高中英語主謂一致講解及練習(xí)

PAGEPAGE13高中英語主謂一致（一）主謂一致的應(yīng)用1．名詞作主語1）某些集體名詞，如family,team等作主語時，如果作為一個整體看待，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，如果就其中一個個成員而言，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Hisfamilyisahappyone.ThewholefamilyarewatchingTV.這類名詞有：audience，class，club，company，crew，enemy，crowd，government，group，party，public，team等。2）某些集體名詞，如people,police,cattle等，只當(dāng)復(fù)數(shù)看待，謂語動詞必須用復(fù)數(shù)。如：Thepolicearesearchingforthethief.4）當(dāng)名詞詞組中心詞為表示度量、距離、金額、時間、書名等復(fù)數(shù)名詞時，往往可以根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個整體，謂語用單數(shù)形式。如：Threeyearshaspassedsincethen.5）不定代詞each,every,no所修飾的名詞即使以and或逗號連接成多主語時，謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Eachboyandeachgirlwantstogotothecinema.6）如果主語有morethanone很多非常…或manya許多……構(gòu)成，盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù)內(nèi)容，但它的謂語動詞仍用單數(shù)形式。如：Morethanonestudenthasreadthebook.Manyagirlhasbeenthere.7）一些有兩個部分構(gòu)成的名詞表示衣物或工具作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式，例如：glasses,clothes,trousers,shoes,compasses,chopsticks,scissors等。但如果主語用“akindof,apairof,aseriesof等加名詞”構(gòu)成時，謂語動詞一般用單數(shù)形式。如：Apairofshoeswasonthedesk.8）thiskindofmen的謂語動詞用單數(shù)，menofthiskind的謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)，allkindsof后跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Thiskindofmenisdangerous.Menofthiskindaredangerous.9）復(fù)數(shù)形式的單、復(fù)數(shù)同形名詞作主語時，按意義一致原則，作用單數(shù)意義時，謂語用單數(shù)，反之，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。這類名詞有：means（方法），works（工廠），species（種類），Chinese，Japanese等。如：The(This)glassworkswassetupin1980.(這家玻璃廠建于1980年。)The（These）glassworksareneartherailwaystation.（這些玻璃廠在火車站附近。）10）all，most,half,restof看of后面的詞，所指的復(fù)數(shù)意義，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式；反之，用單數(shù)。如：Allofmyclassmateslikemusic.Allofthewaterisgone.11)在主謂倒裝的句子中，謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與其后的主語一致。如：Betweenthetwowindowshangsapicture.2．由連接詞連接的名詞作主語1）用and或both…and連接并列主語，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)形式。如：Plasticsandrubberneverrot.Walkingandridingaregoodexercises.2）當(dāng)主語后面跟有aswellas,asmuchas,nolessthan,alongwith,with,like,ratherthan,togetherwith,but,except,besides,including,inadditionto等引導(dǎo)的詞組時，其謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)由引導(dǎo)詞前面的主語而定。如：Theteacheraswellasthestudentswasreadinginthelibrary.３）以or,either…or,neither…nor,notonly…butalso等連接的名詞（代詞）作主語時，謂語動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)應(yīng)根據(jù)就近一致的原則。如：Tomorhisbrothersarewaitingintheroom.Eitheryouorheistogo.3．代詞作主語1）關(guān)系代詞who,that,which等在定語從句中作主語時，其謂語動詞的數(shù)應(yīng)與句中先行詞的數(shù)一致。如：Thosewhowanttogopleaseputupyourhands.Someoftheenergythatisusedbymancomesfromthesun.2）疑問代詞who,what,which作主語時，謂語動詞可根據(jù)說話人所要表達(dá)的意思決定單、復(fù)數(shù)。如：Wholivesnextdoor?ItisXiaoLiu.Wholivenextdoor?ItisZhangandLiu.Whatproduce(s)heat?4．分?jǐn)?shù)、量詞作主語1）“分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語以及由“alotof,lotsofplentyof,alargequantityof,halfof+名詞”構(gòu)成的短語作主語時，其謂語動詞要與短語中of后面的名詞的數(shù)保持一致，這是因為短語中后面的名詞是中心詞，而短語中前面的量詞是修飾語，例如：Lotsofdamagewascausedbyfire.Aboutthree-fourthsoftheearth’ssurfaceiscoveredwithwater.Three-fifthsoftheworkersherearewomen.和這種情況類似的還有“anumberof+名詞復(fù)數(shù)”謂語用復(fù)數(shù)譯為大量，許多，thenumberof中心詞是number,謂語用單數(shù)，譯為…的數(shù)量Anumberofstudentshavegonehome.Thenumberofpagesinthisbookistwohundred.注意：(large)quantitiesof……不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Quantitiesoffood(nuts)wereonthetable.短語inquantity,inlargequantities意為“大量”；insmallquantities意為“少量”。2）agreatdealof,alargeamountof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用單數(shù)；largeamountsof修飾不可數(shù)名詞，其短語作主語時，謂語動詞通常用復(fù)數(shù)，例如：Alargeamountof(Agreatdealof)damagewasdoneinaveryshorttime.Largeamountsofmoneywerespentonthebridge.3）表示數(shù)量的oneandahalf后，名詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式，但是其短語作主語時，謂語動詞用單數(shù)形式，例如：Oneandahalfbananasisleftonthetable.5．名詞化的形容詞作主語如果主語由“the+形容詞（或過去分詞）”結(jié)構(gòu)擔(dān)任時，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)，這類詞有：thebrave,thepoor,therich,theblind,theyoung,theold,thesick,thedead,thedeafanddumb,theoppressed,theinjured,thewounded,theunemployed等；Theblindstudyinspecialschools.Thepoorliveinaundevelepedcountry6．從句作主語1）由what引導(dǎo)的主語從句，謂語動詞所指的具體內(nèi)容是復(fù)數(shù)意義時，謂語動詞一般用復(fù)數(shù)形式，反之，單數(shù)。例如：Whatweneedismoretime.Whatweneedaredoctors.ree______diedintheterriblefireinLuoyanglastwinter.A.hundredspeople B.hundredpeopleC.hundredspeoples D.hundredpeoples2.Eitheryouorthepresident_______theprizestothesegiftedwinnersatthemeeting.A.ishandingout B.aretohandoutC.arehandingout D.istohandout3.I,who______yourclosefriend,willtrymybesttohelpyououtoftrouble.A.am B.is C.are D.be4.TheOlympicGamesintheyear2021______inBeijingofChina,which______knowntousall.A.istohold;is B.istobeheld;wasC.aretohold;is D.aretobeheld;is5.There_____alotofrubbishonthefloorsoIaskedMarytosweep_____up.A.were;it B.are;themC.was;it D.is;them6.Threemilliontonsofcoal______everyyearinthecity.A.isexploited B.areexploitedC.hadexploited D.haveexploited7.StoriesoftheLongMarch_______popularwiththeyoungpeoplenow.A.is B.was C.are D.were8.Mathematics_______thelanguageofscience.A.are B.aregoingtobe C.is D.istobe9.Bothriceandwheat_____growninourcountry.A.is B.are C.was D.were10.________eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have B.Had C.Has D.Is11.Whatthechildreninthemountainvillageneed________goodbooks.A.is B.are C.have D.has12.Thewholefamily_______TVattentively.A.arewatching B.iswatchingC.isseeing D.areseeing13.Nothingbutseveralglasses________boughtbymyfatherthedaybeforeyesterday.A.was B.were C.havebeen D.wouldbe14.Atthebusstop______asoldierandtwoyoungpeopleontheirwaytothevillage.A.were B.was C.is D.sits15.Iflawandorder______,neitherthecitizennorhisfamilyissafe.A.arenotpreserved B.isnotpreservedC.werepreserved D.havenotbeenpreserved16.There______littlechangeinthatmiddleschool.A.have B.had C.havebeen D.hasbeen17.Whatsuchasunsetis______strangetousall.A.goingtobe B./ C.is D.that18.Seventy-fivepercentoftheearth’ssurface______withwater.A.iscovered B.iscovering C.werecovered D.arecovered19.Thefollowing______someothermentaldiseases.A.being B.are C.was D.were20.NotonlyyoubutalsoI______abletohelphimout.A.are B.is C.am D.were21.“TheKites”______usastoryofthekite’shistory.A.havetold B.tells C.weretold D.wastold22.YouandI_____twinsisters.A.were B.are C.is D.am23.AteacherofEnglishandclassteacher_______ussomethingaboutvolunteerworkers.A.aretelling B.istelling C.aregiven D.weregiven24.Thousandsoftonsofrubbish________overalargeperiodoftime.A.rotsaway B.rotaway C.hasrottedaway D.arerottedaway25.Mayoraswellasvolunteerworkers_______thenewly-builtstadium.A.iscleaning B.arecleaning C.werecleaning D.havecleaned26.Manyastudent______somethingaboutAbrahamLincoln.A.haveknown B.knowsC.isknown D.areknown27.Thedefenceworks______builtlongagotokeeptheenemyaway.A.were B.hasbeenC.hadbeen D.was28.“Haveyouallstudiedthepassage‘UsingtheMindagainstDisease’？”“______.”A.Nobodyofushas B.NobodyofushaveC.Noneofushas D.Noneofusdid29.AgroupofItaliansoldiers______quicklytowardstheirposition.A.wereadvancing B.wereadvancedC.wasadvancing D.advancing30.Everyone,menandwomen,oldandyoung______sportsandgames.A.isenjoy B.wereenjoyingC.enjoys D.enjoy1.解析：選B.hundred一詞前面有具體數(shù)詞修飾時不加-s2.解析：選D.當(dāng)either…or連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞在人稱和數(shù)上和后一個主語保持一致?！癰e+不定式”表示按方案或安排將要發(fā)生的動作。3.解析：選A.who為引導(dǎo)定語從句的關(guān)系代詞，其先行詞是I,所以謂語動詞要用am.4.解析：選D.主語theOlympicGames意為：奧運會，謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式；后半部分為which引導(dǎo)的非限制情定語從句，其謂語動詞要用單數(shù)形式。5.解析：選C.therebe句型中be動詞的單復(fù)數(shù)取決于其后的主語，alotofrubbish(不可數(shù)名詞)，因此后面謂語動詞要用單數(shù)。6.解析：選A.主語為coal,是不可數(shù)名詞。根據(jù)題意，此處要用被動語態(tài)。7.解析：選A.主語StoriesoftheLongMarch是書名，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。8.解析：選C.此處mathematics為學(xué)科名詞，作主語時謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。9.解析：選B.bothand連接兩個并列主語時，句子的謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。10.解析：選C.either是主語部分的中心詞，助動詞要與either要數(shù)上保持一致。11.解析：選B.what引導(dǎo)的主語從句作主語時，謂語動詞要根據(jù)后面的名詞的數(shù)來決定，此處要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。12.解析：選A.此處指：家里的各個成員，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形式。13.解析：選A.此處nothing句子的主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。14.解析：選A.此句為倒裝句，句子的主語是asoldierandtwoyoungpeople.15.解析：選B.此處主語lawandorder指的是同一個概念，所以謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式.16.解析：選D.此處therebe結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語littlechange是不可數(shù)名詞。17.解析：選C.本句是主語從句，缺謂語，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。18.解析：選A.本句缺謂語，主語percent后面是不可數(shù)名詞，所以要用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。19.解析：選B.本句的表語是復(fù)數(shù)形式，所以謂語動詞要用非第三人稱單數(shù)形。20.解析：選C.根據(jù)就近一致性原則，謂語用am.21.解析：選B.本句的主語是書名，從整體考慮，謂語是第三人稱單數(shù)形。22.解析：選B.用and連接兩個并列主語時，謂語用非第三人稱單數(shù)形.23.解析：選B.本句主語是同一個人，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。24.解析：選B.本句主語是tons,是復(fù)數(shù)形式，rot是不及物動詞，不可用被動形式。25.解析：選A.本句主語Mayor是單數(shù)形式，謂語用第三人稱單數(shù)形式。26.解析：選B.主語manyastudent意思是復(fù)數(shù)，形式是單數(shù)。謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。27.解析：選D.主語works是集合名詞，當(dāng)成整體考慮，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。Longago表示過去.28.解析：選C.因為問句是完成時態(tài)，答句要用完成時態(tài)答復(fù)，另外主語不可用nobodyofus.29.解析：選A.主語agroupof在本句中表示具體每個人。30.解析：選C.本句主語是不定代詞everyone，為單數(shù)主語，謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)形。練習(xí)：主謂一致1.I,who____yourfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouwithyourEnglish.2.Therich____notalwayshappy.3.NeitherTomnorJackandI____hisstudents.4.Maryaswellashersisters____ChineseinChina.A.arestudying

B.havestudied

C.studies

D.study5.NeithermyfathernorI____athome.6.NotonlymybrotherbutalsoI____goodatpainting.Bothofus____goodpainters.,A.are;are

B.am;am

C.ani;are

D.is;is7.Every'boyandeverygirl____toattendtheeveningparty.8.Over80percentofthepopulationofChina____peasants.9.ThepopulationofChina____largerthanthatof.anyothercountryintheworld.10.Everymeans____triedbutwithoutanyresult.A.havebeen

B.istobe

C.aretobe

D.hasbeen11.Alice,togetherwithtwoboys,____forhavingbrokentherule.A.waspunished

B.punished

C.werepunished

D.beingpunished12.TheLeaguesecretaryandthemonitor____askedtoattendthe.meetingthisafternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.isbeing13.Thegreatwriterandprofessor____.A.isanoldman

B.arebotholdmenC.isanoldmanandayoungman

D.weretwoChinese14.There____apen,twopencilsandthreebooksonthedesk.15.Alargenumberofstudentsinourclass____girls.A.are

B.was

C.is

D.be16.Thenumberofdeer,mountainlionsandwildroses____muchifpeopleleavethingsastheyare.17.TheArabianNights____wellknowntotheEnglish.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.were18.ChairmanMao'sworks____published.19.Achemicalworks____builtthere.A.istobeing

B.havebeen

C.wereto

D.hasbeen20.TheOlympicGames____heldevery____years.A.is;four

B.are;four

C.is;five

D.are;five21.TheUnitedStatesofAmerica

oneofthemostdevelopedcountriesintheworld.22.Heistheonlyoneofdiestudentswho____elected.23.Theisisoneofthemostinterestingquestionsthat____asked.A.have

B.has

C.havebeen

D.hasbeen24.Manyaman____cometohelpus.25."All____presentandall____goingonwell,"ourmonitorsaid.A.is;is

B.are;are

C.are;is

D.is;are26.Thepolice____themurderereverywherewhenhesuddenlyappearedinatheatre.A.issearchingfor

B.weresearchingforC.aresearchingfor

D.weresearching27.Yourtrousers____dirty.Youmusthave____washed.A.is;il

B.are;it

C.are;them

D.is;them28.Thispairoftrouseis____toolongforhim.29.Oneandahalfbananas____leftonthetable.30.Eighttimeseight____sixty-four.31.Tenminutes____anhourwhenoneiswaitingforaphonecall.32.____ofthemoney____nmout.A.Three-fifth;has

B.Three-fifth;hasbeenC.Three-fifths;has

D.Three-fifths;have33.Thewholeclass____theteacherattentively.A.arelisteningto

B.islisteningtoC.arelistening

D.islistening34.1havefinishedalargepartofthebook,therestofwhich___moredifficult.35.Betweenthetworowsoftrees____theteachingbuilding.36.Largequantitiesofwater____forirrigation.A.isneeded

B.has-needed

C.areneeded

D.need37.Thattheywerewronginthesematters____nowcleartousall.38.Whatweneed____goodtextbooks.39.Whatyousaidjustnow____thematterwearediscussing.A.havesomethingtoat

B.hassomethingtodowithC.hadsomethingtodowith

D.hasbeensomethingtodowith40.Morethanonemember____againsttheplan.41.Whenandwheretobuildthenewfactory____yet.A.hasnotdecided

B.isnotdecidedC.arenotdecided

D.havenotdecided42.Halfofthefruit____bad.A.are

B.has

C.is

D.have43.____eitherofyourparentscometoseeyourecently?A.Have

B.Had

C.Has

D.Is44.Mathematics____thelanguageofscience.A.are

B.aregoingtobe

C.is

D.istobe45.Myfamily____small.A.is

B.were

C.are

D.makes46.Thefollowing____someotherexamples.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were47.Theybothhavesomefriends;buthis____moreactive.A.is

B.willbe

C.was

D.are48.Bothriceandwheat____growninthatcountry.A.is

B.are

C.was

D.has49.Earlytobedandearlytorise____agoodhabit.A.are

B.is

C.were

D.was50.Toplaybasketballandtogoswimming____usefulforcharacter-training.A.was

B.is

C.are

D.were51.EitherheorI____toattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be52.____eitherheorItoattendthemassmeetingthisevening.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be53.Anironandsteelworks,withsomesatellitefactories,____tobebuilthere.A.are

B.were

C.is

D.will54.Sheaswellasherbrother____aLeaguemember.A.are

B.were

C.will

D.is55.Hisfamily____abigone.Nowthefamily____watchingTV.A.is,are

B.are,is

C.is,is

D.are,are56.ItisIwho____goingtoattendthemeetingtomorrow.A.is

B.am

C.are

D.be57.Morethan60%ofthestudents____thecountryside.A.is

B.are

C.isfrom

D.arefrom58.Manyaman____thenovel.A.hasread

B.haveread

C.isread

D.areread59.Tomistheonlyoneofthestudentswho____goingtoswimthisafternoon.A.is

B.was

C.are

D.were60.Here____apen,afewpencilsandsomepaperforyou.A.are

B.is

C.was

D.were答案：1~5AAACA

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16~20AABDB

21~25ADCBC26~30BCAAA

31~35ACAAB

36~40CABBA

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46~50ADBBC51~55BACDA

56~60BDAAB

論大學(xué)生寫作能力寫作能力是對自己所積累的信息進(jìn)行選擇、提取、加工、改造并將之形成為書面文字的能力。積累是寫作的基礎(chǔ)，積累越厚實，寫作就越有基礎(chǔ)，文章就能根深葉茂開奇葩。沒有積累，胸?zé)o點墨，怎么也不會寫出作文來的。寫作能力是每個大學(xué)生必須具備的能力。從目前高校整體情況上看，大學(xué)生的寫作能力較為欠缺。一、大學(xué)生應(yīng)用文寫作能力的定義那么，大學(xué)生的寫作能力究竟是指什么呢？葉圣陶先生曾經(jīng)說過，“大學(xué)畢業(yè)生不一定能寫小說詩歌，但是一定要寫工作和生活中實用的文章，而且非寫得既通順又扎實不可?！睂τ诖髮W(xué)生的寫作能力應(yīng)包含什么，可能有多種理解，但從葉圣陶先生的談話中，我認(rèn)為：大學(xué)生寫作能力應(yīng)包括應(yīng)用寫作能力和文學(xué)寫作能力，而前者是必須的，后者是“不一定”要具備，能具備則更好。眾所周知，對于大學(xué)生來說，是要寫畢業(yè)論文的，我認(rèn)為寫作論文的能力可以包含在應(yīng)用寫作能力之中。大學(xué)生寫作能力的體現(xiàn)，也往往是在撰寫畢業(yè)論文中集中體現(xiàn)出來的。本科畢業(yè)論文無論是對于學(xué)生個人還是對于院系和學(xué)校來說，都是十分重要的。如何提高本科畢業(yè)論文的質(zhì)量和水平，就成為教育行政部門和高校都很重視的一個重要課題。如何提高大學(xué)生的寫作能力的問題必須得到社會的廣泛關(guān)注，并且提出對策去實施解決。二、造成大學(xué)生應(yīng)用文寫作困境的原因：（一）大學(xué)寫作課開設(shè)結(jié)構(gòu)不合理。就目前中國多數(shù)高校的學(xué)科設(shè)置來看，除了中文專業(yè)會系統(tǒng)開設(shè)寫作的系列課程外，其他專業(yè)的學(xué)生都只開設(shè)了普及性的《大學(xué)語文》課。學(xué)生寫作能力的提高是一項艱巨復(fù)雜的任務(wù)，而我們的課程設(shè)置僅把這一任務(wù)交給了大學(xué)語文教師，可大學(xué)語文教師既要在有限課時時間內(nèi)普及相關(guān)經(jīng)典名著知識，又要適度提高學(xué)生的鑒賞能力，且要教會學(xué)生寫作