高一英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表格對比學(xué)習(xí) 新課標(biāo)

高一英語情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表格對比學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞是高考的重點(diǎn)考查項(xiàng)目，對學(xué)習(xí)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的要求是：首先、了解情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各自的基本意義及用法，然后掌握情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表示推測的用法（其中重點(diǎn)是對表過去推測的用法）還要注意帶有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的反意疑問句的用法。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的特征：本身有詞義，但完全。因此不能獨(dú)立作謂語，只能和動(dòng)詞原形一起構(gòu)成謂語。后接動(dòng)詞不定式一律不帶to不隨人稱和數(shù)的變化。情態(tài)動(dòng)詞各自的基本意義及用法表、can與could用法對比表對比點(diǎn)cancould1、表“能力”Canyouliftthisheavybox?Icouldn'tunderstandwhathesaidatall.2、表“許可”Youcanuseadifferentmaterialinstead.HesaidIcouldborrowhisbike.3、“懷疑”No,no,itcan'tbetrue.Whatonearthcanthismean?Wethoughtthestorycouldnotbetrue.Howcouldyoubesocareless?4、can與beableto區(qū)別could代替can，表示語氣更為婉轉(zhuǎn)。Eg.CouldIuseyourbike?Yes,Icancan（能夠）beableto僅表能力時(shí)），但beableto表示番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時(shí)態(tài)。Hewasagoodswimmer,soheswimtotheriverbanwhentheboatsank.A.couldB.mightC.shallD.wasableto表二、may與might用法對比表對比點(diǎn)mayMight1?表“詢問”MayI…？（二CanI…？）MightI…？（二CouldI…?）（但比用may更客氣）2.表“允許”Youmaytaketheboythere.Hetoldmehemightcome.（might與told相呼應(yīng)）3?表“可能”“或許”Shemaynorlikethisplace.I'mafraidhemightnotlikethisplay.注：MayI…?的答語。may可表示期望或祝愿Mayyousucceed!may（might）用于目的狀語從句中肯定：Yes,youmay.否定：No,youmustn't不行（語氣強(qiáng)硬）No,youmaynot或No,you'dbetternot.Theemperorgavethemsomegoldin

orderthattheymightbegintheirworkatonce.表三、must與haveto的用法對比表對比點(diǎn)musthaveto1?表“必須”（主觀看法）必須；沒有過去式，可用于間接引語中。HetoldmeImustdoaccordingtowhathesaid.（客觀需要）不得不，有多種時(shí)態(tài)。It'srainingheavily,wecan'tgonow?2.疑問句MustI…？Yes,youmust.（一定）No,youneedn't./youdon'thaveto.（不必）Doyouhavetogotoday?Yes,wedo.否定句：Youdon'thavetoworryaboutthat.表四、need與dare的用法對比表對比點(diǎn)needdare1?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞原形1）否定式2）疑問式Heneednot（needn't）go.Needwedoitagain?No,youneedn'tdoitagain.Hedarenotsayso.Dareshegooutaloneatnight?HowdareyousayI'munfair?Ifhedaredothat,he'llbepunished.（條件句）Idaresay.（固定用法）2.行為動(dòng)詞+帶to不定式1）肯定式2）否定式3）疑問式Heneedstogo.Hedoesn't（doesnot）needtogo.Doesheneedtodoitagain?No,hedoesrftneedotdoitagain.Hedarestosay.Hedoesnot（doesn?t）daretosay.Ifyoudaretojumpintothewaterfromhere,sodareI.3.didnotneedtodo表示過去沒有必要做Shedidn'tneedtoattendthemeetingyesterday,andshestayedwithherchildren.（她沒有參加）表五、should與oughtto用法對比表對比點(diǎn)shouldoughtto1、表“應(yīng)該”表勸告、建議Youshouldlistentothedoctor'sadvice.WeshouldlearnfromZhangHua表示“有責(zé)任有必要”做某事Yououghttofinishyourworkbeforeyougohome.Weoughttohelpeachother.2、表“估計(jì)”Theyshouldgethomeby表示“非?？赡堋钡氖拢勺g為“總應(yīng)該”Ifwestarttoworkright

now?now,weoughttofinishitbeforelunch.（午飯前應(yīng)當(dāng)能十完）注：1）、should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用2）.注意：oughtto的疑問式及否定式Oughthetogo?Yes,Ithinkheoughtto.No,heoughtn'tto.否定式：oughtnottoa或oughtn'ttodo（不說oughttonotdo）反疑問句：oughtn't?表六、shall與will的用法對比表shallWill1.征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：ShallI(we)…？Shallhe(she)…？WhereshallI(we)waitforyou?1.詢問對方的意思或向?qū)Ψ教岢鲆螅篧illyou（please）…？Won'tyou…？Wouldyouliketo…？（用would替代will更客氣）Won'tyougoandseethefilm你不去看電影嗎？Yes,IthinkIwill.不，我想去。2.表示說話人的“意愿”有“命令”“警告”“強(qiáng)制”“允諾”“決心”等，用于第二、三人稱，要重讀。YoushalldowhatItellyou(todo).我叫你干什么你就干什么。Everythingshallbedonetosavetheship.—定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。表示“意志”“意愿”，用于各種人稱：Iwon'tdoanythingyoudon'tlike.我不會(huì)做任何你不喜歡的事。Would表示過去時(shí)間的“意志”“意愿”Shylockwouldnottakethemoneyearlier.夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。表七：usedto與would用法對比表usedtowould1?表示過夫的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)，重在與現(xiàn)在情況的對比.不一定要有時(shí)間狀語。只表示過去動(dòng)作的重復(fù)，有明確的時(shí)間狀語IwouldgotoseemygrandfatheronSundaywhenhewasinthemiddleschool.would后只接表動(dòng)作的動(dòng)詞，不接表認(rèn)識(shí)或狀態(tài)動(dòng)詞Heusedtobenervousintheexam.Iusedtoplaycardsalot,butnowIseldomplay.Myhometownisnotwhatitusedtobe.2.表示過去的習(xí)慣有時(shí)可互換：Whenwewereveryyoung,weusedto/wouldgoskatingeverywinter.2.表示過去的次數(shù)時(shí)，不能使用：（丿）WewenttotheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung.

(X)Weusedtogo/wouldgototheGreatWallfivetimeswhenwewereyoung;注:usedtodo的否定式:usedn'ttodo或didn'tusetodo(usedn't也可寫作usen't)疑問式：_TDidyouusetodo?JDidn*tyouusetodo?-Usedyoutodo?_Usedn*tyoutodo?情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的意義:mustn't不許、禁止shouldn'tmustn't不許、禁止shouldn't不應(yīng)該needn't不必1、大多數(shù)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞（除表‘能力、許可、意志'外），都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。按其可能性程度的高低排列為:Must>will>would>oughtto>should>can>could>may>might肯定完全可能很可能可能有可能2.注意區(qū)分情態(tài)動(dòng)詞的否定的含義:maynot或許不、可能不mightnot可能不can't不可能3.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測具體運(yùn)用:情態(tài)動(dòng)詞可以對現(xiàn)在、進(jìn)行、過去推測S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+adj對“性質(zhì)”“特征”的推測S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+n對“職業(yè)”“事物”的推測S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+v原對經(jīng)常性行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+V-ing對進(jìn)行著的行為的推測S主+情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+have+PP對過去的行為的推測特別提醒：情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測時(shí)1、can只能用于否定句和疑問句2、must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實(shí)就用can來代替了）3、如句中有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+完成時(shí)，定是對過去的推測。4、句中如有表示不冃定的話語，如：Iamnotsure;Idon'tknow之類，常選may/might的各種形式4.記住下面幾組表示反勸的特殊的表推測的形式1）.could+have+PP表示本來能做到，但事實(shí)上沒有做到。Hecouldhavefinishedthetaskontime,buttheheavysnowcame.2）.couldn't+have+PP表示本來不能做到,但已經(jīng)做到了。Shecouldnothavecoveredthewholedistance,butinfactshearrivedaheadoftime.3）needn't+have+pp表示本不必做的，但已經(jīng)做到了。Sheneedn'thaveattendedthemeetingyesterday,butshedid.4.)should/oughtto+have+PP表示該做而沒有做Theplantisdead.Ishould/oughttohavegivenotmorewater.5)shouldn't/oughtn'tto+have+PP表示不該做而做了。Yououghtrftto/shouldnthavetakenherbikewithoutpermission.5.記住下面對比表：must只能用于肯定句（它的否定句和疑問句其實(shí)就用can來代替了）l.must+have+PP表示對過去肯定的推測，譯為“一定是，準(zhǔn)是”Theroadiswet.Itmusthaverainedyesterday.2.can+have+PP表示對過去的推測（限于問句中）Canshehavesaidso?他可能這樣說嗎？3.can't+have+PP表示對過去的否定推測Hecannothavesaidsuchafoolishthing.情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的反意疑問句情態(tài)動(dòng)詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后的時(shí)態(tài)為淮，如句子里有明確的時(shí)間狀語，則以