高考英語完形填空解題技巧和方法

高考英語專題復(fù)習(xí)--完形填空解題技巧指導(dǎo)補(bǔ)全心理格式塔心理學(xué):

當(dāng)看見不完整的事物時(shí)，人們根據(jù)腦子里對(duì)事物的完整概念，會(huì)在思想上把它補(bǔ)全.

完形填空是高考試題中的一個(gè)重要部分。完形填空共20題，考試時(shí)間為20分鐘左右，分值為30分，占總分的20％。在兩篇題材熟悉、難度適中的短文(約350詞)內(nèi)留有20個(gè)空格，每個(gè)空格為一題，每題有四個(gè)選擇項(xiàng)，要求考生在全面理解內(nèi)容的基礎(chǔ)上選擇一個(gè)最佳答案，使短文的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)恢復(fù)完整。一.《高中英語課程標(biāo)準(zhǔn)和考試說明》

對(duì)高考完形填空的規(guī)定：

完形填空部分的目的是測(cè)試學(xué)生綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力（測(cè)試能力要求大體接近大學(xué)非英語專業(yè)二年級(jí)水平。）

完型填空考查綜合運(yùn)用語言的能力：1）詞語辨析能力2）語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析能力3）語篇理解能力4）邏輯推理能力5）文化背景透析能力6）生活常識(shí)綜合運(yùn)用能力…二：完型填空試題主要特點(diǎn)：1.

通常一篇記敘文，一篇說明文或者一篇議論文。每篇300-350詞左右，文章中設(shè)空20個(gè)，首句不挖空；

3.干擾項(xiàng)設(shè)計(jì)嚴(yán)密.一般情況下，四個(gè)選項(xiàng)的詞性相同或?qū)儆谕然驅(qū)Φ确懂?，干擾項(xiàng)填入后在語法上一般不存在錯(cuò)誤，對(duì)考生有很大的迷惑作用；4.突出語篇(語境)，強(qiáng)調(diào)應(yīng)用，注重交際；2.

內(nèi)容完整,邏輯性強(qiáng),語言結(jié)構(gòu)嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)。生詞少,難度適中。5.考察重點(diǎn)多為實(shí)詞:名詞/代詞/動(dòng)詞/形容詞/副詞等；單詞為主、短語為輔。6.關(guān)注語境背景知識(shí),側(cè)重上下關(guān)聯(lián),暗示判斷能力。7.大多富有積極的教育意義，給人以人生的啟迪或是充滿了生活情趣；

對(duì)于敘事，描述類文章。短文的首句，往往點(diǎn)明故事發(fā)生的人物(who),時(shí)間（when），地點(diǎn)(where)，和事件(what)等背景情況。例：

Itwasabusymorning，about8:30,whenanelderlygentlemaninhis80scametothehospital.……2010全國卷（I）記敘文1、議論文的設(shè)題往往多以上下文為基礎(chǔ)，利用承前信息或滯后信息，使讀者有所依托。2、議論文中表達(dá)作者態(tài)度或看法的詞較多，所以，試題中對(duì)形容詞和副詞的考查往往也較多。問題跳躍性較大。我們做題時(shí)，既要看事實(shí)，又要感悟作者的態(tài)度與情感。議論文

對(duì)于論述文，首句表明了論述的主題。起到揭示主題的作用。例如：

Amanwhoknowshowtowriteapersonalletterhasaverypowerfultool.Alettercanbeenjoyed,readand21.

…………….2010全國卷（II）1、說明文直白性較強(qiáng)，脈絡(luò)清晰。2、說明文的層次清晰，整體性強(qiáng)，所以，遞進(jìn)性詞匯和名詞的設(shè)題往往出現(xiàn)得較多。只要把握這些關(guān)鍵，做完形填空便會(huì)得心應(yīng)手，游刃有余。說明文完形填空總體要求

完形填空全面考查學(xué)生的語言知識(shí)、閱讀理解能力和總體語言水平。解題過程是對(duì)語篇中的缺失信息進(jìn)行猜測(cè)、推斷、驗(yàn)證的過程，需要我們立足語篇環(huán)境，樹立全局觀念，瞻前顧后，連貫思維，從語境角度來選擇答案。詞匯題高考完形填空考什么？篇章結(jié)構(gòu)(語境)

語法結(jié)構(gòu)結(jié)合選項(xiàng)沒有嚴(yán)格遵循答題步驟:很多考生一拿到完形填空題就急于選擇答案，不認(rèn)真分析通篇文章，單純求快，忽略語篇理解，只看局部的詞義辨析、搭配和語法結(jié)構(gòu)。表面上解題速度挺快，但是這種見樹不見林的做法只會(huì)影響解題的質(zhì)量和效率。三：為什么我們?cè)谶@一題型上總是

失分較多?切記:一定要用2-3分鐘時(shí)間先進(jìn)行缺詞閱讀,弄清文章大意和基本脈絡(luò)后再著手逐個(gè)填空.2.不注意積累答題技巧:a.忽略文章首句的提示作用；b.忽略文章中上下文之間的照應(yīng)關(guān)系;c.遇到長句不注意分析句子結(jié)構(gòu),在語義模糊時(shí)抱碰運(yùn)氣的心理隨意作出選擇.

3.時(shí)間安排不當(dāng):在幾個(gè)選項(xiàng)上過分糾纏，追求完美，導(dǎo)致許多本可以做出的題來不及做。切記:正確的做法是由易到難，先做會(huì)做的，再考慮較難的。強(qiáng)烈推薦：如尚有幾題題目不確定可將某題的可能的兩項(xiàng)填入空格,然后快速地整句整段地默讀,選擇某一項(xiàng)習(xí)慣或短語或動(dòng)賓搭配讀起來較流暢的.四.解題方法：總的原則:先完意，后完形。三步曲：讀——填——讀十六字方針：上下通氣，瞻前顧后，左顧右盼，前后照應(yīng)。五.完形填空具體解題步驟通覽------選填-----復(fù)核1通覽----速讀全文，把握大意

跳格快速閱讀一下全文，通過通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意，概略地了解文章的體裁、背景、內(nèi)容等等。

2選填----緊扣文意，瞻前顧后

先易后難，逐層深入。緊扣全文內(nèi)容，聯(lián)系上下文和語境，展開邏輯推理，注意從上下文中尋找線索，注意詞匯的意義、搭配，慣用法，語法，常識(shí)等多個(gè)角度進(jìn)行綜合考，選項(xiàng)入格。3復(fù)核----全面檢查，確保語意連貫，用詞準(zhǔn)確復(fù)讀全文驗(yàn)證答案。帶著答案把全文再通讀一遍

，注意看所選答案填入空白處后能否做到文章意思通順、前后連貫、邏輯嚴(yán)謹(jǐn)、結(jié)構(gòu)完整、首尾呼應(yīng)。完形填空之解題技巧Basicskillsofcloze細(xì)讀文章的第一句話

高考完形填空選文的第一句話通常是完整的。該句往往就是主題句（TopicSentence），這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”，它的句意往往為全文提供中心信息，能直接概括全文大意、揭示主題。充分重視首句的標(biāo)示作用，利用它為解題找到一個(gè)突破口，據(jù)此展開思維，爭取開局勝利。1.上下文和前后句的提示（復(fù)現(xiàn)、同/近義詞、反義詞）一：詞匯題1.(2010北京卷)Mrs.Neidlwouldaskmeformy37.ShewantedtoknowhowIthought……ShebelievedIhadopinions,soIbeganto…….37.A.opinionB.impressionC.informationD.intentionopinions語境-原詞重現(xiàn)2.(2010陜西卷）

Ihadsome28inmypocker,butIwouldnotgivethemtohim,thinkingtomyselfhewould29（only）

usethemoneytofeedhisaddictiontodrugsoralcohol.28.A.chocolatesB.coinsC.tinsD.drugs語境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)3.Manyoldpeopledon’thavegood____.Theycan’twatchTV,buttheycanlistentomusicornewsovertheradio.AhearingBhealthCeyesightDtime4.Somepartsofthewaterareveryshallow.Butinsomeplacesitisvery,very______.A.deepB.highC.coldD.dangerous語境-反義詞語境-同義詞、近義詞復(fù)現(xiàn)5.ChinesegovernmentchallengedlocalShoolstoconductexperimentsin-educationreform.

AndthenRendaFuzhongXisanschoolinBeijingsteppeduptothe_______.chargesB.exchangeC.challengeD.experience語境-原詞重現(xiàn)(詞性變化)challenged146.…andthenbothendedupfromthesamehighschool.Justthreeweeksbefore_____,BillaskedMarkiftheycouldtalk.(2003北京）AgraduationBmovementCseparationDvacationA

7．Theamountofusablewaterhasalwaysbeenofgreatinterestintheworld.Holdingspringsandstreamssometimesmeanscontrol,particularlyinthe22

areaslikethedesert.22．A．dry B．distant C．deserted D．wild

8．Thecorrectwatersupplyforecastisbasedmoreonthewaterfromthe34thanfromthebelow.34．A．clouds B．sky C．a(chǎn)ir D．a(chǎn)bove

9．In1964ShirleygraduatedfromGallaudetandlookedfor

_44_.Shewantedtobeindependentandworkfulltime.

44.A.information

B.help

C.ajob

D.anassistant

10.Thestonemenface41,ratherthanouttosea,andtheireyesarefocuseduponthesky.41.A.forwardB.outwardC.onwardD.inward11.Theartexpertswhoworkatthegallerysaytheyusedmodernchemistrytechnologyto45thepaintonthepicture.Thesechecksfoundtraces(痕跡)ofpaintdeepinthepicturedatingfromabout1814.45.A.try B.remove C.wash D.check2.詞語的習(xí)慣用法和固定搭配詞匯題1.（2010全國I)…Thenursehadhimtakea36

inthewaitingarea,37(telling)himitwouldbeatleast40minutes38(before)someonewouldbeabletoseehim.

36A.breathB.testC.seatD.break語境-固定搭配takea362.Thecity(Washington)wasnamed___GeorgeWashington,thefirstpresidentoftheUnitedStates.A.byB.forC.asD.after

3.Itwas4o’clockwhenthefrontdoorbellrang.MrsClarkewas____teaatthetime.cookingB.makingC.burningD.serving4.Mark____downandhelpedtheboypickupthesearticles.(2003北京春50小題）

A.fellB.satC.layD.knelt5.…,buttheyare_____damagetoourhousesandshopsofhistoricalinterest,’’SaidJohnNorris,oneoftheprotesters.（NMET1999第30題)A.doingB.raisingC.puttingD.producing

6.He’d

36

hislifebrewingbeerforlocalbreweriesonlytomakealiving,

37

hadhisfatherandgrand－fatherbeforehim.36．A.cost

B.spent

C.take

D.paid

37．A.like

B.asif

C.so

D.nor7.OnApril12,1888,Alfred’sbrotherLudwigdiedofheartattack.AmajorFrenchnewspaper___hisbrotherforhimand…found B.misunderstoodC.mistook D.judged能與“AforB”搭配的在四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中只有選項(xiàng)C,mistakeAforB意為“誤以為A是B，把A錯(cuò)當(dāng)成B”。注意：mistake-mistook-mistaken8.(2008安徽)Whenwelookatitasawhole,webegintohavesome____,whicheventhebestguidebooksdonot.A.ideasB.opinionsC.feelingsD.questionsanswer3.根據(jù)詞匯的意義及用法辨析詞義詞匯題1.(2010江蘇卷)

Myfather36metoherwiththesewords:“Iwouldlikeyoutomeetthefellowwhois……36.A.rushedB.sentC.carriedD.introduced

2.(2010全國I）Thehappiestpeopledon’t53(necessarily)havethebestofeverything；theyjust54thebestofeverythingtheyhave.

54A.learnBmakeC.favorD.try語境-詞義辨析36metojust54thebestof語境-詞義辨析3.Theboywas___①____thewaterandhiscanoewas_②___away.①A.onB.withinC.inD.under②A.runningB.floatingC.flowingD.pulling4.Withherslowandclumsyreactions,shewouldsurely____herteam.A.holdonB.holdoutC.holdoverD.holdup堅(jiān)持住；不掛斷伸出等推遲阻礙,舉起，搶劫，推遲語境+詞語辨析笨拙的5.Thetrainerdecideditwasuselesstryingtofinish.HecalledtoTrudyto

45

.45．A.keepupB.slowdownC.giveupD.takeup6.Theforestbegantodisappear,which53alltheanimalsdyingout.53.A.resultedinB.resultedfromC.createdD.layin7.NobelarrangedinhiswilltogivethelargestpartofhismoneytoestablishtheNobelPrizes,whichwouldbeawardedtopeoplewhomadegreat_______tothecausesofpeace,literature,andthesciences.A.additionsB.sacrificesC.changesD.contributionsmakeadditionsto給……增加makesacrificesfor為……做出犧牲makechangesto對(duì)……作修改makecontributionsto對(duì)……作貢獻(xiàn)8.SoItriedhardwithmywritingandwenttocollege.Myfirstnovel45whileIwasatcollege.45.A.cameonB.cameinC.cameoutD.camebackcomeon加油，得了吧；開始comeout出來;盛開;出版;顯出comein進(jìn)來comeback回來4.根據(jù)生活常識(shí)及文化背景知識(shí)進(jìn)行選擇詞匯題1.ImademysandwichthatafternoonwhilewaitingforCassie.39thebutter-creamgavemeanidea.

A.SpreadingB.BoilingC.BakingD.Holding生活常識(shí)常識(shí)、背景知識(shí)2.(2010福建)BorninAmerica,IspokeEnglishnotChinese，

thelanguageofmyancestors.WhenIwasthree.myparentsflashedcardswithChinese36atmyface,butIpusedthem37(aside),

……36.A.custornB.gamesC.charactersD.language

3.Iturnedthekeyinthelockand____thedooropen.knockedB.forcedC.pushedD.tried√語境-常識(shí)4.(2008浙江)Idon’tremembermyfatherevergettingintoaswimmingpool.Buthedid.Anykindof

rideseemedtogivehimpleasure.Andhelovedtofish……A.boatB.busC.trainD.bikelovethewater√5.…,you__①__theinternationaldateline.Byagreement,thisisthepointwhereanewday__②__.

①A.seeB.crossC.areD.arestoppedby②A.iscomingB.isdiscoveredC.isinventedD.beginstheinternationaldateline是‘‘國際日期變更線’’，是人們所規(guī)定的，看不見，摸不著，但是可以越過。它是新的一天開始的地方。答案分別為①B

②D其實(shí)，以上方法并非獨(dú)立使用，交互使用的情況較多。根據(jù)文章運(yùn)用多方法，對(duì)選項(xiàng)逐項(xiàng)分析，排除干擾項(xiàng)，從而確定最佳答案。對(duì)稍難的或拿不準(zhǔn)的個(gè)別題，我們可采用排除法。

邏輯手段讓步關(guān)系轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系因果關(guān)系解釋關(guān)系順序關(guān)系并列關(guān)系…1：二：邏輯手段1.（2010江蘇卷)Thenshelookedatmyfatherandreplied,“Youare40(wrong).Thisisnottheworstboyatall,41thesmartestonewhohasn’tyetfoundanoutlet（釋放的途徑）forhisenthusiasm.”41.A.butB.soC.andD.or語境-轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系、搭配thesmartest2.（2010湖南卷)Beanisawhitedog,quitehandsomeandvery38.

38.A.smartB.sweetC.slowD.shy語境-同類并列關(guān)系3.（2010安徽卷)Firstofall,apenshouldfitcomfortablyinyourhand,...Thenthewritingpointofthepen……

52,thepenshouldmakeathick,darkline.

52.A.MeanwhileB.GenerallyC.AfterwardsD.Finally語境-順序關(guān)系4.Atransistorradioissometimesverysmall.Itisveryeasytocarry…___,radiobroadcastsarebetterforblindpeople.

A.BesidesB.HoweverC.YetD.Sometimes5.Atfirstnothinghappened,____suddenlyalargeratrushedoutofthe…

A.andB.orC.soD.then6.Mymainresponsibility(職責(zé)）wereclearingtablesandwashingdishes,____sometimesIhelpedcook.（2003北京第40題）

A.orB.soC.butD.even語境—轉(zhuǎn)折關(guān)系7.____fatherandIoftenarguewitheachother,wearegoodfriends.A.IfB.AlthoughC.WhenD.Asif語境-讓步關(guān)系8.Ifwemakeanoiseonthebustheylook_____anduncomfortable.A.untouchedB.worriedC,movedD.excitedHellenwasanoldteacherwithawarmsmileand_____eyes.A.burstingB.freezingC.friendlyD.lively語境-并列關(guān)系2：語法結(jié)構(gòu)分析二：邏輯手段①

Whenwetalked,Idiscovered（發(fā)現(xiàn)）somedifferencesinschoollifebetweentheUSandChina.Forexample,eachclasslastsfiftyminutesintheUS.Itisalittle____thanthatinChina.Weusuallyhavefortyminutesineachclass.

A.shorterB.longerC.earlierD.laterlogic（邏輯推理）/語境②（遼寧）

42isknowntousall,thereisnot43(enough)waterinallplacesforevery-onetouseasmuchashelikes.42.A.ThatB.ItC.What D.As

定語從句42空指代主句there…h(huán)elikes.語境-語法分析③WhenEdfirstphonedand___weplay,Ilaughedquietly,figuringonaneasyvictory.(NMET2003,37題）

A.declaredB.mentionedC.persuadedD.suggested語境-語法分析④（2010天津卷）“Asapoliceman,Isaw27therewasviolence,drugswerealwaysbehindit.Theyhaveadamaging28(impact)onthekids.”27.A.whereB.unlessC.asD.whether

語法-句型（地點(diǎn)狀語從句）⑤Theinstructorthen___thatwefindwaystomakeapologizetopeople.A.expectedB.suggestedC.toldD.said

wefind=weshouldfind語境-語法分析⑥Ofcourse,hedidnotunderstandathing,buthenoddedhisheadashe_____A.didB.hadC.understoodD.could這兒did代替understood,不選understood避免重復(fù)。屬語法考點(diǎn).⑦(2007遼寧)Whatmadehimsadwas___

whetherB.whyC.when