專(zhuān)題講座被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)課件

專(zhuān)題講座:被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

上海市劉行中學(xué)季曉春2005.2.27

ThePassiveVoice

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)TheActiveVoice:ThePassiveVoice:主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者.sb.doessth.

某人做某事主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者．Sth.bedonebysb.某事被某人做／某事被做（被某人）

Manypeople

English123isspoken

bymanypeople．

主動(dòng)被動(dòng)speakEnglish．１．先找出謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，將其之后的賓語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的三個(gè)步驟：

２．將其主語(yǔ)by+賓格３．根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)，動(dòng)詞變化do/doesam/is/are+PP主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu):be+PP.1.一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：２．一般過(guò)去時(shí)：３．一般將來(lái)時(shí)：４．過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)：５．現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：６．過(guò)去完成時(shí)：７．現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：８．過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)：主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)do/doesam/is/are+PP.didwas/were+PP.willdowillbe+PP.begoingtodobegoingtobe+PP.(am/is/are)woulddowouldbe+PP.begoingtodobegoingtobe+PP.(was/were)have/has+PP.have/hasbeen+PP.had+PP.hadbeen+PP.am/is/are+doingam/is/are+being+PP.was/were+doingwas/were+being+PP(be助動(dòng)詞，PP不變量）情態(tài)動(dòng)詞和半助動(dòng)詞的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)結(jié)構(gòu):１．情態(tài)動(dòng)詞＋do(can/may/must/should/oughtto)情態(tài)動(dòng)詞+be+PP.2.半助動(dòng)詞＋do半助動(dòng)詞+be+PP.(haveto/usedto/seemto/besureto)關(guān)于by短語(yǔ)省略的2種情況不知某事被誰(shuí)所做不必說(shuō)出動(dòng)作被誰(shuí)所做用作被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，by短語(yǔ)可省略．A:他的手表昨天被偷了.B:這部小說(shuō)寫(xiě)于1999年。Thisnovelwaswrittenin1999.Hiswatchwasstolenyesterday.在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中哪些動(dòng)詞和句子不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):不及物動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).在初中階段常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞有：happen/takeplace/appear/disappear/belongto/rise等TorFA:Thetruckisn’tbelongedtothefactory.B:Thetruckdoesn’tbelongtothefactory.C:Ahorsewasappearedinthedistance.D:Ahorseappearedinthedistance.E:Thestoryhappenedin1949.F:Thestorywashappenedin1949.(T)G:Thesunrisesintheeast.H:Thesunisrisenintheeast.(F)(F)(T)(T)(F)(T)(F)..下星期學(xué)校將舉行一個(gè)運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)Using“therebe”A:TherewillbeasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweekUsing“hold”.B:Wewillholdasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek主動(dòng)被動(dòng)C:Asportsmeetingwillbeheldinourschoolnextweek.Using“have”D:Wewillhaveasportsmeetinginourschoolnextweek.Using“takeplace”E:Asportsmeetingwilltakeplaceinourschoolnextweek.Asportsmeetingwillbetakenplaceinourschoolnextweek.(X)上海這些年發(fā)生了巨大的變化.Using“therebe”A:TherehavebeengreatchangesinShanghaitheseyears.BeginningwithShanghai.(2ways)B:Shanghaihaschangedalottheseyears.C:Shanghaihaschangedgreatlytheseyears.BeginningwithgreatchangesD:GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinShanghaitheseyears.2.連系動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):連系動(dòng)詞有三大類(lèi)be動(dòng)詞變得(get,become,turn,grow,etc)感官動(dòng)詞(look,sound,smell,taste,feel,etc)這花聞起來(lái)很香.(Theflowersmellssweet.)這菜很好吃.(Thedishtastesgood.)這個(gè)主意聽(tīng)起來(lái)很有趣.(Theideasoundsveryinteresting.)3.表示度量的詞，不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).他的體重50kg.(Heweighs50kilograms)如:weigh,measure等.4.表示去向的動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):如:come/go/leave,etc.

C:Thebookwascost5yuanbyme.5.表示狀態(tài)的動(dòng)詞沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài):如:have(有)fit(適合)hold（容納）cost（值）enter（進(jìn)入）join（加入）miss(錯(cuò)過(guò))A:Thecoatisfitwellbyher.B:Theearlybuswasmissedbyme.Thecoatfitsherwell.√Imissedtheearlybus.√Thebookcostme5yuan.√

6.部分短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞,有些可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)有些不可用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，需加以區(qū)別.TorF:A:Thechildrenhavebeenwelllookedafter.B:Hewasn’tagreedwithbythem.C:Theyquiteagreedwithhim.7.以反身代詞和相互代詞為賓語(yǔ)的句子沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).B:Weoftenhelpeachother.8.帶同源賓語(yǔ)的句子不能變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)A:Helivedahardlifeonthefarm.B:Hedreamedasweetdream.(T)(F)(T)A:TheboyisteachinghimselfFrench9.賓語(yǔ)是主語(yǔ)（人）身上的某一部分或感官時(shí)，不可變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài).A:Sheraisedherhand.10.賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)詞不定式或動(dòng)名詞時(shí)，不可改為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。B:Theystoppedtalkingjustnow.(動(dòng)名詞)A:Ihopetodothejob.(動(dòng)詞不定式)B:Heshuthismouth.C:Peoplebelievethathewillwinthegame.六．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的一些疑難問(wèn)題1.主動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)→被動(dòng)謂語(yǔ)be動(dòng)詞按新主語(yǔ)的人稱(chēng)、數(shù)量作變化，謂語(yǔ)由主動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)結(jié)構(gòu).2.如果賓語(yǔ)是that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，那么可轉(zhuǎn)化為it作形式主語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。如Itisknownthat……/Itissaidthat……/Itisbelievedthat……A:WeknowthatBritainisanislandcountry.(objectclause)→ItisknownthatBritainisanislandcountry.B:Theysaythattheareaisrichinoil.→Itissaidthattheareaisrichinoil.→Itisbelievedthathewillwinthegame.→Weweretaughthowtoswim(byhim).

3.SVOO這種結(jié)構(gòu)中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般帶雙賓語(yǔ)。即直接賓語(yǔ)和間接賓語(yǔ)。A:Myunclegaveme

twopens.→間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)：Iwasgiventwopensbymyuncle.→直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)：Twopensweregiventomebymyuncle.givesb.sth.→givesth.tosb.(sth.isan.notapron.)B:Shehasboughtthem

somecakes.→間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ)：Theyhavebeenboughtsomecakesbyher.Somecakeshavebeenboughtforthembyher.如果直接賓語(yǔ)是賓語(yǔ)從句或動(dòng)詞不定式，間接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ).→直接賓語(yǔ)作主語(yǔ):buysb

sth→buysthforsb*Hetaughtushowtoswim.4.SVOC這種結(jié)構(gòu)轉(zhuǎn)化時(shí)，通常把賓語(yǔ)轉(zhuǎn)化為主語(yǔ)，保留賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)。Sb.beseendoing補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為分詞，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中還是doing.A:seehearfindSb.befounddoingsb.doingSb.behearddoingB:makeletseehearfindsb.dosth.Sb.bemadetodoSb.belettodoSb.beseentodoSb.beheardtodoSb.befoundtodo補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為不帶to的動(dòng)詞不定式，在被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中要補(bǔ)足to.Ifoundhimabrightboy.→Hewasfound(tobe)abrightboy.YesterdayI_________(invite)_________(have)dinnerbymyfriend.C:補(bǔ)語(yǔ)為adj./nasktellinvitesb.todoSb.beaskedtodotoldtodoinvitedtodo一般來(lái)說(shuō)，ask/tell/invite等后面直接跟todo,則表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。wasinvitedtohaveWineismadefromrice.5.be+PP結(jié)構(gòu)有時(shí)并不表示被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)某些動(dòng)詞如be/look/feel等后的過(guò)去分詞實(shí)際上已轉(zhuǎn)化為形容詞，作表語(yǔ)，表示狀態(tài)、情緒等。Hewassurprisedatthenews.Shefeltpleasedwithhiswork.Thebookiswellwritten.F:Theglasswasbrokenbytheboy.

玻璃杯被男孩打破了。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作）COMPAREA:Thedoorwasclosed.門(mén)關(guān)著（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)）B:Thedoorwasclosedbyher.門(mén)被他關(guān)上了。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作）C:Thetopofthehilliscoveredwithsnow.山頂覆蓋著雪.（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)）D:Thetopofthehilliscoveredbyacloud.山頂被一片云籠罩著。（被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)，表示動(dòng)作）E:Theglasswasbroken.玻璃杯破了。（系表結(jié)構(gòu)，表示狀態(tài)）6.被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的by短語(yǔ)和with短語(yǔ)by短語(yǔ)→動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，即動(dòng)作是誰(shuí)做的with短語(yǔ)→做某事所用的工具或手段，或表示某種情態(tài)或狀態(tài)這封信是亨利寫(xiě)的。TheletterwaswrittenbyHenry.這封信是用鋼筆寫(xiě)的。Theletterwaswrittenwithapen.亨利用鋼筆寫(xiě)了這封信。Henrywrotetheletterwithapen.老虎是被一個(gè)獵人打死的。Thetigerwaskilledbyahunter.老虎是用槍打死的。Thetigerwaskilledwithagun.獵人用槍打死了老虎。Thehunterkilledthetigerwithagun.7.短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是一個(gè)不可分割的整體，在變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，不可漏掉組成短語(yǔ)的介詞或副詞。A.這篇課文必須再?gòu)?fù)習(xí)一遍。Thetextmustbegoneoveragain.B.那位老人被照顧得很好。Theoldmanistakengoodcareof.C.你應(yīng)該注意這些規(guī)則。Youshouldpayattentiontotherules.Therulesshouldbepaidattentionto.思考題Heisagoodteacherandlovedbythestudents.他是一個(gè)好老師，受到學(xué)生們的熱愛(ài)?？紤]一下這個(gè)句子是否是一個(gè)病句？Heisagoodteacherandislovedbythestudents.1.Hewritesmanybusinessletterseveryday.

2.Everyonewelcomedthatrestaurantatthattime.

3.Theirparentshaveboughtthemtwocomputers.

4.Weoftenseethegirlsdanceintheclassroom.

5.Theteachermadethemplayfootballfortwohours.

6.Theysaythattheislandisagoodplaceforholiday.7.Weshouldhangupthewetclotheshere.EXERCISES:I.Putthefollowingintothepassivevoice1.Whenthework_______,theworkerwillhavearest.()

A.isgoingtodoB.willbedoneC.isgoingtobedoneD.isdone2.____alltherooms___________everyday?()A.

Has,beencleaned

B.Do,becleanedC.Are,cleanedD.Will,cleaned3.Arailway_______betweenthetwocitiesnow.()A.builtB.hasbuiltC.isbeenbuiltD.isbeingbuilt4.Whyhaveyoubroughtyourdogtoschoolagain?()You_______severaltimesnottodoso.

A.havetoldB.havebeentoldC.aretoldD.arebeingtold5.Thathouseisverydirty.Youcanseeit______forquiteafewdays.()

A

.isn’tcleanedB.hasn’tbeencleanedC.wasn’tcleanedD.hadn’tbeencleaned6.Itoldtheladythattheseat______already.()A.hadtakenB.tookC.wastakenD.hadbeentaken7.Aletter_____tohimnextweek.()

A.willbesentB.willsendC.issendingD.willhavesentII.MultipleChoice:DCDBBDA1.You’dbetterstayindoorsbecauseit____________(rain)2.Howmanyguests____________(invite)________(come)tothepartylastnight?

3.Printing_____________(invent)bytheChinesehundredsofyearsago.4.Suddenlyhe__________(appear)infrontofme.5.Goodmedicine_______(taste)bitter.

6.Theclerkputtheparcelonthescaletofindouthowmuchit________(weigh).

7.Alotoftime______________(waste)__________(discuss)unimportantthingssincemorning.III.Completethesentenceswithpropertenses.Usetheactiveorpassivevoiceasrequired.israiningwereinvitedtocomewasinventedappearedtastesweighedhasbeenwasteddiscussingPutthefollowingintothepassivevoice:1.PeopleuseEnglishatimportantinternationalconferences.2.Mr.Wangsetupaprivateschoolinthatvillage.3.Theyaskedmetospeakatthemeeting.4.Theyhadtothinkoverthesequestions.5.Theywillmakenewlawstofightpollution.6.Theten-year-oldboywillprotectthebooksinthatway.7.Youmustn’ttakethemagazinesoutofthereadingroom.8.Weweredoingourhomeworkateightlastnight.

自測(cè)題II.MultipleChoice:1.Look！Theoldcinema______pulleddown.

A.hasB.isC.willhaveD.isbeing.2.AtthepartyMary_______alotofbirthdaypresents.

A.wasgivenB.wasgaveC.gaveD.hadgiven3.Noletters_________fromhersinceshewenttoworkinAfrica.

A.hasbeenreceivedB.havebeenreceivedC.receivedD.arereceived4.ThestudentsinGrade2______tothecinematwiceaweek.

A.aretakenB.arebeingtakenC.havetakenD.aretaking5.Thisfilm______inthetownbefore.

A.hasnotshownB.hasnotbeenshownC.isnotshownD.wasnotshowing6.America_______byColumbusin1492.

A.discoveredB.haddiscoveredC.hadbeendiscovered.D.wasdiscovered.7.Whenthebank______threeweeksago,thepoliceweretherewaitingfortherobbers.

A.werebrokenintoB.hasbeenbrokenintoChadbeenbrokenintoD.wasbrokeninto.8.English________allovertheworld.A.isspeakingB.speakingC.speaksD.isspokenIII.Completethesentenceswithproperte