新課標英語閱讀理解主旨大意題

目錄Contents標題歸納題1/2標題歸納題典例主旨大意題題型分析標題歸納題模板主題句隱含在篇（段）中大意概括題目錄Contents主題句在篇（段）尾2/2主題句在篇（段）首主題句在篇（段）中間大意概括題模板?？妓龠f題型分析高考試題中難度最大、區(qū)分度也最大的題型。不僅考查考生對語篇的整體把握能力，而且考查考生快速捕捉信息和準確理解特定細節(jié)以及復雜句子的能力。閱讀材料通常以記敘文、議論文和說明文為主，同時可能會穿插應用文。返回目錄概述模板一1主旨大意題返回目錄標題歸納題大意概括題主旨大意題主旨大意題主要考查考生對文章進行概括或總結的能力，它要求在閱讀文章時，能夠提煉其中心思想，體會作者的寫作意圖，充分運用邏輯概括能力，透過字里行間獲取文章最具代表性的觀點、論點及作者的情感傾向。模板一2主旨大意題返回目錄

標題歸納題1各選項長度比較接近。實詞首字母通常大寫。干擾項大都和文章內(nèi)容相關。132標題歸納題是主旨大意題常見的一種題型。一般情況下，有以下出題特點：Doctorsareknowntobeterriblepilots.Theydon’tlistenbecausetheyalreadyknowitall.Iwaslucky:Ibecameapilotin1980,almosttenyearsbeforeIgraduatedfrommedicalschool.Ididn’trealizethen,butingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon.Ilovedflying.AsIflewbigger,fasterplanes,andinworseweather,Ilearnedaboutcrewresourcemanagement(機組資源管理),orCRM,anewideatomakeflyingsafer.Itmeansthatcrewmembersshouldlistenandspeakupforagoodresult,regardlessofpositions.IfirstreadaboutCRMin1980.Notlongafterthat,anattendingdoctorandIwereflyinginbadweather.Thecontrollerhadusturntoolatetogetourlandingready.Theattendingdoctorwasflying;Iwassafetypilot.Hewassobusybecauseofthebadturn,hehadforgottentoputthelandinggear(起落架)down.Hewasabetterpilot—andmyboss—soitfeltunusualtospeakup.ButIhadto:Ourliveswereindanger.Iputasidemyuneasinessandsaid,"Weneedtoputthelandinggeardownnow!"ThatwasmyfirstreallessoninthepowerofCRM,andI’veuseditintheoperatingroomeversince.答案解析典例模板一3主旨大意題CRMrequiresthatthepilot/surgeonencourageotherstospeakup.Itfurtherrequiresthatwhenopinionsarefromtheopposite,thedoctordoesn’toverreact,whichmightpreventfellowdoctorsfromvoicingopinionsagain.SowhenI’mintheoperatingroom,Iaskforideasandhelpfromothers.Sometimesthey’renotwillingtospeakup.ButIhopethatifIcontinuetoencouragethem,somedaysomeonewillkeepmefrom"landinggearup"．Whichofthefollowingcanbethebesttitleforthetext?A．CRM:ANewWaytoMakeFlyingSafeB．FlyingMakesMeaBetterDoctorC．TheMakingofaGoodPilotD．APilot--TurnedDoctor答案解析典例模板一4主旨大意題【答案】B【解析】文中第一段提到"...butingapilotmakesmeabettersurgeon"，在第二段中也講述了作者在一起飛行事件中的經(jīng)歷和從中得到的教訓，作者將這一經(jīng)驗應用到手術室中，從而使自己成為一名優(yōu)秀的醫(yī)生，所以B項內(nèi)容符合文章主題，而A、C、D項概括不夠，過于片面。返回目錄答案解析典例模板一5主旨大意題第三步第二步模板一6主旨大意題返回目錄第一步

在了解全文大意的基礎上，仔細考慮選項內(nèi)容與文章主題有沒有聯(lián)系。

看選項內(nèi)容對文章概括得是否正確。

注意選項中所給出的標題范圍是否過大或過小，要避免以下三種錯誤：①概括不夠；②過度概括；③以事實細節(jié)替代全面概括?！境壞０濉俊叭椒ā苯獯饦祟}歸納題模板一7主旨大意題返回目錄

大意概括題2主題句在篇（段）首主題句在篇（段）尾主題句在篇（段）中間主題句隱含在篇（段）中1324做概括文章（段落）大意題時，有效的方法就是辨認主題句。一般而言，主題句具有鮮明的概括性，句子結構簡單，而文章（段落）中其他句子均用來解釋、支撐或擴展主題句所表達的主題思想。根據(jù)主題句所在位置，文章（段落）可分為以下四種：答案解析典例這種結構通常用演繹法撰寫，遵循從一般到個別（特殊）的步驟，即先概述，然后用細節(jié)加以說明?？捎谜?/p>

來表示。1.主題句在篇（段）首JaneClark,fair-haired,blue-eyedandtoughassteel,hasjustwonthemostdifficultraceintheworld.Inseventeendaysshedroveadogteamandsledge(雪橇)across1,050milesoftheArcticCircleandthroughsomeofthemostdifficultlandintheworld.Inbitter(刺骨的)windsandsnow-stormsshedroveherdogsalongtheArctictrack,intemperaturesthatreached-38℃.WhenJanewasaskedhowshefeltaboutbeingthefirstwomanevertowintheraceshesaid,"Istillcan'tbelieveit."Shethenwentovertoinspectherthirteen-wild-eyeddogs.DavidWilson,whocamesecond,said,"Itsurehurtswhenayoungwomanisaheadofyou.Butitdoesn’thurtforlong.Shewasagoodwinner."模板一8主旨大意題Whichofthefollowingbestgivesthemainideaofthisnewspaperarticle?A．Womanwinstheworld’stoughestrace!B．Womanfightsbitterwindsandsnowstorms!C．Womanwinsasledgeraceintheworld!D．WomandrivesadogteamacrosstheArctic!答案解析典例模板一9主旨大意題【答案】

A【解析】這篇文章的首句就是主題句，其后的句子或是具體說明這是"世界上最困難的比賽"，或是從側面說明贏得這場比賽的不容易。本篇的結尾句進一步呼應了主題句。所以答案是A。答案解析典例模板一10主旨大意題返回目錄答案解析典例模板一11主旨大意題主題句在結尾處的結構通常是用歸納法撰寫的，其步驟是先表述細節(jié)或交代論據(jù)，最后做出概括性的結論，以總結性的句子收尾。這種寫作方法的特點是從個別到一般，由特殊性到普遍性?？捎玫谷?/p>

來表示。2.主題句在篇（段）尾OnthenightofthepartyMerlinrolledintotheroomplayinghisviolin.Everyonewasastonishedtoseehim.Therewasjustoneproblem.Merlinhadnowaytostophisrollerskates.Herolledonandon.Suddenly,heranintoahugemirrorthatwashangingonthewall.Downfellthemirror,breakingtopieces.NobodyforgotMerlin’sgrandentranceforalongtime!Whatisthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeintheparagraph?A．Therollerskatesneededfurtherimprovement.B．ThepartygueststookMerlinforafool.C．Merlinsucceededbeyondexpectation.D．Merlingothimselfintotrouble.答案解析典例模板一12主旨大意題【答案】

C【解析】這段文字從Merlin入場的細節(jié)敘述，最后一句做了歸納總結：很長一段時間大家都沒有忘記Merlin不同凡響的入場?？梢奙erlin取得了意想不到的成功。故選C項。答案解析典例返回目錄模板一13主旨大意題答案解析典例這樣的結構往往先以一句或幾句話交代細節(jié)或論據(jù)，為主題句的出現(xiàn)作鋪墊。在主題句出場后，仍有適當數(shù)量的句子陳述細節(jié)或繼續(xù)給予例證。此結構可用菱形

來表示。3.主題句在篇（段）中Whenyouthrowaballupintotheairasfastasyoucan,theballreachesapointwhereitseemstopauseforamoment,andthenitcomesdown.Whenabullet(子彈)isshotstraightup,itwilltravelmuchfasterandhigherthanaball,butit,too,willcomedown.Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.Wehavealwaysthoughtthistobetrue.Anairplanemayclimbtoaheightofseventeenmilesandthentravelfarandlong.Yetitdoesnotstayupforever.Finally,likeeverythingelse,theplanemustcomedown.模板一14主旨大意題Whatisthemainpointintheparagraph?A．Abullettravelsmuchfasterthanaball.B．Whatevergoesupmustcomedown.C．Whenyouthrowaballuptoapoint,itwillpausethereforamoment.D．Anairplanemaystayupforever.答案解析典例模板一15主旨大意題【答案】

B【解析】本段文字很明顯是結構，中間的"Whatevergoesupmustcomedown."就是主題句，這句話的前后部分都是為論述這一主題服務的。答案解析典例返回目錄模板一16主旨大意題答案解析典例有些文章（段落）沒有明顯的主題句，其中心思想包含在各個句子中，這就要求考生依據(jù)已知的細節(jié)，歸納出其中心思想。這種結構可用正方形

來表示。4.主題句隱含在篇（段）中EPPortableHeater

Weallknowthatthecostofheatingourhomeswillcontinuetobeasignificantburdenonthefamilybudget.NowmillionsofpeoplearesavingontheirheatingbillswiththeEPportableheater.Withoveronemillionsatisfiedcustomersaroundtheworld,thenewEPheats

betterandfaster,savesmoreonheatingbills,andrunsalmostsilent.TheEPhasnoexposedheatingpartsthatcancauseafire.TheoutsideoftheEPonlygetswarmtothetouchsothatitwillnotburnchildrenorpets.模板一17主旨大意題WhatismainlydiscussedinParagraph2?A．TheheatoftheEP.B．ThesafetyoftheEP.C．TheappearanceoftheEP.D．ThematerialoftheEP.答案解析典例模板一18主旨大意題【答案】

B【解析】考查段落主旨。第二段提到這種加熱器沒有可以引起火災的外露部件，它的外部不會燒傷孩子或?qū)櫸?，由此可知本段主要討論的是這種加熱器的安全性。答案解析典例返回目錄模板一19主旨大意題模板一20主旨大意題【超級模板】若文章（段落）中無主題句，需根據(jù)文中的事實、細節(jié)、觀點等進行分析、推斷和歸納，從而概括出文章（段落）大意。首先，查找文章（段落）中是否已有明確的主題句。多采用瀏覽法。瀏覽時，一般不用逐句細看，只選讀文章的首段和尾段，或每段的首句和尾句等，重點搜索主題線索和主題信息。主題句定位法返回目錄【?？妓龠f】1.（山西省大同一中、同煤一中2015屆高三聯(lián)考）

Whentheswimseasonbegan,my11-year-olddaughter,Elizabeth,andIcutadeal.Shewouldgotopracticethreetimesaweek,andIwouldn’tmakehercompeteinswimmeets.Elizabethdoesnotlikeswimmeets,shegetshorriblynervousbecausesheisafraidthatshewilldosomethingwrongandleteveryonedown.Shestartedtotalkaboutquittingswimming,whichbrokemyheartbecauseshelovesswimming.SoIcameupwiththedeal.Recently,Elizabeth’steamannouncedaT-shirtrelay,whichworkslikethis:OnepersonfromeachrelayteamputsonaT-shirtandapairofsocksandswims50meters.Shetakesofftheclothesandputthemonthenextperson,whothenswims50繼續(xù)學習模板一21主旨大意題【模考速遞】【?？妓龠f】meters.Thiscontinuesuntileveryoneontheteamhascompletedalap.Itwasn’texactlyameet,becauseitwouldinvolveonlyteammembers.ButElizabeththoughtitwas.ItoldElizabethIreallywantedhertogo.Shefoughtbackangrilybutfinallyagreed.WhenthedayfortheT-shirtrelayarrived,Elizabethwasnervous.Shewaschosentoswimtheanchorleg(最后一棒).Bythelastleg,Elizabeth’steamhadbuiltupanarrowlead.ThenitwasElizabeth’sturntoswim.Approachingthehalfwaymark,shewasstillinthelead.ThensomebodynoticedthatoneofElizabeth’ssockshadfallenoffandwasfloatinginthepool."Shehastogetthatsockonbeforetheendoftherace,"aswimmingofficialtoldElizabeth’s繼續(xù)學習模板一22主旨大意題【模考速遞】team,"oryouwillbedisqualified."Everybodyonherteamstartedshouting,"Elizabeth!Getthesock!"Butshecouldn’thearthem.Meanwhile,agirlinlanetwowasgainingonElizabeth.Justthen,agirlonmydaughter’steamjumpedinthepool,grabbedthesock,swamafterElizabethandputthesockonElizabeth.Withthesockfinallyon,Elizabethswamherheartoutforthelast15metersandwon!Therewasmuchcelebration.And,forafewminutes,Elizabethwasthehero.Ontheridehome,sherelivedhermomentofgloryagainandagain.ShetoldmethatiftheT-shirtrelaywasanOlympicevent,herteamwouldwinthegoldmedal.Itoldherthatinmyprofessionalopinion,shewasabsolutelyright.繼續(xù)學習模板一23主旨大意題【?？妓龠f】Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext?A.BorntobeaswimmerB.SwimminginsocksC.TheswimseasonD.Nevergiveup!【答案】B【解析】標題歸納題。本文主要講述伊麗莎白參加的一次游泳接力比賽，比賽中襪子掉了，但最后贏得比賽的故事，由此可知最佳標題是穿著襪子游泳，故選B。繼續(xù)學習模板一24主旨大意題【?？妓龠f】2.（2015屆河北保定市高三調(diào)研試題）

Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition.Somevalueithighly,believingthatitisresponsibleforsocial-progressandprosperity.Otherssaythatcompetitionisbad;thatitsetsonepersonagainstanother;thatitleadstounfriendlyrelationshipbetweenpeople.Ihavetaughtmanychildrenwhoheldthebeliefthattheirself-worthreliedonhowwelltheyperformedattennisandotherskills.Forthem,playingwellandwinningareoftenlife-and-deathaffairs.Intheirsingle-mindedpursuitofsuccess,thedevelopmentofmanyotherhumanqualitiesissadlyforgotten.However,whilesomeseemtobelostinthedesiretosucceed,otherstakeanoppositeattitude.Inaculturewhich繼續(xù)學習模板一25主旨大意題【?？妓龠f】valuesonlythewinnerandpaysnoattentiontotheordinaryplayers,theystronglyblamecompetition.Amongthemostvocalareyoungsterswhohavesufferedundercompetitivepressuresfromtheirparentsorsociety.Teachingtheseyoungpeople,Ioftenobserveinthemadesiretofail.Theyseemtoseekfailurebynottryingtowinorachievesuccess.Bynottrying,theyalwayshaveanexcuse:"Imayhavelost,butitdoesn'tmatterbecauseIreallydidn’ttry."Whatisnotusuallyadmittedbythemselvesisthebeliefthatiftheyhadreallytriedandlost,thatwouldmeanalot.Suchalosswouldbeameasureoftheirworth.Clearly,thisbeliefisthesameasthatofthetruecompetitorswhotrytoprovethemselves.Botharebasedonthemistakebeliefthat-one’sself-respectreliesonhowwelloneperformsincomparisonwithothers.Bothareafraidofnotbeingvalued.繼續(xù)學習模板一26主旨大意題【模考速遞】Onlyasthisbasicandoftentroublesomefearbeginstodissolve(緩解)canwediscoveranewmeaningincompetition.Whatdoesthistextmainlytalkabout?A.Competitionhelpstosetupself-respect.B.Peopleholddifferentopinionsaboutcompetition.C.Competitionisharmfultopersonalqualitydevelopment.D.Failuresarenecessaryexperienceincompetition.【答案】B【解析】主旨大意題。由第一段第一句話"Inmodernsocietythereisagreatdealofargumentaboutcompetition"可知，在現(xiàn)代社會，對于競爭人們有很多不同的意見。而后文章提出人們對競爭的積極和消極的態(tài)度。有人認為競爭促進社會進步，也有人認為競爭導致人們之間的對抗和不友好。故選B。繼續(xù)學習模板一27主旨大意題【?？妓龠f】3.（2015屆四川省綿陽中學高三上學期第五次月考）

Electricaldevices(儀器)couldsoonusepowermadebyhumanenergy.Scientistssaytheyhavedevelopedanexperimentaldevicethatproduceselectricityfromthephysicalmovementofapersonwalking.BritishscientistMaxDonelanandotherscientistsinCanadaandtheUnitedStatesdevelopedthedevice.Thedeviceconnectstoaperson’sknee.Asthepersonwalks,thedevicecapturesenergyeachtimethepersonslowsdown.Todothis,thedevicehelpswiththeslowingdownmovementoftheleg.Themovementsofthewalkingpersonpushpartsofasmallmachinethatproduceselectricity.Usingthedevice,anadultwalkingquicklycouldproducethirteenwattsofelectricityinjustaminute.Donelansayswalkingatthat繼續(xù)學習模板一28主旨大意題【模考速遞】speedcouldproduceenoughpowertooperatealaptopcomputerforsixminutes.Thereareseveralpossibleusesforthedevice.Developerssayitcouldhelppeoplewhoworkinareaswithoutelectricitytooperatesmallcomputers.Thedevicecouldalsobeusedinhospitalstooperateheartpacemakers(起搏器).Itcouldevenbeusedtoassistinthemovementofroboticarmsandlegs.Theexperimentalversionofthedeviceweighsaboutoneandahalfkilog