2023屆高考英語(yǔ)一輪語(yǔ)法復(fù)習(xí)之英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)講義

第2講英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)分析講解【知識(shí)回顧】定義：構(gòu)成句子的各個(gè)部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分：主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)次要成分：表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)ImetmybestfriendTomatthestationyesterday.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)同位語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)【考點(diǎn)分析】學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)的句子結(jié)構(gòu)就像修房時(shí)的柱子一般，重要性不言而喻。學(xué)習(xí)這部分知識(shí)主要是幫助學(xué)生能夠自主分析遇到的英語(yǔ)句子的成分，對(duì)學(xué)生掌握復(fù)雜的從句也起了助攻作用?！局R(shí)框架】知識(shí)點(diǎn)一主語(yǔ)（subject）句子說(shuō)明的人或事物Janeisgoodatplayingthepiano.（名詞）Shewentoutinahurry.（代詞）Fourplusfouriseight.（數(shù)詞）Toseeistobelieve.（不定式）Smokingisbadforhealth.（動(dòng)名詞）Theyoungshouldrespecttheold.（名詞化的形容詞）Whathehassaidistrue.（句子）【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句中的主語(yǔ)：1、Thesunrisesintheeast.

2、Twentyyearsisashorttimeinhistory.

3、Thepoorarenowlivingintheshelter.4、Seeingisbelieving.

5、Toseeistobelieve.

6、Helikesdancing.

7、Whatheneedsisabook.8、Itisveryclearthattheelephantisroundandtalllikeatree.知識(shí)點(diǎn)二謂語(yǔ)說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作、狀態(tài)和特征簡(jiǎn)單謂語(yǔ):由動(dòng)詞或動(dòng)詞詞組組成Isawtheflagonthetopofthehill?Helookedaftertwoorphans.復(fù)合謂語(yǔ)：由情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞+動(dòng)詞;HecanspeakEnglishwell.Shedoesn’tseemtolikedancing.【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句中的謂語(yǔ)（注：只有動(dòng)詞才可作謂語(yǔ)。）1.WeloveChina.2.Wehavefinishedreadingthisbook.3.HecanspeakEnglish.4.Sheseemstired.知識(shí)點(diǎn)三賓語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的對(duì)象或承受者——及物動(dòng)詞或介詞的賓語(yǔ)Showyourpassport,please.（名詞）Shedidn'tsayanything.（代詞）Howmanydoyouwant?-Iwanttwo.（數(shù)詞）Theysenttheinjuredtohospital.（名詞化的形容詞）Theyaskedtoseemypassport.（不定式）Ienjoyworkingwithyou.（動(dòng)名詞）Didyouwritedownwhathesaid?（句子）賓語(yǔ)分為直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ).直接賓語(yǔ)指物或事,間接賓語(yǔ)指人或動(dòng)物.Hegavemesomebooks.間接直接賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)指出下面句子的間接賓語(yǔ)和直接賓語(yǔ)：pleasepassmethebook.Heboughthisgirlfriendsomeflowers.【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)部分：1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Helikestoplaybasketball.3.Weenjoylisteningtothemusic.4.Shesaidthathefeltsick.5.Theyaretalkingaboutthenewstudent.知識(shí)點(diǎn)四連系動(dòng)詞其后面的成分叫作表語(yǔ)。Thewarwasover.Theyseemtoknowthetruth.Timeisprecious.I’mnotquitemyselftoday.Thatremainsapuzzle.Idon’tfeelatease.【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句中的表語(yǔ)。1.Iamateacher.2.Theyareontheplayground.3.MyjobisteachingEnglish.4.Itgetscold.5.Itsoundsinteresting.注：常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞有be動(dòng)詞,還有g(shù)et,become,turn,grow等表“變得”的詞,和感觀動(dòng)詞sound,look,smell,taste,feel等。知識(shí)點(diǎn)五定語(yǔ)修飾或限制名詞或代詞的詞、詞組或從句Heisacleverboy.（形容詞）Hisfatherworksinasteelwork.（名詞）Thereare54studentsinourclass.（數(shù)詞）DoyouknownBetty’ssister?（名詞所有格）Heboughtsomesleepingpills.（動(dòng)名詞）Thereisasleepingbabyinbed.（現(xiàn)在分詞）Hisspokenlanguageisgood.（過(guò)去分詞）定語(yǔ)后置：如果定語(yǔ)是由一個(gè)單詞表示時(shí)，通常要前置。而由一個(gè)詞組或一個(gè)句子表示時(shí)，通常則后置Thegirlinredishissister.Wehavealotofworktodo.Thegirlstandingunderthetreeishisdaughter.Doyouknowthemanwhospokejustnow?【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句子的定語(yǔ)。1.Theblackbikeismine.2.Sheisachemistryteacher.3.Themaninblueismybrother.4.Thegirlplayingthepianoismyyoungersister.5.Theladywhoiswearingreddressisournewteacher.知識(shí)點(diǎn)六狀語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)的功用：狀語(yǔ)說(shuō)明地點(diǎn)、時(shí)間、原因、目的、結(jié)果、條件、方向、程度、方式和伴隨狀況等。Iwillbebackinawhile.Theyareplayingontheplayground.Hewaslatebecausehegotuplate.HegotupsolatethatImissedthetrain.Iwaitedtoseeyou.Heoftenwenttoschoolbybus.Hisparentsdied,leavinghimanorphan.Pleasecallmeifitisnecessary.Thisbookisveryinteresting.Hewenttoschoolinspiteofhisillness.【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句中的狀語(yǔ)1.Weoftenhelphim.2.Ireallydon’tlikethefood.3.Hedidhishomeworkcarefullyathome.4.HermothergoesouttodosomeshoppingonSunday.5.WhenIgrowup,Iamgoingtobeadoctor.知識(shí)點(diǎn)七賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)有些及物動(dòng)詞除了有一個(gè)直接賓語(yǔ)以外，還要有一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)，說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的身份和狀態(tài)以補(bǔ)充其意義不足，使句子的意義完整。這類常用的及物動(dòng)詞有：make,consider,cause,see,find,call,get,have,let.Ifoundthebookinteresting.Doyousmellsomethingburning?Hemadehimselfknowntothem.Sheaskedmetolendherahand.賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：和賓語(yǔ)構(gòu)成復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)。賓語(yǔ)和賓補(bǔ)之間存在內(nèi)在邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系。【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】找出下列句子的賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)：1.TheyelectedJohnmonitor.2.WecallhimIronOx.3.Thedoctortoldmetodomoreexercise.4.Theymadeherhappy.5.Heisgoingtohavehishaircut.6.Theysawabirdflyinginthesky.知識(shí)點(diǎn)八同位語(yǔ)位于名詞或代詞后面，說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況Weyoungpeopleshouldrespecttheold.（名詞）Hehimselfwilldotheexperiment.（代詞）Heistheoldestamongthemfour.（數(shù)詞）Hetoldmethenewsthatourteamwonthegame.（從句）【典例分析跟蹤練習(xí)】分析下列句子結(jié)構(gòu)：1.Youareastudent.2.Hefelthappytoday.3.Whatyousaidmademehappy.4.CouldyougivemesomeadviceonhowtolearnEnglishwell?5.Afterhefinishedhishomework,hewentaway.6.Helikespopmusic.7.Thesoundsoundsstrange.8.Thefoodtastesgood.9.Hegavemeabookyesterday.

10.Weallthinkitapitythatshedidn’tcomeher【課后作業(yè)】A組畫(huà)出下列句子的句子成分并嘗試翻譯：1.Onacoldwintermorning,anoldmansatawkwardly（笨拙地）againstawallatSydney’sCircularQuaystation.2.Iglancedforamomentbutignoredhimandwalkedontomyoffice.3.Ithoughthewasaderelict(流浪漢).4.Hewasn’taderelictbutaworker,whosuddenlyfellillonhiswaytowork.5.Irealizedthatsick,oldmanhadputupwiththecoldnessoftheentireday.6.Thissmallgroupbiketourisafantasticwaytoseetheworld-famouscherrytreeswithbeautifulflowersofWashington,D．C.KnowledgeableguideswillentertainyouwiththemostinterestingstoriesaboutPresidents,Congress,memorials,andparks.8.Comfortablebikesandasmoothtourroute(路線)makecyclingbetweenthesitesfunandrelaxing.9.Frozenbananaswilllastseveralweeks,dependingontheirripenessandthetemperatureofthefreezer.10.Heaskedtheworkerstousetraditionaltechniquestomakethebricksintowalls,roofsandcorridors.【課后作業(yè)】B組ATime:2017-01-24From:Editor:cloverTheheadofChina'slargestonlinesellerAlibabadoesnotthinkChinaandtheUnitedStateswillhaveatradewardespitecommentsfromtheTrumpadministration.JackMaisthechairmanoftheAlibabaGroup.AttheWorldEconomicForummeetinginDavos,Switzerland,hesaid,"Chinaand(the)U.S.willneverhaveatradewar.GiveTrumpsometime.He'sopen-minded,he'slistening."TheChinesebillionairesaidhewoulddoallhecouldtopreventtraderelationsbetweenthecountriesfromgettingworse.Lastweek,MametwithTrumpattheTrumpTowerinNewYorkCity.TheChinesebillionaireissaidtohavediscussedaplantopermitonemillionsmallU.S.businessestosellgoodsonAlibaba'sonlineshoppingplatform.Duringthecampaignandafterwinningthepresidentialelection,TrumpstronglycriticizedtheChinesegovernment'ssupportforitsbusinesses.HeblamedunfairtradepoliciesfortakingawayU.S.jobs.AndhesaidthatChinaunfairlycontrolstheexchangevalueofitscurrency,theyuan.TrumpalsohasthreatenedtoplaceimporttaxesongoodsfromChinaandothercountriesinresponsetotheirtradepolicies.AccordingtotheSouthChinaMorningPost,Masaid,"Americaninternationalcompaniesmademillionsandmillionsofdollarsfromglobalization."HeaddedthattheU.S.shouldnotblamethelossofjobsandcompaniesonglobalization.However,anewstudybyanAmericanbusinessgroupsaysmanyU.S.businessesfeelunwelcomeinChina.ThecompaniessaythecostofdoingbusinessinChinaisincreasing.Theyaddthatrulesandregulationsareunclearornotenforcedinaconsistentway.TheAmericanChamberofCommerceinChinaledthestudy,whichlookedatresponsesfrom462companies.WilliamZaritischairmanofthechamber.HesaystradepoliciesinChinamakeitdifficultforAmericancompanies.Hesays,"wefeelthatoverthelastfewyearsthatwe'vebeentakenadvantageoftosomeextent,withouropenmarketandthelackofopenareasintheChinesemarket."AnothermajorconcernforU.S.companiesinChinaisfakeproducts.Fakeproductsarecopiesoftheoriginalsthatcostbusinesseswiththelegalrighttosellthemmillionsofdollarseachyear.MadefendedAlibaba'seffortstofightfakeproductsonitsshoppingplatform.Hesaidhiscompanyisdoingallitcantofighttheproblem."Fightingagainstfakeproductsisawaragainsthumangreediness,"Masaid.I'mMarioRitter.Theunderlinephrase“TheChinesebillionaire”refersto_________.A.TrumpB.JackMaC.MarioRitterD.WillianZarit22．Thetextlikelytakefromthe__________.A.economicmagazineB.tradespeechC.websiteD.globalnewsBMorethanone-thirdofadultsintheUnitedStatesareobese(肥胖).Infact,overobesityhasreachedsuchproportionsthatonebig-citymayorhasgoneaboutbanninglarge-sized,sugarysoftdrinksandtheFirstLadyhasbeenonacampaigntocontrolthedietaryofferingsinpublicschools.Evenmanyadultswhodonotfittheclinicdefinitionofobesityarestilloverweight,andalargepercentagearelookingforthebestwaystoloseweight.Reducingpoundslargelycomesdowntothetwo-sidedfactorsofdietandexercise.Notcarryingoutthefirstoneenough,andnotgettingenoughofthesecondone,endsupgivingtheindividualarecipeforbeingoverweight.Advisingsomeonetoeatlessandexercisemoremightbetheeasiestadvicepossible,butit’salso,partially,anoversimplification.Dietinghasmoretodowiththetypesoffoodyoueatthanhowmuchyoueat.Reducetheamountofredmeatinyourdiet.Ifyoudon’twanttoeliminateredmeataltogether,choosecutsofmeatwithlessfatcontent.Limityourintakeofsaltandstarches.Ifyou’vegottohavepotatochipsalongsideyoursandwichatlunch,choosethebakedpotatochipsthatcontainlessfatthanthedeep-friedchips.Youmightfindyou’rereallynotsacrificingthatmuchintermsoftaste.Adietrichinfruits,vegetables,eggwhites,fishandnonfatdairyproductswillcertainlyaidinthemissionoflosingweight.Drinkmorewaterandlesssugarydrinks.Ifyouhavetohaveasoda,adietsodaisabetteroption,butseltzerisanevenbetterchoicethanthat.It’simportant—ifnotalwayseasy—toma