材料科學(xué)與基礎(chǔ)英文詞匯

材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)重要概念（中英文）晶休學(xué)棊礎(chǔ)岸怵學(xué)(crysfalloyr^iphy)片休生成學(xué)CcrysTMllD^cny)耳怵姑檢學(xué)Ccrytallngy')界林化學(xué)(Grystallntli￡uiifttrj,')片休結(jié)掏(crystalKtriicture^咋1/穡飲it(lattidctamslati(mivector')初圾'Y1-胞(primitivecell'、貞眸厲數(shù)；(lattiyeparanurtDT')對(duì)稱變換(syiruinctT^traTiKlaticn1)主勸操fl：〔activeiipcraticm\円際符號(hào)m+cma.tionaltiotiiticwi3,U和稱操竹■(puiTitsyrnnuctry□pcmrinii〕疑裕撫柞tnrtatitiriopc^iticni).:次疑轉(zhuǎn)古土CtwK)-toldcLiEid)UU腹施轉(zhuǎn)軸(four-foldtenad)銀像[miiTOT■iTnagc)對(duì)形關(guān)奚、(LuantionnLiTpliidrcltitii)n)反滔11JIVCTSKJD)韶■系(.crystal町wtem)」P斜晶裁1mciinti1inicsystem)回方晶系<j￡7j'晶系)<tetragonalsystem)A廳晶査(hexagerna]syrfem)熊Al利斯符號(hào)(SchaciiflicsJicitiaticm)恒導(dǎo)操作(單位操作)(ixtentity)加傳抽(t(rtationaxa?工按雄轉(zhuǎn)址(three-foldaxe,triad)布則衛(wèi))T呼CBravaislattic：c)休4、It(HlyGcntcring)底上「化Chaseecntcring)恃殊心優(yōu)(Kpccialtertrnng〉rVi商〔cTysta]plaTic\品{屮〕血折數(shù)(crystal—planeindier)晶帯(znnd)倒易空聞(ncciiTTOcalspace)酵考球(rcfbrcjicc呂phen;)經(jīng)線Ckjngitadc3亦道平[tO{equatorplaned械網(wǎng)〔卩nlunctl結(jié)構(gòu)畢元(mutif)卅怦幾何學(xué)CgconLctTLcalGrystallograpliy\rVi休物理學(xué)Ccnystallogript^Kics)等同點(diǎn)(equivalentpoint')貞陣〔Lattice)初且譏曰*(jjnimtivetrarslaticmvcctui^復(fù)式初基單胞(inultiplE—primiti^cell)剤扇;元素(Eymmetryelement)別材聊(s^imiKtrygraiip)被功(passiveopmitkm)貞陣有jIS化Cucntcrin百oflattice)向?l"曠化(tacccjcntmng}11丫Ljfif心化(one-fkeEccnturin^、擊*i問(wèn)(crysta]d.irccti(?n)A撫旋轉(zhuǎn)抽Csix-toldaxe,hesad)[th〔mirrorplane)同字CciHiyrLijcnt}加轉(zhuǎn)反帕5rtatkin-jnvcTBitraj三余I■晶爰(.triclinicsptam)止交晶茂〔耒I方片茂)f□Ttho^nnalxyjitETn)'■/方晶理(.cubicsystem)菱方晶F；〔rhumbolicdinlsystcm)品l&l〔方IM〕折數(shù)Icrj'stal—dSnsetiHmindicc)rVi血族(iarmofcrystal-plane$倒易山陣frccipnjcallatticed槻射亦南投:膵Csttrcograpliicprejettion'?總考阿絡(luò){ncftrcTicejnid)締線(LatitiiduJ矣氏網(wǎng)CWulffmet)標(biāo)朮投襪網(wǎng)CsdsiTukiTTlprojcction；晶體結(jié)構(gòu)品怵結(jié)樹(crystalKtructurc\蠟樹軸號(hào)〔jitructLircsymbol)鮑林坯則(Pauling'KtuJc^氧+t物姑掬(uxidD!3tniCllUE)致密度(空間填充效率)(C伍cicncyofspacefilling)配位數(shù)(coordinationnumber)配位莎面體(coordinationpolyhcdra)拓?fù)涿芏严?topologicallyclose-packedphase)金屬晶休(metalcrystal)離子晶休(ioniccrystal)共價(jià)晶休(covalentcrystal)分子晶體(molecularcrystal)原子半徑和離予半徑(atomicradiusandionicradius)原子給構(gòu)體積(vollimeofstructureperatom)體密度(volumetricdensity,pv)[tri密度(planardensity^pP)線密度<lineardensity,pl)金剛石結(jié)構(gòu)(diamondstructtirc)納米碳管(carbonimnotube)直換同溶體(substitutionalsolidsolution)填隙同溶體CintcTStitialsolids.olution)尺、JI大I素(sizeiketor)價(jià)電子濃鹿(valanceelectronconcentration)電子化合物〔electroncompound)間原化合物Ctnterstirialcompound)尺寸I大I素化合物〈sizc-fhctorcompound〉Laves相(Lavesphase)。相phase)巖鹽結(jié)構(gòu)(rockwtructurc)纖維鋅礦結(jié)構(gòu)(wurtzitcstructure)閃鋅礦結(jié)構(gòu)(zincblendestructure)尖晶石結(jié)構(gòu)(spinelstructure)a-AinOj型結(jié)構(gòu)(comndumstructure)金紅石纟專構(gòu)(Turtlestructure)螢石結(jié)構(gòu)(fluoTitcstriictiirC鈣鈦礦結(jié)構(gòu)〈pcrowkitcstructure》tk飲礦纟吉構(gòu)(ilmenitestructure)氮化鏈結(jié)構(gòu)〈cesiumchloridestructure)硅酸鹽(silicate)懺狀硅酸鹽(cliainsilicate)層狀硅酸鹽(phylloEilioitc)島狀硅段鹽(inlands-ilicatc)骨架結(jié)構(gòu)(frameworkstructiirc)鏤橄橫石給構(gòu)(fi)rstcritcstructure)輝石(picrite)粘土礦(cluymineral)高嶺石(kaolinite)云母(mica)石英(quartz)鱗石英(tridymite)方石英〔cristobalite)鈣長(zhǎng)石(anorthite)分子篩(moleculesift)同素丹拘性(Mlotropy)多形性(polymorphism)有序同溶休(超結(jié)構(gòu))[orderedsolidsolution(superlattice)]長(zhǎng)程有序參數(shù)(long-rangeorderpaTanictcr)準(zhǔn)晶Cquasicr}rs.tal)觀歲斯拼砌(Penrosetiling)短程有序參數(shù)(shot-rangeorderparameter)不完整性不完整性(imperfection)點(diǎn)缺陷Ipointimperfection、空位(vacancy)白問(wèn)隙原子Cself-interstitial)構(gòu)型爛(configurationentropy")肖脫基缺陷(Schottkydefect)弗蘭克缺陷(Frenkeldefbet)內(nèi)稟點(diǎn)缺陷(intrinsicpointdefect)#嚥點(diǎn)缺陷(extrinsicpointdefect)線缺陷(lineimpcrfcction)位措(dislocation)晶體缺陷向錯(cuò)(disclination)沃伶拉過(guò)程(Voltcrra'sprocess)刃型位錯(cuò)(edgedislocation-)嫖型位鉗(screwdislocation)混臺(tái)型位錨(mixeddislocation)柏氏回路(Burgerscircuit)柏氏矢繪(Burgersvector)位錯(cuò)環(huán)(dislocationloop)位錯(cuò)密度(dislocationdensity)位錯(cuò)的弾性能(clasticenergyofdislocation)位錯(cuò)線張力(tensionofdislocation)位?錯(cuò)寬度(widthofdislocation)保守運(yùn)動(dòng)(conservativemotion)非保守運(yùn)動(dòng)(門onxmecrvati、?motion)滑移Sp)滑動(dòng)(glissile)攀移(climb)自力(self-force)潘透力(osmoticfoTcc>映像力(iiTiagcforce)彎結(jié)(kink)割階(jog)柯垂?fàn)枤怏wCCottrellatmosphere)史諾克邑體〈Snockatmosphere)弗蘭克?瑞德位錯(cuò)源(Fnmk-Rudsource)B?H位錨源(Bsndccn-Herringsource)位錯(cuò)璧積群(dislocationpile-upgroup)全位錯(cuò)(perfectdislocation)堆垛層錯(cuò)(stackingikult)部分為錯(cuò)或不仝位錯(cuò)(partialdislocation)內(nèi)票層錯(cuò)(intrinsicfault)表面能(surfaceenergy)晶界(grainboundary)小介度晶界Gowanglcgrainboundary>A角度晶界(highanglegrainboundary*傾轉(zhuǎn)晶界(tiltboundary〉扭轉(zhuǎn)晶界(twistboundary)相界(phaseboundary)層錨矢屋(faultvector)外延層錯(cuò)(extrinsicfault)層錨能(stackingfaultenergy)肖克萊部分為錯(cuò)(Shockleypartialdislocation)鈴木氣團(tuán)(Suziikiatmosphere)弗蘭克位錯(cuò)(Frankpartialdislocation)擴(kuò)展位錨(extendeddislocation)IK桿位錯(cuò)(stair-rodpartialdislocation)Lomcr-Cottrcll位錨(.Lomcr-Cottrclldislocation)L?C阻塞(L-CLock)赫斯阻室(Hirthlock)分位錯(cuò)Cfractionaldislocation)超點(diǎn)陣Cs.iiperlattice)反相疇(Antiphasedomain}反相隊(duì)界(Antipliascboundary,APB)超位錯(cuò)Cs-upcr-dislocation)弗蘭克■納巴羅回豁CFrank-Nabanocircuit)向錯(cuò)弼度(disclinationstrength)條紋織構(gòu)(schlicrcntexture)適@0(matching)共格晶#(coherentboundary)#共格晶yr(incohcrcntboundary)晶界遷移冷(grainboundarymobility)取向關(guān)系(orienUtionrelationship)氣泡(gssbabble)空洞gid)擴(kuò)散不可逆過(guò)程(irreversibleprocess)擴(kuò)散(difliision)唯茲糸數(shù)〔phenomenologicalcoefficient)擠列結(jié)拘(crowdionconfiguration)空位機(jī)制(vacancymechanism)擴(kuò)散流繪Ctlux)實(shí)驗(yàn)參考系Claboratorjrreferenceframe)菲克第一定律(Fick'sfimlaw)擴(kuò)散垂數(shù)(dHhisioncoefficient)互擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(mutualdiffusioncoefficient)穩(wěn)態(tài)護(hù)散(steadystatediffusion)Malano平聞(Mata.nointerface)同位素<isotope)擴(kuò)散偶■(diffusioncouple)傳質(zhì)過(guò)程(masstransport)擴(kuò)散距離■(diffusiondistance)間隙機(jī)制(interstitialmechanism)啞鈴結(jié)構(gòu)<dumbbellsplitconfiguration)換位機(jī)制(exchangemcclianisn)參考系(referenceframe)貞陣參考系〔1atticcreferenceframe)」匸克第二定彳聿(Fick^ssecondlaw)窠性擴(kuò)散系數(shù)(intrinsicdiffu^ioncoefficient)自擴(kuò)散系數(shù)〔sclf-diffusioncocflicioit)Kirkendall效應(yīng)(Kirkendalleffect)熱力學(xué)因子Cthcmx>dyTia.Tnicfactor)示蹤物(tUKxr)戻差函數(shù)■(cnorfunction)亞穽蘭亞穽蘭<dunimy^有很差分〔finite-diffcrcncic)毬斷懼差Ctnuicatioiicrtur｝朽黃系數(shù)(cinTclaticjntactcr)依護(hù)散｛voliiTncdiffusion')位當(dāng)護(hù)戰(zhàn)CJislncatitTndittliftion)遷移率(mobility;數(shù)tfl^r'fi<muncricalmcthcid?收窕t性(ccmvcT^gDiiccJ舍入豈差(.muiid-offEiTcir')帝護(hù)數(shù)率通道^high-diffiisn'itypitlo?薩-井護(hù)散<graiiibomidary )我店擴(kuò)散■(surlii-ccdiffLisitm｝淒瑾率(pcmKMbilityj凝固分配垂數(shù)Qpurritifflicocfticicmt^區(qū)域提純Cznnc-ncfiningJOB晶的良.成Ccelltbn?titwi、.咆捉樹執(zhí)晶(cclhil町業(yè)ndrit"社氓樹枝晶C-cclunmitiTdEiidritc)共晶凝庵〔cutcirticstihdificatitrn)旦品凝|亢(peritecticsolitlificaticyn^偏析(segTP孚tion)熔算(tiisionweldingJ打上述凝|古，〔ra.pidsolidiikario11jtuccss)連睦禱造〔芒HiitinLiuitsea?rii烏J樹枝狀城微偏護(hù)【dtndriticmieresegregation)I!'■平衡杠桿定律〔nou^M|i￡ilibrimn1cvcinig〕爼廿過(guò)冷iiKtitLiiicTialsiqjcrcoolinu)胞機(jī)粗臥Ccdlulai-itTrcliiir).枝鼎血rydcndiitc.)—袂支晶〔pnmaiydendrite)枝品偏析tdendritescgr-cg^tiera)麗共晶令■主(hypotutccticalldj)過(guò)共晶修全(hypcruMtcctiealley)片狀(laTncllai)捧狀(「口(1-味匚)共品I蝕域｛cutcchct：nloily)偽共M(pscucio-cuiccric)離■卄共冷<divorced<utcutic)激冷區(qū)(chilleliticD柱狀晶底｛coliuTinajzvsnu/等軸晶區(qū)cquiax^dzlttici)收縮晶區(qū)<shriitkagccavity)疏松tparqSity>IL令屆羽-朵購(gòu)non-metallicincluKioE)熔池(weldptK)l)幄件區(qū)(ccmpo^itcregim)熱笏響區(qū)(hcat-atiooted.ztwie)JfEchanic￡lpropertie^JfEchanic￡lpropertie^：丈學(xué)性老Electrictlproperties：電性能材料科學(xué)基礎(chǔ)名稱與術(shù)語(yǔ)_ 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