習(xí)語(yǔ)近人 文化入心復(fù)習(xí)過(guò)程

習(xí)語(yǔ)近人文化入心英語(yǔ)作文模板問(wèn)題解決型或現(xiàn)象闡述型英語(yǔ)作文模板問(wèn)題解決型或現(xiàn)象闡述型

/英語(yǔ)作文模板問(wèn)題解決型或現(xiàn)象闡述型問(wèn)題解決型或現(xiàn)象闡述型問(wèn)題解決型文章:第一段描述段(描述問(wèn)題,說(shuō)明其嚴(yán)重性);第二段說(shuō)明段(分析原因或危害);第三段說(shuō)明段(解決方法或措施).此類(lèi)文章建議重點(diǎn)寫(xiě)第二段.(1)Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearepayingattentionto(某一問(wèn)題).(2)Itisobviousthat(危害).(3)Therefore,measuresshouldbetakentodealwiththeissue.(4)Ontheonehand,(5)Ontheotherhand.(兩方面說(shuō)明)(6)Personally,Ithinkthefollowingsuggestionsareworthtrying.BecauseHowtoTreattheParent–childRelationsOutline:1.父母與孩子間代購(gòu)越來(lái)越大2.如何消除代購(gòu),并改善關(guān)系3.“我”的看法Nowadays,moreandmorepeoplearepayingattentiontothegenerationgapbetweenparentsandtheirchildren.Itisobviousthatgenerationgapcanleadtofamilydisharmony.Therefore,measuresshouldbetakentodealwiththeissue.Ontheonehand,parentsshouldbemoretoleranttotheirchildren,afterall,achildisachild.Ontheotherhand,childrenshouldunderstandwithouttheirparents’properguideandcare,theywon’tbeabletogrowuphealthily.Personally,Ithinkthefollowingsuggestionsareworthtrying.Becausemutualunderstandingisthekeysolution.Itisnecessaryforbothparentsandchildrentounderstandeachotherforagoodparent-childrelationship.PowerFailure(2010)Outline:1.很多城市缺電現(xiàn)象嚴(yán)重2.分析原因3.提出建議Nowadayspowerfailurehasbecomeamoreandmoreseriousproblemwithwhichmanycitiesarefaced.Ithasbeenreportedthatmanyfactorieshavetostopproductioninsummerbecauseofpowerfailure.Powerfailurehasalsobroughtinconveniencetocitypeople.Therearetwomainreasonsforthisproblem.Foronething,withtheincreaseincitypopulation,anincreasingamountofpowerisneeded,especiallyinsummer,whenitisveryhotandpeoplehavetouseair-conditioner.Foranotherthing,therapiddevelopmentofindustrydependonagreatdealofpower,makingthesituationevenworse.Effectivemeasuresmustbetakentopreventpowerproblemfromgettingworse.First,citypeopleshouldenhancetheirawarenessofsavingpower.Inaddition,governmentshouldfocusitseffortonthedevelopmentofpowerindustrytoreversethesituation.Onlythroughthiscanweexpectabrighterfuture.Recently,thereisagreatshortageofelectricitysupplyinmanycities.Theproblemofpowerfailureseemstohavegonefrombadtoworse.Thefactorscontributingtothefrequentpowerfailurearevaried.Withtherapid-developingindustryandtheever-increasingpopulation,demandforelectricitysupplyissoaring.Besides,summersaremuchhotterthaneverbefore,somostworkingplacesandhouseholdsareair-conditioned,whichconsumesadditionalelectricity.Itisurgenttofindsolutionstopowerfailure.First,weshouldbuilduptheawarenessofsavingwhileusingelectricity.Second,somemeasurescanbetakensuchassettingyourair-conditionersat26℃orencouragingsomefactoriestoshifttheirworkinghourstoavoidthepeaktimeofelectricityconsumption.WaysofReleasingPressure(2011)Outline:1.目前大學(xué)生壓力較大;2.分析原因;3.提出解決辦法和建議Livingintoday’ssocietywithhighlivingexpensesandfiercecompetition,collegestudentsarealwaysundergreatpressure.Someevencommitsuicide.Therearemanyreasonsforthisproblem.Firstofall,theyareworriedaboutnothavingenoughmoneytofinancetheireducation.Inaddition,theyareafraidtheycan’tpasstheexam.Last,theyfinditquitedifficulttofindasatisfactoryjobaftergraduation.Allthesecontributetotheirpressure.AsfarasI’mconsidered,bothcollegestudentsandUniversitycantakesomeeffectivemeasurestodealwiththepressure.Ononehand,studentsshouldadoptpositiveattitudestowardlife.Ontheotherhand,universityshouldcommunicatewithstudents,knowabouttheirdifficultiesandhelptosolvetheirproblemsandreleasetheirpressure.

一年級(jí)語(yǔ)文：26個(gè)漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表讀法及學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)!一年級(jí)語(yǔ)文：26個(gè)漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表讀法及學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)!

/一年級(jí)語(yǔ)文：26個(gè)漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表讀法及學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)!一年級(jí)語(yǔ)文：26個(gè)漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表讀法及學(xué)習(xí)要點(diǎn)！漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表-聲母表語(yǔ)中每個(gè)音節(jié)起始處的輔音可以構(gòu)成聲母。漢語(yǔ)拼音方案《聲母表》規(guī)定的聲母符號(hào)一共有21個(gè)。b[玻]p[坡]m[摸]f[佛]d[得]t[特]?n[訥]?l[勒]g[哥]k[科]h[喝]?j[基]q[欺]x[希]z[資]?c[雌]s[思]r[日]?zh[知]ch[嗤]sh[詩(shī)]y[醫(yī)]w[巫]漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表-韻母表漢語(yǔ)普通話拼音中一共有37個(gè)韻母。分別是：a[阿]an[安]ao[奧]ai[哀]ang[昂]o[喔]ong[翁]ou[歐]e[鵝]en[恩]er[兒]ei[唉]eng[摁]i[衣]ia[呀]iu[由]ie[耶]in[因]ing[英]u[烏]un[溫]ua[蛙]uo[窩]ue[月]ui[威]ü[迂]iao[腰]ian[煙]iang[央]iong[用]uai[外]uan[彎]uang[往]漢語(yǔ)拼音字母表-整體認(rèn)讀音節(jié)zhi?chi?shi?ri?zi?ci?siyi??wu?yuye??yueyin??yun??yuan?ying拼音復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)漢語(yǔ)拼音知識(shí)要點(diǎn)：一、熟讀、熟記《聲母表》，《韻母表》，《整體認(rèn)讀音節(jié)表》;順序不能錯(cuò)，中間不能遺漏，特別是翹舌音在平舌音前的順序要牢記。二、易寫(xiě)錯(cuò)的字母：1、聲母：b-d,p-q,t-f三組字母易混淆寫(xiě)錯(cuò)。2、f的第一筆寫(xiě)反，t的第一筆寫(xiě)反，j的第一筆寫(xiě)反，成了右彎，s寫(xiě)反。3、韻母：a,u,u的第二筆豎寫(xiě)成了豎彎。4、ai-ui,ei-ie,ui-iu,ou-iu,ie-ue,un-un幾組韻母的字形要分清。5、整體認(rèn)讀音節(jié)：yu,ye,yue,yuan，yun中的去掉兩點(diǎn)的u要寫(xiě)成u,不要寫(xiě)成原來(lái)的u。三、易錯(cuò)的知識(shí)點(diǎn)：1、整體認(rèn)讀音節(jié)只有16個(gè)，不要把yan,you,wo,ya,er等誤認(rèn)為整體認(rèn)讀音節(jié)。2、聲調(diào)易錯(cuò)的地方：第二聲與第三聲容易混淆，特別是在音節(jié)詞中第三聲會(huì)標(biāo)成第二聲。3、復(fù)韻母及音節(jié)中的聲調(diào)容易標(biāo)錯(cuò)位置，要牢記標(biāo)調(diào)規(guī)則：有a不放過(guò)，沒(méi)a找o,e;i,u并列標(biāo)在后。4、j,q,x只和u相拼，不與u相拼，j,q,x和u在一起時(shí)，u上兩點(diǎn)要去掉，如ju,qu,xu,jue,que,xue,juan,quan,xuan中的都是去掉兩點(diǎn)的u，不是u。在這些音節(jié)中要寫(xiě)成u，分開(kāi)時(shí)要記住寫(xiě)成u。5、同樣記住，yu,yue,yun,yuan中的u其實(shí)是去掉兩點(diǎn)的u，不要加上兩點(diǎn)還寫(xiě)成u。6、音節(jié)拼寫(xiě)要注意：聲調(diào)不要忘記標(biāo)，有的輕聲音節(jié)不要標(biāo)調(diào)。三拼音節(jié)中的介母不要忘記寫(xiě)，如jia,qia,xia,jian,qian,xian,jiang,qiang,xiang,jiong,qiong,xiong等三拼音節(jié)中的i不要漏寫(xiě)。兩拼音不要寫(xiě)錯(cuò)：有復(fù)韻母iu的音節(jié)中的iu不要寫(xiě)成iou,正確的音節(jié)是：miu,diu,tiu,niu,liu,jiu,xiu,qiu。牢記：you不要寫(xiě)成yiu或yiou。7、音節(jié)讀音容易錯(cuò)的地方：有聲母n,l的音節(jié)要分清鼻音和邊音，很容易把鼻音n讀成邊音l。平舌音和翹舌音容易混淆讀錯(cuò)。前鼻音和后鼻音容易混淆讀錯(cuò)，特別是后鼻音容易讀成前鼻音，如朋友的朋，蜻蜓的蜻，等等。8、音節(jié)容易錯(cuò)的還有：抄寫(xiě)音節(jié)或選擇音節(jié)填空時(shí)容易抄錯(cuò)或漏掉聲調(diào)、字母等，這樣的錯(cuò)誤其實(shí)是可以避免的。

江蘇南通市2018年屆高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)含答案解析江蘇南通市2018年屆高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)含答案解析

PAGE

..專業(yè)知識(shí)分享..江蘇南通市2018年屆高三年級(jí)第一次模擬考試英語(yǔ)含答案解析南通市2017屆高三第一次調(diào)研測(cè)試英語(yǔ)注意事項(xiàng)考生在答題前請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀本注意事項(xiàng)及各題答題要求1.本試卷共14頁(yè)。本次考試滿分為120分，考試時(shí)間為120分鐘?？荚嚱Y(jié)束后，請(qǐng)將答題紙（卡）交回。2.答題前，請(qǐng)您務(wù)必將自己的姓名、考試號(hào)等用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆填寫(xiě)在答題紙（卡）上。3.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)答題紙（卡）表頭規(guī)定填寫(xiě)或填涂的項(xiàng)目是否準(zhǔn)確。4.作答非選擇題必須用書(shū)寫(xiě)黑色字跡的0.5毫米簽字筆寫(xiě)在答題紙（卡）上的指定位置，在其它位置作答一律無(wú)效。作答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆把答題紙（卡）上對(duì)應(yīng)題目的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其它答案。第一部分聽(tīng)力(共兩節(jié)，滿分20分)做題時(shí)，先將答案標(biāo)在試卷上。錄音內(nèi)容結(jié)束后，你將有兩分鐘的時(shí)間將試卷上的答案轉(zhuǎn)涂到答題卡上。第一節(jié)（共5小題；每小題1分，滿分5分）聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話。每段對(duì)話后有一個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)完每段對(duì)話后，你都有10秒鐘的時(shí)間來(lái)回答有關(guān)小題和閱讀下一小題。每段對(duì)話僅讀一遍。1.Whatisthemanwearingnow?A.Abluesportsshirt. B.Agreensportsshirt. C.Agreenshirt.2.What’stherelationshipbetweenthespeakers?A.Motherandson. B.Neighbors. C.Teacherandpupil.3.Whatdoesthewomangivetheman?A.Heraccountnumber. B.Hergasbill. C.Herpassword.4.Wheredoestheconversationprobablytakeplace?A.Inaclassroom. B.Inadrugstore. C.Inadoctor’soffice.5.Whatdoesthewomanmean??A.Shedoesn’twantanymorehomework.B.Themanoftenforgetshishomework.C.Nobodydidtheirhomework.第二節(jié)(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)聽(tīng)下面5段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白后有幾個(gè)小題，從題中所給的A、B、C三個(gè)選項(xiàng)中選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并標(biāo)在試卷的相應(yīng)位置。聽(tīng)每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白前，你將有時(shí)間閱讀各個(gè)小題，每小題5秒鐘；聽(tīng)完后，各小題將給出5秒鐘的作答時(shí)間。每段對(duì)話或獨(dú)白讀兩遍。聽(tīng)第6段材料，回答第6、7題。6.Wheredoesthewomanwanttogo?A.ShanghaiUniversity. B.Disneyland. C.TheOrientalPearlTower.7.Whatwillthespeakersprobablydonext?A.Calltheirneighbors. B.Canceltheirflight. C.Callataxi.聽(tīng)第7段材料，回答第8、9題。8.Whatisthemandoingnow?A.Buildingawall. B.DoingresearchontheInternet. C.Preparingforaninterview.9.Whatdidthemanprobablystudyincollege?A.Computerscience. B.Finance. C.Chineseliterature.聽(tīng)第8段材料，回答第10至12題。10.Whydoesthewomanwanttobuyadress?A.Shewantstolookmoremature.B.Sheisgoingtoanevent.C.Shewantstoloseweight.11.Whichdressdoesthewomandecidetobuy?A.Theblueone. B.Theblackone. C.Theredone.12.Whydoesthemanapologize?A.Hegavethewomansomewronginformation. B.Hedoesn’thaveanylargersizes.C.Hecan’tletherreturnanything.聽(tīng)第9段材料，回答第13至16題。13.Whatmightthewomanbe?A.Aporter. B.ACustomsofficer. C.Apostofficeworker.14.WhendoesthemanneedthepackagetoarriveinCanada?A.Beforeclassesstart. B.In3to5businessdays. C.Thenextnight.15.Howdoesthemandecidetosendhispackage?A.Byregularmail B.ByFirstClassmail. C.Byexpressmail. 16.Whatdoesthemanreceiveatlast?A.Somechange. B.Areceipt. C.Aphonenumber.聽(tīng)第10段材料，回答第17至20題。17.Whatisthemainpurposeoftheactivitiesforthestudents?A.Knowingeachotherwell. B.Answeringquestions.C.Winninggifts.18.Whathavethestudentsbeengivenalready?A.Backpacks. B.Somefood. C.Giftcards.19.Whatshouldstudentsdooncetheyfindwhatthey’relookingfor?A.Joinanewgroup. B.Takeaphotograph. C.Puttheirflagdown.20.Wheredoestheannouncementtakeplace?A.AttheUniversityServicesBuilding.B.Atabookstore. C.Atacafeteria.第二部分英語(yǔ)知識(shí)運(yùn)用(共兩節(jié),滿分35分)第一節(jié)單項(xiàng)填空(共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面各題，從題中所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。21.Theargumentdoesn’tholdmuchground______familybackgroundsoffergraduatesanadvantageinthecareercompetitionnowadays.A.where B.that C.which D.when22.—Whyareyousoupset,Mary?—Myboss______faultwithme.Heisnotsokindasyouthink.A.alwaysfinds B.isalwaysfinding C.hasalwaysfound D.alwaysfound23.Thankstotheeffortsofthelastthreeyears,therehasbeena______changeintheinfrastructureconstructionofourcity.A.tentative B.confidential C.

fundamental

D.conventional24.Wearecreatinganewvisionforpublichealth______allofsocietyworktogethertogethealthierandlivelonger.A.which B.whom C.where D.when25.Accordingtotheregulations,mostofourflightshaveabaggage______of22kilogramsperpassenger.A.gravity B.session C.punctuation D.allowance26.______youthinkthatyourparentsaremean-spiritedattimes,lovingyourparentsisanormalandsatisfyingpartoflife.A.Evenif B.Nowthat C.Asthough D.Incase27.I’msorrytosayIfailedtomeetthedeadline.Withbetterequipment,I______thetaskonschedule.A.wouldaccomplish B.mighthaveaccomplishedC.musthaveaccomplished D.couldaccomplish28.Manynaturaldisasterstookplaceacrossthecountry,______severelossesonpeople’slifeandproperty.A.tohavebrought B.onlybringing C.onlytobring D.havingbroughtWhenhe______thebillintherestaurant,hesuddenlyrealizedthathehadlefthiswalletinthecar.A.paid B.wouldbepaying C.wastopay D.hadpaid30.Schoolsinourcityprovideavarietyofoptionalclassesto______studentsofdifferentlevels.A.caterto B.switchto C.objectto D.submitto31.Thecomputerprogramofthe1970swasunableto______betweenlettersandnumbers.A.discriminate B.conclude C.negotiate D.compensate32.______tothegiftwasanoteonwhichheexpressedhisappreciationforourreceptionduringhisstayhere.A.Beingattached B.Attached C.Attaching D.Havingattached33.—Youstayeduplateagainlastnight?—Yes.Ihadto______thelosttimelastweek.A.counton B.appealto C.takeaway D.makeup34.—Whatdoyouthinkitisthathascontributedtohishugesuccess?—______hekeepsfocusedonwhatheisdoing.A.Because B.How C.Whether D.That35.—WillMrBlackallowustobringmobilephonestoschool?—Heis______andIdon’tthinkhe’llgiveuspermission.A.atoughnut B.ourgreatrock C.thebestfish D.anearlybird第二節(jié)完形填空(共20小題；每小題1分，滿分20分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下面短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。Doyouseetheglassashalf-fullratherthanhalf-empt？Suchclichés（陳詞濫調(diào)）are36questions,asresearchersexaminewithgreatcarethepowerofpositivethinking.Researchisprovingthatoptimismcan37youtobehappier,healthierandmoresuccessful.Pessimismleads,38,tohopelessness,sicknessandfailure,andislinkedto39,lonelinessandpainfulshyness.Ifwecouldteachpeopletothinkmorepositively,itwouldbelikeprotectingthemagainstthese40illnesses.Yourabilitiescountbutthebeliefthatyoucansucceed41theresult.Whenthingsgowrongthepessimisttendsto42himself.“I’mnotgoodatthis,”hesays.“Ialwaysfail.”Buttheoptimistlooksforother43.Negativeorpositive,youarewhatyouthink.Ifpeoplefeelhopelesstheydon’t44toacquiretheskillstheyneedtosucceed.Asenseofcontrolistherealtestfor45.Theoptimistfeelsincontrolofhisownlife.Ifthingsaregoingbadly,he46quickly,lookingforsolutions,forminganewplanofaction,and47foradvice.Thepessimistfeelslikeatoyoffateandmovesslowly.Hedoesn’tseekadvice,sincehe48nothingcanbedone.Manystudiessuggestthatthepessimist’sfeelingofhelplessness49thebody’simmunesystem.Thepessimistdoesn’ttakegoodcareofhimself.Feelingpassiveandunabletoavoidlife’s50,heexpectsillhealthandothermisfortunes,nomatterwhathedoes.Heeatsjunkfood,avoidsexercise,and51thedoctor.Mostpeoplearea(n)52ofoptimismandpessimism,butareinfavorofonedirectionortheother.Itisapatternof53learnedatourmothers’knees.Itgrowsoutofthousandsofcautionsor54,negativestatementsorpositiveones.Pessimismisahardhabitto55butitcanbedone.So,ifyouareapessimist,thereareways36.A.specific B.scientific C.physical D.universal37.A.help B.force C.forbid D.train38.A.forinstance B.atbest C.infact D.bycontrast39.A.kindness B.carelessness C.passion D.depression40.A.severe B.mental C.terminal D.major41.A.challenges B.contradicts C.affects D.abuses42.A.correct B.comfort C.assist D.blame43.A.excuses B.opportunities C.explanations D.advantages44.A.bother B.agree C.wait D.hesitate45.A.ambition B.success C.conscience D.courage46.A.runs B.acts C.quits D.turns47.A.standingup B.makingup C.lookingout D.reachingout48.A.suspects B.denies C.assumes D.pretends49.A.weakens B.restores C.improves D.defends50.A.aims B.gifts C.blesses D.blows51.A.consults B.ignores C.praises D.follows52.A.result B.option C.mix D.image53.A.thinking B.behavior C.expression D.complaining54.A.pressures B.favours C.criticisms D.encouragements55.A.develop B.assess C.break D.understand第三部分閱讀理解(共15小題；每小題2分，滿分30分)請(qǐng)認(rèn)真閱讀下列短文，從短文后各題所給的A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。AMaximizeyourholidaybudgetWhenitcomestoplanningasummergetaway,don’tleavemoneymatterstothelastminute.It’swisetogetthemoneymattersinthebagfirst.TravelinsuranceLeavingyourtravelinsurancetothelastmomentispotentiallythecostliestholidaymistakeyoucanmake.Travelinsurancedoesn’tjustprotectyoufromillnessandtheftwhenyou’reaway—itstartsassoonasyoubuyit.Thiscomesintouseifyoufindyouneedtocancelyourtripduetothingssuchasillnessorthedeathofatravellingcompanion.Soitmakessensetogetthissortedassoonasyoumakeyourfirstbooking.TravelmoneyTheworstplacetoswitchyourcashintoforeigncurrencyisattheairportorferryport.You’llfindthepoorestexchangerateshereastheyknowyou’venootheroptions.Buyyourmoneyatleastaweekbeforeyougo.Thebestratescanusuallybefoundfromspecialistbrokers,whichareoftenalsobetterthanhigh-streetbanks.Thereareexchange-ratecomparisonwebsitessuchasTravelMoneyMax,whichwillletyouknowwhatyou’llgetatthedifferentlocations.AbudgetItmightnotbethemostfunthingtothinkabout,butit’sarguablythemostimportantofthemall.Workouthowmuchyoucanaffordtospendwhenyou’reawaytoavoidanynastysurpriseswhenyougethome.It’shelpfultohaveadailybudgetthatyouadjustupanddownifyouspendmoreorless.56.Ifyoubuytravelinsurance,youwillbecompensated______.

A.whenyoucancelyourtripcasuallyB.whenatouristguidediesonthewayC.whenyouareillbeforestartingatripD.whenyourmoneyisstolenduringthetrip57.Whichofthefollowingstatementsistrueaccordingtothepassage?A.Itmakessensetoworkoutadailybudgetinadvance.B.You’llknowdifferentlocationsatTravelMoneyMax.C.Itcoststheleasttobuyyourmoneyinhigh-streetbanks.D.Youwillexperienceunpleasantsurprisesafteryourtrip.

BNewstudysuggestsanglereducationcanbenefit?sharksAnewstudyfindsfishereducationcanhelpprotectvulnerable(易受攻擊的)sharkpopulations.Theresearch,ledbyUniversityofMiami(UM)RosenstielSchoolofMarineandAtmosphericSciencescientists,showedthatrecreationalanglers(釣魚(yú)者)weremoresupportiveofsharkmanagementandconservationiftheyhadpriorknowledgeofsharkconservation.“Therecreationalfishingcommunityhasalonghistoryofsupportingmarineconservationefforts,sothereisgreatvalueintryingtounderstandwhichfactorsaffecttheirbehavioranddecisionmaking,especiallyforthreatenedspeciessuchassharks,”saidAustinGallagher,UMadjunctassistantprofessorandleadauthorofthestudy.Theresearchersinterviewed158recreationalanglersinSouthFloridaabouttheirattitudestowardssharkconservation.Theyfoundthatmanycatch-and-releaseanglersrecognizedthatsharkscansufferfrompost-releasemortality(死亡)butitisstillanunder-appreciatedconsequence,particularlyforspeciesthatarebornsensitive,suchashammerheads(雙髻鯊).Thedataalsorevealedthatmanyrecreationalanglersaresupportiveofmarineprotectedareasforthreatenedsharkspecies,althoughclimatechangeisalargerperceivedthreattosharksthanrecreationalfishing.“Anglersgenerallycareaboutsharkconservation,butareunawareofsomepotentialthreatsfromrecreationalfishingandhowtheycanbestmodifytheiranglingtechniquestoimprovesurvivorshipofreleasedsharks,”saidco-authorNeilHammerschlag,researchassistantprofessorattheUMRosenstielSchoolandUMAbessCenterforEcosystemScienceandPolicy.Accordingtotheauthors,thefindingssuggestaneedforincreasededucationandoutreachontheimpactsofcatch-and-releaseanglingonsharkstoimprovesurvivalratesandconservationofthreatenedsharks.“Ourstudyidentifiesimportantdisconnectsbetweenexistingscientificevidenceontheimpactsofrecreationalfishingoncertainsharkspeciesandexistingconservationbeliefsamonganglers,”saidGallagher.“Thisisagoodstartingpointfornewconversationsonsustainabilitywithinthefishingcommunity.”58.Accordingtothepassage,wecanmakeanglersplayaroleinprotectingsharksby______.A.managingthemquitedifferentlyB.providingotherrecreationalactivitiesC.equippingthemwithnecessaryinformationD.helpingthemtomakemuchbetterdecisions59.Morereleasedsharkscouldhavesurvived______.A.iftheyweresensitivespeciesB.iftheyhadbeenangledscientificallyC.iftheclimatehadn’tchangedsomuchD.iftheystayedoutofprotectedareas60.Whatcanbeinferredfromthelastparagraph?A.Recreationalfishinghaslittleeffectonprotectingsharks.B.Manyrecreationalanglersareactuallyformarineconservation.C.Thefishingcommunitywillsurelygainsustainabledevelopment.D.Thefishingcommunityarewillingtogiveupanglingsharks.CGiventhatmotivationissocentraltoourlives,whatdowetrulyunderstandabouthowitoperatesandaboutitsroleinourlives?Theassumptionisthatit’sdrivenbyapositive,externalreward.Dothis,getthat.Butthestoryismuchmorecomplex.Oneofthemoststrikingaspectsofmotivationisthatitoftendrivesustoachievementsthataredifficult,challengingandevenpainful.Youmaythinkthatyouwouldbehappytospendallyourtimesittingonawhite-sandbeachdrinkingandthataslongasyougettofillyourdaysthisway,youwouldbehappyforever.Butwhileafewdaysofenjoymentmightbefunfromtimetotime,Ican’timaginethatyouwouldbesatisfiedbyspendingyourdays,weeks,months,yearsandevenyourlifethisway.Researchthatexaminesthedifferencesbetweenmeaningandhappinessfindsthatthethingsthatgiveusasenseofmeaningdon’tnecessarilymakeushappy.Moreover,peoplewhoreporthavingmeaningfullivesareoftenmoreinterestedindoingthingsforothers,whilethosewhofocusmostlyondoingthingsforthemselvesreportbeingonlysuperficially(表面的)happy.Theessentialqualityof“meaning”hastodowithhavingasenseofbeinginvolvedinsomethingbiggerthantheself.Weallknowpeopleobtainagreatsenseofmeaningeveninthemostunpleasantofcircumstances.Manyvolunteersspendportionsoftheirlivesworkingindangerous,war-tornareastryingtokeepdiseaseanddeathfrominnocentciviliansorteachingorphanstoread.Theirpainisreal;theirsenseofdoingsomethingtrulymeaningfulissubstantial(豐富的).Theyshowhowourdeep-rooteddesiretobelievethatourliveshavepurposebeyondourlifespandrivesustoworkextrahard,eventothepointofourownpersonalsuffering,inordertogainmoremeaning.Thepointisthattheseseeminglyoddandirrational(不合理的)motivationsgetustodothingsthatarecomplex,difficultandunpleasant.Buttheygobeyondhelpingpeopleinneed.Theymotivateusineveryaspectofourlives—whetherinourpersonalrelationships,inourindividualpursuitsorintheworkplace.61.Accordingtotheauthor,whichofthefollowingaboutmotivationistrue?A.Motivationissimplydrivenbyexternalrewards.B.Motivationislargelydeterminedbysocialresponsibilities.C.Motivationenablesustogainmorefinancialreturns.D.Motivationdrivesustostruggleforachievements.62.Accordingtotheresearch,whichofthepracticesgivesusasenseofmeaning?A.Readingaclassicnovelintheleisuretime.B.Enjoyingsunshineandcomfortonthebeach.C.Accompanyingterminalpatientsinhospital.D.Listeningtopopularmusicinthesittingroom.63.Theexampleofpeople’svoluntaryworkinPara.4mainlyindicatesthat______.A.experiencingpersonalsufferingisanecessarypartofourgrowthB.voluntaryworkservesthepurposeofaddinghappinesstoourlivesC.it’sourdutytohelppeopleinneedtogetoutoftheirsufferingsD.life’sgreatrewardscomefromourexperienceoftoughcircumstances64.Whatcanweinferfromthepassage?A.Peopleshouldmakesacrificesforsocialbenefitsduetotheirshortlifespan.B.Thevalueandimpactofmotivationgoesbeyondoursocialcircleandexistence.C.Helpingpeopleinneedisthemostimportantgoalofahumanbeingnowadays.D.Superficiallyhappypeopleusuallyputothersfirstratherthanfocusonthemselves.DMichaelHerr,whohasdiedaged76,wastheauthorofDispatches(1977),thebestbookabouttheVietnamwar.Herralsomadevitalcontributionstotwoofthebestfilmsonthewar,ApocalypseNowandFullMetalJacket.IttookHerreightyearstowriteDispatches,inpartbecausehewenthomefromSaigonwithabadcaseofstressdisorder.HehadgonetoVietnamasacorrespondentforEsquiremagazine.AnAmericangeneralaskedhimwhetherhewastheretowriteaboutmilitaryfashion,andanotherwhetherhewastheretowritehumour.No,hetoldthem.HewrotelittleforEsquire,buttookadvantageoftheUSgovernment’sdecisiontoallowcorrespondentsextraordinaryaccesstogotowarwiththesoldiers.Hesharedtheirdiscomfortsandtheirfears,witnessedtheirdeathandrecordedtheirlanguage.Hisownlanguage,astreamofconsciousnesspulsingwithenergy,butmasterfullycontrolled,capturedthefearandthehorror,butalsotheexcitement,ofthewarinthejungleandpaddyfields.“Somuchbeauty”,herecalled,“andsomuchpleasure”.Herecordedwithaconnoisseur’sexpertise(行家專長(zhǎng))suchdetailsasthemanywaysinwhichsoldierswouldwisheachothergoodluck,andthedegreesofmadnessthatwereconsideredacceptable.Heidentifiedwiththeyoungsoldiersandlearnedinthefirstfewdaysthatyoucouldnotaffectneutrality(中立).“Ifyouareneutral,youdon’tgetit,”saidhe.Hegenerallydidnotcarryaweapon,thoughonoccasionhedidfireatVietnameseinemergencies.Theyoungsoldiers,hesaid,“aremyguns”.Thepowerofthebook,perhaps,comesfromHerr’sinsistenceondescribingthewar,ormorepreciselyhisownresponsestoit,ratherthanprotesting(抗議)againstit.Italsocomesfromtheceaselessaccompanimentoftwoelements,drugsandmusic—moreparticularlyrockmusic,andespeciallythemusicofJimiHendrix.Herrhimselfspentdrug-fuelledweekendsinaflatinSaigon,staringatanancientFrenchmapofIndochina,andhenevercaughtahelicopterwithoutaHendrixrecord.HemetsoldierswithaleftpocketfullofDexedrine,the“upper”officiallyadministeredbythearmytogetthemintobattle,andarightpocketfullof“downers”togetthemthroughit.Dispatchesdidnotcomeoutuntil1977,whenthecountrywasbeginningtohaveitsmindonotherproblems,butitdidmore,perhaps,thananyotherbooktofreezeanimageofdespairandasenseofwasteaboutthewar,ratherasthetrenchpoetsof1914—1918didinBritain.HerralsomadevitalcontributionstotwoofthemostinfluentialVietnamfilms.HewroteMartinSheen’svoiceoverforFrancisFordCoppola’sApocalypseNowandlaterwrotethescreenplayforStanleyKubrick’sFullMetalJacket.Hiswork,inthebookandthetwofilms,hasbeenseenaspartoftheprocesswherebytheUScametoseeitselfanditshistorynolongermerelythroughtraditionalliterature,butinsoundsandimages,inwaysthatprefigured(預(yù)示)theinternet.In1980HerrmovedtoLondon,wherehestayeduntilhemovedbacktotheUSin1991.ItwastherethathemetStanleyKubrick,whobecameaclosefriend,thoughHerrwarnedagainstdoingbusinesswithhim.HerrwroteKubrick’sbiography,buthewrotesurprisinglylittleelseafterDispatches.65.WhydidMichaelHerrgotoVietnamduringthewaryears?A.Tojointhesoldiersinmilitaryactions.B.Toreportmilitaryactionsandadvances.C.Togiveanauthenticaccountofthewar.D.Towriteaboutmilitaryfashionandhumour.66.Whatcanweinferfr