英語-揚州某大學2022年碩士研究生初試試卷入學考試真題

揚州大學

2022年碩士研究生招生考試初試試題（A卷）

科目代碼241科目名稱若港滿分@

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PartOneUseofEnglish

Directions:Thereare20blanksinthefallowingpassage.Foreachblanktherearefourchoices

markedA),B)fC)andD).YoushouldchoosetheONEthatbestfitsintothepassageandwrite

youranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(20points,1pointforeach)

Communicatingclearly-toyourboss,co-workers,friends,children,spouse-isacritical

partofyoursuccessandyour_1_toimprovetheconditionsyouliveandworkin.Manypeople

thinkthatgoodcommunicationisbom,not_2_,andthatsomepeoplearejust_3_good

speakersandmotivators.Theythinktherestofusarejust_4_tositonthesidelines.

Communicationisahabit.Andbeingahabit,itcanbe_5_andmastered.Itis_6_an

importanthabit,infact,thatit_7_itsownstep,itsownplace_8_thepathtosuccess.

Ifsalsoalittledifferent._9_theothergoodhabitsyouaretryingto_10_,thisoneis

notjust_11_self-directedcontrolandinnerfbcus.Communicationisinteractionoutside

yourself^withotherpeople,andabouttheabilitytogauge(測量，衡量)a_12_sothatyou

conveytherightthingatthe_13_time.

Lifeisaboutthe_14_withotherpeople:thoseaboveus(ourboss),those_15_us(our

employeesandchildren).The_16_ofcommunicationisabouthowtomake_17_witheach

ofthesegroupssothattheycanhelpyouachieveyour_18_?andyou,inturn,canhelpthem

achievetheirs.Foreventhoughyouareontheroadtoself-improvement,it'snota_19_you're

takinginavacuum.

Ifyoucan'tcommunicatewithpeople,youhavedramatically_20_youchancesfor

success.

1.A)abilityB)partC)desireD)intention

2.A)formedB)builtC)producedD)made

3.A)clearlyB)naturallyC)obviouslyD)simply

4.A)destinedB)devotedC)delightedD)decided

5.A)affectedB)createdC)moldedD)learned

6.A)butB)justC)suchD)so

7.A)deservesB)declaresC)affirmsD)confirms

8.A)alongB)forC)withD)on

9.A)UnlikeB)LikeC)AsD)Despite

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10.A)maintainB)trainC)nourishD)establish

11.A)merelyB)aboutC)theD)fbr

12.A)plightB)circumstanceC)situationD)surrounding

13.A)rightB)trueC)improperD)exact

14.A)talkingB)contactingC)mixingD)dealing

15.A)aroundB)besideC)underD)by

16.A)technologyB)craftC)artD)technique

17.A)friendsB)contactC)peaceD)through

18.A)resultsB)effectsC)purposesD)goals

19.A)journeyB)routeC)processD)course

20.A)lostB)ruinedC)narrowedD)worsen

PartTwoReadingComprehension

SectionA

Directions:Inthissection,thereare4passages.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsor

unfinishedstatements.ForeachofthemtherearefourchoicesmarkedA)fB)tC)andD),You

shoulddecideonthebestchoiceandwriteyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(40points,2

pointsforeach)

Questions21to25arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Intheearlieststagesofman'sdevelopmenthehadnomoreneedofmoneythananimals

have.Hewascontentwithverysimpleformsofshelter,madehisownroughtoolsandweapons

andcouldprovidefoodandclothingforhimselfandhisfamilyfromnaturalmaterialsaround

him.Ashebecamemorecivilized,however,hebegantowantbettershelter,moreefficienttools

andweapons,andmorecomfortableandmorelastingclothingthancouldbeprovidedbyhisown

neighborhoodorbytheworkofhisownunskilledhands.Forthesethingshehadtoturntothe

skilledpeoplesuchassmiths,leatherworkersorcarpenterswhowerespringingupeverywhere.It

wasthenthatthequestionofpaymentarose.

Atfirsthegotwhathewantedbyasimpleprocessofexchange.Thesmithwhohadnotthe

timetolookafterlandorcattlewasgladtotakemeatorgrainfromthefarmerinexchangeforan

axeoraplough.Butasmoreandmoregoodswhichhadnofixedexchangevaluecameonthe

market,exchangebecametoocomplicatedtobesatisfactory.Anotherproblemarosewhenthose

whomadethingswantedtogetstocksofwoodorleather,oriron,buthadnothingtoofferin

exchangeuntiltheirfinishedgoodswereready.

Thusthedifficultiesofexchangeledbydegreestotheinventionofmoney.Insome

countries,easilyhandledthingslikeseedsorshellsweregivenacertainvalueandthefarmer,

insteadofpayingthesmithforanewaxebygivinghimsomemeatorgrain,gavehimsomany

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shells.Ifthesmithhadanyshellsleftwhenhehadboughthisfood,hecouldgetstocksoftheraw

materialsofhistrade.Insomecountriesquitelargethingssuchascowsorcamelsorevenbigflat

stoneswereusedfortrade.Later,piecesofmetal,bearingvaluesaccordingtotherarityofthe

metalandthesizeofthepieces,orcoinswereused.Moneyasweknowithadarrived.

21.Whywereearlymencontentwiththeirsimplelife?

A)Theydidnothavemoney.

B)Theyhadnobettertoolsthantheirroughones.

C)Theyhadbeencivilized.

D)Theylivedinself-sufficiency.

22.Asmenbecamemorecivilizedthey.

A)gotthingsfromotherskilledhands

B)hadtotravelalottolookforwhattheywanted

C)alllearnttomakewhattheywantedthemselves

D)foundeverythingfromtheirneighborhood

23.Theword“rarity”(Line6,Para.3)means.

A)valueB)purityC)unusualnessD)bareness

24.Thesystemofexchangegotdifficultbecausethiskindofthinghappened:.

A)theshoemakercouldnotgetleatherfromthehunterbecausethehunterhadnoleather

B)thehunterwouldnotexchangehisleatherforshoesbecausehedidnotwantanyshoes

C)thehunterwouldnotgiveleathertotheshoemakerbecausetheshoemakerhadnoshoes

readytogivehim

D)thehuntercouldnotgetleatherfromtheshoemakerbecausethehunterhadnoshoes

25.Moneywasnotuseduntil.

A)anurgentneedfbritwasfelt

B)theexchangeofonethingforanotherbecametoocomplicated

C)nothingcouldbeofferedinexchange

D)asimpleprocessofexchangecametobepracticed

Questions26to30arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Realpolicemenhardlyrecognizeanyresemblancebetweentheirlivesandwhattheyseeon

TV.

Thefirstdifferenceisthatapoliceman'srealliferevolvesroundcriminallaw.Hehasto

knowexactlywhatactionsarecrimesandwhatevidencecanbeusedtoprovethemincourt.He

hastoknownearlyasmuchlawasaprofessionallawyer,andwhatismore,hehastoapplyiton

hisfeet,inthedarkandrain,runningdownastreetaftersomeonehewantstotalkto.

Littleofhistimeisspentinchatting.Hewillspendmostofhisworkinglifetypingmillions

ofwordsonthousandsofformsabouthundredsofsad,unimportantpeoplewhoareguiltyof

stupid,pettycrimes.

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科目代碼241科目名稱英港滿分皿

Mosttelevisioncrimedramaisaboutfindingthecriminal:assoonashe'sarrested,thestoryis

over.Inreallife,findingcriminalsisseldommuchofaproblem.Exceptinveryseriouscaseslike

murdersandterroristattackslittleeffortisspentonsearching.

Havingmadeanarrest,adetectivereallystarttowork.Hehastoprovehiscaseincourtand

todothatheoftenhastogatheralotofdifferentevidence.

Atthirdbigdifferencebetweenthedramadetectiveandtherealoneistheunpleasant

pressures:first,asmembersofapoliceforcetheyalwayshavetobehaveabsolutelyinaccordance

withthelaw.Secondly,asexpensivepublicservantstheyhavetogetresults.Theycanhardlyever

doboth.Mostofthetimesomeofthemhavetobreaktherulesinsmallways.

Ifthedetectivehastodeceivetheworld,theworldoftendeceiveshim.Hardlyanyonehe

meetstellshimthetruth.Andthisseparationthedetectivefeelsbetweenhimselfandtherestof

theworldisdeepenedbythesimple-mindedness,asheseesit,ofcitizens,socialworkers,doctors,

law-makers,andjudges,who,insteadofeliminatingcrimes,punishthecriminalslessseverelyin

thehopethatthiswillmakethemreform.Theresult,detectivesfeel,isthatnine-tenthsoftheir

workisre-catchingpeoplewhoshouldhavestayedbehindbars.Thismakesthemrathercynical.

26.Whycriminallawisveryimportantinrealpolicemen'slife?

A)Theyhopetobecomeprofessionallawyers.

B)Theyhopetobecomejudgesoneday.

C)Theyneedtochaseafterthemurders.

D)Theyneedtojustifythearrestshemakesofcriminals.

27.Whichofthefollowingfactsistrueofarealpoliceman?

A)Hespendmostofhisworktimechasingafterthecriminals.

B)Hespendmuchofhisworktimediscussingthecasewithothers.

C)Inmostcases,theyspendlittleeffortfindingcriminals.

D)Inmostcases,theyspendmuchtimepatrollingthestreet,rainorshine.

28.Accordingtothepassage,arealpolicemanmustfeel.

A)disastrousB)deterioratingC)distressingD)jubilant

29.Whydotherealpolicemenfeelthepressureintheirwork?

A)Hehastogetthemostdesirableresultswithoutbreakingthelawinanyway.

B)Hehastojustifyhisarrestswhileunabletoprovidesufficientevidenceinmostcases.

C)Hecanhardlyfindenoughtimetolearncriminallawwhileburdenedwithnumerous

criminalcases.

D)Hehastoprovidethebestpossiblepublicserviceattheleastpossibleexpense.

30.Whydopolicemenfeelseparatedfromtherestoftheworld?

A)Becausetheydonotreceiveduesupportfromsociety.

B)Becausetheyhavedifferentopinionsonpunishingthecriminals.

C)Becausetheyfeelsuperiortosimple-mindedpeoplearoundthem.

D)Becausetheyaresuspiciousofthepeoplearoundthem.

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科目代碼241科目名稱英蚤滿分遒

Questions31to35arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Merchantandpassengershipsaregenerallyrequiredtohavealifepreserverforeveryperson

aboardand,inmanycases,acertainpercentageofsmallersizesforchildren.AccordingtoUnited

StatesCoastGuardrequirements,lifepreserversmustbesimpleindesign,reversible,capableof

beingquicklyadjustedtofittheuninitiatedindividual,andmustbesodesignedastosupport

thewearerinthewaterinanuprightorslightlybackwardposition.

Sufficientbuoyancytosupportthewearershouldberetainedbythelifepreserverafter48

hourinthewater,anditshouldbereliableevenafterlongperiodofstorage.Thusitshouldbe

madeofmaterialsresistanttosunlight,gasoline,andoils,anditshouldbenoteasilysetonfire.

Thepositioninwhichthelifepreserverwillsupportapersonwhojumpsorfallsintothe

waterismostimportant,asisitstendencytoturnthewearerinthewaterfromaface-down

positiontoanuprightorslightlybackwardposition,withhisfaceclearofthewater,evenwhen

thewearerisexhaustedorunconscious.

Themethodofadjustmenttothebodyshouldbesimple,andself-evidenttouninitiated

personseveninthedarkundertheconfusedconditionswhichfollowadisaster.Thus,thelife

preservershouldbereversible,sothatitisnearlyimpossibletosetitonwrong.Catches,straps,

andtiesshouldbekepttoaminimum.Inaddition,thelifepreservermustbeadjustabletothe

widevarietyofshapesandsizesofwearers,sincethisgreatlyaffectsthepositionoffloatingand

theself-rightingqualities.Asuitablelifepreservershouldalsobecomfortabletowearatalltimes,

inandoutofthewater,notsoheavyastoencouragetotakeitoffonshipboardwhiletheshipis

indanger,norsoburdensomethatithindersapersoninthewaterwhiletryingtoswim.

31.Whatthemaintopicofthepassage?

A)Theusefulnessoflifepreservers.B)Thedesignoflifepreservers.

C)Thematerialsforlifepreservers.D)Thebuoyancyoflifepreservers.

32.Accordingtothepassage,alifepreservershouldbe,firstandforemost,.

A)adjustableB)disastrousC)burdensomeD)self-righting

33.ThelifepreserverisNOTrequiredbyUnitedStatesCoastGuardtobemade.

A)withasfewstringsaspossibleB)capableofbeingwornonbothsides

C)accordingtoeachwearer'ssizeD)comfortableandlighttowear

34.Whatdoes"theuninitiatedindividual”(Line4,Para.1)referto?

A)Thepersonwhohasnotbeeninstructedhowtousealifepreserver.

B)Thepersonwhojumpsorfallsintothewater.

C)Thepersonwhousesalifepreserverwithoutpermission.

D)Thepersonwhobecomesnervousbeforeadisaster.

35.Whatwouldhappenifapersonweresupportedbythelifepreserverinawrongposition?

A)Thewaveswouldmovehimbackwards.

B)Thewaterwouldchokehim.

C)Hewouldimmediatelysinktothebottom.

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科目代碼241科目名稱差蚤滿分儂

D)Hewouldbeexhaustedorunconscious.

Questions36to40arebasedonthefollowingpassage:

Awater-coveredplanetfacingawatercrisisseemsparadoxical.Andyetthatisexactlythe

realityonplanetEarth,where97percentofthewateristoosaltytoquenchhumanthirstorto

irrigatecrops.Tacklingwater-shortageissueswithdesalination-drawingfresh,drinkablewater

outofsaltyseawater_iscommoninthedesertnationsoftheMiddleEast,theCaribbeanandthe

Mediterranean.Butasthecostofdesalinationdropsandthepriceanddemandforwaterclimb,

countriesintemperateregionsareturningmoreandmoretothesea.

Peoplehavebeenpullingfreshwateroutoftheoceansforcenturiesusingtechnologiesthat

involveevaporation,whichleavesthesaltsandotherunwantedconstituentsbehind.Saltysource

waterisheatedtospeedevaporation,andtheevaporatedwateristhentrappedanddistilled.This

processworkswellbutrequireslargequantitiesofheatenergy,andcostshavebeenprohibitive

fornearlyallbutthewealthiestnations,suchasKuwaitandSaudiArabia.Tomaketheprocess

moreaffordable,modemdistillationplansrecycleheatfromtheevaporationstep.

Apotentiallycheapertechnologycalledmembranedesalinationmayexpandtheroleof

desalinationworldwide,whichtodayaccountsfbrlessthan0.2percentofthewaterwithdrawn

fromnaturalsources.Membranedesalinationreliesonreverseosmosis-aprocessinwhicha

thin,semipermeablemembraneisplacedbetweenavolumeofsaltwaterandavolumeof

freshwater.Thewateronthesaltysideishighlypressurizedtodrivewatermolecules,butnotsalt

andotherimpurities,tothepureside.Inessence,thisprocesspushesfreshwateroutofsaltwater.

Mostdesalinationresearchoverthepastfewyearshasfocusedonreverseosmosis,because

thefiltersandothercomponentsaremuchsmallerthantheevaporationchambersusedin

distillationplants.Reverse-osmosisplantsarealsomorecompactandenergy-efficient.

Althoughreverse-osmosisplantscanofferenergysavings,theearliestmembranes,made

fromeitherpolyamidefibersorcelluloseacetatesheets,werefragileandhadshortlifespans,

oftennolongerthanthreeyears.Thesematerialsarehighlysusceptibletocontaminantsinthe

sourcewater-~particularlychlorine,whichhardensthemembranes,andmicrobes,whichclog

them.Anewgenerationofso-calledthincompositemembranes,madefrompolyamidefilms,

promisestoeliminatetheseproblems.Thoughstillsusceptibletocontamination,thesenew

membranesaresturdier,providebetterfiltrationandmaylastupto10years.

Technicalperformanceisimportant,butitalonedoesnotdrivetheadoptionofdesalination

asasourceofcleanwater.Withorwithouttechnicalimprovements,themarketfordesalination

equipmentwillverylikelyshowhealthygrowthinthenext10yearsascitiesandotherconsumers

realizethepotentialandfavorableeconomicsofexistingequipment.

Hundredsofsuppliersarealreadysellingmanythousandsofpiecesofequipmentannually.

Thesedesalinationunitsrangeincapacityfromafewgallonsaday(smallemergencyunitsfbr

liferafts)toseveralmilliongallonsaday(municipalsystems).

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Todaythebestestimateisthatabout1percentoftheworld'sdrinkingwaterissuppliedby

12,500desalinationplants.Nodoubt,thisisonlythebeginning.Inthefuture,thewaterinyour

glassmayhaveoriginatedintheseas.

36.Thefirstsentenceofthefirstparagraphmeansthat.

A)thereshouldbenowatercrisisonawater-coveredplanet

B)althoughnoteasytounderstand,theEarthdoesfaceawatercrisis

C)itisunbelievablethatthereisawatercrisisonEarth

D)thewatercrisiscaneasilybetackledbecausetheEarthisawater-coveredplanet

37.Evaporationdesalination.

A)ismoreaffordablethanmembranedesalination

B)leavesnothingtobedesired

C)isaworkablesolutionforturningsaltyseawaterintodrinkingwater

D)isprohibitedinsomenationsintheMiddleEast

38.WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrueaboutthenewgenerationofcompositemembranes?

A)Theyarestrongerthantheoldones.

B)Theyarefreefromcontamination.

C)Theycanbetterfiltertheimpurities.

D)Theyaremuchmoreenduringthantheoldones.

39.Itisimpliedinthepassagethatmembranedesalination.

A)willsupersedealltheotherdesalinationtechnologies

B)tendstobethecheapestdesalinationtechnology

C)isfarfromperfect

D)isnobetterthanevaporationtechnology

40.Thispassageismainlyabout.

A)desalinationresearch

B)watercrisisonEarth

C)membranedesalination

D)thefutureofdrinkingwater

SectionB

Directions:Readthefollowingtextandanswerthequestionsbychoosingthemostsuitable

subheadingfromthelistA-Gforeachnumberedparagraph(41-45).Therearetwoextra

subheadingswhichyoudonotneedtouse.MarkyouranswersontheANSWERSHEET.(10

points,2pointsforeach)

SomeOldTruthstoHelpYouOvercomeToughTimes

Unfortunately,lifeisnotabedofroses.Wearegoingthroughlifefacingsadexperiences.

Moreover,wearegrievingvariouskindsofloss:afriendship,aromanticrelationshiporahouse.

Hardtimesmayholdyoudownatwhatusuallyseemslikethemostinopportunetime,butyou

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shouldrememberthattheywon'tlastforever.

Whenourtimeofmourningisover,wepressforward,strongerwithagreaterunderstanding

andrespectforlife.Furthermore,theselossesmakeusmatureandeventuallymoveustoward

futureopportunitiesforgrowthandhappiness.IwanttosharetheseoldtruthsI'velearnedalong

theway.

41._____________________________

Fearisbothusefulandharmful.Thisnormalhumanreactionisusedtoprotectusby

signalingdangerandpreparingustodealwithit.Unfortunately,peoplecreateinnerbarrierswith

ahelpofexaggeratingfears.MyfavoriteactorWillSmithoncesaid,“Fearisnotreal.Itisa

productofthoughtsyoucreate.Donotmisunderstandme.Dangerisveryreal.Butfearisa

choice.^^Idocompletelyagreethatfearsarejusttheproductofourluxuriantimagination.

42._____________________________

Ifyouaresurroundedbyproblemsandcannotstopthinkingaboutthepast,trytofocuson

thepresentmoment.Manyofusareweigheddownbythepastoranxiousaboutthefuture.You

mayfeelguiltoveryourpast,butyouarepoisoningthepresentwiththethingsandcircumstances

youcannotchange.Valuethepresentmomentandrememberhowfortunateyouaretobealive.

Enjoythebeautyoftheworldaroundandkeeptheeyesopentoseethepossibilitiesbeforeyou.

Happinessisnotapointoffutureandnotamomentfromthepast,butamindsetthatcanbe

designedintothepresent.

43._____________________________

Sometimesitiseasytofeelbadbecauseyouaregoingthroughtoughtimes.Youcanbe

easilycaughtupbylifeproblemsthatyouforgettopauseandappreciatethethingsyouhave.

Onlystrongpeopleprefertosmileandvaluetheirlifeinsteadofcryingandcomplainingabout

something.

44.________________________________

Nomatterhowisolatedyoumightfeelandhowseriousthesituationis,youshouldalways

rememberthatyouarenotalone.Trytokeepinmindthatalmosteveryonerespectsandwantsto

helpyouifyouaretryingtomakeagoodchangeinyourlife,especiallyyourdearestandnearest

people.Youmayhaveacircleoffriendswhoprovideconstantgoodhumor,helpand

companionship.Ifyouhavenofriendsorrelatives,trytoparticipateinseveralonline

communities,fullofpeoplewhoarealwayswillingtoshareadviceandencouragement.

45.________________________________

Todaymanypeoplefinditdifficulttotrusttheirownopinionandseekbalancebygaining

objectivityfromexte