定語從句的關(guān)系詞知識

定語從句的關(guān)系詞知識定語從句的關(guān)系詞什么是從屬復(fù)合句在第七講（坐標(biāo)語法）里講到，英句子的特點是：詞可以做句子成分，短語可以做句子成分，句子也可以做句子成分，成分中還可以有成分，從句中還可以有從句。簡單地說，從屬復(fù)合句就是用一個句子做另一個句子的成分，被用做句子成分的句子就是從句，另一個句子就是主句。既然從句是用做句子成分，我們可以以句子成分來對從句進(jìn)行分類，也可以按詞性來對從句進(jìn)行分類。按詞性分，從句可分為：形容詞性從句，名詞性從句與副詞性從句三大類；按句子成分來分，可分為：定語從句，狀語從句，主語從句，賓語從句，表語從句和同位語從句六種。定語從句與關(guān)系詞的功能定語從句起到形容詞或限定詞的語法作用，在句中修飾或限定某一個名詞或代詞，一般置于其所修飾或限定的詞后面。被定語從句修飾的'詞叫做先行詞，引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞叫關(guān)系詞，關(guān)系詞的作用一是起到連接從句作用，并在從句中充一定的語法成分，關(guān)系詞要與先行詞保持?jǐn)?shù)的一致,二是關(guān)系詞的表意功能取決于先行詞即，關(guān)系詞的含義是指代先行詞，連接定語從句的連接詞之所以叫關(guān)系詞，就是與先行詞產(chǎn)生關(guān)系之意。在關(guān)系詞的選擇上，我們要考慮關(guān)系詞這兩個方面的作用即，關(guān)系詞的語法功能與表意功能。例題解析Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks animalsandplantscanbeprotected.A.whenB.whichC.whoseD.where解析：定語從句不缺句子主干成分，從語法功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞B。從表意功能上看，先行詞是nationalparks,因此答案選D。Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose liveswereaffected.A.whoseB.thatC.whoD.which解析：本題定語從句的主語是生活（lives），不缺句子主干成分，從語法功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞BCD三個選項，固選A，用來whose限定lives。Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.A.whomB.whoC.whatD.which解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，不能選A關(guān)系代詞who的賓格形式，Cwhat為名詞性從句中的代詞，剩下BC兩個關(guān)系代詞，再看先行詞是those指的是那些人，固選B。Hewrotealetter heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident.A.whatB.whichC.whereD.how解析：本題定語從句不缺句子主干成分，從語法功能上講不能選關(guān)系代詞B，從表意功能上看，先行詞為letter，意思是在信中他解釋說，固選C。Thereisnosimpleanswer; isoftenthecaseinscience.A.asB.thatC.whenD.where解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，所以不能選C和D，從句的意思是就如在科學(xué)中那樣子，含有如，像之意固選A。Finallyhereachedalonelyisland wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld.A.whenB.whereC.whichD.whom解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，固不能選A與B，先行詞為island，是指處所，所以選C。 isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.A.ItB.ThatC.WhatD.As解析：本題與第五題相同，選DNowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment theylive.A.whatB.whichC.whenD.where解析：本題定語從句不缺句子主干成分，live為不及物動詞。先行詞是theenvironment，意思是我們住在這個環(huán)境里，固選D。Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite, isannouncedintoday'snewspaper.A.thatB.whichC.whoD.what解析：本題定語從句明顯缺主語，D不能選，因為what不是定語從句中的代詞。本題沒有具體的先行詞，在非限定性定語從句中，關(guān)系詞可指代主句所指的事，所以不能選C。非限定性定語從句，當(dāng)要用到指物的關(guān)系代詞時，不能用that，固選B。WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse Iwouldbestaying.A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which解析：本題定語從句不缺句子主干成分，stay為不及物動詞。先行詞為thehouse，表處所，固先C。四．定語從句考考你（用適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)系詞填空）Manycountriesarenowsettingupnationalparks animalsandplantscanbeprotected.Thebooktellsstoriesoftheearthquakethroughtheeyesofthose liveswereaffected.Happinessandsuccessoftencometothose aregoodatrecognizingtheirownstrengths.Hewrotealetter heexplainswhathadhappenedintheaccident.Thereisnosimpleanswer, isoftenthecaseinscience.Finallyhereachedalonelyisland wascompletelycutofffromtheoutsideworld. isoftenthecasewithchildren,Amywasbetterbythetimethedoctorarrived.Nowadayspeoplearemoreconcernedabouttheenvironment theylive.Wehavelaunchedanotherman-madesatellite, isannouncedintoday'snewspaper.WhenIarrived,Bryantookmetoseethehouse Iwouldbestaying.”Youcan'tjudgeabookbyitscover”, theoldsayinggoes.Thechildren,allof hadplayedthewholedaylong,werewornout.Themuseumwillopeninthespringwithanexhibitionandaviewingplatform visitorscanwatchthebigglasshousesbeingbuilt.Johninvitedabout40peopletohiswedding,mostof arefamilymembers.MoYanwasawardedtheNobelPrizeforLiteraturein2012, madeoneoftheChinesepeople'slong-helddreamscometrue.Itisatrulydelightfulplace, looksthesameasitmusthavedone100yearsagowithitswindingstreetsandprettycottages.OppositeisSt.Paul'sChurch, youcanhearsomelovelymusic.Hewrotemanychildren'sbooks,nearlyhalfof werepublishedinthe1990s.Creatinganatmosphere employeesfeelpartofateamisabigchallenge.Thebossofthecompanyistryingtocreateaneasyatmospherein hisemployeesenjoytheirwork.Thebooksonthedesk, coversareshiny,areprizesforus.Asthesmallestchildofhisfamily,Alexisalwayslongingforthetime heshouldbeabletobeindependent.ChinaTodayattractsaworldwidereadership, showsthatmoreandm