2023年免費(fèi)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試CET真題及答案解析

２023年6月16日全國(guó)大學(xué)英語(yǔ)六級(jí)考試ＣＥＴ6真題(最后有參考答案)ParｔⅠWritinｇ（30minutes)(此部分在答題卡以上作答)Directions:Fｏｒthispart,ｙouareaｌlowｅｄ30mｉnuteｓtowｒiteacｏmｐositiononthｅtｏpicTheIｍｐactoｆｔheIｎtｅrneｔｏｎI(lǐng)nｔerpeｒsoｎaｌＣｏｍmuniｃatioｎ．Yｏｕｓhouｌｄwｒitｅaｔｌeasｔ１５0wｏrdsbutｎomorｅthaｎ200ｗｏｒｄs.TheImpactoftｈeIｎternｅtonＩntｅｒpersonalCｏｍｍunicationPａrtⅡＲeadiｎgComprehｅnsion(SkimmiｎgａnｄScaｎnｉnｇ)(15mｉnuｔeｓ)Dｉreｃtions:Inthiｓpart.Ｙouwｉllhavｅ１5ｍｉｎutestｏgooveｒtｈepasｓageｑuｉｃklyaｎｄanswerｔhequesｔionsoｎA(yù)ｎsｗerSheet１．Ｆｏrqｕｅsｔｉoｎs1-7,chooｓethebestanswerｆromｔheｆourｃｈoicesｍaｒkedA）、B)、C)andD).Forqueｓtｉｏｎs8-10,cｏｍpｌｅtethｅｓeｎteｎceｓwithtｈeinfｏrmationgｉveninthepassaｇｅ.TheTｈreｅ-YeａrSolutｉonHartｗickCollege,ａsmａｌllｉbeｒal－artsschoolinｕpｓtatｅNewYork,makｅsNewYｏrk,mａkesthisofｆｅｒtｏｗelｌpreｐaredstｕdents:eａrnyoｕｒｕnｄergrａdｕatedegreeinthｒeｅyearsｉnｓtｅadofｆｏur,anｄsaveaｂout543，00０—ｔheamoｕntoｆｏneyｅａｒ’sｔuitionandfees.Aｎumberｏｆinnovａt(yī)iveｃollegesａremakｉngthｅsameofferｔoｓtudentsanｘiousａboｕtsavingtｉmeandｍｏnｅｙ．That’sboｔhanopportunityaｎdaｗaｒningfoｒthｅbeｓｔhiｇher-ｅducationsｙstemiｎｔheworｌｄ.ThｅUnitｅdStateshasalmｏｓtalloｆｔhｅwoｒlｄ’sbeｓtuniversiｔies.AｒeｃentＣhiｎesesurveｙraｎks35Aｍericaｎunｉveｒsitiｅsamongthetoｐ5０,ｅighｔaｍｏngｔhetop10．OurｒesearchuniversiｔieshaｖeｂeｅnthekｅytodeveloｐingtheｃompetiｔiｖeadｖａｎｔａgesthａｔｈelｐAmericansｐｒoｄｕｃe2５％ofallthewｏrld’sｗealth.Iｎ2023,62３，805oftｈｅｗorｌd’sbrighｔesｔstudenｔswｅrｅａｔtｒaｃteｄtｏＡmericａnuｎｉveｒsiｔieｓ．Yｅt，thereａresignsofperil(危險(xiǎn))withinAmerｉcanｈｉgheｒｅdｕcaｔioｎ.U.S.cｏlleｇesｈａvetocｏmpｅteiｎｔhemarｋeｔpｌaｃe.Studeｎｔｓmaｙｃhoｏｓｅａｍoｎｇ6,０0０pｕｂlｉc，ｐrivaｔe,ｎoｎｐrofit，forｐｒｏfｉt,orrｅｌigioｕsinstｉtｕtiｏｎsofhiｇherlearｎｉnｇ.Inaddiｔion,ａlｍostallofthe532biｌlionｔｈeｆｅderａlgovernmeｎｔprovidesfｏruｎiｖｅrsｉｔyrｅsearchisawａrdedｃｏｍｐetitively．Butｍａｎyｃolｌegesａndｕniversｉｔiｅsarestuckintｈepａst.Foｒinｓtanｃe,ｔheidｅａofthｅfａll－tｏ-sｐrｉｎg“schｏoｌyeaｒ”hasn’tｃｈangeｄmuchsiｎcebｅfoｒetheAmeｒicａnRevoluｔion,wｈeｎwewｅrｅａｓｕｍmerstreｔchｎｏlｏｎgerｍakessenｓe.FｏrmeｒGeorgｅWashｉｎgtｏnUniversitypresidenｔStephｅnTracｈtｅｎberｇestｉmaｔeｓthａｔatypicalcoｌleｇeｕsesｉtsfacilｉｔiesfｏracademｉcpuｒpoｓesａｌittlｅｍoｒｅtｈanhaｌfｔhecaｌeｎdaｒｙear.“Ｗhilecollｅgeｆａｃｉlitiｅssitiｄle,ｔheｙcｏntinｕeｔoｇenerateｍａintenanceｅxpｅnｓesthatｃonｔrｉｂuｔetoｔhehiｇhcostoｆrunｎｉngacｏllｅge，”ｈｅｈaswrｉtten.Wiｔhinacademiｃdｅparｔments，tｅｎure(終身職位），cｏmbｉｎedｗitｈaｇe-dｉscｒiｍinationｌawｓ,mａkesfacuｌtｙturｎoｖer—critｉcalforauniｖersiｔytｏrｅmaiｎcurrｅntincｈanｇingtｉmeｓ—difficｕlt．Ｉnsteａdofprotectiｎgｓpeｅchaｎdｅncoｕrａgingdiversityandinｎｏｖaｔｉｖethｉnkiｎｇ，ｔhetｅnｕresysteｍoftenｓtifles(壓制)thｅm:youngeｒpｒｏfesｓｏrsmustwｉntheaｐｐrovaloｆｅstablisｈedcｏlｌeaguesfoｒtenure,encｏurａｇinｇlｉｋｅ-miｎdednessａndsomｅtimesｉnhｉbitingthefreｅｆｌowofiｄeas.Meanwhile,tuitionhassｏared,lｅavingｇraduａt(yī)iｎｇstudentswｉｔhｕnｐｒeｃeｄentedloaｎdebt.Strongcａmpｕsｐresidentｓtｏmanａgｅtｈeseprｏblemsarｅｂecominｇhａrdertofind,ａndtokeep.Ｉnfaｃｔ,stuｄenｔsnｏwｓtaｙoncａmｐｕsalmosｔaｓlongastheiｒｐrｅsｉｄents.Theａｖeraｇｅamouｎｔoｆｔｉmｅstｕdentsnowtａｋetｏｃｏmpleteanundergraｄuatedegｒeehａsstreｔcｈedtosｉxｙｅarsaｎdsｅｖｅnmｏnｔｈsａssｔudｅntｓｉｎterrｕpteｄbywork，ｉｎcｏｎvｅnienｃedｂyｕnａvaiｌablｅclasｓｅs,orluredbyoｎeｍoｒeｆootｂaｌlsｅａsonfinditｈarｄtogｒadｕａt(yī)e.CｏngｒｅsshastｒiedｔohelpstｕdｅntｓwiｔｈcoｌleｇecｏsｔsthrｏuｇhPellGrａntsａｎdoｔherｆoｒmsoｆtuiｔｉonsupｐｏrt.Butsｏmｅofｔｈeirfiｘeshavemadｅｔｈeprｏｂlｅmwoｒse.ＴｈestackofcｏngressionalregulationsgovｅｒnｉngｆedｅralstuｄenｔgrantsａndｌoansnowｓtanｄstwicｅａstaｌlａｓＩdo.Fillingoｕｔtheseformsconsｕmｅs7%ofevｅrytuitｉondoｌlａr.Foｒallofthｅserｅasｏns，somｅcoｌlegeslｉkeHartwicｋarerethｉnkinｇtｈeｏｌdwayofdｏｉngtｈingsａndｑuestioningdeｃaｄes-olｄasｓuｍpｔｉonｓaboｕｔｗｈatacollｅgｅdｅgreemeaｎs．Foriｎstaｎcｅ,whydoeｓｉthａvｅtｏtａkefouryeaｒsｔoeaｒnaｄiplomａ?Thisfalｌ,16first-yearｓtｕｄeｎtsaｎdfouｒsｅcoｎd-yearstuｄentsaｔHartwickｅnrolledinthescｈool’ｓnewｔhreeyｅardｅgreｅprograｍ.Accorｄｉngｔothecoｌlege，theｐｌanisdeｓｉgnedforhigｈ-ability,highlｙｍｏtｉvatedstudｅｎtwｈｏｗishtosａvemoneyorｔoｍovealongmｏrerapidlyｔowardadvaｎcｅｄdegreｅs.Byeliｍinａt(yī)ingthatextrayeａr,theｒeyeａｒdｅgrｅe(cuò)stｕｄentsｓave25%ｉｎcｏsｔs.Inｓteａdｏfｔａkｉng30crｅditsayｅar,theseｓtudentｓtake40.DｕｒｉngJａnｕａry,Ｈａrtｗｉckｒｕnsafourweｅkcｏurseduringwhichstudeｎtsmａｙｅarnｔhｒeｅｔofouｒcｒediｔｓonｏrｏffｃampus，iｎcｌudinｇａnｕｍberｏfinternatioｎalsiｔes.Sｕmmercoursesａｒeｎotreqｕiｒeｄ,ｂuｔastｕdentmayenrｏlliｎtｈｅm—ａndpayeｘｔｒa.Thｒeｅyearstudeｎtsgｅtfirｓｔｃraｃkａt(yī)couｒsｅregiｓtrａt(yī)ion.Tｈeｒｅａrenocｈａngesiｎthｅnumberofcoursesprofｅssｏrsteachorintheirpay.Tｈethreｅ-yeardｅｇrｅe(cuò)isn’tａnewidea．Geniuseｓｈａvｅaｌwａysｂｒeeｚｅｄthrough.JudsｏnCollｅge,a350-stｕｄｅｎtinstitｕｔｉoninAlaｂama,ｈaｓofferedstuｄentsaｔhree-yearoｐtｉonｆｏr４0years.Stｕdentsattｅnｄ“shortterms”iｎＭａyaｎｄJunｅtoeａrｎtheｃｒedｉｔsrequiｒedfoｒgｒaduatｉon．Bａt(yī)esＣolｌegｅiｎMａineaｎdBａllＳtaｔeUniversiｔyiｎＩnｄｉanａareamoｎｇｏｔｈercoｌlegeｓｏｆferingｔhree-ｙearoｐtionｓ.Changｅsattｈeｈｉgh-ｓchoollｅveｌarｅalｓoheｌpinｇｔomakeiteａsierfoｒmaｎystuｄeｎtstｏearntheirundｅrgraｄuａt(yī)edｅgreeｓinlesstime．OnｅｏｆｆｉｖeｓtudentsaｒrivesatcollegetodaｙｗithAdvancｅdＰl(wèi)acemenｔ(AP)crｅditsamoｕntiｎgtoaｓeｍesteｒｏｒmoｒeｏｆcoｌleｇelevｅｌwoｒk.Manyuniversities,includｉｎglargescｈoolslikｅtｈeUniversitｙofTeｘａs,mａkｅｉteasyfortheseＡＰstuｄｅｎtｓtｏgraduａt(yī)efａster.Ｆorｓｔｕdｅntswｈoｄoｎ’tｐlantostopwithａnｕnderｇraduatedeｇree,thｅthｒｅe(cuò)-yeaｒｐlanmａｙhａveanevenｇreａt(yī)erappeal.Dｒ.ＪohnSergeｎt,headｏfVanderbiltUniverｓｉtｙＭediｃalＳcｈool’ｓresiｄｅｎcy(住院醫(yī)生）progｒam,enrolｌedinVａnderbｉlｔ’sｕｎdｅｒgraduatecollegｅin１95９.Ｈeenｔeredmedicａlｓchｏoｌaｆｔeronlyｔｈｒeeyｅarsａsdidfｏuroｒfiveofｈisclasｓmａt(yī)ｅｓ．”Myｆirstyeaｒofmedicalｓchoolcoｕnteｄaｓｍysｅnｉoryeaｒ，ｗhichｍeantＩhadtoｔakeｔhｒｅｅｔofouｒlabsａweektogeｔａlｌmyｓcienｃｅsiｎ.Ibaｓiｃａｌｌyskipｐedmyseｎioryeａr,”saｙsSergent.Hesｔilｌhadｔimｅtobeａsｔudeｎtｓenａt(yī)ｏrａｎdmeｅｔhiswife．Thereare,hｏwｅvｅｒ，drａwｂａcｋｓｔomｏvingｔhｒoughsｃhoolatｓuｃｈabrisｋpacｅ.Fｏrone,itdｅprivesstudenｔｓofｔheｌuxｕryoftｉｍeｔｏroam(遨游)intelｌｅｃtuａｌly.Compressiｎgeveｒyｔhingｉntｏｔhreeyｅａrsａｌsｏlｅaveslesstimefｏrgrｏwｉｎgｕp,engａgｉｎginextracurｒicularactｉvities，aｎdｓtudyiｎgabｒoaｄ.Oncrowdedcａmpuseｓitｃouldmeａnfeweroｐpoｒtunｉtiｅstogetintoａprizｅdprｏｆessor’sｃlass.Ｉowa’sWａldorfＣｏllｅgeｈaｓgraｄuaｔedseｖeralhuｎdredstudenｔsinｉtｓthreｅ-yeａrdegreeprogram,butｉtnowphasingouttheopｔiｏn．MostWaｌdorfstudｅntsｗantedthefullfouｒ-yeaｒｅxperieｎce—academiｃalｌy,soｃiallｙ,andaｔｈletｉcally.Ａndfaculｔymembersｗilｌbeｗａryofanychangetｈａt(yī)thrｅatｅnｓtｈeｃoreｃurrｉｃuｌumintｈenameofｍｏviｎgstｕdｅntsintｏthewｏrkfoｒｃｅ.“Ｍosｔhighgovｅrｎmentaloｆfｉcialsseemｔｏｃoｎｃeiveofｅducaｔｉoninthisｌｉｇht—asａwaｙｔoeｎsureeｃonomiｃcoｍpetitiｖenｅｓsandcontinｕeｄecoｎomｉcgrowth，”DeｒeｋＢok,formerｐｒｅsidｅntofＨarvard，toｌdTｈeＷａshiｎｇtｏｎPｏsｔ.“Isｔｒoｎｇlydisagｒｅe(cuò)wｉtｈtｈｉsapｐｒoａch.”Ａnotheｒriｓｋ:thenewcampusscｈedulesｍighteｖenｔualｌypｒｏｄuｃelessreｖｅnuｅfｏｒtｈeinstｉtuｔｉonaｎdlongeｒｗoｒkｉnghｏursｆorfacｕltymembers.Ａｄopｔiｎgathrｅe(cuò)-yearopｔionｗillnotcomeｅasilytｏmｏstsｃhｏoｌ.ThosethaｔwｉshtotaｃｋleｔraditionaｎdmakeＡmericａnｃampuｓmorｅｃost-consciｏｕsmayfiｎditｅａsiertotａkeTｒacｈｔeｎｂｅrｇ’ｓaｄｖiｃe：opeｎｃａmpusesyeａr-round.“Ｙoucouldrunｔwｏcｏｍｐletecolleｇeｓ，witｈtwoｃompｌetefacｕｌｔｉes,”ｈesａys.“Ｔhaｔ’swithoｕtcuｔｔｉngthelengtｈofstudeｎtｓ’vacations,increasinｇclａｓssiｚeｓ,oｒreｑｕiringfacｕｌtyｔoteachｍｏre.”Whｅthertheｙexｐerｉmeｎtwiｔhthree-yeardegｒｅe(cuò)ｓ,ｏｆfｅryｅａr-roｕndcｌaｓｓｅｓ,ｃhallenｇeｔｈetenuresｙｓtem—oｒalloｆthｅaboｖe—ｕniｖeｒsitieｓareｓlｏwlyreａliｚingthaｔtosｔaycｏｍｐｅtitivｅａnｄrelevａｎtｔheymustadapttoａraｐidlｙｃｈangingwｏrld.Expａndiｎgthetｈrｅe(cuò)－yearopｔｉoｎmaｙbediｆficuｌt,ｂutiｔmａybelessdifficｕltthanasｋingCongressforadｄitionalfiｎａｎciａｌhelp,askinglｅgisｌatorsfoｒmorｅstatesupｐort,oｒaｓｋingstuｄeｎtsevｅｎhｉghｅrtｕitiｏnpaymｅｎｔs．Ｃaｍｐｕseｓｗillｉｎｇtoａｄoptcｏnvenientｓｃhedulｅsalｏｎｇwithmｏrｅfoｃused,less－eｘpｅｎsｉvedegｒeeｓmayfindｔhattheｙｈaveacoｍｐｅtitivｅａdvanｔageinattractingbrｉght，mｏtivatｅdstuｄｅnｔs.ThesesｏrtsｏｆinnｏvaｔｉonscａnhelpＡmｅriｃanuｎiversitiesaｖｏｉｄtheｐerｉlsofsucceｓｓ．注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡1上作答。１.ＷhydｉdHartwｉckＣｏｌleｇeｓtarttｈree-yeardｅgrｅｅpｒogramｓ?A)Tocreateｃｈanｃｅｓｆｏｒthepoor．C)Toenroｌlmorestudenｔｓ.B)Tｏcｕtstｕｄｅｎｔs’exｐｅnseｓ.D)Tｏｓoｌｖeitsfiｎａncｉaｌｐｒoblems．2.ByｑｕｏtｉngStepｈｅnTｒａchtenbｅrgtｈeａｕｔhorwａntｓｔｏsaytｈaｔ.A）AmｅricanuｎｉvｅｒｓiｔieｓarerｅｓｉsｔanttochａngｅB)theｓuｍmervacａt(yī)ioncｏntｒｉｂｕｔestoｓtuｄentgrowthC)coｌlｅgｅｆaｃｉlitiescouldｂｅputtoｍorｅｅffectiｖｅuseD)tｈecostｓofrunｎingauｎiverｓitｙａrｅsｏarｉng3.ＴheauthortｈinｋstheｔenuresystｅminＡmeriｃanｕniｖersitｉes．Ａ)suｐｐreｓsescｒｅaｔiveｔhinｋiｎgC)gｕaranteesacaｄemicfreeｄomB)creａt(yī)escｏnflictsamongｃｏlｌｅaguesD）isasignofａgediscｒiｍination4.Whatiｓｓaｉdaboｕtｔheneｗｔhree－yeardｅｇｒｅe(cuò)ｐrｏgｒamatＨａrtwick？A)Itsstｕdｅnｔshavｅｔoeaｒｎmoｒecreｄitｓｅachｙear.B)Non-creditcouｒsｅsａreelｉminatedaｌtogeｔｈeｒ.Ｃ)Itsfacultｙmemｂｅrsｔｅaｃｈmorｅhouｒsawｅe(cuò)k.D)Somｅsummｅrcoursesareｏffｅｒｅdfｒeeoｆcｈarｇe.５．WhatdowelｅarnaｂouｔJｕdsonCollege’stｈree-ｙeardegreepｒogram?A)Itｈasbｅe(cuò)nrunninｇfｏrseveraｌｄeｃades.Ｂ)Itisｏpｅntｏthｅbrｉｇhteststuｄeｎtsｏｎｌｙ．C)Itisthｅｍostｓｕcｃessｆuliｎthecｏuntrｙ.D)Itｈasｍａｎypｒaｃticaｌｃoursesonｏffｅr.6.Wｈatchaｎgesinhigｈｓｃhoｏlｓｈelｐstudentseaｒnundｅrgrａduaｔedｅｇｒeｅsiｎｔhreeyears?A)Ｃurriｃulumshavｅｂeeｎadaｐtｅｄtosｔudeｎｔs’needs．B)MｏrestudｅntｓhａveＡdvaｎceｄPlaｃemｅntcreｄiｔｓ.Ｃ)Moｒｅe(cuò)leｃtivecouｒseｓarｅoｆfereｄinhighschooｌ．Ｄ)Thｅoverallｑｕａｌiｔyofeducaｔｉonbａsｉmｐｒoved.７.Ｗhatissaidtobeadrａwbackofｔheｔhｒｅe(cuò)－yｅarcollｅgeｐrogram?A)Studenｔｓhavetocopewｉthｔｏoheａvyａworｋloａd.B）Stｕdeｎtｓdon’tｈavemuchｔimetｏroamｉntelleｃtuａlly.Ｃ)Stｕdｅｎｔshａveｌiｔtleｔｉmetogainpｒａｃtｉcalｅxperience.Ｄ）Sｔuｄｅntsｄon’thavepｒｉzｅdｐrofessorｓtｏteachtｈem.8.Collｅgeｆａcultyｍｅmbersａｒeafｒａidthattｈｅpretextoｆmovingstudｅｎtsinｔotheｗｏrｋｆorｃeｍightｐosｅathｒeatｔo.9.Uｎiverｓitｉesarｅincｒeasinｇlyawarethattheｙmustadaｐｔｔoaｒaｐｉdlｙｃhangingｗoｒldinｏrdertｏ．10.Convenientacademiｃsｃhｅｄulｅswithmｏｒｅ－fｏcuｓed,ｌｅss-exｐeｎsiｖedegｒeeswillbemｏrｅattrａctiveｔo.SecｔｉonADｉrections:Inｔhiｓｓecｔｉｏn，youwillheaｒ8shortｃoｎｖersaｔionsand2lonｇcｏnveｒsations.Attｈｅe(cuò)ndoｆeａchｃonｖｅrsatioｎ,oｎeormoreｑuestｉonｓwiｌｌbｅaskedaboutwhatwaｓｓaid.Botｈtheconversationａnｄthｅquesｔionsｗillbespokeｎonｌyoncｅ．Aｆterｅacｈqｕｅstiontheｒewillbeapaｕｓe.Ｄｕringthepause,ｙｏumustrｅadｔhefouｒchoicesmarkedA),B)，Ｃ)aｎdD),ａndｄeciｄeｗhicｈistheｂestanswｅr．ThｅnmarkthecorｒeｓpｏndiｎgletteronAnsｗeｒSｈeeｔ2withasｉnglelineｔhroｕｇｈｔhecentｒe.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答．１１.A）ＴhｅseriousａcciｄentmayｌｅaveAnｎaparａlyｚed.B）ＴhemanhapｐeneｄtoseeAnnａfallｏnherbacｋ.C）TheinｊurywiｌlｃｏnfiｎeAnnａｔobedforｑｕiteawｈile.Ｄ)Thｅｄoｃｔor’stｈeraｐyhasｂeｅｎvｅrysuccｅssful.12.Ａ)Themancoｕlｄwatchtheballetwithheｒ.B)Ｓhehappenedｔohavebｏughttｗoticketｓ.C）Shｅcangetaballettickｅtfortｈemａn.Ｄ)Heｒｓｃheduｌecoｎflictswithhersister’s.１3.Ａ)Hewｉllsend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__thenatioｎ’sadultｅｄｕcaｔｉonpｒograｍａndkeeｐsaｃlosewatｃhonｄｒop-outｒaｔes.“(43)__＿_(dá)_____rｏseanｄｔhatisafactｏrtｈａt(yī)ｍakesourjobmoreｄifｆｉｃult.”CａstrotolｄReutｅｒsiｎanｉnteｒｖieｗｅａrlieｒtｈisｍoｎtｈ.(44)_＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_____＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_______＿_(dá)______＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)_____＿_(dá)______＿_(dá)____＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)__＿＿＿＿_(dá)_______＿＿.Ａsaｒesuｌｔ,ｄroｐ-ouｔｒatesｗiｌlnｏtimprovemｕch,Casｔrosaiｄ.“Thｅrewｉlｌｂesomeｉmprovｅmｅｎt，bｕtnoｔsigｎifiｃant,”Cａstrosaｉｄ.(45)_＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)_＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿＿_(dá)＿_(dá)___＿＿_(dá)________________＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)______＿_(dá)＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)___＿_(dá)_______＿_(dá)___.Andchildrｅnoftｅnｓelｌcandyandcraｆtｓiｎｔhesｔreｅｔsorｗordｉnresｔauｒants.（4６)_______＿_(dá)＿_(dá)____＿＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)_＿_(dá)____________＿_(dá)___＿＿_(dá)_____＿＿＿_(dá)__＿＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)__＿_(dá)＿_(dá)＿_(dá)_．Mexｉco’sｐｏｌｉticiaｎsｈavｅresｉsｔedmendingthecountrｙ’ｓtａx，eneｒgyaｎdlabｏｒｌawsｆordeｃａdes,ｌｅａviｎgitｓeconomyｂeｈｉｎｄcoｕntriessucｈａsBrazilandCｈiｌe．ParｔⅣReaｄingＣomｐrehｅnsiｏn(ReadｉｎginDｅｐth)（25minutes)SｅｃtionADiｒectionｓ:Ｉnｔｈiｓｓectｉoｎ,thｅｒｅiｓaｓhortpａssaｇewitｈ５queｓtiｏnsoriｎcｏmpletｅsｔatｅmｅｎｔｓ.Reａdtheｐaｓsaｇecａrｅfullｙ.Thenansｗerthequesｔｉｏnsｏｐｌｅｔethestａt(yī)emｅｎtsｉntｈefeｗesｔpossiｂleｗoｒds.PleａｓewｒiteyｏｕｒanswersonAnsｗeｒSheeｔ２Queｓｔiｏns４７to５1ａrｅｂaｓedoｎthefollowingpａssage.Inｆacｅｏｆglobａｌwａrｍiｎg,muchefｆorthasbeｅnfocusedoｎｒeduｃinｇgｒｅe(cuò)nhousｅgaseｍisｓionsthroｕghavarietyofsｔrａt(yī)ｅgies．Butｗhilemｕchoftｈerｅsearcｈａndｉnnovａt(yī)ｉonhasｃｏncentｒatedonｆindingｌｅsｓ-poｌｌutiｎgｅnergyaltｅrｎaｔives,itｍaybedecaｄｅｓbeforecleａntechnoｌogieslｉｋeｗｉndａｎdｓolarmeeｔasignｉficanｔportiｏnofourenｅrgyneedｓ.Iｎthｅmeａntｉme,ｔheaｍountofCO2inthｅａiｒisrａｐiｄlyapproachingｔｈelｉmｉtsproposeｄｂyｔheＩｎteｒgoｖernｍentａlＰaｎｅｌoｎClimａt(yī)eChange（ＩPCC)．“Ａslongａsｗｅ’reconsｕｍingfoｓsilfｕｅｌs,we’ｒeｐuttiｎｇｏｕｔＣO2,”saysKlａuｓLａckner,aｇｅｏｐhysicｉｓｔatColumbiａ,Univｅrsity”WecａnnotｌｅttｈeＣO２intｈeatmoｓphereriseindeｆiniｔｅｌｙ.”ThatsenｓｅofurgencｙhasincreａsｅdinterestinｃapturingandｓtorｉngCO2，whichtｈeIＰCCsayｓcｏuldｐroviｄethemorethan5０％reｄuctioniｎemｉsｓｉonsthｏｕghtnｅe(cuò)dｅdtoｒeｄｕceｇlｏｂalwaｒmiｎg.“Weseｅthepotentialfoｒｃａpturｅanｄstoragetoplayanintegrａｌroleiｎreduｃingｅmissｉoｎs，”saysＫimCｏrlｅy,Sheｌl’ssenｉｏrａdｖｉｓorofCO2anｄenvｉronmenｔalaｆfａiｒs．Thatfoｒｗardthinｋｉnｇｓtratｅgyisgainiｎgsuppoｒｔ.ThｅＵ.Ｓ．ＤeｐarｔmｅntoｆEnergｙrｅcentlyprｏpoｓedpｕttｉng$1billｉｏｎiｎtｏanew$2．4ｂillioｎcoal－ｂurｎingenergypｌant.Thｅplanｔ’scarbon－caｐｔuretｅｃhnoｌoｇieswouldｓｅrveasａｐｉlｏｔprｏjectfoｒotherｎewcｏａl-ｂurｎｉｎgｐlaｎtｓ.Butwhatｄoyoudowiththeｇasoｎceyｏu’vecaｐturedit？Oｎeoptiｏniｓｔoｐｕｔittonewuｓes.DａｋｏtaGasificationoｆNorthDaｋｏtａcａpｔureｓＣＯ２atａplanｔthatｃonverｔscoalinｔosｙnthetiｃnaｔurａlｇas.Ｉttｈensｈipstｈegas200ｍiｌeｓbyｐipｅliｎｅtoＣanａda,whereitｉsｐumpedunｄergｒoundｉnｏilrｅcｏverｙoperatiｏns.IntheNethｅrｌanｄs,ShｅｌｌdeliｖersCO2tｏfaｒmｅrswhｏpｉｐeitintoｔheirｇｒeenｈousｅs,ｉncrｅａsinｇtｈｅｉryiｅldoffｒuitｓaｎdｖｅgetablｅs.Hoｗever,scientｉstssaytｈaｔthｅscaleｏfCO2eｍissionsｗｉllｒequirｅｖaｓｔaｍoｕntｓofｌong－ｔermｓtorage.ＳｏmeprｏpoｓeｓtorinｇtheCO２incoalminｅsｏrlｉquidstｏrageinｔheoｃean,SheｌｌfavorssｔｏrｉngCO2ｉnｄeｅpgeologiｃalsｔｒuctuｒeｓｓｕｃｈassalinｅ(鹽的)formationｓanｄｅxhａｕsｔｅdoｉlａnｄgaｓfielｄｓtｈatexｉsttｈrｏｕghouttheworld.注意:此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。47.Whaｔａresｕｇgestｅdaｓｒeｎｅwａbleaｎdlesｓ－polｌutingeｎergｙaｌtｅｒnatｉvｅs?48.WhatdoeｓtｈeauthorsaｙｉsaforｗardtｈiｎkｉｎgstratｅgｙcoｎｃerniｎgthereductionｏfCO2emiｓsions？49.ＯnewayoｆｈandinｇtheｃａptｕrｅdCO２ａssｕggｅstｅdbｙtheauthoristostoreｉtａｎｄ.5０.TｈroughｕsingCO2,Dｕtchｆarmeｒshａｖebeenａblｅｔo．51.Lonｇ-terｍstorageofCO2isｎｏeaｓyｊobbecauｓｅｏｆ.SecｔiｏｎBDirectiｏnｓ:Ｔhｅｒeａre２passagesinthissectioｎ.Ｅaｃhｐassaｇeiｓｆｏllowedｂysomeqｕｅsｔionsorunfinｉｓhedstatements．FｏreacｈoｆthemtherearefoｕrchoicesmarｋｅdA),B）,Ｃ)andD）.YｏｕsｈouｌddeｃiｄeonthebestchoiceandmarｋthｅcorresｐonｄinglｅtteronAnｓwerｓheet2ｗｉtｈasinｇleｌinethrougｈｔhecenｔre.PassageＯneQｕestions5２ｔo56arｅbasedｏntheｆｏllowinｇpassage.Asａnyonｅwhohastrｉedtoloseweｉghtknows,ｒealｉsticgoａl-ｓｅttiｎｇgenｅralｌyprｏｄuｃestｈebｅｓtrｅsults.Tｈat'spartｉallｙｂｅcaｕseitappｅarsｐｅoplewｈosｅtrealiｓtｉｃｇoaｌsａctualｌｙworkmoｒeｅffiｃientｌy,aｎdexertmｏreeｆforｔ,toachｉeveｔｈosｅgｏals.What'sｆarｌｅssunderstoｏdbyｓcientｉstｓ,ｈｏwｅｖer,ａｒeｔhepotｅntiａllｙｈarmfｕｌeffｅctsofｇoal-seｔting.Newspapersrｅlaｙｄaｉlyａｃcouｎｔsofgoal-ｓettｉnｇprevalｅｎｔiｎiｎdｕstriesandbuｓiｎessesupaｎddownbotｈWallＳtｒeetａndMaｉnＳtreｅt，yeｔｔherehaｓbeensurｐｒisinglyｌittlereｓｅarｃｈｏnｈoｗthｅｌong-trｕｍｐeｔedpracｔiceｏｆsettinｇｇｏaｌｓmａｙhaveｃontrｉbutedｔoｔheｃurrenteconomicｃrｉsis,anｄuｎｅthical(不道德的）behavｉoｒiｎｇeneral．“Ｇoaｌｓarewideｌyusedaｎｄpromｏtedashavingrｅａllｙbｅｎefiｃialeｆfeｃtｓ.Anｄyeｔ,ｔhesａmｅmｏtivａt(yī)iｏnｔhａt(yī)cａnpｕｓhｐeoｐｌetoｅxertmoreｅffｏｒtiｎaconstruｃtivewaｙcouldａlｓoｍｏｔivatｅpeopｌｅtobemoreliｋeｌytｏengａgeinｕneｔhicalｂehaviors,”saysMaｕrｉｃeＳchｗｅitzｅr，aｎaｓsｏｃｉatｅｐｒｏfessｏｒatＰenｎ’sWhａrtonＳchｏoｌ.“Ｉttｕｒｎｓｏｕttheｒe’ｓnoeconoｍｉcbｅｎefｉttoｊusthaviｎgａgoaｌ---youｊｕｓtgetapsycｈoｌogiｃalbeｎefit”Schweｉtzｅrsayｓ.“Buｔinmaｎyｃaｓeｓ,ｇoalshaveeconoｍiｃrewardsthatmａketheｍmorepoweｒful.”AprｉmeexaｍpleSchｗeitzeｒandｈiscｏlｌeaguｅscｉｔｅisｔhｅ202３collapｓeｏfenｅｒgy-ｔｒadｉｎgｇｉantＥnron,ｗhereｍanagersuｓedfinaｎciａlｉnｃｅnｔｉvｅstｏｍｏtｉvatesaｌｅｓmenｔｏmeetｓpｅｃifｉｃrevｅｎｕegｏaｌs．Theｐroblem,Ｓchweiｔzersays，iｓｔheaｃtuａｌtｒadeswerenotprofitabｌe．Otherstudｉeshaveｓhoｗntｈatsaddlingｅmployeｅswitｈｕnreａlisｔicgoalsｃancompeltheｍtolie,chｅatorｓteaｌ．Suchｗaｓtheｃaseｉntheearly1990swｈｅnSearsiｍpoｓeｄasalesqｕotａonitsauｔｏrepａirstaｆf．Ｉｔproｍptedempｌoｙeｅstooｖeｒchａrgeforworkandｔocoｍplｅteunnｅcessaｒyrepａirsonａcｏmpaｎyｗiｄebａsｉs.Ｓｃhｗｅitzerconceｄeｓｈisrｅseaｒchrunscｏuｎteｒｔoaverylargｅbodｙofliteraturｅtｈａmendsthｅｍａｎyｂenefitsofgoaｌ-ｓetting.Adｖocatｅsoｆtｈｅpracｔicehａvetakenｉｓsueｗｉthｈｉｓteam’suseoｆｓuchｅｖiｄeｎceasnｅwsacｃountstｏsuｐporthisconcｌuｓiontｈatｇoａl-ｓｅttinｇｉswidelｙoveｒ-presｃribedInarebuttal（辯駁)pａｐｅｒ，Dｒ.ＥｄwiｎLoｃkewriteｓ：“Goａｌ-sｅttingisnotｇoｉngａway.Organiｚatiｏnsｃａnnottｈrivｅｗithoutbeｉngfｏcusedontｈeirｄｅsiredendresｕｌtsaｎymoretｈaｎaｎiｎdivｉｄｕalcanthｒivewiｔhoutgoaｌstｏｐroviｄeaseｎseｏfpurｐoｓe.”BｕtSchｗeitzerｃontｅndsthe“mountiｎｇcａusaｌevｉdｅnｃe”linkｉngｇｏal－settingandｈａｒmfｕlbｅhaviorｓhoｕｌｄｂｅstｕｄieｄtoheｌpspoｔlightiｓsuesthａt(yī)ｍeritcauｔｉoｎａndfuｒtｈeｒｉnvesｔｉgatioｎ.“Evenａｆewｎegativｅe(cuò)ffectｓcouｌdbｅｓolarｇetｈａt(yī)theyoｕtweighmanypoｓｉtiveeffectｓ,”ｈｅsays.“Goal－settiｎgｄoeshｅlpcoｏrdｉnateａndｍotivaｔｅpeopｌe．Myｉdeａwoｕldbetｏcomｂineｔhaｔwitｈcarefｕloveｒsigｈt,ａstｒoｎｇｏrganizatioｎalｃulture,aｎdｍａkesureｔhｅgｏａlｓｔｈaｔyoｕusearｅgｏinｇtobｅconsｔrｕcｔivｅaｎｄnｏtsigｎificaｎtlｙharmａnizaｔion,”Schwｅiｔzerｓａｙs.注意：此部分試題請(qǐng)?jiān)诖痤}卡2上作答。5２.Whatmessagｅdｏｅsthｅauthortrytoｃonveyaboutgoａl-settｉng?Ａ)Ｉｔsnegatiｖeeｆｆeｃtshaｖelongbｅe(cuò)nneglected.Ｂ)Ｔheｇoaｌiｎcreａｓeｐeｏｐle’sworkefｆｉｃｉencｙ.Ｃ)Itsrｏleｈasｂeeｎlargeｌｙunｄｅｒｅstｉmａt(yī)ed.D)Tｈegoalsmoｓtpeopleｓetａreunｒeａｌiｓtｉc.53.WｈatdoｅsＭａuｒiceSｃhweｉtzeｒwaｎtｔoｓhowbyciｔingthｅe(cuò)xampleｏfEnrｏn？A）Sｅttinｇｒｅalｉｓticgoalscanｔurnａfａiｌｉngbusiｎesｓintｏsuccess.Ｂ）Busineｓsesareｌessｌikelｙｔosucｃeedwithoｕtｓeｔtingreａｌiｓticｇoals．C)Financialiｎｃenｔivesensurecｏｍpanｉesmeeｔspecificreｖenueｇoalｓ.D)Goalswiｔhｆiｎanciａlrewardshaｖestrｏngmoｔivaｔionaｌpowｅｒ.５4.HowdidＳｅars’ｇｏal-settinｇaffeｃtitsｅmplｏｙees?A)Theywereoｂligedｔｏwoｒkmoreｈourｓtoincreasetheｉrｓａleｓ.B)Theｙｃoｍpetedwitｈｏnｅaｎoｔhertｏaｔtrａｃｔmorecustｏmerｓ.C）Theyrｅsorｔｅdtｏunethｉcａlpractｉcetｏmeettheｉrｓaｌesquｏta.Ｄ)Ｔhｅｙimproｖedtheirｃuｓtoｍeｒseｒviceonａcompanyｗidebａsis.５5.Whatｄoａdｖocateｓｏfgｏａl-ｓettingｔhinｋofＳｃhｗeitｚer’sｒeｓeaｒch?A)Ｉtｓｆindinｇsａrｅnｏtofmuｃhpractｉcaｌvaｌue.B)Iｔexaggeｒaｔesｔhesideeffeｃtｓofgｏａｌ-seｔｔｉng．C）Itscoｎcｌusionisnｏｔbaｓedonsoliｄsciｅnｔiｆiceｖideｎce.D)Itrｕｎｓcountertoｔhｅｅxiｓｔingｌiteratureonthesuｂｊect.56.ＷhatｉｓScｈｗeｉtｚer’sconteｎtiｏnagａｉｎｓtEｄwinLockｅ？Ａ)Tｈelｉnkbｅtｗeenｇoaｌ-settinganｄharmｆｕlbehavｉｏrdeseｒvesfuｒtheｒstudy.B)Goal-ｓeｔtｉnghａsbeｃometｏｏｄeep-rooteｄincoｒporatecｕlture.C)Theｐositiveeffectsofgoａｌ－settingoutweiｇhitsnｅgａt(yī)ivｅe(cuò)ｆfeｃｔs.Ｄ)Stuｄyinggoaｌ－sｅｔｔiｎgcanthrowmoreligｈtonsuｃｃessｆulbusinesspｒactｉceｓ.ＰａssａgeTｗｏQuestions５7tｏ61aｒeｂａｓedｏnthefollowingpａssage.Formｏsｔｏfthe20ｔhｃｅntｕry,Asiaaｓkeｄｉtselfｗhａt(yī)itｃｏｕldleaｒnfromthemoｄｅｒｎ,innｏvａｔiｎgWｅｓt.Nowthequeｓtｉonｍuｓｔberｅveｒsｅｄ.WhatcanｔｈeWest’sｏveｒlｙinｄebtedaｎdsluggｉｓh(經(jīng)濟(jì)滯長(zhǎng)的）natｉonslearnfroｍaｆlourisｈｉngAsia?Ｊustaｆewｄeｃaｄesagｏ,Asia’ｓtwogiantswｅreｓtagnaｔing(停滯不前）ｕｎｄerfaultyeconoｍiciｄeologies.Howeｖer,oncｅCｈｉnａbeganemｂrａcingｆreｅ－marｋｅtreformsｉnthｅ1９80ｓ，fｏllowedbyIndiaｉntｈe1990s,bothcｏuntriesacｈieｖedrapidgroｗth.Cｒucially,astheyopｅｎedｕptheirmａrkets，ｔheyｂalancedmａrketeconｏmyｗiｔhsensibｌe