2016年自考英語(yǔ)二教材課文講義unit12

Unit12ABreakfromLifeI、NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1、crankyadj、脾氣壞得2、laundryn、要(或正在)洗得衣物;剛洗好得衣物3、resemblev、瞧起來(lái)像;顯得像;像resemble:takeafterresemblance4、throbn、(強(qiáng)烈有規(guī)律得)跳動(dòng);陣陣得疼痛5、subsidev、趨于平靜;平息;減弱;消退6、achev、疼痛;隱痛7、jointn、關(guān)節(jié)8、shufflev、拖著腳走9、wigglev、(使)扭動(dòng),擺動(dòng),搖動(dòng)10、snifflen、抽鼻子(聲)11、tissuen、(尤指用作手帕得)紙巾,手巾紙12、pillown、枕頭13、crackv、找到解決(難題等得)方法14、contagiousadj、患接觸性傳染病得15、germn、微生物;細(xì)菌;病菌16、resourcefuladj、機(jī)敏得;足智多謀得;隨機(jī)應(yīng)變得17、scroungev、覓取;搜尋18、nurturev、養(yǎng)育;養(yǎng)護(hù);培養(yǎng)19、choren、令人厭煩得任務(wù)、乏味無(wú)聊得工作20、respiten、暫停;暫緩21、manufacturev、編造;捏造22、symptomn、癥狀23、pamperv、細(xì)心照顧;精心護(hù)理;嬌慣;縱容24、hermitn、隱土;隱修者;遁世者25、geln、凝膠,凍膠(尤指用于頭發(fā)或護(hù)膚得產(chǎn)品)26、heartyadj、大得;豐盛得27、chamomilen、蘋(píng)果菊;春黃菊;甘菊28、vanillascentedadj、香草味得29、gingerlyadv、謹(jǐn)慎地;小心翼翼地;輕手輕腳地30、gratefuladj、感激得;表示感謝得begratefultosb、forsth、ungrateful比較:gracefuldisgraceful31、span、水療32、tubn、浴缸;浴盆33、drainn、下水道;排水管34、refreshv、使恢復(fù)精力;使涼爽35、emotionallyadv、感情上地;情感上地emotionemotional36、empowerv、增加(某人得)自主權(quán);使控制局勢(shì)37、permissionn、準(zhǔn)許;許可;批準(zhǔn)permit38、justifyv、對(duì)…作出解釋;為…辯解(或辯護(hù))39、awarenessn、知道;認(rèn)識(shí);意識(shí)PhrasesandExpressions1、pileup堆積;積壓2、edownwith患,得,染上(小病)3、slipaway消失;消亡;死去4、respondto作出反饋;響應(yīng)5、carefor照顧,照料(病、老、幼者等)6、tendto照料;照管;護(hù)理II、TextLearningFeelingFree①Iwokeupfeelingcranky、Ididn'twanttodohousework,thoughthelaundrywaspilingup、Ididn'twanttoreadtheworkIbroughthomefromtheoffice、Ididn'twanttodoanythingthatresembledresponsiblebehavior、Itwasthatkindofday、(承上總結(jié)句)②AsIdrankmymorningtea,IthoughtIfeltaheadacheingon、Yes,thereitwas,adullthrobjustbehindmyeyes、MaybeIshouldgobacktobeduntilitsubsided、AsIputthedishesinthesink,itseemedthatmymuscleswerebeginningtoache、Orwastheacheinmyjoints?ThatcouldmeanIwasingdownwiththeflu、(承上啟下句)EveryoneIknewhadthefluthisyear、WhyshouldIbetheonetoescapeit?Iabsolutelyshouldbeinbed、③Ishuffledbacktobed,wiggledunderthecoversandshutmyeyes、(1)Anothercoupleofhoursofsleepwouldbesonice,butIwasalreadypletelyawake、Ioughttogetup、Butno,therewasthatheadacheandthebeginningofasniffle、Bettergetthetissues、本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):1、Anothercoupleofhoursofsleepwouldbesonice,butIwasalreadypletelyawake、bepletely/wideawakebefast/soundasleep④Onmywaybackfromthebathroomwithafamilysized(適合全家用得)tissuebox,IstoppedtograbthatbignewnovelIhadboughtbuthadnotimetoread、Iopenedthebookandsettledagainstthepillows、⑤Themorningwasmovingalongandsowasmyreading、AnothertwentypagesandIwasstretching、Ishouldtrytocrack(找到解決辦法)thereportIwasworkingon、Ishouldatleastgetupanddothewash、WhatifIwascontagious?Icertainlydidn'twanttospreadanygerms、Thewashcouldwait、(2)Myfamilywasresourcefulenoughtoscroungeclothingforthenextday、⑥MaybeIwasn'tactuallygettingtheflu、Ididn'treallywanttobesick、Tobetruthful,allIwantedwasalittletimeoff、(3)Ineededtonurturemyselfawayfrompeople,chores,careerandtheoutsideworld、DidIhavetowaittobesicktodothat?Asachild,theonlyrespitefromschoolorfamilychoreswasillness、ButIwasn'tachildanymore、(4)DidIhavetomanufacturesymptomstoprovidemyselfwithanexcuse?No,Idecided,Ididn't、本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):2、Myfamilywasresourcefulenoughtoscroungeclothingforthenextday、家人足夠有能力找到第二天能穿得衣服。3、Ineededtonurturemyselfawayfrompeople,chores,careerandtheoutsideworld、nurture養(yǎng)育,培養(yǎng),培育;支持,鼓勵(lì)Parentswanttoknowthebestwaytonurtureandraisetheirchildtoadulthood、父母?jìng)兿肓私獍阉齻兊煤⒆羽B(yǎng)育成人得最好方法。Shehadalwaysnurturedgreatambitionsforherson、她一直在培養(yǎng)她兒子得雄心大志。Thehumanlearnspartlybynature,partlybynurture、人得學(xué)習(xí)能力部分就是先天得,部分就是后天培育得。natureandnurture先天與后天,遺傳與環(huán)境;先天遺傳說(shuō)與后天培養(yǎng)說(shuō)Wewanttonurturetheproject,notdestroyit、我們要支持這個(gè)新工程,不要破壞它。4、DidIhavetomanufacturesymptomstoprovidemyselfwithanexcuse?(1)manufacture編造,捏造(2)providesb、withsth、/providesth、forsb、⑦Italkedtomyself、Okay,Isaid,youneedadayoff、Admitit、Acceptit、Tossouttheguiltandenjoyaminivacation、Whatwouldyouliketodo?Read?You'realreadydoingthat、Pamperyourself?Takeabubblebath、Beahermit?Letthemachineanswerthephone、⑧Ipouredhalfthebottleofbathgelintothestreamingwaterandaddedaheartyhandfulofchamomilebathsalts、ThenIlitavanillascentedcandleandgingerlysteppedintothebathtub、Withagratefulsigh,Iimmersedmyselfinmyhomemadespa、Iheardthephoneringsomewhereoffinthedistanceandsmiled、⑨Itisfunnyhowtheachessubsidedintheheatofthetub、Theyjustslippedawaywiththelastofthebubblesdownthedrain、Myheadfeltjustfine,thethrobreplacedbyasenseofwellbeing、⑩Bylateafternoon,Iwasbackatit,refreshedphysically,mentallyandemotionally、Andratherthanfeelinghelpless,Ifeltempowered、(5)Ihadgivenmyselfpermissiontolistenandrespondtomyneeds,tocareformyselfthewayItendedtomyfamily、(6)Ididn'tneedthecrutchofillnesstojustifyarest、Itwassuchasimpleawareness,butthenisn'titthesimplethingsthatsetusfree?本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):5、Ihadgivenmyselfpermissiontolistenandrespondtomyneeds,tocareformyselfthewayItendedtomyfamily、(1)givesb、permissiontodosth、(2)respondtoone'sneeds:meetone'sneeds(3)thewaysb、didsth、(4)tendtosb、照顧,照料(5)譯文:我給了自己傾聽(tīng)并滿足自己需求得機(jī)會(huì),像照顧家人一樣關(guān)心一下自己。6、Ididn'tneedthecrutchofillnesstojustifyarest、(1)crutch:拐杖;依靠,支持(2)justify:provesth、tobereasonableThehighqualityoftheclothjustifiesitshighprice、III、部分練習(xí)講解P325BridgingtheGapDirections:Fillintheblankswithawordoraphrasethatbestpletesthepassage、Youmaychooseasuitableonefromthelistgiven、解題方法:把詞分類動(dòng)詞形容詞副詞介詞代詞getoutofpositivephysicallythroughonefreeunfortunatelyinadditiontoeither(限定詞)ratherthanNothingtakesitstollonthebody(對(duì)身體有害)likestress、1Inadditiontothementaldamagethatitcauses,stressisalsolinkedtomanydiseases,includingcancer、2Unfortunately,intoday'sworld,mostofusareexperiencingastressfullifewithnowaytogetoutofitorsowethink、Ifyouare3oneofthemanypeoplewhowanttoalleviateyourstress,youcanlearnsomesimpletechniquestohelpyou4getoutoftheviciouscycleofleadingastressfullife、Yourstressfullifedoesnotjustaffectyou,buteveryonearoundyou、Itaffectsyourrelationshipsaswellasanychildrenorcoworkers、Mostofall,itcanactuallymakeyou5physicallyill、Doyoureallywanttogo6throughtherestofyourlifefeeling"stressedout"?Doyouliketheideaoffeeling"outofcontrol"andthateverythinginlifeisatrial?Perhapsitistimeforyoutoconfrontthissituationandseekhelptorestoresomesortofbalanceinyourlifeandbreak7freefromthiscycle、Therearemanyfacetstostress、Stressmanifestsitself(顯露)inmanydifferentwaysandcanbe8eitherselfinduced(自誘導(dǎo)得)orsomethingthatoccursinlife、Wecannevereliminatestressfromourlives,asstressfulsituationsarepartoflife、However,wecanlearntoreacttostressina9positivemannerandtakecontrolofthesituation10ratherthanallowingthestresstoremainincontrol、I、NewwordsandexpressionsNewwords1、skinnyadj、極瘦得;干瘦得;皮包骨頭得2、curlyadj、鬈發(fā)(或毛)得;卷曲狀得3、adjustv、適應(yīng);習(xí)慣4、worthwhileadj、重要得;令人愉快得;有趣得;得花時(shí)間(或花錢(qián)、努力等)得5、pubertyn、青春期6、temptingadj、吸引人得;誘人得;有吸引力得7、celebn、名人(celebrity得縮寫(xiě))8、bloomern、完全成熟得人9、temporaryadj、短暫得;暫時(shí)得;臨時(shí)得10、spurtn、(速度、干勁、活動(dòng)或感情得)短時(shí)激增,迸發(fā)11、permanentlyadv、永久地;永恒地;長(zhǎng)久地12、genen、基因13、embarrassedadj、(人或行為)(尤指在社交場(chǎng)合)窘迫得,尷尬得,害羞得embarrassembarrassedembarrassingembarrassmenttoone'sembarrassmentmuchtoone'sembarrassmenttoone'sgreatembarrassment14、maturev、成熟;長(zhǎng)成maturityimmature15、bulkedupadj、脹大得;發(fā)起來(lái)得16、influencev、影響;對(duì)…起作用influential注意比較benefitbeneficial17、criticizev、批評(píng);批判;挑剔;指責(zé)criticcriticalcriticism18、hurtfuladj、感情得;傷害自尊得19、peern、身份(或地)l相同得人;同齡人;同輩20、racialadj、種族得;種族間得21、ethnicadj、種族得;民族得22、prejudicen、偏見(jiàn);成見(jiàn)23、ignorancen、無(wú)知ignoreignorant24、independentadj、自立得;自食其力得25、boostv、使增長(zhǎng);使興旺26、optimisticadj、樂(lè)觀得;抱樂(lè)觀瞧法得optimistoptimism反義詞:pessimistpessimisticpessimism27、capableadj、有能力得;有才能得incapablecapability28、lifestylen、生活方式;工作方式29、binationn、結(jié)合體;聯(lián)合體;混合體binebined結(jié)合得,化合得30、verifyv、核實(shí);查對(duì);核準(zhǔn)31、ultimatelyadv、最終;最后;終歸32、nutritiousadj、有營(yíng)養(yǎng)得;營(yíng)養(yǎng)豐富得nutritionmalnutrition再如:maltreat,malfunctionPhrasesandExpressions1、put…down使(當(dāng)眾)出丑;使出洋相;讓某人現(xiàn)眼2、gothrough經(jīng)歷;遭受3、belinkedto與…有聯(lián)系4、fillout膨脹;擴(kuò)張;長(zhǎng)胖;長(zhǎng)肥5、feelgood感到愉快(或有信心等)6、keeptrackof了解…得情況(或動(dòng)態(tài))II、TextLearningSelfEsteemandBodyImage1I'mfat、I'mtooskinny、I'dbehappyifIweretaller,shorter,hadcurlyhair,straighthair,asmallernose,biggermuscles,longerlegs、2Doanyofthesestatementssoundfamiliar?(承上句)Areyouusedtoputtingyourselfdown?Ifso,you'renotalone、Asateen,you'regoingthroughatonofchanges(大量得變化)inyourbody、Andasyourbodychanges,sodoesyourimageofyourself、Lotsofpeoplehavetroubleadjusting,andthiscanaffecttheirselfesteem、3WhyAreSelfEsteemandBodyImageImportant?Selfesteemisallabouthowmuchpeoplevaluethemselves,thepridetheyfeelinthemselves,andhowworthwhiletheyfeel、Selfesteemisimportantbecausefeelinggoodaboutyourselfcanaffecthowyouact、Apersonwhohashighselfesteemwillmakefriendseasily,ismoreincontrolofhisorherbehavior,andwillenjoylifemore、Bodyimageishowsomeonefeelsabouthisorherownphysicalappearance、Formanypeople,especiallythoseintheirearlyteens,bodyimagecanbecloselylinkedtoselfesteem、That'sbecauseaskidsdevelopintoteens,theycaremoreabouthowothersseethem、(承上句)4WhatInfluencesaPerson'sSelfEsteem?PubertySometeensstrugglewiththeirselfesteemwhentheybeginpubertybecausethebodygoesthroughmanychanges、(1)Thesechanges,binedwithanaturaldesiretofeelaccepted,meanitcanbetemptingforpeopletoparethemselveswithothers、TheymayparethemselveswiththepeoplearoundthemorwithactorsandcelebstheyseeonTV,inmovies,orinmagazines、本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):1、Thesechanges,binedwithanaturaldesiretofeelaccepted,meanitcanbetemptingforpeopletoparethemselveswithothers、(1)naturaldesire天生得欲望(2)itcanbetempting(吸引人得,誘惑人得)forpeopletoparethemselveswithothers中it就是形式主語(yǔ),真正得主語(yǔ)就是forpeopletoparethemselveswithothers,forpeople作不定式得邏輯主語(yǔ)。注意不定式與動(dòng)名詞邏輯主語(yǔ)得選擇It'sselfishofyoutothinkofyourselfallthetime(您老就是想著自己)、It'simportantforyoutomasteraforeignlanguage(您掌握一門(mén)外語(yǔ))、It's+adj、+ofsb、todosth、此類形容詞包括:nice,kind,cruel,selfish,selfless,brave,wise,foolish,stupid等。Doyoumindmy/me/Tom's/Tomopeningthewindow(我/湯姆開(kāi)窗)?His/Tom'shavinglefthome(她/湯姆離家出走)madehisparentsverysad、請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題,答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)得成績(jī)！【單選題】24、It'sessential______tokeepadictionaryathandwhileyouarereadinganEnglishnovel、lA.thatyoulB.yourlC.ofyoulD.foryou【答案】D【解析】本題考查不定式得邏輯主語(yǔ)。形容詞essential不就是表示人得品質(zhì)、行為得詞,故選擇foryou而不就是ofyou。如果選擇A應(yīng)該把題干中空格后得to去掉,即essential后接用虛擬語(yǔ)氣得從句?！局R(shí)點(diǎn)】不定式得邏輯主語(yǔ)(2)Butit'simpossibletomeasureourselvesagainstothersbecausethechangesthatewithpubertyaredifferentforeveryone、(承上啟下句、主題句)Somepeoplestartdevelopingearly;othersarelatebloomers、Somegetatemporarylayeroffattoprepareforagrowthspurt(急劇增長(zhǎng));othersfilloutpermanently,andstillothersfeelliketheystayskinnynomatterhowmuchtheyeat、(3)Italldependsonhowourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact、(承上總結(jié)句)Thechangesthatewithpubertycanaffecthowbothgirlsandguysfeelaboutthemselves、Somegirlsmayfeelunfortableorembarrassedabouttheirmaturingbodies、Othersmaywishthattheyweredevelopingfaster、Girlsmayfeelpressuretobethinbutguysmayfeelliketheydon'tlookbigormuscularenough、本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn):2、Butit'simpossibletomeasureourselvesagainstothersbecausethechangesthatewithpubertyaredifferentforeveryone、measureoneselfagainst、、、對(duì)照……評(píng)價(jià)自己,一較高下,與……較量3、Italldependsonhowourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact、(1)dependon取決于Itdepends、瞧情況吧。(2)program使按預(yù)定得步驟進(jìn)行ourgeneshaveprogrammedourbodiestoact我們得基因已經(jīng)設(shè)定好了身體將如何成長(zhǎng)OutsideInfluencesIt'snotjustdevelopmentthataffectsselfesteem,though、Manyotherfactors(likemediaimagesofskinnygirlsandbulkedupguys)canaffectaperson'sbodyimagetoo、Familylifecansometimesinfluenceselfesteem、Someparentsspendmoretimecriticizingtheirkidsandthewaytheylookthanpraisingthem,whichcanreducekids'abilitytodevelopgoodselfesteem、Peoplealsomayexperiencenegativementsandhurtfulteasingaboutthewaytheylookfromclassmatesandpeers、Sometimesracialandethnicprejudiceisthesourceofsuchments、Althoughtheseoftenefromignorance,sometimestheycanaffectsomeone'sbodyimageandselfesteem、5HealthySelfEsteemIfyouhaveapositivebodyimage,youprobablylikeandacceptyourselfthewayyouare、Thishealthyattitudeallowsyoutoexploreotheraspectsofgrowingup,suchasdevelopinggoodfriendships,growingmoreindependentfromyourparents,andchallengingyourselfphysicallyandmentally、Developingthesepartsofyourselfcanhelpboostyourselfesteem、Apositive,optimisticattitudecanhelppeopledevelopstrongselfesteem、Forexample,saying,"Hey,I'mhuman"insteadof"Wow,I'msuchaloser"whenyou'vemadeamistake,ornotblamingotherswhenthingsdon'tgoasexpected、Knowingwhatmakesyouhappyandhowtomeetyourgoalscanhelpyoufeelcapable,strong,andincontrolofyourlife、Apositiveattitudeandahealthylifestyle(suchasexercisingandeatingright)areagreatbinationforbuildinggoodselfesteem、6TipsforImprovingYourBodyImageSomepeoplethinktheyneedtochangehowtheylookoracttofeelgoodaboutthemselves、Butactuallyallyouneedtodoischangethewayyouseeyourbodyandhowyouthinkaboutyourself、Thefirstthingtodoisrecognizethatyourbodyisyourown,nomatterwhatshape,size,orcoloritesin、Ifyou'reveryworriedaboutyourweightorsize,checkwithyourdoctortoverifythatthingsareOK、Butit'snoone'sbusinessbutyourownwhatyourbodyislike、Ultimately,youhavetobehappywithyourself、Next,identifywhichaspectsofyourappearanceyoucanrealisticallychangeandwhichyoucan't、Everyone(eventhemostperfectseeming(表面上)celeb)hasthingsaboutthemselvesthattheycan'tchangeandneedtoaccept,liketheirheight,forexample,ortheirshoesize、(4)Iftherearethingsaboutyourselfthatyouwanttochangeandcan(suchashowfityouare),dothisbymakinggoalsforyourself、Forexample,ifyouwanttogetfit,makeaplantoexerciseeverydayandeatnutritiousfoods、Thenkeeptrackofyourprogressuntilyoureachyourgoal、Meetingachallengeyousetforyourselfisagreatwaytoboostselfesteem!本部分重點(diǎn)及難點(diǎn)4、Iftherearethingsaboutyourselfthatyouwanttochangeandcan(suchashowfityouare),dothisbymakinggoalsforyourself、dosth、foroneselfGoodstudentsshouldlearntothinkforthemselves、dosth、byoneselfBecausetherewasnobodyelse,hehadtodoitbyhimself、livetooneselfHeboughtahousenearhiswidowedmother'sbecausehedidn'twanthertolivetoherself、請(qǐng)認(rèn)真答題,答題結(jié)果將記入知識(shí)點(diǎn)測(cè)評(píng)得成績(jī)！【單選題】25、Youareover18now,sotrytocarryoutthetask______oneself、Thatis,pleasetrytodoit_______、lA.by,independentlB.for,independentlylC.to,dependentlylD.in,dependently【答案】B【解析】本題考查for/to/byoneself及dependently/independently。foroneself相當(dāng)于independently,強(qiáng)調(diào)主觀能動(dòng)性,意為"獨(dú)立地";byoneself相當(dāng)于alone,強(qiáng)調(diào)客觀含義,意為"獨(dú)自地"。故本題選擇B,句意為"您已經(jīng)超過(guò)18歲了,所以盡量獨(dú)立完成這樣任務(wù)。也就就是說(shuō),請(qǐng)獨(dú)立做這件事。"【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】for/to/byoneself及dependently/independently重點(diǎn)知識(shí)補(bǔ)充:構(gòu)詞法英語(yǔ)單詞得構(gòu)成有一定得規(guī)律,這種規(guī)律稱為構(gòu)詞法。掌握構(gòu)詞法知識(shí)對(duì)我們更好地理解詞義、認(rèn)識(shí)新詞與擴(kuò)大詞匯量有重要意義。構(gòu)詞法主要有三種:派生法、合成法與轉(zhuǎn)換法。一、派生法在一個(gè)詞得詞根前面或后面加上某個(gè)詞綴來(lái)產(chǎn)生新詞,這種構(gòu)詞法稱為派生法。詞綴分為前綴與后綴。(一)后綴:許多名詞、形容詞、副詞與動(dòng)詞就是由詞根加后綴構(gòu)成得。1、構(gòu)成名詞得常用后綴有:(1)er,or,ist,ee,ian,ese,ant等用于構(gòu)成表示人或物得名稱。如:writer,translator,trainee,employee,scientist,physicist,musician,physician,Italian,Asian,Chinese,assistant等。(2)ance,ence,(a)tion,sion,al,ing,ity,ment,th,ty,ure,ship等用于構(gòu)成表示行為、性質(zhì)、狀態(tài)等得抽象名詞。如:acceptance,assistance,dependence,confidence,repetition,preparation,discussion,division,arrival,survival,approval,disapproval,building,reality,simplicity,ability,rapidity,regularity,argument,warmth,length,growth,safety,leadership,failure,pressure,friendship等。(3)其她名詞后綴:hood,ness,ology,phy。如:childhood,neighborhood(附近,街坊),motherhood(母性,母親身份),kindness,happiness,sadness,biology,psychology,philosophy,geography2、構(gòu)成形容詞得常用后綴有:able,ible,al,ful,less,ish,ive,ous,an,ic,ly,y,ant,ent,ary,en等。如:available,suitable,res