-新教材高中英語UNIT6SurvivalSectionⅡUsinglanguage課后練習(xí)含解析外研版選擇性必修第二冊

PAGEPAGE7UsinglanguageⅠ.閱讀理解AInthepast50years,theamountofwaterintheopenoceanwithzerooxygenhasgoneupmorethanfourfold.Incoastalwaterbodies，includingrivermouthsandseas,low-oxygensiteshaveincreasedmorethantenfoldsince1950.ScientistsexpectoxygentocontinuedroppingevenoutsidethesezonesasEarthwarms.“Oxygenisfundamentaltolifeintheoceans，”saidDeniseBreitburg,amarineecologistwiththeSmithsonianEnvironmentalResearchCentre.“ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth'senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.Thereverberations(嚴(yán)重影響)ofunhealthyecosystemsintheoceancanbeextensive.”Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones”，likethoseinChesapeakeBayandtheGulfofMexico,oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey'reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.Buttheproblemgoesfarbeyond“deadzones”.Evensmalleroxygendeclinecanpreventgrowthinanimals,hinderreproductionandleadtodiseaseorevendeath.Itcanalsocausethereleaseofdangerouschemicalssuchasnitrousoxide,agreenhousegasupto300timesmorepowerfulthancarbondioxide.Whilesomeanimalscanboomin“deadzones”，overallbiodiversityfalls.Climatechangeisthekeycriminalintheopenocean.Warmingsurfacewatersmakeitharderforoxygentoreachtheinsideoftheocean.Furthermore,astheoceanasawholegetswarmer,itholdslessoxygen.Incoastalwaters,toomuchnutrientpollutionfromlandcreatesalgalblooms,whichuseupoxygenastheydieandbreakdown.People'slivelihoodsarealsoontheline,thescientistsreported,especiallyindevelopingnations.Smallerfisheries(漁場)maybeunabletorelocatewhenlowoxygendestroystheirharvestsorforcesfishtomoveelsewhere.Sowehumanshavetocarryonawarnowandwinthewar.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。人類活動導(dǎo)致全球變暖，氣候變化使海洋中的氧氣含量下降影響海洋生物的生存，這些相應(yīng)地會影響人類的生存，人類必須采取措施應(yīng)對此問題。1．Whatdoesthefirstparagraphmainlytalkabout?A．Theoceanhasbeenlosingitsoxygen.B．Theamountofseawaterisincreasing.C．Thecoastalwaterbodiesaredangerous.D．Earthbecomeswarmerandwarmer.解析：選A段落大意題。通讀第一段可知海洋面臨的現(xiàn)狀，在過去的50年里，海洋中零氧水域的水量增加了四倍多，低氧場所自1950年以來增加了十倍多。通過這些現(xiàn)狀科學(xué)家預(yù)計，隨著地球變暖，即使在這些區(qū)域之外，氧氣含量也會繼續(xù)下降，故選A。2．WhatcanweinferfromDeniseBreitburg'swords?A．Differentoceanshavedifferentlevelsofoxygen.B．Thedeclineinoceanoxygenhasgreatinfluences.C．Thefutureoftourismreliesonthelevelsofoceanoxygen.D．Thedecreaseinoceanoxygenisthemostseriousenvironmentalproblem.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段DeniseBreitburg所說的話可知，海洋氧氣的減少是人類活動對地球環(huán)境最嚴(yán)重的影響之一，這種不良的海洋生態(tài)系統(tǒng)的嚴(yán)重影響還會擴(kuò)大，由此可見海洋氧氣的減少有很大影響，故選B。3．Howdoesthe“deadzone”affectseaanimals?A．Itoffersmorefood.B．Itformsdangerousgas.C．Itreducestheirlivingareas.D．Itproducesmorecarbondioxide.解析：選C推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Inareastraditionallycalled“deadzones”...oxygenplummets(大幅下跌)tosolowlevelsthatmanyanimalsdie.Asfishavoidthesezones,theirhabitatsbecomesmallerandthey'reeasiertobeattackedorcaught.可知，在“死亡地帶”，氧氣大幅下跌，許多動物死去。當(dāng)魚類避開這些區(qū)域時，它們的棲息地變小，更容易被攻擊或捕獲，故選C。4．Howcanwewinthewaraccordingtothetext?A．Byclosingsmallerfisheries.B．Bycontrollinghumans'badactivities.C．Byimprovingpeople'slivingstandards.D．Bystoppingnutrientsenteringtheocean.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第二段中的ThedeclineinoceanoxygenranksamongthemostseriouseffectsofhumanactivitiesontheEarth'senvironment.Actually,it'sagreatlosstoallthesupportservicesthatrelyonrecreationandtourism,includinghotelsandrestaurantsandtaxidriversandeverythingelse.可知，是人類活動導(dǎo)致了海洋氧氣減少，所以要解決此問題必須控制人類的有害活動，故選B。BAnewstudy,publishedinthejournalGlobalChangeBiology,trackednearly20,000markedfishinSonomaCountystreamsfrom2011to2017.TheRussianRiverwatershed(分水嶺)ishometoahighlyendangeredpopulationofcohosalmon(銀鮭魚),whichnearlycollapsedintheearly2000's,buthasbeenrecoveringsincethenthroughaconservationprogram.“Wecouldmeasuresurvivalduringthishistoricdrought,whichwillhelpusunderstandhowfuturedroughtswillaffectthispopulation，”saysRossVanderVorste,whoconductedtheanalysisforthestudy.ClimatechangeleadstomorefrequentandseveredroughtsinCalifornia.Inthewatershed,andelsewhereincoastalCalifornia,salmonspendmuchoftheirlifeinsmallstreams.Thesestreamsoftendryupinplacesduringhot,dryconditions,leavingdisconnectedorcompletelydrypoolsofwater.Majorquestionshavebeentowhatextenthabitatfragmentation(碎片化)causedbymoreseveredroughtthreatenssalmonsurvival,andjusthowmuchwaterisneededtosupportthesalmonpopulationthroughthedrysummermonths.Evenduringthemostextremedroughtyears,thestudyfound,summersurvivalincertainreaches(河段)wassimilartosurvivalinnon-droughtyears,showingthatmanystreampoolsactasrefuges(避難所)．Inotherreaches,lackofflowingwaterledtosalmonbeingtrappedindryingpools,whichmeansmoredeaths.“Aslongaswaterremainedinpoolsthroughoutthesummer,salmoncouldsurvive，”saysVorste,“Soeventhoughwesawdecreasedsurvivalinmanypools,thereweresomeplacesservingasrefuges.”“Withthetrendtowardsincreasingdrought,it'sgoingtobeharderandharderforthesesalmontohangon，”saysCaliforniaSeaGrantextensionspecialistMariskaObedzinski.“Soit'simportantthatsomepoolsmaintainconditionssupportingsurvival.”“Therearelimitedresourcestoaddressstreamflowissues,sothisstudyhelpsfocusourattentiononcertainareas，”saysObedzinski,“Therearedifferentstrategiesfordifferentconditions.”Inadditiontoansweringimportantquestionsforlocalsalmonrecovery,thestudyalsoinformsbroaderecologicalquestionsabouttheroleofhabitatfragmentationforendangeredspecies.語篇解讀：本文是一篇說明文。文章介紹了一項關(guān)于鮭魚生存現(xiàn)狀的研究。5．Whathappenedtocohosalmonintheearly2000's?A．Theyweretrackedandhuntedbylocalpeople.B．TheycametoliveinSonomaCountystreC．Theyweremarkedbytheresearchers.D．Theyalmostwentextinct.解析：選D細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第一段中的whichnearlycollapsedintheearly2000's可知，在20世紀(jì)初銀鮭魚幾乎滅絕了。6．WhatproblemdosalmoninCaliforniaface?A．Theirhabitatsareoftenfragmentedduetodrought.B．TheRussianRiverC．Thewatertemperatureofthestreamsistoohighinsummer.D．Theirpopulationgrowstooslowlywithoutenoughfoodsupply.解析：選A細(xì)節(jié)理解題。根據(jù)第二段中的Thesestreamsoftendryupinplaces...habitatfragmentation(碎片化)causedby...threatenssalmonsurvival可知，它們的棲息地經(jīng)常因干旱而支離破碎。7．WhatdoesParagraph3imply?A．Salmonincertainwatershavegotusedtodrought.B．Somestreampoolsneverdryupeveninsummer.C．Thesummersurvivalofsalmondecreaseseveryyear.D．Poolswithoutflowingwatercanberefugesforsalmon.解析：選B推理判斷題。根據(jù)第三段中的Evenduring...showingthatmanystreampoolsactasrefuges(避難所)．及Soeventhoughwesawdecreasedsurvivalinmanypools,thereweresomeplacesservingasrefuges.可推斷，有些溪流池即使在夏天也不會干涸。8．Whatisthelastparagraphmainlyabout?A．Thenextstepofthestudy.B．Theconclusionofthestudy.C．Thesignificanceofthestudy.D．Thebackgroundtothestudy.解析：選C段落大意題。根據(jù)最后一段內(nèi)容可知，本段主要講了這項研究的意義。Ⅱ.完形填空WhenmysistersandIwerelittle,wewere1totakenaps.ThesummerIwasseven,Iaskedtotakemy2inatreeintheorchard(果園),theplaceIwenttowhenIwantedtobealoneand3.Inthetree,Ihada(n)4viewoftheorchard,ourhouse,fields,barnsandfences.Mysistersonceforgotmesocompletelythattheystoodunderthetree5secretsOneafternoonIclimbedthetree6，grabbingbranchesand7myfeetcarefullyuntilIwasashighasIcouldgo.8，aflyingnoiseattractedmyattention.Anowl9onathickbranchandgrippeditwithhertalons.Shepressedherwingstohersideandsettleddown.SonaturaldidImovemyselfthattheowlwouldnot10atmybeingthere.Sheflew11amongbranchesuntilshenoticedme.Theowlhesitatedforonesecond12sheliftedherwingsandflewawayintospace.Igaspedandwatchedhergo,13shewouldreturn.ShehadbeengonesolongthatIhad14seeingheragain.Unexpectedly,theowlreappearedinJanuary,accompaniedbyhermate.The15oftheowlgavemeasenseofassuranceIhadnotfeltbeforeandwhichIwouldtreasureforever.語篇解讀：本文是一篇記敘文?！拔摇痹诠麍@的樹上打盹時邂逅了一只貓頭鷹，她在發(fā)現(xiàn)“我”之后飛離；而之后又再現(xiàn)于一月?！拔摇睂Υ朔?jīng)歷視若珍寶。1．A.allowed B．expectedC．forbidden D．a(chǎn)ppointed解析：選B根據(jù)空前的werelittle及常識可知，作者小時候應(yīng)是被期盼著打盹。故選B項。2．A.naps B．lapsC．bonus D．a(chǎn)ngles解析：選A根據(jù)前面的totakenaps可知，七歲那年的夏天作者去果園的樹上打盹。故選A項。3．A.ambitious B．brilliantC．peaceful D．competent解析：選C根據(jù)前面的alone可知，作者想找一個安靜的地方獨(dú)處。故選C項。4．A.private B．a(chǎn)bundantC．grand D．a(chǎn)dequate解析：選C根據(jù)后面的theorchard,ourhouse,fields,barnsandfences可知，在果園里作者有廣闊的視野。故選C項。5．A.whispering B．keepingC．a(chǎn)ssuming D．hiding解析：選A根據(jù)后面的secrets和常識可知，在樹下面應(yīng)是小聲說自己的秘密。故選A項。6．A.indisguise B．a(chǎn)swellC．invain D．a(chǎn)susual解析：選D根據(jù)上文的提示，作者喜歡在果園里的樹上打盹，故這里是說作者像平常一樣爬上樹。故選D項。7．A.tapping B．insertingC．placing D．striking解析：選C根據(jù)上下文可知，作者上樹時會小心地在樹上放好腳。故選C項。8．A.Apparently B．EventuallyC．Suddenly D．Fortunately解析：選C根據(jù)下文可知，一只貓頭鷹出現(xiàn)了，故此處指突然有一個聲音吸引了作者。故選C項。9．A.landed B．existedC．waved D．picked解析：選A根據(jù)空后的onathickbranch可知，這只貓頭鷹落在了一根粗壯的樹枝上。故選A項。10．A.adaptto B．fadeoutC．getstuck D．getoffended解析：選D根據(jù)語境可知，作者自然地移動，以便貓頭鷹不會被作者冒犯到。故選D項。11．A.nowandthen B．backandforthC．dayinanddayout D．trialanderror解析：選B根據(jù)后面的amongbranchesuntilshenoticedme可知，貓頭鷹在樹枝間來回飛動。故選B項。12．A.though B．whenC．until D．before解析：選D貓頭鷹發(fā)現(xiàn)了作者后猶豫了一秒便飛走了。故選D項。13．A.thinking B．prayingC．comforting D．encouraging解析：選B根據(jù)最后一段可知，作者將這次經(jīng)歷視若珍寶，所以應(yīng)是祈禱她會返回。故選B項。14．A.givenup B．cutupC．castdown D．brokendown解析：選A根據(jù)前面的Shehadbeengonesolong可知，貓頭鷹已經(jīng)飛走很長時間了，作者認(rèn)為貓頭鷹不會回來了。故選A項。15．A.occupation B．returnC．recovery D．evidence解析：選B根據(jù)上文中的Unexpectedly,theowlreappearedinJanuary可知，貓頭鷹返回了。故選B項。Ⅲ.語法填空Chinalaunchedalargeroboticspacecrafton17December2020attheWenchangSpaceLaunchCenterinSouthChina'sHainanProvince,1(task)itwithlandingonthemoonandbringingbacklunarsamples,44yearsafterthelasttimesuchextraterrestrialsubstances(外星物質(zhì))2(bring)backtoearth.The3(heavy)andlargestinthenation'slunarfleetChang'e5wouldflyinthetrajectorywithinthenextseveraldaysandmakesomecorrectionoperationsbeforeconductingakeybrakingmaneuver(剎車操作)toavoid4(accident)flyingpastthemoon.Thereturncapsuleof5(China)Chang'e5probetoucheddownonitspresetlandingsiteinSiziwangBanneroftheInnerMongoliaAutonomousRegionat1：59amonThursday,bringingbackthecountry'sfirstsamples6(collect)from