定語從句用法規(guī)則匯編 高考英語復習

定語從句定義：用來說明主句中某一名詞或代詞(有時也可說明整個主句或主句中一部分)而起定語作用的句子叫作定語從句。定語從句類別用法(在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）例句限制性定語從句(由關系代詞引導，緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞。）Which（指物）作主語Pleasepassmethebookwhichislyingonthetable.作賓語（可省略）ThenovelwhichTomboughtisveryinteresting.作賓語（介詞賓語不能?。〤anyoulendmethemagazineaboutwhichyoutalkedyesterday?Who（指人）作主語ThisisthedetectivewhocamefromLondon.Whom（指人）作賓語SheisthenewstudentwhomIwanttointroducetoyou.That（指人/物）作主語Heistheonlypersonthatisbelievable.作賓語Theytalkedforaboutanhourofthingsandpersonsthattheyrememberintheschool.As（指人/物）作主語Suchpeopleaswerementionedbyhimwerehonest.(as作主語)I’veneverseensuchaclevermanasheis.(as作表語)Ilikethesamebookasyoudo.(as作賓語)作賓語作表語Whose=ofwhom\ofwhich（指人/物）作定語Theprofessor(whosedaughterteachesyouEnglish)isDr.Williams.=Theprofessor,(thedaughterofwhomteachesyouEnglish)isDr.Williams.Thebike(whosebrakewasdamaged)hasnowbeenrepaired=Thebike(thebrakeofwhichwasdamaged)hasnowbeenrepaired定語從句類別用法(在從句中作主語，賓語，表語，定語，狀語）例句限制性定語從句(由關系副詞引導，緊跟先行詞，同先行詞之間一般不加逗號，僅修飾先行詞）When=at\in\on\duringwhich作時間狀語Hecameatatimewhenweneededhimmost.We’llneverforgetthedaywhenthePeople’sRepublicofChinawasfounded.Where=at\in\towhich作地點狀語Thisistheroomwhereheputupforthenight.Why=forwhich作原因狀語Iknowthereasonwhyshestudiessowell.定語從句類別用法(在從句作主語，賓語，表語，）例句限制性定語從句只能用that引導的情況如果先行詞是all,much,anything,something,nothing,everything,little,none,few.等不定代詞時Allthepeoplethatarepresentburstintotears.Everythingthatwesawwasinteresting.I’minterestedineverythingthatIdon’tknow.Allthatisneededisasupplyofoil.(2)如果先等詞被all,littlenoneany,only,few,much,no,some,very等詞修飾時Ireadallthebooksthatyougavetome.ThisistheonlymoneythatIhaveinmypocket.AllthemoneythatwascollectedwasgiventotheHopeProject.(3)如果先行詞被序數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級修飾或者先行詞是最高級時ThisisthefirstbookthatwaswritteninEnglish.ThisisthebestfilmthatIhaveeverseen.ThisisthefunniestthingthatIeverheard.(4)如果先等詞被theonly,thevery,thesame,thelast修飾ThisistheonlybookthatIreallylike.Hewastheonlypersonintheofficethatwasinvitedtotheball.(5)先行詞有兩個，一個指人，一個指物Theboyandthedogthatareinthepictureareverylovely.Hetalkedabouttheteachersandschoolsthathehadvisited.定語從句類別用法(在從句作主語，賓語，表語，）例句限制性定語從句只能用that引導的情況(6)當先行詞前面有who,which等疑問代詞時Whoisthepersonthatisstandingthere?WhichofusthatknowsEnglishdoesn’tknowthis?Whoisthemanthatisstandinginfrontofthecrowd?(7)關系代詞作表語時Ittookusmanyyearstomakethecitythatitistoday.Heisnotthemanthatheusedtobe.(8)先行詞是基數(shù)詞或是序數(shù)詞時YesterdayIcaughttwofish.Nowyoucanseethetwothatarestillaliveinthebasinofwater.(9)當主句“therebe“開頭時，關系代詞要用that引導的定語從句修飾該句型的主語Therearefourdesksinthemiddleoftheofficethatareusedfortheteachers.定語從句類別用法(在從句作主語，賓語，表語，）例句只能用which引導的情況1)非限制性定語從句中，不能用關系代詞that,作賓語用的關系代詞也不能省略Thereareaboutsevenmillionpeopletakingpartintheelection,mostofwhom,arewelleducated.Beijing,whichischina’scapital,isrichinculture.2)those/that+名詞后的定語從句Thatpenwhichhetookismine.Ashopshouldkeepthosegoodswhichsellswell.3)介詞后只用whichThisistheroominwhichhelived.Idon’tknowthemantowhomyoutalked.Thechaironwhichheissittingismadeofwood.4)which還有一種特殊用法，它可以引導從句修飾前面的整個主句，代替主句所表示的整體概念或部分概念。在這種從句中，which可以作主語，也可以作賓語或表語Hesucceededinthecompetition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.(5)先行詞是that時What’sthatwhichflashedintheskyjustnow?(6)關系代詞后面有插入語時HereistheEnglishgrammarbookwhich,asIhavetoldyou,willhelptoimproveyourEnglish.定語從句類別用法(在從句作主語，賓語，表語，）例句只用who/whom不用which/that,不用引導的情況(1)如果先行詞是anyone,anybody,everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,those,ones等時Isthereanyoneherewhowillgowithyou?Peoplealllikethosewhohavegoodmanners.（2）當先行詞是指人的集合名詞時，如果作這個名詞著眼于集體的整體，關系代詞用which;若是指集體中的各個成員，則用who。Mr.Smithcametovisitmyfamily,whowerewatchingTVthen.Ourclass,whichisaverygoodone,waspraisedagainatthemeeting.(3)當先行詞有較長的后置定語或者在被分割的定語從句中Pro.WangiscomingsoonwhowillgiveusatalkonhowtolearnEnglish(4)當先行詞是一個限定性的表示人的特定名詞時Theaunt/unclewhocametoseeuslastweekismybrother’ssister.“介詞＋關系代詞“可以引導限制性定語從句，也可以引導非限制性定語從句“介詞＋關系代詞“結構中的介詞可以是in,on,about,from,for,with,toat,of,without等，關系代詞只可用whom或which,不可用that。其中whom代表人，which代表物Whoisthecomradewithwhomyoushookhands?Heworksinafactory,infrontofwhichthereisariverGivemethebookthecoverofwhichisred(thecoverofwhich=whosecover)Heisthemanwhosefatherisateacher.=Heisthemanthefatherofwhomisateacher.ThisistheneighborhoodfromwhomIborrowedthebicycle.定語從句類別As引導Which引導例句相同點都可以用來引導非限制性定語從句，指代前面的主句所表達的內容Hefailedoncemoreinthematch,whichwasagreatpity.Hesucceededinthecomposition,whichmadehisparentsveryhappy.不同點1）as引導的非限制性定語從句位置較靈活，可以位于主句前面．中間或后面，一般用逗號與主句隔開，但which所引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。1)Asweallknow,Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright.=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjects,asweallknow,isright=Galileo’stheoryoffallingobjectsisright,asweallknow.2)Hewasthrownintoprison,whichgotroundthroughoutourvillage3)Asisexpected,theEnglandteamwonthefootballmatch.4)Theearthrunsaroundthesun,asisknownbyeveryone.5)Hewaslateagain,whichmademeunhappy6)Asyouknow,heisgoodatEnglish.as有“如”、“正如”、“像”、“正像”的含義，which沒有。后面的謂語動詞多是see,know,expect,say,mention,report等。Bobdidanexcellentjob,aswehadexpected.Ourteamwonthegame,whichmadeushappy.Asisknowntoall,TaiwanispartofChina.Wearefacingthesameproblemsaswedidyearsago.Wearefacingtheproblemswhichwefacedyearsago.Wehopetogetsuchatoolasheisusing.Wehopetogetthetoolwhichheisusing.3.)as在引導限制性定語從句多與such或thesam