2023年新版英語專四真題及答案解析

ＴESTFORENGＬISHMAJORS(２０23)-GRADEFＯＵＲ-PＡＲTIDＩCTATIONPARTIILISTENINGCOMPＲEＨENSIONSＥCＴＩONＡCＯNＶERSATＩONＳCｏnversaｔioｎone１.WhyisthｅｔriptoMａrsaone-wａytrip?A．Theretｕｒntriｐｉｓｔooexｐensiｖe．B.Tｈereiｓnoｔｅchnologytｏgetpｅopｌebaｃk.Ｃ．Ｐeｏｐｌedon’twantｔoretuｒn．D.Thereturnｔriｐｉｓtoorisｋｙ.2.Aｃcoｒdingtotheman,wｈatisｍｏrｅiｍpｏrtaｎtforthosereｃruitｓ？A.Iｎtelｌigence．B.Hｅａlｔh.Ｃ.Skills.D.Calｍnｅsｓ.３.Whatｉsthelａｓtｐａrtoftｈecｏnversatｉonａｂout?

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Theｗａｒoｎsmoking,noｗfｉvedｅcａdesoldandcounting,isoｎeofthenatｉon'ｓgrｅａｔeｓｔpubｌｉcheａltｈsucｃesｓsｔories－buｔnotfoｒｅveｒyone.Asawhｏle,tｈecountｒｙｈasmadeamａｚｉngprogreｓs.Iｎ1964，fourｉnteｎａduｌtsintｈｅUSsmokｅd;tｏｄａyfｅwｅｒthａntwoiｎｔendo．Bｕtsomestatｅs-Kentucky，SoutｈDakotaａnｄAlaｂamatoｎａmｅｊuｓtａfew－ｓeemtohavemissｅdtheｍｅsｓagｅthaｔｓmokｉngｉsｄeａdly．TｈeiｒfailｕreｉｓtｈｅｇrｅaｔestdisａppｏinｔmentｉｎaｎeｆｆorttosavelivesｔhatwasstａrtｅdonJａn.11,１96４,ｂytｈeｆiｒｓtＳurgeoｎGeｎeｒａl＇ｓReportｏｎSmｏｋｉnｇaｎdHealｔｈ．Itｓfｉndiｎgthaｔsｍｏkｉngisacaｕseoｆlunｇcanｃｅraｎdotｈｅｒdｉseaｓｅswａsmajornｅwstheｎ.Thehaｚａｒdsofsmoｋinｇweｒｅｊuststartingtｏeｍｅrge.Ｔhereｐortledtocigarettｅｗarｎinglabels,abanonTVadsandｅvｅｎtuallyanaｎti-smokingmovｅmenttｈatsｈiftｅｄtｈｅnation＇sattitudeoｎsmokiｎｇ.Then,smｏkerｓｗerｅｃool.Ｔoday,ｍaｎｙaｒeoｕｔcaｓｔs，rejｅｃｔedbyresｔauranｔs,bａｒs,pｕblicbuilｄｉngsandeｖenthｅiｒownwｏｒｋplaｃes.Ｍｉlｌiｏnsofliveshavebeｅｎsaved.Theｆormulaforsuｃcessisｎolongeｒgueｓswork：Adopttoughwａｒninglａbels,ａirpubｌicserviceads，fuｎdsmokｉｎgcessaｔionpｒogramsaｎｄiｍposｅsｍoke-freｅlawｓ．Buttheｓurestwayｔoｐreventsmｏking,partｉculaｒlyamongpｒice-ｓensiｔｉvｅteeｎs,iｓtoraiｓeｔａxes.Ifｙoｕcanｓtopthemfｒoｍsmoｋing,ｙoｕ'veｗonｔhewaｒ．Ｆewpeoｐlestａrtsmoｋinｇafterturning１9.Thereal-lifｅevｉdenceoftaxiｎｇpｏwerｉspowerｆuｌ.The10statesｗithｔhelowestａdｕｌtsmokingratesslａpａｎａveragetaｘof$２．4２oｎevｅrｙpack－-thｒeｅtｉmestheａvｅragetaxinｔhesｔateswithtｈｅｈighesｔsmokingrates.NewYｏｒkhａstｈehighesｔｃｉｇａrｅttetａxｉnthecountｒy，at$4．35peｒｐａck,aｎdｊusｔ12peｒcenｔoｆteｅnsｓｍoke,faｒｂelｏwｔhｅnationａlaverageｏf１8percｅｎt．ComparethａｔｗｉthKentucky，wｈerｅｔaxeｓarelow(60cｅntｓ),smokinｇrestｒｉctiｏｎsａreweakaｎdtｈeteensmokiｎgrａt(yī)eiｓdoｕbleNewYｏrk＇s．Otherloｗ-ｔａxｓtaｔeｓｈavesimilａrlydｉsmaｌrecoｒds.Eｎemiesofhightoｂaｃcｏtaｘesclinｇtothetiｒedargumｅntｔhａt(yī)ｔheyfaｌldiｓprｏportionateｌyonｔhepooｒ.Ｔruｅ,bｕｔsodothedｅaｄlyefｆｅctsofsmokｉnｇ,fａｒｗorｓｅthanataｘ.Thｅeffeｃtofｔｈｅtaxeｓisａｍｐlifiedfurtherwheｎtheｒeｖenuｅｉsｕsedtｏfundinｉｔiaｔivestｈａt(yī)helpsｍokeｒｓquitorpersｕadeｔｅensｎottoｓtａｒt.Anｔi-ｓmｏkingfｏrcesｈavｅｐlｅntytoceｌeｂrａt(yī)ethisｗｅek,haｖingｈelpｅdａvoｉd8milｌionｐrematuredeａt(yī)hsｉntheｐast50ｙearｓ．Butaｓlonｇａs３,００0ａdolｅsｃｅnｔsａndtｅenstakethｅｉrfirsｔpｕffeaｃhday,tｈewａriｓnoｔwon.91.Whａt(yī)ｄｏes＂couｎtinｇ"ｍeanintheｃontext?[A]Ｃｏntｉnｕiｎｇ．［B]Ｉｎcludｉng.[C]Calcuｌatiｎg．[D]Ｒelｙｉｎｇｏn.９2．Acｃordingtoｔhｅconｔext,＂Theｉｒfａilurｅ＂refersto____＿_(dá)_．［Ａ]ｔｈosｅａdultswｈｏcontｉnuetｏｓmoｋe[Ｂ]ｔｈoｓｅstaｔｅｓthatmisｓeｄthｅmeｓsage［C]findｉｎgsoftheｒeporｔ[D］haｚardsofsmｏｋiｎg93.Ｔhｅｆｏｌloｗiｎgareａlｌｅｆfortsthatledtothecｈaｎgｅofａt(yī)tiｔudeoｎsmokingEXCＥＰT＿＿_(dá)__．[Ａ]reｊeｃtｉngbytｈeｐubｌic［B］cｉｇarettewarningｌaｂelｓ[C］aｎti-smｏkingcaｍｐａigｎｓ[D］anｔi－sｍｏkinglegｉslatioｎ94.Aｃｃorｄiｎgtothｅauthor,ｒａisinｇtaxoncigaretteｓ__＿＿_(dá)__.[A］ｉsunfaiｒtothepｏor[B]isaneffｅｃｔivｅｍeasuｒe[Ｃ]incｒeaｓeｓpublicreｖeｎue［D］failstosoｌvetheｐroblem95．Whａt(yī)isthepassａgｅmａinlｙabout?

［A］Ｈowtostａｇeanti-sｍokiｎgｃａｍpaiｇns.［B］Tｈeeffectsofthｅreｐorｔonsmoｋｉnｇandhealth.［C]Taxaｓｔheｓuresｔｐatｈtocutsmoking.[Ｄ］Ｔｈeeffortstoｃuｔｄownｏnｔeeｎaｇeｓmoｋiｎg.TEXTDAttachmeｎｔPａｒｅntingｉsｎotIndulgeｎtPａｒentｉng.Ａtｔachmentｐarenｔsdonoｔ"spoｉｌ"ｔheirchiｌdrｅn.Ｓpoilingisdonewhenachｉlｄisgiveneｖeryｔｈｉngthａｔtｈeywａｎtｒeｇａrdｌeｓsofｗhaｔｔheyneｅdａndreｇaｒdlｅｓｓofｗｈａｔisprａctiｃal.Indulgentｐareｎtsｇivetoysforｔantruｍs(發(fā)脾氣),ｉｃecreamforbrｅａkfast.Attachmentpaｒenｔsｄｏn'tgiveｔhｅｉrchildrｅneｖerｙｔhingtｈattheywant,theygiｖｅtｈｅｉrchｉlｄrenｅverythiｎgthattｈｅｙneed.Ａttａｃhmeｎtｐａrｅnｔsbelｉevetｈatｌｏvｅaｎfｏrｔarｅfreeandneｃessaｒy．Notｓweeｔsｏrｔoys.AttachmentPaｒenｔｉｎgｉsnot"aｆrａiｄofｔｅarｓ"pａｒentｉng．Ourkｉdscry．Tｈｅdiｆferenceｉｓtｈatweundｅrｓtaｎdthattanｔrumsandteaｒefrｏmemｏtionsandｎotｍaｎｉpulaｔion.Anｄoｕrchｉldrｅnunｄerstaｎdthｉstｏｏ,Ｔheycrｙandhaｖetantrumssomeｔimeｓ，ｏfcｏurse.Ｂuttｈeydoｔｈisbｅcaｕsetheiｒemoｔｉonsａresoovｅrwhelmiｎgtｈattheyｎeedｔｏgetitoｕt.Theｙdonｏteｘpecttobe＂reｗaｒded＂ｆoｒtｈeirstｒongnegaｔiｖeemotｉonｓ;thｅｙｓiｍplyeｘpecttｈatweｗilllｉsten．Wｅpｉckupｏuｒｂabiｅswhentheyｃry，andwｅrｅspondtｏthetｅarsofoｕｒoｌｄeｒchiｌdｒeｎbecausewｅｂeｌieveｆirmlythａｔcomfｏrtiｓfｒee，ｌｏveisfｒｅe,aｎdtｈatｗheｎacｈildhａｓneedfｏrcｏｍｆｏrtanｄloｖe,ｉtisourjobtｏprｏviｄetｈosethｉngs．Weareｎotafｒａidofteａｒs.Weｄoｎ'taｖoidｔhem.Wehoｌdourchildrenthroｕgｈthｅmandtｅａcｈtheｍtｈaｔwhenｔｈｅyarｅhurｔorfruｓtrａt(yī)ｅｄweaｒｅhｅreｔocｏｍfｏｒｔthｅmandｈeｌptheｍwoｒｋthroughｔheiremｏｔioｎs．AttａchmｅｎtPareｎtinｇiｓｎotCｌiｎgyＰarentiｎg．Iｄonotclingtomychｉｌdren,Ｉnfeet,I'mpｒettｙfｒee－ｒanｇe.Ａssoonastheycaｎmovｅtｈeyｕsuａllymovｅaｗaｙfromｍeandletｍesｅtuｐachaｓeasｔhｅycｒａｗl,run,skipａnｄhoｐontheirｍerrｙwaytoｅxpｌoretheｗorld,Sure,Ｉcaｒrythｅmａndhuｇtｈeｍaｎdcｈaｓetｈｅmandｋiｓstｈemanｄrｏｃkthｅｍａndsｌeeｐwiｔhtｈｅm,Ｂutthisisｎoｔmefollowｉngtｈｅmeverywｈereaｎdpuｌｌingthｅｍｂacｋtome.Thisismｅbeｉngaｈomebase．The"ａt(yī)tachment"coｍｅsｆｒoｍthｅｉrｂeingalｌowｅdtoatｔachtous，ｎotfrｏmｕsaｔｔacｈｉngtothemｌikｅpａrentａllｅechｅs．AttachｍentPaｒentiｎgisnotＳelfishParenｔing．Ｉtｉsalsｏnotsｅｌfｌeｓｓpａrｅnting,Wearenｏtdoｉngｉtforｕs,andwｅarenotdoingittoｔormentourselｖes,AttaｃｈmentparｅnｔｉngisnｏｔHｅliｃopterＰarenｔing.Idoｎ'ｔｈoveｒ,Ｉsupeｒviｓe,Ifoｌlow，Iｔｅaｃh,Idｅｍｏnstrate,Iｅxplaｉn.Ｉdon'tsｌａpcｕriouｓｈandsaway,Ｉshowhoｗtodｏtｈｉngssafｅlｙ，Ｉletmychｉldｄoｔｈethｉngsthatmychｉldwｉsｈｅstｏdｏ,ｆｉｒstwｉｔｈhelpandtｈenwithsupｅrviｓionandfinaｌｌywithtｒusｔ,Iｄoｎ'tinsiｓｔthatmy2３monthoｌdholdmｙhandwheｎwewａlkonthesidｅwａlkbeｃａuseＩｋnowthatＩcａnrｅcａｌlhimwithmyvoｉcebｅｃaｕsehetｒustsmetoallowｈimtｏeｘploreandhetruｓtsｍｅtoexplainwhenｓomｅtｈinｇisdangerｏuｓａnｄtohelphimｓatiｓｆyhｉscuriositiｅssafely.ＭostofthｅnegatiｖethingsｔhatIｈｅaraboｕt"aｔtａchmentpａrenｔs"ａrecｏmpletelｙoｆf-baseandｄescriｂｅｓoｍeｔｈingthａt(yī)ｉsｅnｔiｒｅｌyunｌikeAttachｍentPａrenｔing.AttａcｈmeｎtParｅｎｔinｇischild-cｅnｔｒｉcａndfoｃusesontheｎeｅdｓｏfthechｉld.Ｃhildrenneｅdsｔructｕre,rules,aｎdbｏundaｒｉｅｓ.AttaｃhｍeｎｔParentssｉmplyｂｅlievethａt(yī)theｃｈiｌｄandthｅparentａrｅaｌlieｓ,ｎotａdveｒｓaｒies,Anｄthａt(yī)childｒenareｔaugｈｔ,ｎottｒained.9６.Whａｔmａkｅｓattachmentｐａrentsdｉfferｅntfromiｎdｕlｇｅntpaｒｅntsisthattheｙ

．A.showｍorｅlｏvetotheirchildｒenB.thｉｎklovｅisｍｏreｉmｐoｒtantC.preｆeｒbothｌｏvｅandtoysiｎｐａrentiｎｇＤ.dｉslikeｉceｃreamorsweets9７.Accordinｇtotｈeauｔhor,whatｓhoulｄpａrentsdowhｅntｈeirkidｓcry?

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