八年級上冊英語期中復(fù)習(xí)資料

八年級上冊英語期中復(fù)習(xí)資料

八年級上冊英語期中復(fù)習(xí)資料

UNIT1Howoftendoyouexercise?

重點(diǎn)單詞

★頻率副詞:

頻率副詞詞頻度英文釋義

義

always總100%allthetime

是

usually通90%often,generally

常

often經(jīng)60%manytimes

常

sometimes有30%attimes,now

時(shí)andthen

hadlyever兒20%almostnot

乎

不

never從0%notever,notat

不anytime

★背誦UNIT1所有文章。

★典型題：

1.Jack__(do)hishomeworkeveryday.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填

空)

2.Light(travel)fasterthansound.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)

3.Helovesreading.(對畫線部分提問)

he?

4.Hehardlyever(watch)TV.(用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空)

5.LiFei(notdo)hishomeworkeveryday.Soheisn'tagood

student.(根據(jù)句意及英文提示完成句子)

6.閱讀理解。

Someonesays"Timeismoney.",butIthinktimeis(1)

importantthanmoney.Why?Becausewhenmoneyisspent,wecan

getitback.However,whentimeis(2),it'llnever(3).

Thatis(4)wemustnotwastetime.

Itgoeswithoutsayingthatthe(5)isusuallylimited.

Evenasecondisveryimportant.Weshouldmakefulluseofour

timetodo(6)useful.

Butitisapitythattherearealotofpeoplewhodonotknow

theimportanceoftime.Theyspenttheirlimitedtimesmoking,

drinkingand(7).Theydonotknowthatwastingtimemeans

wastingpartoftheirown(8).

Inaword,weshouldsavetime.Weshouldn't(9)today's

workfortomorrow.Rememberwemust(10)_____time.

()1.A.muchB.mostC.manyD.

muchmore

()2.A.lostB.boughtC.goneD.

finished

()3.A.returnB.carryC.takeD.

bring

()4.A.whatB.thatC.becauseD.

why

()5.A.moneyB.timeC.dayD.

food

()6.A.nothingB.somethingC.anythingD.

everything

()7.A.readingB.writingC.playingD.

working

()8.A.timeB.foodC.moneyD.

life

()9.A.stopB.leaveC.letD.give

()10.A.loseB.saveC.spendD.

take

UNIT2What'sthematter?

matter,headache,ago,illness,advice,thirsty,stress,early,problem,

traditional,believe,balance,weak,angry,get,few,stay,important,

balanced,diet,moment,until,hear

haveacold,haveastomachache,haveasoreback,liedownandrest,

hotteawithhoney,seeadentist,drinklotsofwater,agoodidea,

重點(diǎn)短語(be)stressedoutjeelwell,twodaysago,getsomerest,fellbetter,

afew,atthemoment

單

元

知

1.一What'sthetrouble/matterwithyou?

識

—Idon'tfeelwell.

網(wǎng)

2.Thatsoundslikeagoodidea.

絡(luò)

3.Thafstoobad.Ihopeyoufeelbettersoon.

4.1thinkso.

5.I'msorrytohearthat***

6.Youshoulddrinksometea.

7.1haveasoreback.

8.I'mnotfeelingwell.

重點(diǎn)句型

1.“have/hasgota+疾病名詞”表示“得了..病”;

2.情態(tài)動詞should的用法。

語法結(jié)構(gòu)

★背誦UNIT2所有文章。

★典型題：

()1.一What'sthematterwithyou,youngman?

一Iastomachache.

A.have

B.has

C-get

D.catch

()2.—What'swrongwithyou?

A.I'madoctor.

B.Ihaveanewwatch.

C.Ihaveaheadache.

D.Iworkinahospital.

)3.—What'swrongwithyou,Tom?Youlookpale!

—Ihaveastomachache.

—Youliedownandhavearest,andyoueatanything

for24hours.

A.should;should

B.should;shouldn't

C.shouldn't;should

D.shouldn'tishouldn't

)4.Youlearntodrive.ltwillbeveryuseful.

A.should

B.may

C.must

D.can

5.完形填空。

WhenMrSmithretired(退休),heboughtasmall1inavillage

nearthesea.He2___itandhopedtoliveaquietlifeinthishouse.

Buttohisgreatsurprise,manytouristscametoseehishousein

summerholiaays,foritwasthemost3buildin耳inthevillage.

Frommorningtonighttherewere4outsidethehouse.They

keptlookingintotheroomsthroughthewindowsand5ofthem

evenwentintoMrSmith'sgarden.ThiswastoomuchforMrSmith.

Hedecidedtoaskthevisitorsto6.Soheputanoticeonthe

window.Thenoticesaid,“IfyouwantJZ_yourcuriosity(好奇心'),

comeinandlookround.Price:twentydollars."MrSmithwassure

thatthevisitorswould8coming,buthewaswrong.Moreand

more\dsitorscameandMrSmithhadto9___everydayshowing

themaroundhishouse."Icamehereto10nottoworkasa

guide(導(dǎo)游)/'hesaidangrily.Intheend,hesoldthehouseand

movedaway.

()l.A.gardenB.shopC.houseD.

school

()2.A.likedB.hatedC.soldD.built

()3.A.bigB.interestingC.smallD.

clean

)4.A.childrenB.studentsC.parentsD.

tourists

()5.A.noB.noneC.manyD.

much

()6.A.comeB.leaveC.stayD.play

()7.A.tosatisfyB.satisfyC.tosatisfyingD.

satisfying

()8.A.goonB.stopC.continueD.not

()9.A.takeB.costC.spendD.

pay

()10.A.playB.workC.watchD.

retire

UNIT3Whatareyoudoingforvacation?

重點(diǎn)單詞

★背誦UNIT3所有文章。

★典型題：

()1.LastyearIvisitedmyfriendinHongKongandwe

bothhad.

A.atime

B.agoodtime

C.happy

D.timehappily

()2.WouldyoupleaseusyourpicturestakeninEu

rope?

A.take

B.bring

C.show

D.find

()3.WhatarewegoingtodoonSunday?^^“Howabo

ut?

A.togobikeriding

B.goingbiketoride

C.goingtobikeriding

D.goingbikeriding

（）4."Myfatherhasboughtanewcar.”"?”"It's

blueandbeautiful."

A.Whatdoyoulike?

B.What'sitlike?

C.Howisitlike?

D.Howdoyouthinkofit?

（）5.IhadwantedtogotoEnglandforvacation,buta

tlastIdecidedCanada.

A.on

B.over

C.in

D.about

6.完形填空。

Almosteveryone1themeaningsofMr,MrsandMiss.M

risusedbeforethefamilynamesofmen.Mrsisformarried

（結(jié)婚的）womenandMissisforunmarriedwomen.But2is

Ms?

Somebusinessmen（商人）intheUnitedStates3Msbefor

eawoman'snamewhentheydonotknowwhether（是否）th

ewomanismarried.Today,however,manywomenlikeMsb

etter4MrsorMiss.

Theword"5"doesnottelluswhetherornotamani

smarried.Somewomenwanttobeequalto(和平等)6i

nthisway.Thesewomenfeelthatitisnotimportantforpe

opletoknowwhethertheyarcmarriedornot.

Therearesomeproblemswith"Ms",however.7women

likeit.Someliketheolderwaysofdoingthings.Somefind_

8difficulttoread.Ms9[miz].Youngwomenlikeitbetter

thanolderwomendo.ItisdifficulttoknowwhetherMsw

illbeusedbymoreAmericanwomeninthefuture.Whatdo

youthink10it?

()1.A.knowsB.knowC.knew

D.isknowing

()2.A.howB.whatC.who

D.which

()3.A.usetoB.usingC.uses

D.use

()4.A.toB.forC.than

D.as

()5.A.MsB.MrsC.Miss

D.Mr

()6.A.menB.girlsC.ladies

D.boys

()7.A.NoneofB.NotallC.All

D.Neitherof

()8.A.thisB.thatC.them

D.it

()9.A.soundslikeB.readlikeC.issoundedlike

D.issoundlike

()10.A.atB.ofC.on

D.to

UNIT4Howdoyougettoschool?

take,walk,train,minute,kilometer,shower,quick,bicycle,station,early,

mile,stop,north,must,car,town,ill,worry,so

gettoschool,takethesubway,takethetrainjeavefor,athalfpast,

take,,?to*moststudents,theearlybus,howfar,from***to*,e?thinkof,

重點(diǎn)短語ridebikes,inotherpartsoftheworld,dependon,bedifferentfrom,

ontheschoolbus

單

元

知

識

網(wǎng)

絡(luò)

1.—Howdoyougettoschool?

—Itakethesubway.

2.一Howfarisfromyourhometoschool?

—Threemiles.

3.—Howlongdoesittakes?

——Halfanhour.

重點(diǎn)句型

1.對于“方式”進(jìn)行提問，以及對于“做某事情花費(fèi)多少時(shí)間”

的提問和回答；

語法結(jié)構(gòu)2.數(shù)詞。

★背誦UNIT4所有文章。

★典型題：

1.閱讀理解。

Oncetherewasanoldfarmer.Hehadahorseandthehorsewas

almostasoldashimself.Onemorninghesetoutwithhisyoungson

tosellthehorsebeforeitdied.Thefatherandthesonwalked

becausethefarmerdidnotwantthehorsetobetootired（疲勞）.

Theymettwomenontheroad.Theysaid,“Whyareyouwalking,

farmer?Youhaveahorse.It'salongwaytogettothemarket.nThe

farmerknewthatthiswastrue,soherodeonthehorsewhilehis

sonwalked.Thentheymettwooldladies."Whatareyoudoingup

there,farmer?Can'tyouseehowtiredyoursonis?”Sothefarmer

gotdown,andlethissonrideonit.Twentyminuteslater,threeold

menstoppedthem.Onesaid,“Whyareyouwalking,farmer?Getup.

It'stoohotforanoldmanlikeyoutowalktoday.vSothefarmergot

upbehindhissonandtheywentonriding.Sometimelater,ayoung

womanpassedthem.Whyaren'tyouwalking?sheasked,uIt

isn'tfartothemarket.Giveyourpooroldhorsearest."Sothe

farmerandhissongotdownonceagain.Itisafactthatyoucannot

pleaseallthepeopleallthetime.

1.Thefarmerwas

A.nearlythesameageashishorse

B.almostalwaysolderthanhishorse

C.notquiteasoldashishorse

D.alittleolderthanhishorse

2.Thetwomenontheroad

A.askedhowfaritwastothemarket

B.saidtheythoughtthehorselookedverytired

C.askedwhythefarmerwasnotridingonhishorse

D.toldthefarmer'ssontogetoffthehorseandwalk

3.Thetwooldladiessaiditwaswrongfor

A.thefarmertoridesuchatiredhorse

B.thefarmertoridewhilehisyoungsonwalked

C.theboytorideinsteadofhisfather

D.onlyonepersontoridesuchalongway

4.Thefarmergotupbehindhissonbecause

A.theoldmansaiditwastoohotforhimtowalk

B.thethreeoldmenstoppedthemontheroad

C.hedidhotknowwhyhewaswalking

D.hissoncouldnotridethehorsebyhimself

5.Whatdidthewriterreallywanttotellus?

A.Theoldmanwasafool

B.Thehorsewasoldandwasgoingtodie

C.Itisnotrighttolistentoothers

D.Itisimpossibleforamantomakeeveryonesatisfied（7前意）allthe

time.

初中英語語法知識難點(diǎn)整理

英語語法知識難點(diǎn)（■）

（一）形容詞和副詞

I.要點(diǎn)

A.形容詞

1、形容詞的用法

形容詞是用來修飾、描繪名詞的，通常在句中作定語、表語或賓

補(bǔ)，有時(shí)還可作狀語。如：

Heishonestandhardworking.

Ifoundthebookinteresting.

某些形容詞與定冠詞連用表示一類人作主語時(shí)，謂語通常用復(fù)數(shù)

形式。如：

Therichandthepoorliveindifferentpartsofthecity.

TheEnglishliketobewiththeirfamilies.

多個(gè)形容詞作定語修飾名詞的順序：

冠詞+序數(shù)詞+基數(shù)詞+性質(zhì)狀態(tài)（描述性）+形狀大小+新舊老少+

顏色+國籍+材料+名詞。如：

thesecondfiveinterestingbignewredChinesewallpapers.

2、形容詞比較等級的形式

(1)規(guī)則形式

一般說來，單音節(jié)詞及少數(shù)雙音節(jié)詞在后加，er;“est來構(gòu)成比較

級和最高級；其他雙音節(jié)詞及多音節(jié)詞在前加more,most.如：

great-greater-greatest

busy-busier-busiest

important-moreimportant-(the)mostimportant

(2)不規(guī)則形式

good(well)-better-best

bad(ill)-worse-worst

many(much)-more-most

little-less-least

(3)形容詞比較等級的用法

①表示兩者的比較，用形容詞的比較級+than.如：

Heisclevererthantheotherboys.

Thisoneismorebeautifulthanthatone.

②表示兩者以上的比較，用"the+形容詞最高級(+名詞)+of(in)..."

如：

Heisthecleverestboyinhisclass.

③表示兩者是同等程度，用“as+形容詞原級+as”.如：

HeisastallasI.

Ihaveasmanybooksasyou.

④越…越…

例如：ThemoreIlearn,thehappierIam.

⑤Youcanneverbetoocareful.越小心越好

又如：Youcanneverpraisetheteachertoohighly.

你怎么贊揚(yáng)這個(gè)老師也不過分。

⑥Ihaveneverspentamoreworryingday.

那一天是最令我擔(dān)心的一天。

Ihaveneverhadabetterdinner.

這是我吃過的最好的一頓飯。

⑦M(jìn)yEnglishisnobetterthanyours.

我的英語和你的英語都不怎么樣。

B.副詞

1、副詞的種類

(1)時(shí)間副詞如：ago,before,already,just,now,early,late,finally,

tomorrow等

(2)地點(diǎn)副詞如：here,there,near,around,in,out,up,down,

back,away,outside等。

(3)方式副詞如：carefully,angrily,badly,calmly,loudly,quickly,

politely,nervously等。

(4)程度副詞如：almost,nearly,much,greatly,abit,alittle,

hardly,so,very等。

2、副詞比較等級的用法

其用法與形容詞相似，只是副詞最高級前可省略定冠詞。如：

Ofalltheboyshesings(the)mostbeautifully.

Wemustworkharder.

3、某些副詞在用法上的區(qū)別

(1)already,yet,still

already表示某事物已經(jīng)發(fā)生，主要用于肯定句；yet表示期待某

事發(fā)生，主要用于否定句和疑問句；still表示某事還在進(jìn)行，主

要用于肯定句和疑問句，有時(shí)也可用于否定句。如：

We'vealreadywatchedthatfilm.

Ihaven'tfinishedmyhomeworkyet.

Hestillworksuntillateeverynight.

(2)too,aswell,also,either

too,aswell和also用于肯定句和疑問句,too和aswell多用于口

語，一般放在句末，而also多用于書面語，一般放在句中與動詞

連用。either用于否定句和否定的疑問句，往往放在句末。如：

Hewenttheretoo.

Hedidn'tgothereeither.

Ilikeyouaswell.

Ialsowentthere.

(3)hard,hardly

hardly意為"幾乎"與hard在詞義上完全不同。如：

Iworkhardeveryday.

Icanhardlyrememberthat.

(4)late,lately

lately意為“最近、近來“，late意為“晚、遲"。如：

Henevercomeslate.

Haveyoubeentothemuseumlately?

II.例題

例1Tom'sfatherthinksheisalready

AhighenoughBtallenough

CenoughhighCenoughtall

解析：該題正確答案是Bo修飾人高用tall,而建筑物的高用high,

并且enough修飾形容詞要放在形容詞后面。因此該題選Bo

例2theworseIseemtobe.

AWhenItakemoremedicine

BThemoremedicineItake

CTakingmoreofthemedicine

DMoremedicinetaken

解析：該題正確答案為B。“the+形容詞比較級+…jhe+形容詞比

較級+…"意為越…，越…。該句意為：吃的藥越多，我的病越是加

重。

例3"Ihaven'tbeentoLondonyet".

"Ihaven'tbeenthere

AtooBalsoCeitherDneither

解析：該題正確答案為C。A和B都用于肯定句中。D-neither

本身意為否定‘兩者都不"，而Neither則用于否定句中，意為“也

例4MrSmithwasmovedatthenews.

AdeepBdeeplyCverydeepDquitedeeply

解析：該題正確答案為B。A.deep用于副詞時(shí)，修飾具體的深，

如digdeep,而B-deeply則修飾表示感情色彩的詞，如該題為

deeplymoved.另如deeplyregret等。而D-quite和deeply均為副

詞，不能互相修飾。

(二)介詞

I.要點(diǎn)

1、介詞和種類

(1)簡單介詞，常用的有at,in,on,about,across,before,beside,

for,to,without等。

(2)復(fù)合介詞，如bymeansof,alongwith,becauseof,infrontof,

insteadof等。

2、介詞和其他詞類的習(xí)慣搭配關(guān)系

(1)和動詞的搭配，如agreewith,askfor,belongto,breakaway

from,careabout等。

(2)和形容詞的搭配，如afraidof,angrywith,differentfrom,

goodat

(3)和名詞的搭配，如answerto,keyto,reasonfor,causeof,visit

to等.

3、介詞短語可以有自己的修飾語，這種修飾語通常有right,just,

badly,all,well,directly,completely等少數(shù)兒個(gè)副詞。如：

Hecamerightafterdinner.

Helivesdirectlyoppositetheschool.

4、某些介詞的意義與用法舉例

(1)at,on,in(表時(shí)間)

表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)用at,如atfouro'clock,atmidnight等；表示不確定的

時(shí)間或短期假日也用at,如atthattime,atChristmas等。

指某天用on,如onMonday,ontheendofNovember,指某天的朝

夕用on,如onFridaymorning,ontheafternoonofSeptember1st等。

指長于或短于一天的時(shí)段用in,如intheafternoon,inFebruary,in

Summer,in1999等。

(2)between,among(表位置)

between僅用于二者之間，但說三者或三者以上中的每兩個(gè)之間

的相互關(guān)系時(shí)，也用between,如

I'msittingbetweenTomandAlice.

Thevillageliesbetweenthreehills.

among用于三者或三者以上之間。如：

Heisthebestamongthestudents.

(3)beside,besides

beside意為"在…旁邊”，而besides意為"除…之外"。如:

Hesatbesideme.

Whatdoyouwantbesidesthis?

(4)inthetree,onthetree

inthetree指動物或人在樹上，而onthetree指果實(shí)、樹葉長在

樹上

(5)ontheway,intheway,bytheway,inthisway

ontheway指在路上intheway指擋道

bytheway指順便問一句inthisway用這樣的方法

(6)inthecorner,atthecorner

inthecorner指在拐角內(nèi)atthecorner指在拐角外

(7)inthemorning,onthemorning

inthemorning是一般說法onthemorning特指某一天的早晨

(8)bybus,onthebus

bybus是一般說法onthebus特指乘某一輛車

II.例題

例1DoyouknowanyotherforeignlanguageEnglish?

AexceptBbutCbesideDbesides

解析：A、B兩項(xiàng)except等于but,意為"除了…"，C-beside意為"

在…旁邊”，不符合題意。而D-besides,意為“除了…之外，還有”。

所以該題正確答案為D。該題意為：除了英語外，你還知道別的

語言嗎？

例2Hesuddenlyreturnedarainynight.

AonBatCinDduring

解析：我們均知道，atnight這一短語，但如果night前有修飾詞，

表具體的夜晚，則要用介詞。n來修飾，故該題正確答案為A。

例3I'mlookingforwardyourletter.

AtoBinCatDon

解析：該題正確答案為A。lookforwardto為固定搭配，意為“

期望、盼望"。

(三)連詞

I.要點(diǎn)

1、連詞的種類

(1)并列連詞用來連接并列關(guān)系的詞、短語或分句，如and,for,

or,both...and,either...or,neither...nor等。

(2)從屬連詞用來引導(dǎo)從句，如that,if,whether,when,after,as

soonas等。

除了從屬連詞(引導(dǎo)狀語從句)外，還有其它可以用來引導(dǎo)從句

的詞類。它們是連接代詞和連接副詞(引導(dǎo)名詞性從句)，關(guān)系

代詞利關(guān)系副詞(引導(dǎo)定語從句)。

2、常用連詞舉例

(l)and和，并且

Theydrankandsangallnight.

(2)both...and和，既…也…

BothmyparentsandIwentthere.

(3)but但是,而

I'msad,butheishappy.

(4)either...or或…或…,要么…要么…

Eitheryou'rewrong,orIam.

(5)for因?yàn)?/p>

Iaskedhimtostay,forIhadsomethingtotellhim.

(6)however然而，可是

Affirst,hedidn'twanttogothere.Later,however,hedecidedtogo.

(7)neither...nor既不…也不

Neithermyparentsnormyauntagreeswithyou.

(8)notonly...but(also)不但…而且…

Henotonlysingswell,butalsodanceswell.

(9)or或者，否則

Hurryup,oryou'llbelate.

Areyouaworkeroradoctor?

(10)so因此，所以

It'sgettinglate,soImustgo.

(11)although雖然

Althoughitwaslate,theywentonworking.

(12)assoonas一…就

I'lltellhimassoonasIseehim.

(13)because因?yàn)?/p>

Hedidn'tgotoschool,becausehewasill.

(14)unless除非，如果不

Iwon'tgounlessitisfinetomorrow.

(15)until直到…

Hedidn'tleaveuntileleven.(瞬間動詞用于not...until結(jié)構(gòu))

Hestayedthereuntileleven.

(16)while當(dāng)…時(shí)候，而(表示對比)

WhileIstayedthere,Imetafriendofmine,(while后不可用瞬間動

詞)

Mypenisredwhilehisisblue.

(17)for因?yàn)?/p>

Hewasill,forhedidn'tcome.(結(jié)論是推斷出來的)

(18)since自從…

Ihavelivedheresincemyuncleleft.

(19)hardly...when一…就

Ihadhardlygottothestationwhenthetrainleft.

(20)asfaras就...來說

AsfarasIknow,thatcountryisverysmall.

Youmaywalkasfarasthelake.(一直走到湖那里)

II.例題

例1Johnplaysfootball,ifnotbetterthan,David.

AaswellBaswellasCsowellDsowellas

解析：該題意為：John踢足球如果不比David好的話，那也踢得

和David一樣好。和…一樣好為aswellas.故該題正確答案為B。

例2ShethoughtIwastalkingaboutherdaughter,,infact,Iwas

talkingaboutmydaughter.

AwhenBwhereCwhichDwhile

解析：該處意為"然而“，只有while有此意思，故選D。

例3Wouldyoulikeacupofcoffeeshallwegetdownto

businessrightaway?

A.andB.thenC.orD.otherwise

解析：該處意為"或者"，正確答案為C。

英語語法知識難點(diǎn)（二）

（四）動詞時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)

I.要點(diǎn)

1、一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)

（1）表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動作或現(xiàn)在存在的狀態(tài)，常與sometimes,

always,often,everyday等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：

Sometimes,wegoswimmingafterschool.

（2）表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí)等。如：

Theearthgoesroundthesun.

2、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)

（1）表示說話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動作，常與now,atpresent

等時(shí)間狀語連用。如：

Whatareyoudoingnow?

⑵和always,continually等連用，表一種經(jīng)常反復(fù)的動作，常含

有某種情感。如：

Heisalwaysdoinggooddeeds.

3、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)

主要表示動作發(fā)生在過去，對現(xiàn)在仍有影響，或動作一直延續(xù)到

現(xiàn)在，或可能還要繼續(xù)下去，常與just,already,sofar,once,never

等詞連用。如：

HaveyoueverbeentoBeijing?

4、一般將來時(shí)

表示將來某一時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常與tomorrow,

nextyear等連用。如:

I'llmeetyouattheschoolgatetomorrowmorning.

We'regoingtoseeafilmnextMonday.

5、一般過去時(shí)

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或某一階段內(nèi)發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，常

與yesterday,lastyear,in1998,amomentago等詞連用。如：

Ithappenedmanyyearsago.

6、過去進(jìn)行時(shí)

表示過去某一時(shí)刻或某一時(shí)期正在發(fā)生的動作。如：

Whatwereyoudoingthistimeyesterday?

7、過去完成時(shí)

表示在過去某一時(shí)間或動作之前已經(jīng)發(fā)生或完成了的動作。如：

Thetrainhadalreadyleftbeforewearrived.

8、一般過去將來時(shí)

表示說話人從過去的角度來看將來發(fā)生的動作。如：

Hesaidhewouldcome,buthedidn't.

9、被動語態(tài)

被動語態(tài)的時(shí)態(tài)，以give為例。

II.例題

例1Ilearnedthatherfatherin1950.

AhaddiedBdiedCdeadDisdead

解析：該題正確答案為B。從句中的謂語動詞動作雖然發(fā)生在主

句謂語動詞的動作之前，但因從句中有明確的過去時(shí)間狀語in

1950,所以不用過去完成時(shí)態(tài)，而用一般過去時(shí)態(tài)。

例2Thefive-year-oldgirlbyherparents.

AislookedBhaslookedfor

CisbeinglookedforDhasbeenlooked

解析：該題正確答案為C。在帶有介詞的動詞短語用于被動語態(tài)

句中，介詞不能省，否則就變成了不及物動詞短語，而不能用于

被動語態(tài)的句子中。

（五）動詞虛擬語氣

I.要點(diǎn)

表示說的話不是事實(shí)，或者是不可能發(fā)生的情況，而是一種愿望、

建議或與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè)等。一般常用于正式的書面語中。

1、虛擬語氣的構(gòu)成

情景

條件從句的謂語動詞

主句的謂語動詞

與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反

動詞過去式（be要用were）

should

+動詞原形

would

與過去事實(shí)相反

had+過去分詞

should

+have+過去分詞

would

與將來事實(shí)相反

1、動詞過去時(shí)

2、should+動詞原形

3、wereto+動詞原形

should

+動詞原形

would

注：如果條件從句謂語動詞包含有were或had,should,could有

時(shí)可將if省去，但要倒裝。如:

Hadyou(Ifyouhad)invitedus,wewouldhavecometoyourparty.

2、虛擬語氣在各種從句的應(yīng)用

(1)在主語從句中用來表示驚奇、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等，其謂

語形式是“should(可省)+動詞原形”，常用于以下三種句型中。

句型-'：Itisnecessary(important,natural,strange,etc)that...

句型二：Itisapity(ashame,nowonder,etc)that...

句型三：Itissuggested(requested,proposed,desired,etc)that...

如：Itisstrangethathe(should)havedonethat.

Itisapitythathe(should)besocareless.

Itisrequestedthatwe(should)besocareless.

(2)在賓語從句中用于suggest,propose,move,insist,desire,

demand,request,order,command等動詞后的賓語從句中，表間接

的命令利建議。其謂語形式是"(should)+動詞原形”。如：

Isuggestthatwe(should)goswimming.

(3)在表語從句中，表示間接的命令，要求、請求、建議、

決定等，主句中的主語通常是suggestion,proposal,request,orders,

idea等。從句謂語形式是“(should)+動詞原形“。如：

Hissuggestionisthatwe(should)leaveatonce.

(4)在同位語從句中，謂語形式是”(should)+動詞原形"。如:

Wereceivedorderthattheworkbedoneatonce.

(5)在Itistimethat...句型中,其謂語動詞形式是動詞的過去

式”或

"should+動詞原形",should不可省。如：

It'stime(that)wewent(shouldgo)toschool.

II.例題

例1Wehadhopedthathelonger.

AstaysBhavestayedCstayedDwouldstay

解析：該題正確答案為D。hadhoped表示“本希望"，同樣用法的

動詞還有think,expect等，后面的句子需用虛擬語氣

例2"Marywantstoseeyoutoday".

"Iwouldrathershetomorrowthantoday."

AcomesBcameCshouldcomeDwillcome

解析：該題正確答案為B。wouldrather后面的從句需用虛擬語

氣，用動詞過去時(shí)表示。

例3Hadshebeenolder,sheitbetter.

AhaddoneBmighthavedone

CmightdoDwoulddo

解析：Hadshebeenolder=Ifshehadbeenold.故該題正確答案為

Bo

(六)短語動詞

I.要點(diǎn)

英語中有許多短語動詞在意義上是一個(gè)整體，其用法有的相當(dāng)于

及物動詞，有的相當(dāng)于不及物動詞，有的兼有及物動詞和不及物

動詞的特征。英語短語動詞的構(gòu)成主要有以下六種：

(1)動詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ookfor,lookafter,sendfor,careabout,askfor,laughat,

hearof(from),addto,leadto等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介

詞后。如：

Don'tlaughatothers.

Ididn'tcareaboutit.

(2)動詞+副詞

常見的有g(shù)iveup,pickup,thinkover,findout,handin,pointout

等。這類短語動詞的賓語如果是名詞，既可放在副詞前邊，又可

放在副詞后邊；賓語如果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則要放在副詞

前邊。如：

You'llhandinyourhomeworktomorrow.

Pleasedon'tforgettohanditin.

(3)動詞+副詞+介詞

常見的有l(wèi)ookdownupon,goonwith,breakawayfrom,addupto,

catchupwith等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

Allhismoneyaddeduptonomorethan$100.

Afterashortrest,hewentonwithhisresearchwork.

(4)動詞+名詞+介詞

常見的有takecareof,makeuseof,payattentionto,makefunof

等。這類短語動詞的賓語只能放在介詞后邊。如：

Youshouldpayattentiontoyourhandwriting.

Weshouldmakefulluseofourtime.

（5）動詞+形容詞

常見的有l(wèi)eaveopen,setfree,cutopen等。這類短語動詞的賓語如

果是名詞，則賓語可放在形容詞的前邊，也可放在后邊；賓語如

果是人稱代詞或反身代詞，則必須放在形容詞前邊。如：

Theprisonersweresetfree.

Hecutitopen.

（6）動詞+名詞

常見的有takeplace,makefriends等。這類短語動詞用作不及物

動詞。如：

Thisstorytookplacethreeyearsago.

Imakefriendswithalotofpeople.

（7）辨析

giveaway（讓給，暴露）和giveup（放棄，停止）

putaway（放起，收起）利putout（撲滅）

turnup（出席，放大）和turnon（打開）

keepout（阻止）和keepoff（不讓靠近）

makeup（編造，補(bǔ)上）和makeout（辨認(rèn)）

takeoff（脫，起飛）和takeout（拿出）

II.例題

例1Itiswisetohavesomemoney___foroldage.

AputawayBkeptupCgivenawayDlaidup

解析：該題正確答案為A。意為"存";keepup意為"繼續(xù)";giveaway

意為"分發(fā)";layup"貯藏"。

例2Here'smycard.Let'skeepin.

AtouchBrelationCconnectionDfriendship

解析：該題正確答案為A.keepintouch為短語動詞，意為"保持

聯(lián)系"。

例3!There'satraincoming.

ALookoutBLookaroundCLookforwardDLookon

解析:該題選A.lookout意為”小心“。

（七）動詞不定式

I.要點(diǎn)

1、不定式的形式。以動詞write為例。

2、不定式的句法功能

（1）作主語

Tohearfromyouisnice.

Tobeagoodteacherisnoteasy.

不定式作主語時(shí)，為了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主語，

而不定式置于謂語動詞后。如：

It'snicetohearfromyou.

It'snoteasytobeagoodteacher.

（2）作賓語

通常用于want,hope,wish,like,need,hate,begin,start,remember,

agree,learn,pretend,refuse,manage,help等詞后。如：

Iforgottolockthedoor.

Pleaseremembertowritetome.

(3)作表語

Myjobistopickupletters.

Heseemedtohaveheardnothing.

(4)作定語

不定式作定語時(shí)，須放在它所修飾的名詞或代詞后。如：

Ihavetwoletterstowrite.

Ihavealotofworktodo.

(5)作賓補(bǔ)

通常用于want,wish,ask,order,tell,know,help,advise,allow,

cause,force等詞后。如：

Heorderedhertoleaveatonce.

Hewasforcedtoobeyhisorder.

(6)作狀語

Hegotupearlytocatchthefirstbus.

Heworkedhardtocatchupwiththeotherstudents.

(7)作獨(dú)立成分

Totellyouthetruth,Itoldalie.

(8)凝問詞+不定式"結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Idon'tknowhowtochoosethem.

Icannotdecidewheretogo.

(9)不定式的否定式。如：

Idecidednottogo.

(10)不定式的完成式。如：

HeseemedtohavecleanedtheroombeforeIcamein.

Theboyissaidtohavebeensenttothehospitallastweek.

(11)too...to結(jié)構(gòu)。如：

Hewastooexcitedtogotosleep.

Hewasonlytoogladtogo.(他太高興了，樂意去)

(12)主動表被動。如：

Thebookiseasytoread.

Ihaveabooktoread.

n.例題

例1Ihaven'tgotachair.

AtositBfortositonCtositonDforsitting

解析：該題選C。不定式tositon在句中作定語，修飾名詞chair.

因?yàn)椴欢ㄊ胶退揎椀拿~間是“動賓關(guān)系"，所以不定式必須

是及物動詞，故此處on不能省略。

例2Hewasmade.

AgoBgoneCgoingDtogo

解析：該題選D。makesb.dosth.如果是被動形式，不定式do

前的to不能省略。

例3Anewfactoryisverysoon.

AtobebuiltBbuilt

CtobuildDtobuilding

解析:該題選A。istobebuilt意為“將要被建"。

(八)動名詞

I.要點(diǎn)

動名詞既具有動詞的一些特征，又具有名詞的句法功能。

1、動名詞的形式，以write為例。

否定式not+動名詞

2、動名詞的用法

(1)作主語

Playingfootballismyfavoritesport.

Travellingwithfriendsatweekendisfun.

作主語的動名詞結(jié)構(gòu)復(fù)雜且長時(shí)，可用it作形式主語。如:

Itisfuntravellingwithfriendsatweekend.

(2)作賓語

IenjoyplayingPCgame.

Hegaveupwritingfiveyearsago.

(3)作表語

Whathehatedmostwasdoingnothing.

Seeingisbelieving.

動名詞作表語時(shí)，句子的主語常是無生命名詞或what引導(dǎo)的名

詞性從句。

(4)作定語

There'sadiningroominmyschool.

Allthep