2023版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)技能保分練（八）主旨大意題

2020版高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)專項(xiàng)技能保分練（八）主旨大意題PAGE21-專項(xiàng)技能保分練(八)主旨大意題A[2022·安徽省皖江名校聯(lián)盟聯(lián)考]Onarecentnight,whileIwasbusythinkingaboutimportantsocialissues,likewhattodoovertheweekendandwhotodoitwith,Ioverheardmyparentstalkingaboutmyfuture.Mydadwasupset—nottheusualstuffthatheandMomand,Iguess,alotofparentsworryaboutlikewhichcollegeI'mgoingto,howfarawayitisfromhome.Instead,hewasupsetabouttheworldhisgenerationisturningovertomine,aworldhefearshasadarkanddifficultfuture—ifithasafutureatall.“Therewillbeadiseasethatkillsmillions,adisastrousenergycrisis,ahorribleworldwidedepressionandanuclearexplosionsetoffinanger.〞AsIlayonthelivingroomcouch,listeningtotheirconversation,startingtoworryaboutthefuturemyfatherwasdescribing,Ifoundmyselflookingatsomeoldfamilyphotos.Therewasapictureofmygrandfatherwhowasamemberoftheclassof1942,thewarclass.Nexttohispicturewerephotosofmygreat-grandparents.Seeingthosepicturesmademefeelalotbetter.Ibelievetomorrowwillbebetterthantoday—thattheworldmygenerationgrowsintoisgoingtogetbetter,notworse.Thosepictureshelpedmeunderstandwhy.Iconsideredsomeoftheawfulthingsmygrandparentsandgreat-grandparentshadseenintheirlifetimes:twoworldwars,killerflu,segregation(隔離),anuclearbomb.Buttheysawotherthings,too,betterthings:theendoftwoworldwars,passageofthecivilrightslaws.Ibelievethatmygenerationwillseebetterthings,too—thatwewillwitnessthetimewhenAIDSiscuredandcancerisdefeated.IwillseethingsasincredibletometodayastheInternettomyfatherwhenhewas16.體裁：記敘文題材：個人經(jīng)歷主題：明天會更好【語篇解讀】文章通過描述作者的父親對未來的擔(dān)憂，引發(fā)了作者對未來的深思。后來作者從一些舊的家庭照片中得到啟發(fā)：盡管世界充滿了糟糕的事情，但是明天一定會越來越好。1．Whywastheauthor'sdadupsetonarecentnight?A．Hewasupsetaboutwhichcollegefortheauthortogoto.B．Hewasupsetthatthecollegeistoofarfromtheauthor'shome.C．Hewasworriedabouthisdarkanddifficultfuturecomingsoon.D．Whatupsethimiswhetherthereisafuturefortheauthor'sgeneration.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第一段可知，作者的父親擔(dān)憂的不是作者要上哪所大學(xué)、大學(xué)離家有多遠(yuǎn)，而是作者這一代人正在接替他們成為世界的主力，但世界的未來并不明朗，或許還充滿艱難與黑暗，應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。2．Whatwastheauthor'sfirstreactiontohisfather'sworry?A．Indifferent.B．Optimistic.C．Worried.D．Sensitive.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段第一句中的“AsIlayonthelivingroomcouch,listeningtotheirconversation,startingtoworryaboutthefuturemyfatherwasdescribing〞可知，作者的第一反響是擔(dān)憂，應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。3．Whatdidthosephotosmaketheauthorunderstand?A．Theworldwasfullofterriblethingsthatcouldnotbesolved.B．Thoughtheworldwasfullofterriblethings,itwouldgetbetter.C．Allthoseterriblethingsthatworriedtheauthoractuallydidn'texist.D．Thosepicturesshowedthatpeopleneverworriedabouttheirfuture.答案與解析：B考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)文章第三段中的“Seeingthosepicturesmademefeelalotbetter.Ibelievetomorrowwillbebetterthantoday—thattheworldmygenerationgrowsintoisgoingtogetbetter,notworse〞可知，作者認(rèn)為世界會越來越好，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。4．Whatisthebesttitleofthearticle?A．NeverWorryAboutYourFutureB．TomorrowWillBeBetterThanTodayC．TheWorldWillNeverBePeacefulD．AllThatExistsWillCometoanEnd答案與解析：B考查主旨大意。根據(jù)文章后三段可知，作者從家里的一些老照片中得到啟發(fā)：盡管世界充滿了糟糕的事情，但是明天一定會越來越好，應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。B[2022·廣東佛山市質(zhì)量監(jiān)測一]Plantsareboring.Theyjustsittherephotosynthesizing(光合作用)whileanimalshaveallthefun.Right?Notsomuch.Anewstudyhasfoundthatthereisalonghistoryofinteractionsbetweenantsandplants.Theantandplant'sco-evolution(共同進(jìn)化)startedwithantsfeedingonplantsandplantsevolvingant-friendlyfeatures.Plantsmakeanumberofdifferentstructuresthatarespecificforantstouse.Someplantshaveevolvedfeaturesthatpersuadeantsintodefendingthemfromattackfromotherinsectsandevenmammals.Theseincludehollowthornsthatantswillliveinside,orextranectar(瓊漿)onleavesorstemsforantstoeat.Someantswilljustcheatandtakethenectarandrun,butsomewillstickaroundandattackanythingthattriestohurttheplant.Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaroundbyprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds.Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted.Ifevolutionisanarmsracebetweenspeciesdevelopingwaystomakeuseoftheirneighbors,thenscientistswantedtoknowwhetherplantsorantsfiredthefirstshot.Itwasachicken-and-eggquestion,whetherthingsstartedwithantsdevelopingbehaviorstotakeadvantageofplants,orplantsevolvingstructurestotakeadvantageofants.Thehistoryofantsandplantsevolvingtogethergoesbacktothetimeofthedinosaurs,andit'snoteasytotellfromfossilswhofiredthefirstshot.However,itisaquestionoflittlesignificance.Scientistssaytheirstudymattersbecauseitprovidesalookathowthesewidespreadandcomplexinteractionsevolved.體裁：說明文題材：環(huán)境與自然主題：螞蟻和植物的共同進(jìn)化【語篇解讀】動物和植物相互依賴、共同生存、共同進(jìn)化的歷史可追溯至恐龍時代。本文向讀者介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于螞蟻和植物間共同進(jìn)化的新的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)：植物不僅在進(jìn)行光合作用，而且還在不斷地進(jìn)化，充分利用螞蟻來保護(hù)自己，傳播自己的種子。5．Whydosomeplantsattachfoodpacketstotheirseeds?A．Torewardtheants.B．Tomakeafoolofants.C．Toprovidenutritionfortheseeds.D．Togettheseedsmovedaround.答案與解析：D考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“Otherplantsgetantstohelpthemmovetheirseedsaroundbyprovidingthemwithrichfoodpacketsattachedtotheseeds〞可知，一些植物通過給螞蟻提供附在種子上的豐富的食物使其幫助它們傳播種子。應(yīng)選D項(xiàng)。6．WhatdoesParagraph2mainlytellus?A．Howplantsandantsinteract.B．Whatantsdotoprotectplants.C．Howplantsandantssurvivefromattacks.D．Whyplantsandantsneedco-evolution.答案與解析：A考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第二段內(nèi)容和第三段中的“Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted〞可知，第二段講述的是科學(xué)家們研究螞蟻和植物間的這種共同進(jìn)化關(guān)系(但是他們之間的這種進(jìn)化關(guān)系是如何開始的，科學(xué)家們還不確定)。因此，第二段主要告訴我們螞蟻和植物是怎樣互動的。應(yīng)選A項(xiàng)。7．Whichistrueabouttheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplants?A．Antsdependedmoreuponplants.B．Itcausedaraceforbetterevolution.C．Howitgotstartedwasuncertain.D．Itwasoflittlevalueforfuturestudies.答案與解析：C考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Butscientistsweren'tsurehowtheevolutionaryrelationshipbetweenantsandplantsgotstarted〞可知，科學(xué)家們?nèi)圆淮_定螞蟻和植物間的這種進(jìn)化關(guān)系是怎樣開始的。應(yīng)選C項(xiàng)。8．What'stheauthor'spurposeofwritingthepassage?A．Tointroduceascienceresearchmethod.B．Toinformreadersofalatestresearchfinding.C．Toarousereaders'interestinscienceresearch.D．Tocriticizepeople'straditionalviewsaboutplants.答案與解析：B考查推理判斷。綜觀全文，特別是文章第一段可知，本文介紹了一項(xiàng)關(guān)于螞蟻和植物間共同進(jìn)化的新研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，這一研究發(fā)現(xiàn)打破了人們的傳統(tǒng)認(rèn)識。應(yīng)選B項(xiàng)。長難句分析：Theantwillpickuptheseedandcarryitaway,eatthefoodpacket,andleavetheseed—ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter,andsinceit'sfartherawayfromitsparent,theywon'thavetocompeteforresources.句式分析：本句是由and連接的并列主從復(fù)合句，第一個分句中包含四個并列謂語pickup,carry,eat和leave;ofteninanutrient-richareawhereit'llgrowbetter作狀語，其中whereit'llgrowbetter為定語從句，修飾先行詞area；and后的分句是一個主從復(fù)合句，since引導(dǎo)原因狀語從句，主句是theywon'thavetocompeteforresources。句意：螞蟻會撿起種子，把它帶走，吃掉食物包，然后把種子留在營養(yǎng)豐富的地方，在那里它會生長得更好，因?yàn)樗x它的父母更遠(yuǎn)，它們就不必爭奪資源。C[2022·安徽重點(diǎn)中學(xué)盟校模擬]Onaverage,Americansspendabout10hoursadayinfrontofacomputerorotherelectronicdevices(設(shè)備)andlessthan30minutesadayoutdoors.ThatisaclaimmadebyDavidStrayer,aprofessorofpsychologyattheUniversityofUsinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatsocialmediaputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical(有判斷力的)thinking,problem-solvinganddecision-making.So,itisimportanttogivethebrainarest.Andbeinginnature,Strayerclaims,helpsgetatiredbrainawayfromtoomuchtechnology.Morethan15,000campersfromaroundtheworldattendedaninternationalcampingfestivalinSeptember.Thatiswhenfriendsandfamilytaketimeoffandescapetonatureforseveraldays.Theytakewalks,climb,explore,swim,sleep,eatandplay.Campingmaybejustwhatatiredbrainneeds.TakeCarlforexample.HelivesinWestVirginiaandenjoyscamping.Hesaysthatstayingoutdoorsmakeshimfeelatease.Italsoprepareshimfortheworkhemustdo.KateSomersisanotherexamplewhoalsolivesinWestVirginia.Shesayssheenjoyscampingwithherhusbandandtwochildren.Shecallsita“regenerative〞experience.AttheUniversityof體裁：說明文題材：健康生活主題：讓大腦休息【語篇解讀】本文是一篇說明文，作者講述了當(dāng)今長時間使用電子設(shè)備對大腦的危害，鼓勵人們放下這些電子設(shè)備，去戶外活動活動，讓大腦休息一下?！倦y句分析】Usinganelectronicdevicetoansweremails,listentothenewsandlookatsocialmediaputsalotofpressureonthefrontofthebrain,which,Strayerexplains,isimportantforcritical(有判斷力的)thinking,problem-solvinganddecision-making.分析：這是一個較長的復(fù)合句。主句使用了動名詞短語Usinganelectronicdevice作主語；which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句，修飾先行詞thefrontofthebrain。譯文：使用電子設(shè)備來回復(fù)郵件、聽新聞、瀏覽社交媒體，給大腦前端(前額葉)帶來了很大的壓力，Strayer解釋說，這個區(qū)域?qū)τ谂兴伎?、解決問題和作決策都至關(guān)重要。9．WhatisDavidStrayer'sopinion?A．Americansdislikeoutdooractivities.B．Electronicequipmentshouldbequitted.C．Newtechnologiesar