Unit+1+Nature+in+the+balance+Grammar+and+usage+課件【高效課堂+備課精研】 高中英語牛津譯林版（2020）必修第三冊

新牛津譯林版高中英語必修三Unit1Natureinthebalance

GrammarandUsagelead-in-Excuseme!-Yes?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Pardon?-Isthisyourhandbag?-Yes,itis.-Thankyouverymuch.myhandbag.Ellipsis省略Introductionofellipsis1.Whatisellipsis?2.Whencanweuseellipsis?3.What'sthefunctionofellipsis?Introductionofellipsis1.Leaveout省略

awordorwordsfromasentencedeliberately故意地.2.Wecanuseellipsiswhenthemeaningcanstillbeunderstoodwithoutusingawordorcertainwords.3.Itmakessentencesconcise簡明的.ExploringtherulesWritedownthewordsthathavebeenleftoutintheconversationonpage6.1.No,Ididn’t(watchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterday).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto().3.Ifeltworriedwhen(

)watchingthedocumentary.4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers(

)achangeoflifestyle.5.(

)Gotanyideas?6.(

)Soundsgreat!IwaswatchitcallforHaveyouIt/That1.No,Ididn’t(watchthedocumentaryaboutenvironmentalprotectiononTVyesterday).2.Youcanwatchitonlineifyouwantto(watchit).3.Ifeltworriedwhen(Iwas)watchingthedocumentary.InshortresponsesIninfinitivesAftersomeconjunctionslikeif,whenandwhile4.Somecallfortheapplicationofmoderntechnology,andothers(callfor)achangeoflifestyle.5.(Haveyou)Gotanyideas?6.(It/That)Soundsgreat!InclauseswiththesamepatternandthesameverbAtthebeginningofasentenceininformalspeechAtthebeginningofasentenceininformalspeechWesometimesuseellipsistoavoid_________(stressing/repeating)oneormorewordswhenthemeaningisclear.Wecanuseellipsis:

repeatinginshortresponses;ininfinitivephrases;

aftersomeconjunctionslikeif,whenandwhile;inclauseswith

thesamepatternand

thesameverb;

atthebeginningofasentencein___________(informal/formal)speech.

informalWorkingouttherulesEllipsis省略定義：為了使語言簡潔化、并且為了避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個或幾個成分，這種語法現(xiàn)象稱為省略（Ellipsis)。Focuson基本用法簡單句中的省略并列句中的省略復(fù)合句中的省略其他省略①

(You)Comein,please.②

(I)Seeyoutomorrow.③

(I)Thankyouforyourhelp.④

(I)Begyourpardon.簡單句中的省略1.省略主語:祈使句中的主語通常被省略;其他省略主語的情況多限于少數(shù)習(xí)慣用法。①(It)Soundsagoodidea.②(Willyou)Haveasmoke?③(Wouldyoulike)Somethingtodrink?④(Youcome)Thisway,please.2.省略主語或謂語的一部分3.省略賓語①-DoyouknowMissHu?-Idon’tknow(her).②Tomenjoysdancing,butPeterhates(dancing).可以省略賓語的全部①Don’ttouchanythingunlesstheteachertellsyouto

(touch).②-Areyouateacher?-No,butIwanttobe

(ateacher).③-Hehasn’tfinishedthetask.-Well,heoughttohave(finishedit).可以省略作賓語的動詞不定式,只保留to,但如果該賓語是動詞be或助動詞have,則須在to后加上be或have。①-Areyouthirsty?-Yes,Iam(thirsty).②Hisbrotherisn’tlazy.Norishissister(lazy).4.省略表語①-Areyoufeelingbetternow?-(I’mfeeling)Better(now).②-Whendidyoureadthenovel?-(Ireadit)Longago.③Let’smeetattheschoolgateasthesameas(wemet)yesterday.5.同時省略幾個句子成分兩個并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分。①Mikesaidthathewouldcometoschooltoseemethenextday,buthedidn’t(cometoschooltoseemethenextday).②Lin’sfatherwasnotathome,buthismotherwas(athome).③Shewaspoorbut

(shewas)honest.并列句中的省略1.主句中的省略1)主句的省略多見于句首，多用于口語。(It’sa)Pityyoucouldn’tcome.2)在對話中答句省去整個主句只用從句。-ShallIgotoplay?-Ifyoulike(youcangotoplay).復(fù)合句中的省略2.定語從句中的省略關(guān)系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時可以省略。①Thebook(which/that)Iborrowedyesterdaywashers.②Theman

(whom)

yousawonthestreetoncesavedmylife.3.賓語從句中的省略1)由which,when,where,how和why引導(dǎo)的賓語從句，可全部或部分省去，只保留引導(dǎo)詞。PleasepassmeoneofthesebooksandIdon’tcarewhich(youpassme).2)在I’mafraid,Ithink,Ibelieve,Ihope,Iguess等開頭的作答句中，后面跟so與not分別用于肯定或否定賓語時，賓語從句可省去。-Doyouthinkitwillrain?-Ihope(thatitwill)not(rain).4.狀語從句中的省略1)狀語從句出現(xiàn)在句末時，一般都可以作句尾省略。①Youdon’thavetoswimifyoudon’twantto(swim).②Youcanaskmequestionsif(thereare)any(questions).2)有時條件從句可以完全省去，只剩下主句。Iwouldhavecomeyesterday(if

Ihadwantedto).3)賓語從句中常省略that,但多個賓語從句并列時,通常只省略第一個that。①Theboybelieves(that)hewilltravelthroughspacetootherplanets.②Hesaid(that)thetextwasveryimportantandthatweshouldlearnitbyheart.3)以as,than引導(dǎo)的比較狀語從句可以全部或部分省去。Afterhalfanhour,shebecamequieter(thanshehadbeen).4)狀語從句位于句首時，從句的主語如與主句的主語指同一人或同一事，且從句里動詞是be的某種形式時，這時可省略從句的主語和be動詞。①When

(youare)crossingtheroad,you’dbetterlookatbothsides.②Unless

(Iam)invited

Iwillnotgo.③While

(hewas)onawalkingtourwithhiswife,

hestoppedtotalktoaworkman.①Isawtheboyfallfromthetree.Theboywasseen

tofallfromthetree.②Thebossmadeuswork12hoursaday.

Weweremade

towork12hoursaday.(4)某些使役動詞(let,make,have)及感官動詞(see,watch,hear,notice,observe,feel,lookat,listento等)后面作賓語補足語的不定式一定要省去to,但在被動語態(tài)中須將to復(fù)原。(5)主語從句中有實義動詞do,后面作表語的不定式的to可帶可不帶。Whatwecandonowis(to)wait.2.條件從句中有should,were或had時,可以省略if,但要將should,were或had提至句首。IfIwereyou,Iwouldgiveitup.WereIyou,Iwouldgiveitup.Noparking.

(Parkingisnotallowedhere.)Quiet!

(Youshouldbequiethere.) Turandotonstage.

(TheoperaTurandotisbeingperformedonstage.)3.一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略。(1)signs/labels(2)newspaperheadlines

Bestwishes.

(Igiveyoumybestwishes.)

OperaOK,costumesgreat.

(TheoperawasOK,andthecostumesweregreat.)(3)postcards/diaries(4)notes1.省略的概念：為了使語言簡潔或避免重復(fù)，省略句中的一個或幾個句子成分。2.省略的情況

(1)簡單句中的省略：①

省略主語

②省略主語或謂語的一部分

③省略賓語

④省略表語

⑤同時省略幾個句子成分(2)并列句中的省略：兩個并列分句中，后一分句常省略與前一分句中相同的部分(3)復(fù)合句中的省略：①主句中的省略

②定語從句中的省略③賓語從句中的省略④狀語從句中的省略(4)其他省略：①不定式符號to的省略②條件從句中有should,were或had時,可以省略if,但要將should,were或had提至句首③一些特殊結(jié)構(gòu)中的省略summaryB1--Findthemistakesandrewritethesentencesusingellipsis.1.Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldlike.__________________________________________________________________Icannotwatchthedocumentarythisweekend,thoughIwouldliketo.Reason:Wecannotleaveouttoininfinitiveswhenusingellipsis.2.Cowsliveonland,andfishthewater.__________________________________Cowsliveonland,andfishinthewater.Reason:Differentprepositionsareusedandtheycan’t

beleftout.Applyingtherules3.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthanwas50yearsago._________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisinclauseswiththesamepattern,thesubjectandtheverbshouldbeleft

outaltogether.4.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’tdo.____________________________________________________________________Reason:Whenusingellipsisincompoundsentences,thepartbehindtheauxiliaryverbshouldbeleftoutaltogether.Hehadplannedtoborrowabookonenvironmentalprotection,buthedidn’t.TheAmazonrainforestissmallernowthan50yearsago.5.Whentakingphotosofwildlife,everyeffortshouldbemadetoensurethatwekeepawayfromtheanimals._______________________________________________________________________