初中英語中考復(fù)習(xí) 江蘇南京卷B-2022年中考英語模擬考場(chǎng)仿真演練卷（全解全析）

年中考英語模擬考場(chǎng)仿真演練卷（江蘇南京卷B）英語·全解全析（考試時(shí)間：90分鐘試卷滿分：90分）注意事項(xiàng)：1.全卷滿分90分?？荚嚂r(shí)間為90分鐘。試題包含選擇題和非選擇題?？忌痤}全部答在答題卡上，答在本試卷上無效。2.請(qǐng)認(rèn)真核對(duì)監(jiān)考教師在答題卡上所粘貼條形碼的姓名、考試證號(hào)是否與本人相符合，再將自己的姓名、考試證號(hào)用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆填寫在答題卡及本試卷上。3.答選擇題必須用2B鉛筆將答題卡上對(duì)應(yīng)的答案標(biāo)號(hào)涂黑。如需改動(dòng)，請(qǐng)用橡皮擦干凈后，再選涂其他答案。答非選擇題必須用0.5毫米黑色墨水簽字筆寫在答題卡的指定位置，在其他位置答題一律無效。選擇題（共40分）一、單項(xiàng)填空（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）從A、B、C、D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。1．Shenzhou-13’sreturncapsule(返回艙)toucheddown________theDongfenglandingsite(東風(fēng)著陸場(chǎng))inNorthChina’sInnerMongoliaautonomousregion________themorningofApril16,2022.A．in;in B．on;on C．a(chǎn)t;on D．a(chǎn)t;in【答案】C【詳解】句意：2022年4月16號(hào)早晨，神州13號(hào)返回艙在中國(guó)北方內(nèi)蒙古自治區(qū)東風(fēng)著陸場(chǎng)著陸?？疾榻樵~。in在……里面；on在……時(shí)候（后接具體時(shí)間）；at在（后接小地點(diǎn)）。根據(jù)“theDongfenglandingsite”可知，此處應(yīng)用at，表示“在東方著陸場(chǎng)”?！皌hemorningofApril16,2022.”為具體的時(shí)間，所以應(yīng)用on。故選C。2．—_________willyourmotherfinishmakingthesalad?—Inabout20minutes.A．Howlong B．Howmuch C．Howsoon D．Howfar【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你媽媽要多久才能做好沙拉?——大約20分鐘后?？疾樘厥庖蓡柧洹owlong多長(zhǎng)，問的是物體的長(zhǎng)度或多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間；Howmuch多少錢，對(duì)價(jià)格提問或者多少，對(duì)不可數(shù)名詞進(jìn)行提問；Howsoon多久以后，對(duì)表示將來的一段時(shí)間進(jìn)行提問；Howfar多遠(yuǎn)，問的是兩地之間的距離。根據(jù)答語“Inabout20minutes.”可知，大約20分鐘后，是對(duì)將來的一段時(shí)間提問，用“Howsoon”提問。故選C。3．Asteachers,wemustask________:Arewepatientenough?Areweknowingstudentswell?A．us B．ourselves C．them D．themselves【答案】B【詳解】句意：作為老師，我們必須反問我們自己：我們是否足夠有耐心？我們是否很好地了解學(xué)生？考查代詞。us我們，賓格；ourselves我們自己，反身代詞；them他們，賓格；themselves他們自己，反身代詞。根據(jù)后文“Arewepatientenough?Areweknowingstudentswell?”可知，老師是在反問自己，故選B。4．Inthemeeting,themanagermentionedtheaccidentstheircarelessnessledto________themhappeningagain.A．prevent B．preventing C．toprevent D．topreventing【答案】C【詳解】句意：在會(huì)議上，經(jīng)理提到了由于他們的粗心大意導(dǎo)致的事故，以防止它們?cè)俅伟l(fā)生。考查非謂語動(dòng)詞。分析“themanagermentionedtheaccidentstheircarelessnessledto...themhappeningagain.”可知，提到事故的目的為了防止再次發(fā)生此類事故，用動(dòng)詞不定式toprevent作目的狀語，故選C。5．—Thesituationischangingfor___________.—Yes.Itseemsthatwehavenochoicebuttoprotectourselves.A．better B．thebetter C．worse D．theworse【答案】D【詳解】句意：——情況正在變得更糟?！堑??？磥砦覀儎e無選擇，只能保護(hù)自己?？疾樾稳菰~比較級(jí)，根據(jù)“Itseemsthatwehavenochoicebuttoprotectourselves.”可知除了保護(hù)自己別無選擇，由此推出情況正變得更糟糕，changefortheworse“惡化；每況愈下”，theworse表示“更壞的情況”。故選D。6．Schoolviolence(暴力)________muchattentionofthewholesocietyandpeoplearecallingonthegovernmenttomakelawsagainstitasearlyaspossible.A．caught B．willcatch C．hascaught D．wascatching【答案】C【詳解】句意：校園暴力已經(jīng)引起社會(huì)的諸多關(guān)注。而且人們正呼吁政府盡可能早的制定法律抵制它?？疾楝F(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。根據(jù)“peoplearecallingonthegovernmenttomakelawsagainstitasearlyaspossible”可知，人們正呼吁政府盡可能早地制定法律抵制它，可知用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)表示校園暴力已經(jīng)引起關(guān)注。故選C。7．—IsyourWeChataccount(賬戶)safe?—Yes,evenmyfathercan’tuseit_________Itellhimthepassword.A．when B．while C．unless D．if【答案】C【詳解】句意：——你的微信賬戶安全么？——是的。甚至我的父親都不能使用它，除非我告訴他密碼?？疾檫B詞。when當(dāng)……；while當(dāng)……，盡管；unless除非；if如果。根據(jù)可知表達(dá)“除非我告訴他密碼我的父親才能使用”，用“unless”引導(dǎo)條件狀語從句。故選C。8．—Jim,I’mstillnotabletousedifferentapps.They’resohard.—Dad,_________.Letmeshowyouoncemore.A．everydoghasitsday B．don’tburnthecandleatbothendsC．youarenevertoooldtolearn D．wheninRome,doastheRomansdo【答案】C【詳解】句意：——吉姆，我還是不能使用不同的應(yīng)用程序。它們太難了?！职?，你要活到老學(xué)到老。讓我再給你看一次。考查常識(shí)和習(xí)語。everydoghasitsday凡人皆有得意日；don’tburnthecandleatbothends蠟燭不能兩頭燒；youarenevertoooldtolearn活到老學(xué)到老；wheninRome,doastheRomansdo入鄉(xiāng)隨俗。根據(jù)上句“Jim,I’mstillnotabletousedifferentapps.They’resohard.”語境可知，應(yīng)是建議爸爸活到老學(xué)到老。故選C。9．The31stSummerWorldUniversityGames________inChengduinJune,2022.Ican’twait!A．wereheld B．willbeheld C．hasbeenheld D．a(chǎn)reheld【答案】B【詳解】句意：第31屆夏季世界大學(xué)生運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)將于2022年6月在成都舉行。我等不及了！考查一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。主語“The31stSummerWorldUniversityGames”是動(dòng)作的承受者，根據(jù)“inJune,2022”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般將來時(shí)，所以用一般將來時(shí)的被動(dòng)語態(tài)。故選B。10．—Couldyoupleasetellmehowtoworkoutthismathsproblem?—Sorry.Ican’tremember________whatMissWangtoldus.A．exactly B．correctly C．really D．properly【答案】A【詳解】句意：——你能告訴我怎么算出這道數(shù)學(xué)題嗎？——對(duì)不起。我沒準(zhǔn)確記住王老師告訴我們的?？疾楦痹~辨析。exactly準(zhǔn)確地；correctly正確地；really真實(shí)地；properly適當(dāng)?shù)?。此空為副詞修飾動(dòng)詞，修飾remember用exactly，表示“準(zhǔn)確地記住”。故選A。11．Parentsshouldnot________theirchildwithothersbecauseeverychildisatreasure.A．complain B．compare C．control D．consider【答案】B【詳解】句意：父母不應(yīng)該拿自己的孩子和別的孩子比較，因?yàn)槊總€(gè)孩子都是一件珍寶?？疾閯?dòng)詞辨析。complain抱怨；compare比較；control控制；consider考慮。根據(jù)“...theirchildwithothers”可知，是把自己的孩子跟別的孩子作比較，compare...with...“比較……與……”。故選B。12．—Wow!Youplayedthispieceofmusicreallywell.Whatisyour________?—Practicemakesperfect!A．choice B．secret C．practice D．progress【答案】B【詳解】句意：——哇！你把這首曲子演奏得很好。你的秘訣是什么？——熟能生巧！考查名詞辨析。choice選擇；secret訣竅；practice訓(xùn)練；progress進(jìn)步。根據(jù)“Practicemakesperfect”可知，是在解釋曲子彈得好的原因，所以對(duì)方是在詢問曲子彈得好的訣竅是什么，故選B。13．—Iwanttotakeacourseinsummercamp.Couldyoutellme________.—You’llstaywithafamilyinavillageandexperiencetheirdailylife.A．whenIshouldpayforthecourse B．whatactivitiescanIhaveC．whatthebestpartofthecourseis D．howlongwillIstayinthevillage【答案】C【詳解】句意：——我想在夏令營(yíng)上一門課。你能告訴我這門課最棒的部分是什么嗎？——你會(huì)和一個(gè)村莊的家庭住在一起，體驗(yàn)他們的日常生活?？疾橘e語從句。此處是賓語從句，用陳述語序，排除BD；根據(jù)答語“You’llstaywithafamilyinavillageandexperiencetheirdailylife.”可知，此處回答的是課程特色，不是時(shí)間，故選C。14．—Lonelinessmaybeoneofthebiggestproblemsinoursocietytheseyears.—_________.Especiallyamongagedparents.Weshouldsparemoretimeforthem.A．Ican’tagreemore B．Idon’tthinksoC．That’sagoodidea D．I’mnotsureifyou’reright【答案】A【詳解】句意：——孤獨(dú)可能是我們社會(huì)近年來最大的問題之一。——我完全同意。尤其是在年老的父母中。我們應(yīng)該為他們多花些時(shí)間。考查情景交際。Ican’tagreemore我完全同意；Idon’tthinkso我不這么認(rèn)為；That’sagoodidea是個(gè)好主意；I’mnotsureifyou’reright我不確定你是否正確。根據(jù)后文“Weshouldsparemoretimeforthem.”可知此處是贊同上文的觀點(diǎn)的。故選A。15．—WehavetocancelthetriptoShanghaithisMayDayholidaybecauseofthespreadofepidemic.—__________.I’mlookingforwardtoit.A．Mypleasure B．Noproblem C．Whatapity D．Nevermind【答案】C【詳解】句意：——由于疫情的蔓延，我們不得不取消這個(gè)五一假期去上海的旅行?！孢z憾。我很期待它?？疾榍榫敖浑H。Mypleasure樂意效勞；Noproblem沒問題；Whatapity真遺憾；Nevermind沒關(guān)系。根據(jù)“Wehavetocancelthetrip”以及“I’mlookingforwardtoit”可知，對(duì)方覺得因疫情取消期待已久的旅行很可惜。故選C。二、完形填空（共10小題；每小題1分，滿分10分）閱讀下面短文，從短文所給各題的四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。OnceIwasamemberofagrouppreparingforaweekofmeetings,Iwalkedintotheroomwheresomevolunteerswere____16____collating(裝訂整理)handouts.IaskedifIcouldhelp.Oneoftheladies____17____said,“Oh,no,thankyou”and____18____meachairtosit.Then,anothervolunteercameintotheroom,sawmesittingtheredoing____19____andsaid,“Hey,Larry,comehere.There’sworktodo,andyoucanhelp.”Heputacoupleofchairstogether,placedtwostacks(疊)ofhandoutsonthemandsaid,“OK,theleftsheetgoesontopoftherightone.”“Fine.Icanhandlethat,”Isaid.Andjustlikethat,Iwasnowpartoftheteam.Thismemberofthegroupsawthatmydisabilitydidnotmeananinability(無能)tohelp.Later,I____20____himforhavingincludedme.Hesaid,“Well,Ithoughtwithonemorepairofhandswe’dfinishmorequickly.Iwasjustusing____21____sense.”I’msurethattheladywhorefusedmyofferofhelpdidnotmeantooffend(冒犯)me.Toooften,peoplewithdisabilitiesarejustnot____22____—withintheircommunityorwithinasocialsetting—becauseoftheirdisabilityandnotbecauseoftheirinability.It’s____23____forallofustofeelthatweareaccepted,appreciatedandvaluedasafullandequalmemberofthegroup.Anditis____24____moreimportantforpeoplewithdisabilities.Itsendsa____25____thatstates:“Tous,yourabilitiesaremoreimportantthanyourdisability.”16．A．close B．busy C．worth D．fun17．A．politely B．a(chǎn)ngrily C．quietly D．suddenly18．A．painted B．moved C．bought D．offered19．A．something B．a(chǎn)nything C．nothing D．everything20．A．a(chǎn)sked B．searched C．paid D．thanked21．A．common B．special C．natural D．strong22．A．noticed B．praised C．included D．educated23．A．interesting B．important C．curious D．nervous24．A．quite B．even C．rather D．enough25．A．message B．letter C．note D．sign【答案】16．B17．A18．D19．C20．D21．A22．C23．B24．B25．A【解析】本文主要講述了一個(gè)身有殘疾的作者一開始被拒，最后還是加入了該志愿者組織的故事。16．句意：我走進(jìn)一個(gè)房間，那里有一些志愿者正忙著整理講義。close接近的；busy忙碌的；worth值得的；fun有趣的。根據(jù)“OnceIwasamemberofagrouppreparingforaweekofmeetings”及“collating(裝訂整理)handouts”可知，這些人正在忙著準(zhǔn)備開會(huì)用的講義，故選B。17．句意：一位女士禮貌地說：“哦，不用了，謝謝?！比缓笳?qǐng)我坐下。politely禮貌地；angrily生氣地；quietly安靜地；suddenly突然。根據(jù)“Oh,no,thankyou”可知，是禮貌地拒絕了，故選A。18．句意：一位女士禮貌地說：“哦，不用了，謝謝?！比缓笳?qǐng)我坐下。painted涂；moved移動(dòng)；bought買；offered提供。根據(jù)“...meachairtosit”可知，此處是offersbsth短語，意為“提供某人某物”，故選D。19．句意：然后，另一個(gè)志愿者走進(jìn)房間，看到我坐在那里無所事事，他說，“嘿，拉里，過來。有工作要做，你可以幫忙?！眘omething某事；anything任何事；nothing沒有事；everything每件事。根據(jù)“There’sworktodo,andyoucanhelp.”可知，叫作者去幫忙，因?yàn)樽髡攥F(xiàn)在無事可做，故選C。20．句意：我感謝他接納了我。asked詢問；searched尋找；paid支付；thanked感謝。根據(jù)“Thismemberofthegroupsawthatmydisabilitydidnotmeananinability(無能)tohelp.”可知，因?yàn)槟俏恢驹刚叩膸兔φ?qǐng)求，讓作者的作用得以體現(xiàn)，所以作者對(duì)那位志愿者表示了感謝。故選D。21．句意：我只是在憑借常識(shí)做出判斷。common平常的；special特別的；natural自然的；strong強(qiáng)壯的。根據(jù)“Ithoughtwithonemorepairofhandswe’dfinishmorequickly.”可知，根據(jù)常識(shí)，多一雙手的人會(huì)比失去雙手的人做事更快。commonsense意為“常識(shí)”，故選A。22．句意：殘疾人只是因?yàn)樗麄兊臍埣捕皇且驗(yàn)樗麄兊臒o能而沒有融入他們的社區(qū)或社會(huì)環(huán)境。noticed注意到；praised贊揚(yáng)；included包括；educated教育。根據(jù)“It’s…forallofustofeelthatweareaccepted,appreciatedandvaluedasafullandequalmemberofthegroup.”可知，作者認(rèn)為被團(tuán)體接納是一件很重要的事，故此處指的是殘疾人只是因?yàn)樗麄兊臍埣捕皇且驗(yàn)樗麄兊臒o能而沒有融入他們的社區(qū)或社會(huì)環(huán)境，故選C。23．句意：對(duì)于我們所有人來說，作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體中完全平等的成員而被接受、欣賞和重視的感覺是很重要的。interesting有趣的；important重要的；curious好奇的；nervous緊張的。根據(jù)“Anditis...moreimportantforpeoplewithdisabilities.”可知，作為一個(gè)團(tuán)體中完全平等的成員而被接受、欣賞和重視的感覺是很重要的，故選B。24．句意：對(duì)殘疾人來說，這一點(diǎn)更為重要。quite十分；even甚至；rather而不是；enough足夠。根據(jù)“Anditis...moreimportantforpeoplewithdisabilities.”可知，此處修飾形容詞比較級(jí)moreimportant，強(qiáng)調(diào)遞進(jìn)關(guān)系，故選B。25．句意：它傳達(dá)了一個(gè)信息。message信息；letter信件；note筆記；sign標(biāo)識(shí)。根據(jù)“Itsendsa…thatstates:‘Tous,yourabilitiesaremoreimportantthanyourdisability.’”可知，此處介紹了它傳到了一個(gè)什么樣的信息，故選A。三、閱讀理解（共15小題；每小題1分，滿分15分）閱讀下列材料，從每題所給四個(gè)選項(xiàng)（A、B、C和D）中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)，并在答題卡上將該項(xiàng)涂黑。ADidyouknowthatalargenumberofpeoplegetsickfromfoodborneillnesseachyear?Luckily,foodborneillnesscanbeprevented.Followthesethreeeasyrulestohelpyou.◆SEPARATEraw（生的）meatandeggsfromotheritemsinyourrefrigerator.Ifpossible,useadifferentcuttingboardforrawmeatproducts.Thiswillreducethechanceofbacteria’s（細(xì)菌）spreadfromonefoodtoanother.◆CHILL（冷藏）foodstokeepbacteriafromgrowing.Bacteriaareabletogrowquicklyatroomtemperature,sokeepfreshfoodsintherefrigeratortolimitthisrisk.◆COOKyourfoodtoahighenoughtemperaturetokillharmfulbacteriathatmayleadtoillness.Useathermometertomakesureyourfoodshavereachedasafetemperature.Hereisachartforyoutouseasafoodtemperatureguide.FoodLowestTemperature(℉)FoodLowestTemperature(℉)Steaks145PorkofBeef160Eggs160Fish145Chickenandturkey165Leftovers165Whichofthefollowingfoodscanbeputtogetherinarefrigerator?A．Eggsandpotatoes. B．Rawfishandtomatoes.C．Rawbeefandrawpork. D．Rawchickenandapples.27．Fishshouldbecookedatleastabovethetemperatureof_________.A．140℉ B．145℉ C．160℉ D．165℉28．Whichpartofamagazineisthepassageprobablyfrom?A．HealthyLife B．TravelGuide C．HistoryCharacter D．NaturalWorld【答案】26．C27．B28．A【解析】本文主要講述了預(yù)防食源性疾病的方法。26．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“SEPARATEraw（生的）meatandeggsfromotheritemsinyourrefrigerator”可知將生肉和雞蛋與冰箱中的其他物品分開，C選項(xiàng)“生牛肉和生豬肉”可以放在冰箱里，故選C。27．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)圖表“Fish145℉”可知做魚的溫度至少要高于華氏145度，故選B。28．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Didyouknowthatalargenumberofpeoplegetsickfromfoodborneillnesseachyear?Luckily,foodborneillnesscanbeprevented”可知本文主要講述了預(yù)防食源性疾病方法，所以很有可能在雜志上的健康的生活部分看到，故選A。BDuringtheBeijing2022WinterOlympics,athletesfromallovertheworldbrokebothpersonalandOlympicrecords.High-techelementshavebeengiving“wings”tothesehard-workingathletes,helpingthembecome“faster,higher,stronger,together”.TheNationalSpeedSkatingOval(theIceRibbon)saw12newOlympicrecordsandoneworldrecord,includingChinesespeedskaterGaoTingyu’sOlympicrecordof34.32secondsinthemen’s500meters.

Knownas“thefastestice”,the12,000-square-meterrinkhasreceivedverygoodfeedback(反饋)fromtheathletes.“Itmakeseveryoneskatefaster,”GaoTingyusaidafterhebaggedthegold.Thesecretbehindisanewcarbondioxideice-makingtechnology.Speed-skatingrequiresaveryflaticesurface.Iftheicesurfacetemperaturedoesn’tchangemuch,theicestaysflatter.Flaticeiseasiertoskateon.Liquidcarbondioxidewasputundertheiceforthefirsttime.Itcooledtheiceandkeptthetemperaturechangesonthesurfacewithinjusthalfofonedegree.Ineventslikefreestyleskiingandskijumping,thedirectionandspeedofthewindcouldlargelyaffectathletes’performance.AresearchteamfromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesdevelopedawindmeasuringsystemusingAItechnology.“Someeventsonlylastafewseconds,andthewindischangingallthetime.Thissystemallowsathletesandcoachesto‘see’winddirectlythroughreal-timedataontheirpads,anddecidewhenandwheretojump,”theteamleaderShaoYuntoldBeijingDaily.Therearemanymorehigh-techelementsthatboostathleticperformance,includingdrag-reducingsportswear,smartbedsthatmassageathletes,androbotsthatcook.AllthesehelpedkeepChina’spromisetoholdan“athlete-centered”O(jiān)lympics,saidZhaoWeidong,thespokespersonoftheBeijingorganizingcommittee.29．Theunderlined“it”inParagraph3refersto_________________.A．therecord B．theicerink C．thegoldmedal D．thetemperature30．ThesystemfromtheChineseAcademyofScienceshelpsathletes_________________.A．measurewindmorecorrectly B．controlthespeedofthewindC．changethedirectionofthewind D．recordtheirjumpsinrealtime31．WhatdoweknowfromthewordsofZhaoWeidong?A．OthercountrieslookatChinawithneweyes.B．The2022BeijingWinterOlympicswerethebestever.C．The2022BeijingWinterOlympicswereathlete-centered.D．ChinaisexpectedtoholdanotherWinterOlympicssoon.【答案】29．B30．A31．C【解析】本文是一篇說明文，主要介紹了北京冬奧會(huì)使用的相關(guān)技術(shù)。29．詞句猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)“the12,000-square-meterrinkhasreceivedverygoodfeedback(反饋)fromtheathletes.

”可知，此處的it是指代之前提到的溜冰場(chǎng)，故選B。30．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AresearchteamfromtheChineseAcademyofSciencesdevelopedawindmeasuringsystemusingAItechnology.”可知，這個(gè)系統(tǒng)是用來準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量風(fēng)的，故選A。31．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“AllthesehelpedkeepChina’spromisetoholdan“athlete-centered”O(jiān)lympics,saidZhaoWeidong”可知，趙衛(wèi)東說，中國(guó)舉辦的奧運(yùn)會(huì)是“以運(yùn)動(dòng)員為中心”的，故選C。COver6millionpeoplehavelosttheirlivesbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic(大流行病)sinceitbrokeout,aboutonesixthofthemfromtheUS.Vaccination(接種疫苗)isasimple,safeandeffectivewaytoprotectusfromit.▲Vaccines(疫苗)“l(fā)ook”exactlythesameastheviruses,buttheirvirusesareweakenedorkilled.Theywillnotmakeusreallyill.Theyonlyactivateourimmunesystemtowork.OurimmunesystemwillthensendBcellstofindandkilltheviruses.Scientistshavedevelopedmorethan180vaccinestofightagainstCOVID-19.Thesevaccinesaremadeindifferentways,buttheirinfluenceisthesame.Forexample,ininactivatedvaccine(滅活疫苗),thevirusesarealreadykilled.Whentheimmunesystem“sees”them,itwilltrytokillthem.ButBcellsneedmoresuchvirusestorememberthem.That’swhyweneedtotakethevaccinemorethanonetime.Thoughthisvaccineissafe,itmightnotbeaseffectiveasitisexpectedtobe.Theliveattenuatedvaccine(減毒活疫苗)isdifferent.Inthisvaccine,thevirusesarealive,butareweakened.Theycanproduceenoughnewvirusestotraintheimmunesystem(免疫系統(tǒng))tokillandrememberthem.Sopeopleonlyneedtotakethevaccineonce.Theliveattenuatedvaccineisconsideredthemosteffective,butthereisaworry:whatmighthappenoncetheseviruseswakeup?AlthoughvaccinationisoneofthebestwaystoprotectusfromCOVID-19,itcanbebetter.32．HowmanyAmericanshavediedfromtheCOVID-19pandemic?A．Over6million B．About2million C．About2million D．Aboutonemillion33．WhichofthefollowingcanbeputatthebeginningofParagraph2?A．VaccinationcanprovideuswithBcells. B．Vaccinesaremadefromdifferentviruses.C．Vaccinationcanprepareusagainstviruses. D．Vaccineswon’tmakeusillasthevirusesdo.34．HowistheliveattenuatedvaccinedifferentfromtheInactivatedvaccine?A．Itisequallysafe. B．Itismoreeffective.C．Itneedstakingmorethanonce. D．Ithasvirusesthatarekilled.35．Whatcanwelearnfromthepassage?A．VaccinationisgoodenoughtotreatCOVID-19.B．Thevirusininactivatedvaccinescanmakenewviruses.C．180vaccineshavebeendevelopedtofightagainstdiseases.D．Theimmunesystemcanbecomemoreeffectivewiththehelpofvaccines.【答案】32．D33．C34．B35．D【解析】本文介紹滅活和減毒新冠疫苗的作用機(jī)理。32．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Over6millionpeoplehavelosttheirlivesbecauseoftheCOVID-19pandemic(大流行病)sinceitbrokeout,aboutonesixthofthemfromtheUS.”可知全球有大約六百萬人死亡，其中六分之一是美國(guó)的，因此有大約一百萬。故選D。33．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“accines(疫苗)“l(fā)ook”exactlythesameastheviruses,buttheirvirusesareweakenedorkilled.”可知本段開始介紹疫苗，C選項(xiàng)“疫苗能夠幫我們防御病毒”符合。故選C。34．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theliveattenuatedvaccineisconsideredthemosteffective,”可知減毒疫苗是最有效的，因此比滅活疫苗有效。故選B。35．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theywillnotmakeusreallyill.Theyonlyactivateourimmunesystemtowork.OurimmunesystemwillthensendBcellstofindandkilltheviruses.”可知疫苗是唯一可以激活我們免疫系統(tǒng)工作的，因此可推測(cè)在疫苗的幫助下，免疫系統(tǒng)會(huì)更有效。故選D。DThesecondliveclassfromChina’sspacestationwasheldintheafternoonofMar.23,deliveredbyShenzhou-13crew(機(jī)組)membersZhaiZhigang,WangYapingandYeGuangfutostudentsonEarth.Wangperformedseveralscientificexperiments.Inoneexperiment,WangusedatoyofBingDwenDwen,thepopularmascot(吉祥物)ofthe2022BeijingWinterOlympics,toshowhowobjectsflyinaweightless(失重的)environment.Theyalsoshowedstudentstwopiecesofcutting-edgescientificequipmentinsidethespacestation.HundredsofstudentsinBeijing,LhasaandUrumqiwatchedtheevent.Beforeendingtheclass,theastronautsansweredquestionstakenfrommembersofthepublicandraisedbystudents.Thequestionscoveredvariousfacetsoflifeandworkinspace,suchashowtotakecareoftheirskin,whetherhotwaterisavailable,ifthemoonlooksdifferentfromtheTiangongstation,andhowtearsmoveinamicrogravitational(微重力)environment.PangZhihao,aretiredspaceflightresearcherfromtheChinaAcademyofSpaceTechnologyandauthorofseveralspace-themedbooks,saidtheclasswillbean“eye-opener”foryoungsters,especiallystudents,byimplantingtheloveofscienceandcreativityinthem.“Manywell-knownscientistswerecreatedbytheirinterestandcuriosityabout‘strangethings’.Theexperimentsdonebytheastronautswillput‘questionmarks’inourstudents’minds,andtheyoungsterswillthenmovetofindanswersandexploremoreplacesunknowntohumankind,”hesaid.36．Whatquestionsdidthestudentsnotaskintheevent?A．Whethercoldwaterisavailable.B．Howtotakecareofcrewmembers’skin.C．IfthemoonlooksdifferentfromtheTiangongstation.D．Howtearsmoveinamicrogravitationalenvironment.37．Whatdoestheunderlinedword“facets”mean?A．parts B．faces C．problems D．questions38．WhichofthefollowingisTRUEaccordingtothetext?A．PangZhihaoisoneofShenzhou-13crewmembers.B．Studentsraisedquestionsforcrewmembersabouthowtotakecareoftheireyes.C．ThousandsofstudentsinBeijing,LhasaandUrumqiwatchedtheevent.D．Shenzhou-13membersshowedstudentstwopiecesofcutting-edgescientificequipment.39．WhatdoesPangZhihaothinkoftheclassfromChina’sspacestation?A．Itcanimplanttheloveofscienceandcreativityinstudents.B．Itwillencouragestudentstobeastronauts.C．ItwasheldforstudentsinBeijing,LhasaandWuhan.D．Itwillbean“eye-opener”foryoungsters,especiallyteenagers.40．Whatisthetheme(主題)ofthetext?A．Nature. B．Culture. C．Sports. D．Space.【答案】36．A37．A38．D39．A40．D【解析】本文介紹翟志剛，王亞平，葉光富三位宇航員在太空上授課，向同學(xué)們展示失重環(huán)境中的一些知識(shí)。36．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“Thequestionscoveredvariousfacetsoflifeandworkinspace,suchashowtotakecareoftheirskin,whetherhotwaterisavailable,ifthemoonlooksdifferentfromtheTiangongstation,andhowtearsmoveinamicrogravitational(微重力)environment.”可知，問題包括如何護(hù)理皮膚、是否有熱水、月球與天宮站的外觀是否不同，以及眼淚在微重力環(huán)境下如何運(yùn)動(dòng)。故選A。37．詞句猜測(cè)題。分析“Thequestionscoveredvariousfacetsoflifeandworkinspace”及后文提到的問題可知，這些問題涉及太空生活和工作的各個(gè)方面，此處“facets”的意思是“各方面”，與part語意相近，故選A。38．推理判斷題。根據(jù)“Theyalsoshowedstudentstwopiecesofcutting-edgescientificequipmentinsidethespacestation.”可知，他們還向?qū)W生們展示了空間站內(nèi)的兩件尖端科學(xué)設(shè)備。故選D。39．細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)“theclasswillbean“eye-opener”foryoungsters,especiallystudents,byimplantingtheloveofscienceandcreativityinthem”可知，通過在學(xué)生中灌輸對(duì)科學(xué)和創(chuàng)造力的熱愛，這門課將使年輕人，尤其是學(xué)生“大開眼界”，故選A。40．主旨大意題。本文介紹翟志剛，王亞平，葉光富三位宇航員在太空上授課，向同學(xué)們展示太重環(huán)境中的一些知識(shí)，主題是關(guān)于太空，故選D。非選擇題（共50分）四、填空（共15小題，每小題1分，滿分15分）A）根據(jù)括號(hào)中所給的漢語寫出單詞，使句子意思完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為41—45的相應(yīng)位置上。41．China______(命名)itsfirstMarsrover(火星車)“Zhurong”,afiregodinancientChinesestories,at2021ChinaSpaceConferenceinNanjingonApril24.【答案】named【詳解】句意：4月24日，在南京舉行的2021年中國(guó)航天大會(huì)上，中國(guó)將其首個(gè)火星探測(cè)器命名為“祝融”，即中國(guó)古代故事中的火神。name“命名”，根據(jù)“onApril24”可知，時(shí)態(tài)是一般過去時(shí)，動(dòng)詞用過去式，故填named。42．Itappearsthata______（溫度）ofaround70℃iseffectiveatkillingthevirus.【答案】temperature【詳解】句意：看來70℃左右的溫度可以有效地殺死病毒。temperature“溫度”，atemperatureof“……的溫度”，故填temperature。43．The________carsthereare,thelesspollutionwehave.(少)【答案】fewer【詳解】句意：汽車越少，污染就越少。根據(jù)“The…carsthereare,thelesspollutionwehave.”可知，本題考查的是比較級(jí)句型：the+比較級(jí)，the+比較級(jí)“越……，就越……”。根據(jù)“cars”車可知，是可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式，修飾它的形容詞“少的”應(yīng)是few，其比較級(jí)是fewer。故填fewer。44．Plentyofyoungpeopleareinterestedintheicesportsevents,suchastheshort-trackspeedskating.Butwehavetolearnhowtodoit___________(恰當(dāng)?shù)?beforewetryit.【答案】properly【詳解】句意：許多年輕人對(duì)冰上運(yùn)動(dòng)項(xiàng)目感興趣，比如短道速滑。但在嘗試之前，我們必須學(xué)會(huì)如何恰當(dāng)?shù)厝プ?。properly“恰當(dāng)?shù)亍保痹~修飾動(dòng)詞“do”。故填properly。45．—DoyouknowthatgirlwhoisspeakingtoMr.Wang?—Yes,she’sTina.I’mafriendof________（她的）.【答案】hers【詳解】句意：——你認(rèn)識(shí)和王老師說話的女孩嗎？——是的，她是Tina。我是她的一個(gè)朋友。of后應(yīng)該填名詞或者名詞性物主代詞，hers表示“她的”。故填hers。B）根據(jù)句子意思，用括號(hào)中所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為46—50的相應(yīng)位置上。46．LuoyangMuseumofAncientArtcatches________(visit)eyeswithaseriesofmysterytreasure.【答案】visitors’【詳解】句意：洛陽古代藝術(shù)博物館以一系列神秘的珍品吸引了游客的眼球。根據(jù)“withaseriesofmysterytreasure.”可知，此處是吸引了游客的眼球，短語catchone’seyes“吸引某人的眼球”，visit“參觀”，是動(dòng)詞，此處用名詞復(fù)數(shù)的所有格，visitor“游客”，此處是復(fù)數(shù)所有格，故填visitors’。47．Sometravelcompanieswill_________(probable)havetogooutofbusinessthisspring.【答案】probably【詳解】句意：一些旅行公司可能不得不在這個(gè)春天歇業(yè)。根據(jù)句意和所給詞匯可知，此處指可能歇業(yè)，應(yīng)用副詞修飾動(dòng)詞“havetogooutofbusiness”，probable的副詞形式是“probably”。故填probably。48．—Didn’tyougotoJenny’sbirthdaypartylastThursdaynight?—No.I________(prepare)forthespeechthatIwouldgivethenextday.【答案】waspreparing【詳解】句意：——上星期四晚上你沒有去珍妮的生日聚會(huì)嗎？——是的。我正在為第二天的演講做準(zhǔn)備。根據(jù)時(shí)間狀語“l(fā)astThursdaynight”可知，此處是過去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)，即was/were+V-ing。主語是“I”，be動(dòng)詞用was。故填waspreparing。49．Tomislookingforwardtohis________birthday.(twenty)【答案】twentieth【詳解】句意：湯姆期待著他二十歲的生日。根據(jù)“...his...birthday.”和提示詞可知，此處是指“他的第二十個(gè)生日”，用序數(shù)詞表示順序，基數(shù)詞twenty對(duì)應(yīng)的序數(shù)詞為twentieth。故填twentieth。50．Heisa(n)________boysopeopleseldombelievewhathesays.(honest)【答案】dishonest【詳解】句意：他是個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩，所以人們很少相信他的話。根據(jù)“...peopleseldombelievewhathesays.”和提示詞可知，人們很少相信他說的話，由此可知他應(yīng)是一個(gè)不誠(chéng)實(shí)的男孩，此空應(yīng)填形容詞“honest”的反義詞“dishonest（不誠(chéng)實(shí)的）”作定語修飾其后的名詞“boy”。故填dishonest。C）根據(jù)短文內(nèi)容，從下面方框中選擇適當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~或短語填空，使對(duì)話內(nèi)容完整正確，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為51—55的相應(yīng)位置上。lasting

ancient

through

turnsout

plentyofStoriesspeakofourdreams,hopes,andfutures.Somewritershavespent____51____timewritingthem.Theyshouldbeenjoyedslowly.LongbeforetherewasTV,theInternetoreventhetelephone,peoplesharedideas,informationandmemory____52____stories.However,modernsocietyisgettingnoisier.Itmovesusfasterandfasterbeyondtimeandspace.Sometimesit’sgoodwithsomethingslower.It____53____thatreadingslowlyisagift,becauseitleadstoalifeoflookingcloselyattheworld.Sometimeswereadtounderstandthefutureorthepast.Wereadtoforgetthehardtimeswe’relivingin,torememberpeoplein____54____times,whometsomethingmoredifficult.Wereadslowlytorespectthewriterandthestory’s____55____power.Andreadingslowlyhelpstogetawayfromthenoiseandrememberthosewhocamebeforeus.Theywereprobablytheearliestpeoplewhofinallylearnedtousefireandfoundtheirnewpoweroflightandheat.【答案】51．plentyof52．through53．turnsout54．a(chǎn)ncient55．lasting【解析】本文主要敘說了閱讀對(duì)人生的重要意義，故事的生產(chǎn)與閱讀關(guān)乎自我認(rèn)知，遍及現(xiàn)實(shí)生活和未來想象，給人們以力量。51．句意：一些作家花了大量的時(shí)間來寫它們。time前缺少定語，此處表示花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間寫故事，備選詞plentyof意為“許多”，符合語境。故填plentyof。52．句意：在電視、互聯(lián)網(wǎng)甚至電話出現(xiàn)之前，人們通過故事來分享想法、信息和記憶。根據(jù)“peoplesharedideas,informationandmemory...stories”可知此處講人們通過故事分享想法、信息和記憶，through通過，符合語境。故填through。53．句意：事實(shí)證明，慢慢閱讀是一種禮物，因?yàn)樗鼤?huì)讓你一生都在仔細(xì)觀察這個(gè)世界。Itturnsoutthat...原來……，結(jié)果證明……。故填turnsout。54．句意：我們讀書是為了忘記我們所處的艱難時(shí)代，是為了記住古代的人們，他們遇到了更困難的事情。根據(jù)“torememberpeoplein...times”可知此處指記住某個(gè)時(shí)代的人們，備選詞ancient意為“古代的”，符合語境。故填ancient。55．句意：我們慢慢地閱讀，以尊重作者和故事的持久力量。根據(jù)“thestory’s...power”可推出此處指故事的某種力量，結(jié)合備選詞可知lasting持久的，符合語境，此處講故事的持久力量。故填lasting。五、閱讀填空（共20小題，每小題1分，滿分20分）A）閱讀下面短文，根據(jù)所讀內(nèi)容，在文章后第56—65小題的空格里填入一個(gè)最恰當(dāng)?shù)膯卧~，并將答案填寫在答題卡標(biāo)號(hào)為56—65的相應(yīng)位置上。注意：每個(gè)空格只填1個(gè)單詞。Dreamsandgoalsareimportantbecausetheygiveusaruleragainstwhichtomeasureourprogress.Butprogress,notmeetingagoal,iswhatbringstruehappiness.Afterwinningthesilvermedalinwomen’ssinglefigureskatingatBeijing2022,AlexandraTrusovawasheardscreamingthatshehatedthesport.Eventhegoldmedalist,AnnaShcherbakova,saidthat“thishasbeenwhatI’vebeenworkingtowardeveryday...”Youcanfeelinherwordstheemptinessinherheart.Thiskindofpressuremightbedifficultforyoutoimagine.Afterall,youprobablyaren’tanOlympicathlete.Buthaveyoueverconnectedyourhappinesstoafar-offgoalthatyoucouldachieveonlybyputtinggreateffortsintoit?Maybeit’sfinishingadegreeorgainingacertainamountofincome.Researchershavefoundthatsatisfactionisbroughtaboutnotbybigwins,butratherbymakingprogressinmeaningfulwork.Someresearchershavearguedthatwhenagoalisthefinalpointforprogress,thesuddenstopistheprocessofforwardcanleadtoafeelingofemptiness,whichisexactlywhatShcherbakovadescribedinBeijing.Thisdoesn’tmeanthatyoushouldgiveupallgoals,however.Youjustneedtounderstandandpursuethemindifferentways.?Enjoythejourneynotthedestination.Insteadofchasingagoalwithasingleeye,thinkmoreonaboutwhetheryou’regettinganythingoutofyourprogressrightnow.?Thinkaboutthepurposeofyourgoals.Thepointofausefulgoalistoimproveyourqualityoflifebychanging,nottolimp（艱難地移動(dòng)）acrossthefinishlineandstopafteradifficultchallenge.?Takeonestepatatime.Researchershavefoundthatcommon,smallachievementshelptostartacycleofsuccessandhappinessmuchmorethanrare,bigones.Makesureyou