分詞作狀語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)換

1、狀語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞be時(shí)：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句中的連接詞與主語(yǔ)并把be改為being.即可。Asheisatailor,heknowswhattodowiththismaterial.—Beingatailor,heknowswhattodowiththismaterial.從句的主句主語(yǔ)與從句主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，只要保留從句的主語(yǔ)，其它變化同以上1.1。Asheisstillachild,youshouldn'tbetoohardonhim.—Hebeingstillachild,youshouldn'tbetoohardonhim.當(dāng)從句是否定句時(shí)，只要在being前加否定詞not，其它變化同以上1.2。Ashewasnotallenough,hecouldn'treachfortheapple.—Nobeingtallenough,hecouldn'treachfortheapple.2、當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)（現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)或過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)態(tài)）時(shí):當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句中的引導(dǎo)詞與主語(yǔ)并去掉助動(dòng)詞be保留現(xiàn)在分詞即可。有時(shí)為了強(qiáng)調(diào)進(jìn)行狀態(tài)，亦在分詞前保留being.Whilehewasreadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime.—Whilereadingthebook,henoddedfromtimetotime當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，除保留從句主語(yǔ)外，其他變化同以上2.1Whenhewasgivingatelephonecall,hiswifewasreadinganovel.—Hegivingatelephonecall,hiswifewasreadinganovel當(dāng)從句是含not的否定句時(shí)，只要在being前加否定詞not，其它變化同以上1.1與2.2AsTomisnotworkinginhisoffice,Noonereceivesthetelephone.—Tomnotworkinginhisoffice,noonereceivesthetelephone.3、當(dāng)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為一般時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)）的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句主語(yǔ)并將實(shí)義動(dòng)詞改為現(xiàn)在分詞即可Lookroundwhenyoucrossthestreet.—Lookroundwhencrossingthestreet.當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，只要保留主語(yǔ)，其他變化同以上3.1Whentheylefttheairport,wewavedagainandagaintothem.—Theyleavingtheairport,wewavedagainandagaintothem.當(dāng)從句是含not的否定句時(shí)，只要在現(xiàn)在分詞前加not，其他變化同以上3.1與3.2Ashedidn'tknowanythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.—.Notknowinganythingabouttheaccident,hewenttoworkasusual.4、當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一般時(shí)態(tài)（一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)與一般過(guò)去時(shí)）的被動(dòng)態(tài)時(shí)：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句中的連詞與主語(yǔ)并去掉be保留過(guò)去分詞即可。Astheteacherwassurroundedtightlybyagroupofstudents,hecouldn'tgetaway.—Surroundedtightlybyagroupofstudentstheteachercouldn'tgetaway.當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，只要保留主語(yǔ)，其他變化同以上4.1A.Asthecarwastrappedinthesand,wehadtogoforhelp.—Thecartrappedinthesand,wehadtogoforhelp.當(dāng)從句是含not的否定句時(shí)，只要在過(guò)去分詞前加not外，其他變化同以上4.1與4.2Ashewasnotkilleddeadinthefield,heescapedattheverynight.—Notkilleddeadinthefield,heescapedattheverynight.5、當(dāng)從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是完成時(shí)態(tài)（現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)與過(guò)去完成時(shí)）時(shí)：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句中的連詞與主語(yǔ)并將had/has/have改為having即可。Afterthewriterhadfinishedthebook,hetriedtofindapublisher.—Havingfinishedthebook,thewritertriedtofindapublisher.當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，除保留從句主語(yǔ)外，其他變化同以上5.1Asthestormhaddestroyedtheirhut,theyhadtoliveinacave.—Thestormhavingdestroyedtheirhut,theyhadtoliveinacave.當(dāng)從句是含not的否定句時(shí)，除在having前加not外，其他變化同以上5.1與5.2。Ashehadnotreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.—Nothavingreceivedareply,hedecidedtowriteagain.6、當(dāng)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)完成式時(shí)：當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同時(shí)，只要去掉從句中的連詞與hadbeen/havebeen/hasbeen并保留過(guò)去分詞即可，有時(shí)也可只去掉從句中的連詞與主語(yǔ)并將從句中的have/had/has改為Having，這種方式是為了強(qiáng)調(diào)完成。Ifthetreeshadbeengivenmoreattention,theycouldhavegrownbetter.—(Havingbeen)Givenmoreattention,thetreeswouldhavegrownbetter.當(dāng)從句與主句的主語(yǔ)不同時(shí)，只要保留主語(yǔ)，其他變化同以上6.1Althoughthesentencehadbeenexplainedagainandagain,thestudentsdidn'tseemtounderstandityet.—Thesentence(havingbeen)explainedagainandagain,thestudentsdidn'tseemtounderstandityet.當(dāng)從句是含not的否定句時(shí)，只要在過(guò)去分詞前加not或在havingbeen前加not外，其他變化同以上6.1與6.2Astheoldmanhadn'tbeentakengoodcareof,hewasn'tlivingahappylife.—Not(havingbeen)takengoodcareof,theoldmanwasn'tlivingahappylife.7.當(dāng)句子謂語(yǔ)是一個(gè)由and連接的并列動(dòng)詞時(shí)，為了強(qiáng)調(diào)兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，只要去掉and并將另一個(gè)動(dòng)詞改為現(xiàn)在分詞即可.Theyoftensatintheshadeandsmokedacigaretteinthelateafternoon.—Theyoftensatintheshadeinthelateafternoon,smokingacigarette.使用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的幾點(diǎn)注意獨(dú)立主格與狀語(yǔ)從句的轉(zhuǎn)換當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句的主語(yǔ)不是指同一個(gè)對(duì)象時(shí)，可用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)取代狀語(yǔ)從句，但不再保留連詞。如：Afterclasswasover(=Classbeingover/Classover),thestudentssoonlefttheclassroom.下課后，學(xué)生很快離開(kāi)了教室。不能省略being(havingbeen)的情形在下列兩種情況下，獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中的being(或havingbeen)不能省略：獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)的邏輯主語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)。如：ItbeingSunday,wewenttochurch.因?yàn)槭切瞧谔?，我們?nèi)チ俗龆Y拜。(2)在Therebeing+名詞的結(jié)構(gòu)中。如：Therebeingnobus,wehadtogohomeonfoot.因?yàn)闆](méi)有公共汽車(chē)，所以我們不得不步行回家。通常不用物主代詞或冠詞在“名詞(或代詞)＋介詞短語(yǔ)”構(gòu)成的獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，一般不用形容詞性物主代詞和冠詞。如：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,bookinhand.史密斯先生走進(jìn)了課室，手里拿著一本書(shū)。比較with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：MissSmithenteredtheclassroom,withabookinhishand.獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)沒(méi)有所有格形式Thechief-editorarriving,webeganthemeeting.主編來(lái)了，我們開(kāi)始開(kāi)會(huì)。比較動(dòng)名詞復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：Thechief-editor’sarrivingmadeusverysurprised.獨(dú)立主格的時(shí)態(tài)問(wèn)題獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)作時(shí)間或原因狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，可用完成時(shí)，表示該動(dòng)作發(fā)生在謂語(yǔ)之前。如：Thelistenershavingtakentheirseats,theconcertbegan.聽(tīng)眾坐好后，音樂(lè)會(huì)開(kāi)始了。Tomhavingbeenlateoverandover,hisbosswasverydisappointed,由于湯姆一再遲至U,他的老板非常失望?！灸M試題】一、單項(xiàng)填空－Oh,it’syou,Steve!Iyou.－Nosurprising.I’vejusthadmyhaircut.A.don’trecognizeB.haven’trecognizedC.didn’trecognizeD.hadn’trecognizedThepeople,hadbeendamagedbytheflood,weregivenhelpbytheRedCross.A.allwhosehomesB.allofwhosehomesC.alltheirhomesD.alloftheirhomesI’mgladtoseethatyoualotofprogresssinceIyoulast.A.willmake;havemetB.havebeenmaking;metC.hadmade;metD.havemade;meeting－WherecanIgetinformationaboutalongjourney?－Nothingisofthanamap,Ithink.A.an;greaterhelpB.apieceof;greaterpriceC.some;betterusefulD.some;greatervalueYou’renottoparkhereyouhaveapermit.A.allowed;unlessB.permitted;inspiteC.let;sinceD.agreed;evenifC.let;sinceIt’salongtimesinceIstartedtoteachatthisschool.A.quiteB.muchC.prettyD.so－DidyouremembertoreturnthebooktoourEnglishteacher?－Yes.IgaveittohimIsawhim.A.onceB.whileC.ifD.themomentHewasforwork,forhecouldnotimaginelifewithoutit.A.expectedB.worriedC.eagerD.proudIfromthecrowdanoldfriendofminewhomIhadn’tseenfortenyears.A.figuredoutB.pickedoutC.gaveoutD.wentoutIbelievethechild.A.totelltrueB.tohavetoldthetruthC.havingthetruthD.havingtoldthetruthJackthetestagain;inthatcase,hisfatherwillbeverydisappointed.A.musthavefailedB.mightfailC.shouldfailD.couldhavefailedenoughtime,butIcouldn’tdoitbetter.A.IwasgivenB.GivenD.ThoughIC.TobegivenD.ThoughIwasgivenOurdoctoralwaystalkstomeateachertalkingtoachild.A.assameasB.howC.likeD.similaras－Johnson,there’realotofchairsoverthere.Goandfetchforme.－Why?Mikeissittingtheredoingnothing.A.one;meB.that;notheC.it;nothimD.some;I－Letmehelpyoucarryyourtravelcasetothestation,Granny.－Oh,no,myboy.Itisheavy..A.so;WhatagoodboyB.notso;ThanksalotC.rather;HowkindofyouD.nottoo;Thankyouanyway.分詞作狀語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的種種情況英語(yǔ)中常把分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)放在句首，作時(shí)間、原因、條件、方式、伴隨狀況、結(jié)果、目的及讓步等狀語(yǔ)，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須與句中的主語(yǔ)相同（即保持一致），否則句子就是錯(cuò)誤的。例如：Enteringtheroom,Ifoundthewallsnewly-painted.（對(duì)）我走進(jìn)房間時(shí)，發(fā)現(xiàn)墻壁油漆一新。Enteringtheroom,thefirstthingthatmeteyeswasthenewly-paintedwalls.（錯(cuò)）Badlywoundedthesoldierwassenttohospitalatonce.（對(duì)）士兵受了重傷，立即被送到醫(yī)院。Badlywounded,wesentthesoldiertohospitalatonce.（錯(cuò)）Beingverybusy,Icouldnotaffordthetimetogotothecinema.（對(duì)）我因?yàn)樘?，不能花時(shí)間去看電影了。Beingverybusy,thefilmticketsweregiventoothers.（錯(cuò)）LedbytheParty,wearemakinggreatprogressinourwork.（對(duì)）在黨的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)下，我們的工作有很大的進(jìn)展。LedbytheParty,greatprogressinourworkisbeingmade.（錯(cuò)）Writteninhaste,theletterhadsomemistakes.（對(duì)）由于寫(xiě)得匆忙，這封信里有幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤。Writteninhaste,hemadesomemistakesintheletter.（錯(cuò)）Runningaftereachotherinthestreet,thetwoboyswereknockeddownbyabike.（對(duì)）兩個(gè)男孩在馬路上相互追逐的時(shí)候被自行車(chē)撞倒了。Runningaftereachotherinthestreet,abikeknockeddownthetwoboys.（錯(cuò)）但在實(shí)際語(yǔ)言中，時(shí)?？梢杂龅椒衷~或分詞短語(yǔ)作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致的現(xiàn)象,但整個(gè)句子的語(yǔ)法結(jié)構(gòu)又是正確的情況,尤其是在科技作品和英美文學(xué)作品中很為普遍,這種分詞在語(yǔ)法上稱(chēng)為游離分詞（unattachedparticiple）或稱(chēng)為無(wú)關(guān)分詞（unrelatedparticiple）或稱(chēng)為懸垂分詞（danglingparticiple）。下面就來(lái)談?wù)勀軌虺闪⒌那樾危阂?、在?dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)中，分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)與整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不一致。如：Theprofessorenteredthelab,hisstudentsfollowinghim.（伴隨狀況）那位教授走進(jìn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室，學(xué)生們?cè)诤竺娓?。Afewsecondslater,hewaslookingatthescreenagainwiththemachineryturnedon.（伴隨狀況）幾秒鐘后，他開(kāi)了機(jī)器，盯著熒光屏。Thedaybeingverywet,Maryworehernewmackintosh.（原因狀語(yǔ)）因?yàn)檫@天是陰雨天氣，瑪麗穿上她的新雨衣。Theauthoritieshavingarrivedandtakentheseatsreservedforthem,theceremonybegan.（時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)）在負(fù)責(zé)人到達(dá)并在為他們保留的座位上就座以后，典禮就開(kāi)始了。Weatherpermitting,theshipwillleavetheharbouratdawn.（條件狀語(yǔ)）如果天氣不錯(cuò)的話(huà)，船將在黎明時(shí)離港。Helayonhisback,hiskneesdrawnup.（方式狀語(yǔ)）他蜷著腿，仰面躺著。二、只有一些分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)可用來(lái)表示說(shuō)話(huà)人的態(tài)度或看問(wèn)題的角度，這些分詞或短語(yǔ)已轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)楠?dú)立成份，含有"泛指"之意，在句中常作插入語(yǔ)，這時(shí)分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)也可以不必和全句的主語(yǔ)保持一致。如：Judgingfromhisappearance,helookslikeanolddoctor.從外表看，他像一位老醫(yī)生。Strictlyspeaking,herpronunciationisnotquitegood.嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)，她的發(fā)音不十分地道。Takenasawhole,thereisnothingwrongwiththearticle.總地來(lái)說(shuō)，這篇文章沒(méi)有什么問(wèn)題。Lookingatthequestionobjectively,whathesaidissomethingbelievable.客觀(guān)地看，他說(shuō)的話(huà)還有些可信之處。經(jīng)常這樣用的分詞短語(yǔ)有：franklyspeaking老實(shí)地說(shuō)，坦率地說(shuō)generallyspeaking一般地說(shuō)strictlyspeaking嚴(yán)格地說(shuō)properlyspeaking確切地說(shuō)來(lái)talkingortakenonewithanother總地看來(lái)takenasawhole總地來(lái)說(shuō)這種分詞短語(yǔ)可以說(shuō)是一種句子狀語(yǔ)，也可以看作是一個(gè)句子的獨(dú)立成份。三、有些現(xiàn)在分詞和過(guò)去分詞已具有介詞或連詞的性質(zhì)，由它們組成的詞組作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)和整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)不必保持一致。如：Hecouldn'tattendthemeetingowingtoillness.他因病沒(méi)能出席會(huì)議。Accordingtothetext,pleaseanswerthefollowingquestions.請(qǐng)按照課文的內(nèi)容，回答下面問(wèn)題。Theboydidquitewellconsideringthecircumstances.考慮到具體情況，可以說(shuō)這孩子干得很不錯(cuò)了。Regardingthecase,heknewnothing.關(guān)于這件事，他一無(wú)所知。經(jīng)常這樣用的分詞有:admittingthat（conj.confessingthat,承認(rèn)）assumingthat（conj.if,假定）barring（prep.except,除以外，除非）considering（prep.inviewof...,havingregardof...鑒于，就而論）concerning（prep.about,關(guān)于）excepting（prep.&conj.leavingout,excluding,-oftenafternot,always,without,除之外，包括）TOC\o"1-5"\h\zfailing（prep.indefaultof...,intheabsenceof...若缺少時(shí)，如果沒(méi)有）owingto（prep.becauseof...,onaccountof...,因?yàn)橛捎冢﹑roviding/providedthat（conj.onconditionthat,假若，倘使）regarding（prep.withreferenceto...,about,關(guān)于，有關(guān)）seeingthat（conj.inviewofthefactthat；considering,鑒于的事實(shí)，由……的緣故）上述諸詞有些已完全變成了介詞或連詞。四、在有些句子中，作狀語(yǔ)的分詞或分詞短語(yǔ)的邏輯主語(yǔ)并不是整個(gè)句子的主語(yǔ)，而是包含在句子的另一個(gè)成份之中，大多數(shù)是賓語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。如:Seeingherhealthsinkingrapidly,alarmseizedherfather'sheart.她父親看到她的健康狀況急劇惡化，非常驚慌。（seeing的邏輯主語(yǔ)是heart的定語(yǔ)herfather）Hissummerholidayswerespentinthecountrysidehelpingthefarmerswiththeirwork.他在鄉(xiāng)下度過(guò)暑假，假期