.Iwillreadasmanybooksasarerequired.5.Hereissobigastoneasnoonecanlift.關(guān)系副詞關(guān)系副詞：在句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=forwhich

where=in/at/on/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)

when=during/on/in/...which(介詞同先行詞搭配)when指時間，在定語從句中做時間狀語也可做連接詞用

(1)IstillrememberthedaywhenIfirstcametotheschool.(2)Thetimewhenwegottogetherfinallycame.where指地點，在定語從句中做地點狀語

(1)ShanghaiisthecitywhereIwasborn.(2)ThehousewhereIlivedtenyearsagohasbeenpulleddown.why指原因，在定語從句中做原因狀語

(1)Pleasetellmethereasonwhyyoumissedtheplane.(2)Idon’tknowthereasonwhyhelooksunhappytoday.注意：關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的從句可以由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的從句替換

(1)Thereasonwhy/forwhichherefusedtheinvitationisnotclear,(2)Fromtheyearwhen/inwhichhewasgoingtoschoolhebegantoknowwhathewantedwhenhegrewup.介詞+關(guān)系代詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句指代對象先行詞關(guān)系副詞及相應(yīng)結(jié)構(gòu)時間day\year\date\timewhen\duringwhichtime地點theplace\thecity\地點where\inwhich\fromwhich原因thereasonwhy\that\forwhichwhen在定語從句中作時間狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。I’llneverforgetthedaywhen

Ijoinedtheleagueonwhichwhere在定語從句中作地點狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。ThisisthehousewhereIlivedtwoyearsago.inwhichwhy在定語從句中作原因狀語，相當(dāng)于“介詞for+關(guān)系代詞（which）”。Doyouknowthereasonwhyshewaslate.Itrainedheavily,forwhichhewaslatefortheclass.1.Thisisthetown__________Iwasborn.Thisisthetown_________Ivisitedlastweek.2.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Icametoschool.Iwillneverforgettheday_______Ispentwithyou.3.Thisisthereason________hewaslate.

Thisisthereason________hetoldme.Thereason_________heexplainedisnottrue.

wherewhichwhenwhichwhywhichwhich“介詞＋關(guān)系代詞(whom/which)”引導(dǎo)定語從句應(yīng)注意：1介詞的選用至少要考慮以下的兩個因素A.與先行詞的搭配關(guān)系1）Iwillneverforgettheday_____________Ijoinedthearmy.2)Iwillneverforgetthedays____________Iworkedintheschool.3)Iwillneverforgettheyear____________mysonwenttocollege.4)Igothomeat7:00p.m.yesterday,____________mostpeoplehadhadsupper.onwhichduringwhichinwhichbywhichB.與謂語動詞的搭配習(xí)慣1）Haveyoufoundthebook____________Ipaid29USdollars?（payfor花費）2)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________Ispent29USdollars?(spendon花費）3)Haveyoufoundthebook_____________welearntalot?(learnfrom…從哪里學(xué)到)4)Haveyoufoundthebook____________sheoftentalks?（talkabout談?wù)摚ゝorwhichonwhichfromwhichaboutwhich關(guān)系代詞作介詞賓語的幾種結(jié)構(gòu)：1.介詞+whom\whichThewomangeneralstillrememberthedayonwhichshejoinedthearmy2.介詞短語+which\whomThefishermanlivedinasmallhouseinfrontofwhichliesawell.

3.不定代詞或數(shù)詞+which\whomTherearemanybookshere,noneofwhichbelongstome.Chinahasalotoffamouswriters,oneofwhomisLuxun.4.名詞+ofwhichShementionedamagazine,thetitleofwhichIhaveforgotten.partofwhom/whichThereare23studentsinourclass,

A:________________(他們都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多數(shù)）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（沒有一個）arefromBeijing

allofwhommostofwhomsomeofwhomnoneofwhomThereare23studentsinourclass.

(,and)A:________________(他們都）lovemothersdeeply.B:________________（大多數(shù)）arefromcountryside.C:________________（有些）arefromXiabanchengD:________________（沒有一個）arefromBeijingallofthemmostofthemsomeofthemnoneofthemEverystudenthasmanybooks,

A:______________（大多數(shù)）aretextbooks.B:________________（一些）areextracurricularbooks.C:______________（其余的）arereferencebooks.D:________________（沒有一本）arenovels.E:_______________（有幾本）areEnglishbooks.mostofwhichsomeofwhichtherestofwhichnoneofwhichseveralofwhichExercise1:用關(guān)系代詞填空Theboy____________isplayingping-pongismyclassmate.Thee-mail___________Ireceivedyesterdaywasfrommysister.Ihatepeople______________talkmuchbutdolittle.Thecar_____________myfatherboughtlastmonthisverybeautiful.who/thatwhich/thatwho/thatwhich/that5.Theman______hairiswhiteishisgrandfather.6.Isthereastudent_________fatherisabusinessman?7.Thisisthehousein________wehavelivedfor10years.8.I’veneverheardofthepeopleandthings________youtalkedaboutjustnow.whosewhosewhichthat當(dāng)先行詞同時指人和物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.Exercise2.Myfatherandhisteachertalkedalotaboutthepersonsandthings______theycouldn’tremember.Sayall________youknow.Isthereanything______Icandoforyou?thatthatthat當(dāng)先行詞是something,anything,nothing,

all

等詞時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.4.Thisisthefirstplay________IhaveseensinceIcamehere.5.Thisisthebestnovel_______Ihaveread.thatthat當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞，最高級等詞修飾時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.6.Whoisthegirl_______isstandingunderthetree?7.Whichisthemachine____weusedlastSunday.當(dāng)主句是who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句，而中心詞指人或物時，關(guān)系代詞只能用that.thatthatMatchthetwosentences1.I’mreadingabook.ThebookisaboutBillGates._______________________________________2.Heisateacher.TheteacherteachesusChinese._______________________________________3.Idon’tliketheman.Heissmoking.____________________________________4.Whereisthepicture?Youboughtitlastweek._______________________________________I’mreadingabookthat/whichisaboutBillGates.Heisateacherwho/thatteachesusChinese.Idon’tlikethemanwhoissmoking.Whereisthepicturethatyouboughtlastweek?限制性定語從句和非限制性定語從句：Themanwhocamehereyesterdayhascomeagain.

限制性定語從句是先行詞在意義上不可缺少的定語，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意義。這種從句和主句關(guān)系十分密切，寫時不用逗號分開。非限制性定語從句和主句關(guān)系不很密切，只是對先行詞作些附加說明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。這種從句，寫時往往逗號分開。

1.Hismother,whomheloveddearly,wentabroad.2.Thismachine,whichhehaslookedafterformanyyears,isstillworkingperfectly.3.Aqiao,whoseparentshaddied,hadtomakealivingbyherself.4.Thefamily,wholivedupstairs,arefondofmusic.說明：非限制性定語不能用that引導(dǎo)；作賓語用的關(guān)系代詞不能省；要用逗號隔開。*As和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別：Which引導(dǎo)的從句與主句關(guān)系較密切，常放在主句之后；而as引導(dǎo)從句，可放在句首、句中或句尾。Which既可代指先行詞，又可代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。相當(dāng)于“andthis”or“andthat”.譯為“這一點”。而as則只能代指整個主句的內(nèi)容。譯為“正如…..那樣”，且已形成固定結(jié)構(gòu)。如：asisknown,asissaid,asisreported,asisoftenthecase,asisexpected.Etc.

如.Einstein,asisknown,isafamousscientist.

Asisreported,Chinahasbecomeanimportantcountryintheworld.Hedidn’tcometoattendthemeeting,asisexpected.Bambooishollow,whichmakesitverylight.Mysonnowgoestotheschool,whichIusedgotowhenIwasachild.3.定語從句和狀語從句（1）句從引導(dǎo)詞來看，狀語從句中的that是連詞，在從句中不充當(dāng)任何成分，而定語從句中的as在從句中要作一個成分（主語，賓語或表語）。(1)Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanliftit.Thisissuchabigstone_______noonecanlift.(2)Pleaseputtheletterinthedrawer___________hecaneasilyfindit.Pleaseputtheletter_________hecaneasilyfindit.thataswherewhere4.定語從句和名詞性從句

(1)Hedidall(that)hecouldtohelpme.(=what)(2)Allthatcanbedonehasbeendone.(=what)(3)_______isknowntousall,theearthturnsroundthesun.Itisknowntousall_______TaiwanbelongstoChina.(4)______isknowntousallisthattheearthissmallerthanthesun.AsthatWhat定語從句和強調(diào)句強調(diào)句句型：Itis/w